begv.

Brit.

/bɛɡ/, U.S.

/bɛɡ/

Forms: Middle English beggen, Middle English–1600s begge, Middle English–1500s begg, 1500s (Scottish) bayg, Middle English– beg.

Etymology: Of uncertain origin.The notion that beg had to do with the bag carried by a beggar, as if he were a ‘bagger,’ finds no etymological corroboration. The Flemish beggen appealed to by Littré under Beguin has no existence (Cosijn). Mr. H. Sweet has suggested that Middle English beggen might be worn down from the rare Old English bedecian ‘to beg,’ found once (in Past. Care), and obscurely connected with Gothic bidagwa ‘beggar,’ < bidjan ‘to ask, beg.’ This has much to recommend it; but the phonetic connection of beggen and bedecian is by no means established, and there is the serious historical difficulty that no connecting links are to be found, there being no trace of the word in any form between K. Ælfred's bedecian before 900 and the regular use of the modern beg and beggar in the 13th cent. Perhaps the most likely derivation is from the Old French begart , begard , and begar , medieval Latin begardus = Beghard n., or its synonym beguin , Beguine n.¹, and derivative verb beguigner , beguiner ‘to act the beguin.’ It is known that the Beghards or Beguins were, or soon became, a lay mendicant order, and that in the 13th cent. mendicants calling themselves, or called, by these names, swarmed over Western Europe, ‘laici, qui sub prætextis cujusdam religionis fictæ Begardos se appellant..qui extra religionem approbatam validam mendicantes discurrunt’ (Council of Treves 1310). It is notable that in one of the two passages where Britton has Anglo-Norman begger to beg (see 4 above), the reading of two 14th cent. manuscripts is beguigner, showing that this was at any rate identical in sense with ‘beg.’ So also we find in Sym. de Hesdin a1380 (Godefroy), ‘il n'y eust pas tant de begars et de begardes qui mengassent leur pain en oiseuse’ (there would not have been so many begards, male and female, to eat their bread in idleness), which strongly suggests the English beggar. About this time the words beggare and beggen arose in English: the exact process of their formation, and their actual relation to each other can only be conjectured: possibly begg-en was shortened < beguin-er, possibly it was taken < begg-are, and this directly < Old French begar above. The -are of the Ancren Riwle proves nothing, being the regular agent ending, as seen in bacbitare, demare, reuare, etc.

1. To ask alms or by way of alms.

a. transitive. To ask (bread, money, etc.) in alms or as a charitable gift; to procure (one's living) by begging.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > beg [verb (transitive)]

beg?c1225

thigc1300

emendicate1611

mang1811

bum1863

schnorr1892

panhandle1894

yegg1916

ding1935

mump-

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 263 Scheome ich cleopie eauer her..beggen as an harlot..his liuenað.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. vi. 195 Blynde and bedreden..þat seten to begge silver.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 28/2 Beggyn bodely fode.

c1500 Bk. Mayd Emlyn xxvii, in Poet. Tracts (Percy Soc.) 28 Longe or she were dede, She wente to begge her brede.

1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xxxvii. 25 Yet haue I not seene the righteous forsaken, nor his seede begging bread.

1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel i. Introd. 4 He begged his bread from door to door.

b. intransitive. To ask alms; esp. to ask alms habitually, to live by asking alms. Const. absol.; of, from, formerly at, a person; for alms.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > beg or be beggar [verb (intransitive)]

thigc1300

begc1384

crave1393

to go a-begged1393

prowl1530

to go (or have been) a begging1535

maund?1536

to bear the wallet1546

cant1567

prog1579

to turn to bag and wallet1582

skelder1602

maunder1611

strike1618

emendicate1623

mendicate1623

to go a-gooding1646

mump1685

shool1736

cadge1819

to stand pad1841

stag1860

bum1870

schnorr1875

panhandle1894

pling1915

stem1924

nickel-and-dime1942

c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care 284 Hit is swiðe wel be ðæm gecweden ðæt he eft bedecige on sumera, & him mon ðonne noht ne selle.]

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John ix. 8 Thei that hadden seyn hym byfore..seiden, Wher this is not he, that sat, and beggide?

1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 4 Ther wente a lymytour aboute To preche and eek to begge.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4708 Þai war sa fele þat begand [Fairf. beggande] yode.

a1450 York Myst., Barbers 8 What riche man gose from dore to dore To begge at hym þat has right noght.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 446/1 I begge for the guylde of saynt Anthonye.

1555 J. Heywood Two Hundred Epigrammes with Thyrde sig. B.ii Thou begst at a wronge dore, and so hast begde longe.

1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) ix. xlvii. 220 Fring'd and ymbroidred Petticoats now begge [i.e. are worn by beggars].

1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles iv. 41 Those pallats..Would now be glad of bread and beg for it.

a1617 S. Hieron Penance for Sinne in Wks. (1620) II. 392 We haue an ordinary saying..‘They which begge must not choose.’

1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. Sept. (1965) I. 438 While the post horses are chang'd, the whole town comes out to beg.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. I. i. 74 Licences to beg were at that time granted.

2. transferred. To ask as a favour or act of grace; hence to ask humbly, earnestly, supplicatingly; to crave, entreat. (With many const.: cf. ask v.)

a. transitive. Const. of, from (formerly at). Also in colloquial phrase to beg, borrow, or steal. The early instances are closely connected with sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > render instrumental [verb (transitive)] > find means

to beg, borrow, or stealc1386

1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iii. 149 Beggith and borwith of burgeis in tounes Ffurris of ffoyne, and oþer felle-ware.

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3219 Þai may nathyng begg ne borowe, To help þam, þat þai war out broght [of purgatory].]

c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 6 Thou most for Indigence Or stele, or begge, or borwe thy dispence.

1526 Pilgr. Perf. (1531) The miserable nature of man..beggeth and craueth of god socour and relefe.1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Matt. xxvii. 58 Ioseph..went to Pilate and begged the body of Iesus.1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream i. i. 41 I beg the auncient priuiledge of Athens. 1605 Bk. Com. Prayer, Gunpowd. Tr. All which we humbly beg for the sake of our blessed Lord and Saviour.1667 S. Pepys Diary 14 Feb. (1974) VIII. 61 All the world will believe, that we do go to beg a peace.1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 168. ⁋11 I beg the Favour of you..to send us Word.1746 H. Walpole Corr. 12 June I have three favours to beg of you.1752 C. Lennox Female Quixote I. ii. ix. 116 She refused to give him a glorious scarf which she wore, though he begged it on his knees.1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy III. xxxviii. 177 He has taken in, Sir, the whole subject..—begging, borrowing, and stealing, as he went along.1794 F. Burney Let. 22 Mar. (1905) V. 240 He has been drawing a plan for it, which I intend to beg, borrow, or steal (all one), to give you some idea how seriously he studies.1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes iii. 146 The Florentines begged back his [sc. Dante's] body..the Ravenna people would not give it.1859 Macmillan's Mag. Dec. 118/1 Not because they want to beg, borrow, or steal thoughts which are not theirs.

b. absol. or intransitive; with same const.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > beseech or implore

beseech?c1225

praya1250

plead1340

pursuec1390

implore?a1513

perplead1581

entreat1593

beg1598

oratec1600

contest1607

deprecate1626

imprecatea1645

obtest1650

prig1700

special-plead1814

plea1868

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 207 How I would make him fawne, and begge, and seeke.

1609 J. Skene tr. Stat. Robert II in Regiam Majestatem 48 Na Schiref..sall dar or presume to begge..fra the inhabitants of the cuntrie.

1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. i. 19 Apollo's awful Ensigns grace his Hands: By these he begs.

1845 T. Hood Last Man xxxvii In vain My desperate fancy begs.

c. To beg for a thing.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > for something

bid971

aska1200

seekc1366

cravec1386

entreat1427

inquire?a1513

beg1576

incall1591

urgea1616

woo1615

clamour1651

to call on ——1721

tout1731

spell1790

1576 A. Fleming tr. J. Caius Of Eng. Dogges 35 Dogges..are taught..to begge for theyr meate.

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus i. i. 452 Kneele in the streets and begge for grace in vaine.

1649 E. Reynolds Israels Prayer (new ed.) iii. 11 I must..begge for pardon.

1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People (1882) iv. §3. 177 Single-handed [he] forced him to beg for mercy.

d. To beg to do a thing, or that a thing may be.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > to do or have a thing

ask?c1400

require1479

request1565

beg1576

1576 F. Thynne Let. 19 Mar. in Animaduersions (1875) p. lvi I most humbly..do submytt my cause & my selfe, begginge, uppon the knees of my harte, to come before your Lordship.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vii. 313 On my knees I beg, That you'l vouchsafe me rayment, bed and food.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. i. 72 I should haue begg'd I might haue bene employd.

1656 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa V. iii. iv. 208 I passionately begg'd to wait upon him.

1767 J. Wilkes Corr. (1805) III. 197 I shall very soon beg to call the public attention to some points of national importance.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 613 Shrewsbury begged that..he might be appointed.

†e. To beg of a person for a thing. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > to, of, or upon someone

clepec825

cryc1290

to pray (one) of a boon1393

to call on ——a1400

to seek on (also upon)a1400

to call upon ——c1405

sue1405

supplicate1417

peala1425

labour1442

to make suit1447–8

supply1489

suit1526

appeal1540

apply1554

incalla1572

invocate1582

beg1600

palaver1859

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 109 If she be by, Begge of her, for remedy.

f. To beg of (formerly at) a person to do a thing, or that a thing may be.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > to, of, or upon someone > to do something

bega1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) v. ii. 236 He beg'd of me to steale it.

1665 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 174 Our prisoners..beg at us, as a mercy, to knock them on the head.

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xxi. 154 I must beg of you to print a few lines, in explanation.

1799 R. Southey Eng. Eclogues in Poet. Wks. (1838) III. 35 [He] would come..and beg of me To tell him stories of his ancestors.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Dora in Poems (new ed.) II. 38 I will beg of him to take thee back.

g. transitive. To beg a person to do a thing.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > beseech or implore

beseechc1175

ofsechec1300

praya1350

praya1387

supply?c1400

treatc1450

entreatc1475

solicitate1563

bepray1598

exore1598

exorate1599

implorea1616

deprecate1624

beg1675

implead1682

fleech1718

impetrate1881

the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > a person to do something

crave?c1225

seek1362

requirec1380

aska1400

require1415

to call upon ——a1450

will?1457

requestc1485

bespeaka1616

beg1675

1675 Earl of Shaftesbury Let. Person of Qual. 5 He beg'd me to consider..whether in such a case, [etc.]

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 117. ¶5 I beg'd my friend Sir Roger to go with me.

1778 ‘H. Bowman’ Trav. 266 I begged him to explain himself.

1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People (1882) iii. §5. 142 The king..begged him to write the story of the day's proceedings.

h. Cards. In All Fours (U.S. Seven-up), to ask for a point, or three additional cards and a new trump (said of the elder hand).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [verb (transitive)] > actions in specific games > in all fours

beg1793

1793 Sporting Mag. 2 160/1 The Duke of York and Lord Barrymore were playing the game of All Fours... The Duke..overlooked his cards, and..begged one, which was granted, though he held the ace, deuce, and jack of trumps.

1800 E. Hoyle & C. Jones Hoyle's Games Improved 308 The Game of All-Fours... If the eldest [hand] don't like his cards, he may, for once in a hand, say, I beg, when the dealer must either give a point or three more cards to each..player.

1890 M. E. Ryan Told in Hills 255 Why, you are begging on a full hand, Mister.

1897 R. F. Foster Compl. Hoyle 289 If the eldest hand is not satisfied, he says: I beg; and the dealer, after examining his own hand, has the option of giving him a point or running the cards.

1897 R. F. Foster Compl. Hoyle 290 Begging is resorted to by a player who holds no trumps.

i. Said of a dog trained to sit up and hold up its fore paws when told to beg.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [verb (intransitive)] > act in particular way

fawna1250

stoop?1530

kennel1552

fetch-and-carrya1616

to cock one's ears1714

beg1816

toll1851

trust1939

1816 Sporting Mag. 48 23/2 He began to teach me [sc. a puppy] to beg, and to fetch and carry.

1837 J. Prior Life Goldsmith II. 33 Teaching a favourite dog to sit upright upon its haunches, or as is commonly said, to beg.

1854 J. G. Wood Sketches Animal Life 98 Four cats..had taught themselves the art of begging like a dog... They waited until they saw the dog sit up in the begging position, and immediately assumed the same attitude.

1884 Cent. Mag. Dec. 198/2 To squat back and raise his front legs from the ground, much in the position of a ‘begging’ poodle.

1927 E. V. Lucas More I see of Men iv. 32 He begs even when there is no meal in progress.

a. In beg pardon, beg excuse, beg leave, etc.: beside the strict sense as in 2, the whole expression is often merely a courteous or apologetic mode of asking what is expected, or even of taking as a matter of course.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > permit [verb (intransitive)] > ask permission

beg leave1604

beg1767

society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > forgiveness > grant forgiveness [verb (intransitive)] > ask forgiveness

to cry (a person) mercyc1225

beg pardon1604

beg excuse1734

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. vii. 43 To morrow shall I begge leaue to see your kingly eyes.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. v. 6 Falls not the axe vpon the humbled neck, But first begs pardon.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 74. ¶2 I must however beg Leave to dissent from so great an Authority.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 74. ⁋15 I shall only beg Pardon for such a Profusion of Latin Quotations.

1734 I. Watts Reliquiæ Juveniles lxxvi. 343 In the Business of Transubstantiation, he begs your Excuse.

1754 Earl of Chatham Lett. to Nephew (1804) iv. 22 There is likewise a particular attention required to contradict with good manners; such as, begging pardon, begging leave to doubt, and such like phrases.

1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 21 You begged my pardon.

1887 N.E.D. at Beg Mod. I beg your pardon; I did not quite catch what you said. I have received your letter, and beg leave to say in reply…

b. elliptical for beg leave at sense 3a.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > permit [verb (intransitive)] > ask permission

beg leave1604

beg1767

1767 J. Wilkes Corr. (1805) III. 197 I shall very soon beg to call the public attention to some points of national importance.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 29 Oct. 7/3 You say, ‘I beg to take exception’, which, of course, is not English at all. You mean, ‘I beg (leave) to take exception’.

c. Also elliptical in epistolary formulas of goodwill: to desire to send, to offer.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > correspondence > sending items > send items [verb (transitive)] > desire to send compliments or regards

beg1755

1755 H. Walpole Let. 7 Jan. (1903) III. 277 He would..beg his compliments to Miss Montagu.

1816 A. Constable Let. 9 July in J. Constable Corr. (1962) 137 I am glad to hear so good an account of Miss B's health, I beg best regards.

1836 C. Dickens Let. 27 Feb. (1965) I. 134 Begging my best remembrances to Mrs. Thomson.

1839 C. Dickens Let. ?Apr. (1965) I. 546 Begging my best compliments at home.

†4. In Anglo-Norman and probably also in English ‘begger to beg’ was used euphemistically in sense of ‘exact as a benevolence’.

ΚΠ

1292 Britton i. xxii. §11 Et de ceux qi coillent garbes en Aust, agneus et purceus, et issi vount begaunt, et les fount norir en lour baillies al grevaunce del people.

1292 Britton i. xxii. §15 Touz nos autres, qe gentz de religioum et autres gentz grevent..par begger [v.r. beguigner] merrym ou fustz ou autre chose a eus.

†a. to beg a person: to petition the Court of Wards (established by Henry VIII, and suppressed under Charles II) for the custody of a minor, an heiress, or a feeble-minded person, as feudal superior or as having interest in the matter; hence also (figurative) to beg (any one) for a fool or idiot: to take him for, set him down as, a fool. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > hold in contempt [verb (transitive)] > as a fool

to beg (any one) for a fool or idiot1587

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > carry on or institute (an action) [verb (transitive)] > petition for custody

to beg a person1587

1587 D. Fenner Def. Godlie Ministers sig. Hii Then would you haue proued vs asses, not begged vs..for innocents.

1589 ‘M. Marprelate’ Hay any Worke for Cooper 71 It is time to begg the for a swagg.

1596 J. Harington New Disc. Aiax sig. E2^v He prooued a wiser man by muche, then hee that begged him.

1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) iii. i. 81 He may be begd for an ideot.

1636 W. Davenant Witts v. sig. K3 I feare you will Be begg'd at Court, unlesse you come off thus.

1639 J. Mayne Citye Match ii. vi And that a great man Did mean to beg you for—his daughter.

1696 E. Stillingfleet 12 Serm. ii. 59 That we may not therefore seem to beg all wicked men for fools.

1736 Ld. Hervey Mem. II. 143 Moyle either deserved to be..begged for a fool, or hanged for a knave.

b. to beg off (transitive, and intransitive for reflexive): to obtain by entreaty the release of (any one), or of oneself, from a penalty, or liability.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)] > obtain or acquire in a certain way > by asking, entreaty, or importunity > the release of

to beg off1740

1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 292 What, said she, is the Creature begging me off from Insult?

1854 E. Ruskin Let. 28 Feb. in M. Lutyens Millais & Ruskins (1967) 145 What does John do but..say that he wishes to beg off to dine with his Father and Mother.

a1884 Mod. He promised at first to go with us, but he has since begged off.

1966 Amer. Speech 41 174 He begged off because he had just moved from his librarianship at Kassel.

6. To take for granted without warrant; esp. in to beg the question: to take for granted the matter in dispute, to assume without proof.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > logical argument > [verb (intransitive)] > beg the question

to beg the question1581

1581 W. Charke in A. Nowell et al. True Rep. Disput. E. Campion (1584) iv. sig. F f iij I say this is still to begge the question.

1680 Bp. G. Burnet Some Passages Life Rochester (1692) 82 This was to assert or beg the thing in Question.

1687 E. Settle Refl. Dryden's Plays 13 Here hee's at his old way of Begging the meaning.

1788 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic v. §3. 118 Begging the question is when the thing to be proved is assumed in the premises.

1852 H. Rogers Eclipse of Faith (ed. 2) 251 Many say it is begging the point in dispute.

1870 F. C. Bowen Logic ix. 294 The vulgar equivalent for petitio principii is begging the question.

7. To make (one's way) begging.

ΚΠ

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. xliv. 38 To-morrow we will beg our way to some quiet part of the country.

Draft additions September 2013

intransitive. figurative. Usually with for or infinitive. In humorous or ironic use: (of a person or, more often, a thing) to be, or appear to be, in pressing need of something; to urgently demand or call for some treatment or action. Cf. ask v. Phrases 13.

ΚΠ

1888 Now & Then Sept. 22/2 Plenty of water—pure, cold, soft and sparkling—is just begging to be brought to town.

1913 Lippincott's Monthly Mag. Dec. 767 So many of 'em [sc. New Yorkers] just begging to be stripped that there 's hardly enough thieves to go round.

1924 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 25 Feb. 6/5 The English Breakfast was a terribly dull..thing, and begged for the brightening influence of fruits.

1951 Life 4 June 24 (advt.) Eight inviting varieties [of cheese spread] begging to be tasted!

1960 F. Yerby Gillian 74 Subconsciously, he wanted to suffer; he was fairly begging to be punished for murdering his father.

1987 Changing Times June 61/1 The [Mercedes] 300TD is as solid as a tank. On the road, it begs to be driven hard and accelerates well.

2000 J. Pemberton Forever & Ever Amen xiii. 83 The egg..with its top open showing..golden yolk all runny and yummy, begging to be dunked.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	beg
释义	† begn.¹ Forms: Also 1600s becg. Etymology: < Osmanli beg ‘prince, governor,’ now pronounced as bey : see bey n., and compare begum n. Obsolete. A bey. Now only used as part of Eastern names. beg beg = beglerbeg n. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > for foreign persons of rank bashawa1535 altesse1559 monseigneur1561 sheikh1577 naik1588 bey1589 altezza1595 kamia1601 illustrissimo1623 donshipc1626 pasha1648 Rao1665 hospodar1684 beg1686 burra sahiba1827 inkosi1835 gospodar1847 Mgr1848 Rai Bahadur1871 Rai Sahib1905 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > governors by country > [noun] > Ottoman or Turkish sanjakbey1524 bashawa1535 sanjak1546 beglerbeg1586 bey1589 kehaya1594 kaimakam1645 pasha1648 hospodar1684 beg1686 vali1753 wali1811 gospodar1847 mutasarrif1873 1686 London Gaz. No. 2198/3 The Grand Visier had sent a Becg..to desire a treaty. 1687 London Gaz. No. 2285/2 The Beg Beg that commanded there..yielded at Discretion. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India I. iii. i. 492 Togrul Beg..offered himself as a leader and a bond of union to the Turks. Derivatives beglic n. (also beglik, begluc) province of a bey, beylic n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > territory under a governor or official > [noun] > under a bey beglic1614 beylic1744 beydom1860 beylicat1884 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 377 Beg is Lord..and Begluc is the Dignitie of the [Beg]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2021). begn.² Etymology: < beg v. a. An act of begging. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > [noun] > begging > act or instance of beg1814 panhandle1894 stem1914 the mind > language > speech > request > [noun] > earnest request or entreaty > beseeching or importuning beseechinga1350 suit1372 beggingc1380 pursuita1393 supplicationa1393 cravingc1430 entreating1525 solicitation1533 entreatance1548 precation1548 suiting1560 soliciting1570 imploration1575 importuning1582 implore1590 suing1591 treating1595 exoration1610 implorement1611 imploring1611 suppliance?1611 importunement1665 solicitancy1665 beseechmenta1680 instancing1736 suppliancy1812 beg1814 clamouring1884 opportuning1972 1814 J. Mayne Jrnl. 13 Sept. (1909) iii. 60 This was an invocation to some saint for a prosperous beg. 1912 Gambier-Parry Alleg. of Land iv. 134 Letters simply mean begs, bothers, and bills. 1920 Punch 30 June 508/1 Agenda and minutes and constituents' grievances, and charitable appeals and ordinary begs. b. spec. in All Fours (U.S. Seven-up) (see beg v. 2h). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [noun] > all fours > begging beg1897 1897 R. F. Foster Compl. Hoyle 289 [article Seven-up] No second beg is allowed, but when only two play, if either player is dissatisfied with the new trump he may propose to bunch the cards. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online September 2021). begv. Brit. /bɛɡ/, U.S. /bɛɡ/ Forms: Middle English beggen, Middle English–1600s begge, Middle English–1500s begg, 1500s (Scottish) bayg, Middle English– beg. Etymology: Of uncertain origin.The notion that beg had to do with the bag carried by a beggar, as if he were a ‘bagger,’ finds no etymological corroboration. The Flemish beggen appealed to by Littré under Beguin has no existence (Cosijn). Mr. H. Sweet has suggested that Middle English beggen might be worn down from the rare Old English bedecian ‘to beg,’ found once (in Past. Care), and obscurely connected with Gothic bidagwa ‘beggar,’ < bidjan ‘to ask, beg.’ This has much to recommend it; but the phonetic connection of beggen and bedecian is by no means established, and there is the serious historical difficulty that no connecting links are to be found, there being no trace of the word in any form between K. Ælfred's bedecian before 900 and the regular use of the modern beg and beggar in the 13th cent. Perhaps the most likely derivation is from the Old French begart , begard , and begar , medieval Latin begardus = Beghard n., or its synonym beguin , Beguine n.¹, and derivative verb beguigner , beguiner ‘to act the beguin.’ It is known that the Beghards or Beguins were, or soon became, a lay mendicant order, and that in the 13th cent. mendicants calling themselves, or called, by these names, swarmed over Western Europe, ‘laici, qui sub prætextis cujusdam religionis fictæ Begardos se appellant..qui extra religionem approbatam validam mendicantes discurrunt’ (Council of Treves 1310). It is notable that in one of the two passages where Britton has Anglo-Norman begger to beg (see 4 above), the reading of two 14th cent. manuscripts is beguigner, showing that this was at any rate identical in sense with ‘beg.’ So also we find in Sym. de Hesdin a1380 (Godefroy), ‘il n'y eust pas tant de begars et de begardes qui mengassent leur pain en oiseuse’ (there would not have been so many begards, male and female, to eat their bread in idleness), which strongly suggests the English beggar. About this time the words beggare and beggen arose in English: the exact process of their formation, and their actual relation to each other can only be conjectured: possibly begg-en was shortened < beguin-er, possibly it was taken < begg-are, and this directly < Old French begar above. The -are of the Ancren Riwle proves nothing, being the regular agent ending, as seen in bacbitare, demare, reuare, etc. 1. To ask alms or by way of alms. a. transitive. To ask (bread, money, etc.) in alms or as a charitable gift; to procure (one's living) by begging. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > beg [verb (transitive)] beg?c1225 thigc1300 emendicate1611 mang1811 bum1863 schnorr1892 panhandle1894 yegg1916 ding1935 mump- ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 263 Scheome ich cleopie eauer her..beggen as an harlot..his liuenað. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. vi. 195 Blynde and bedreden..þat seten to begge silver. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 28/2 Beggyn bodely fode. c1500 Bk. Mayd Emlyn xxvii, in Poet. Tracts (Percy Soc.) 28 Longe or she were dede, She wente to begge her brede. 1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xxxvii. 25 Yet haue I not seene the righteous forsaken, nor his seede begging bread. View more context for this quotation 1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel i. Introd. 4 He begged his bread from door to door. b. intransitive. To ask alms; esp. to ask alms habitually, to live by asking alms. Const. absol.; of, from, formerly at, a person; for alms. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > beg or be beggar [verb (intransitive)] thigc1300 begc1384 crave1393 to go a-begged1393 prowl1530 to go (or have been) a begging1535 maund?1536 to bear the wallet1546 cant1567 prog1579 to turn to bag and wallet1582 skelder1602 maunder1611 strike1618 emendicate1623 mendicate1623 to go a-gooding1646 mump1685 shool1736 cadge1819 to stand pad1841 stag1860 bum1870 schnorr1875 panhandle1894 pling1915 stem1924 nickel-and-dime1942 c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care 284 Hit is swiðe wel be ðæm gecweden ðæt he eft bedecige on sumera, & him mon ðonne noht ne selle.] c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John ix. 8 Thei that hadden seyn hym byfore..seiden, Wher this is not he, that sat, and beggide? 1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 4 Ther wente a lymytour aboute To preche and eek to begge. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4708 Þai war sa fele þat begand [Fairf. beggande] yode. a1450 York Myst., Barbers 8 What riche man gose from dore to dore To begge at hym þat has right noght. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 446/1 I begge for the guylde of saynt Anthonye. 1555 J. Heywood Two Hundred Epigrammes with Thyrde sig. B.ii Thou begst at a wronge dore, and so hast begde longe. 1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) ix. xlvii. 220 Fring'd and ymbroidred Petticoats now begge [i.e. are worn by beggars]. 1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles iv. 41 Those pallats..Would now be glad of bread and beg for it. View more context for this quotation a1617 S. Hieron Penance for Sinne in Wks. (1620) II. 392 We haue an ordinary saying..‘They which begge must not choose.’ 1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. Sept. (1965) I. 438 While the post horses are chang'd, the whole town comes out to beg. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. I. i. 74 Licences to beg were at that time granted. 2. transferred. To ask as a favour or act of grace; hence to ask humbly, earnestly, supplicatingly; to crave, entreat. (With many const.: cf. ask v.) a. transitive. Const. of, from (formerly at). Also in colloquial phrase to beg, borrow, or steal. The early instances are closely connected with sense 1. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > render instrumental [verb (transitive)] > find means to beg, borrow, or stealc1386 1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iii. 149 Beggith and borwith of burgeis in tounes Ffurris of ffoyne, and oþer felle-ware. 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3219 Þai may nathyng begg ne borowe, To help þam, þat þai war out broght [of purgatory].] c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 6 Thou most for Indigence Or stele, or begge, or borwe thy dispence. 1526 Pilgr. Perf. (1531) The miserable nature of man..beggeth and craueth of god socour and relefe.1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Matt. xxvii. 58 Ioseph..went to Pilate and begged the body of Iesus.1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream i. i. 41 I beg the auncient priuiledge of Athens. View more context for this quotation1605 Bk. Com. Prayer, Gunpowd. Tr. All which we humbly beg for the sake of our blessed Lord and Saviour.1667 S. Pepys Diary 14 Feb. (1974) VIII. 61 All the world will believe, that we do go to beg a peace.1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 168. ⁋11 I beg the Favour of you..to send us Word.1746 H. Walpole Corr. 12 June I have three favours to beg of you.1752 C. Lennox Female Quixote I. ii. ix. 116 She refused to give him a glorious scarf which she wore, though he begged it on his knees.1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy III. xxxviii. 177 He has taken in, Sir, the whole subject..—begging, borrowing, and stealing, as he went along.1794 F. Burney Let. 22 Mar. (1905) V. 240 He has been drawing a plan for it, which I intend to beg, borrow, or steal (all one), to give you some idea how seriously he studies.1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes iii. 146 The Florentines begged back his [sc. Dante's] body..the Ravenna people would not give it.1859 Macmillan's Mag. Dec. 118/1 Not because they want to beg, borrow, or steal thoughts which are not theirs. b. absol. or intransitive; with same const. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > beseech or implore beseech?c1225 praya1250 plead1340 pursuec1390 implore?a1513 perplead1581 entreat1593 beg1598 oratec1600 contest1607 deprecate1626 imprecatea1645 obtest1650 prig1700 special-plead1814 plea1868 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 207 How I would make him fawne, and begge, and seeke. View more context for this quotation 1609 J. Skene tr. Stat. Robert II in Regiam Majestatem 48 Na Schiref..sall dar or presume to begge..fra the inhabitants of the cuntrie. 1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. i. 19 Apollo's awful Ensigns grace his Hands: By these he begs. 1845 T. Hood Last Man xxxvii In vain My desperate fancy begs. c. To beg for a thing. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > for something bid971 aska1200 seekc1366 cravec1386 entreat1427 inquire?a1513 beg1576 incall1591 urgea1616 woo1615 clamour1651 to call on ——1721 tout1731 spell1790 1576 A. Fleming tr. J. Caius Of Eng. Dogges 35 Dogges..are taught..to begge for theyr meate. 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus i. i. 452 Kneele in the streets and begge for grace in vaine. View more context for this quotation 1649 E. Reynolds Israels Prayer (new ed.) iii. 11 I must..begge for pardon. 1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People (1882) iv. §3. 177 Single-handed [he] forced him to beg for mercy. d. To beg to do a thing, or that a thing may be. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > to do or have a thing ask?c1400 require1479 request1565 beg1576 1576 F. Thynne Let. 19 Mar. in Animaduersions (1875) p. lvi I most humbly..do submytt my cause & my selfe, begginge, uppon the knees of my harte, to come before your Lordship. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vii. 313 On my knees I beg, That you'l vouchsafe me rayment, bed and food. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. i. 72 I should haue begg'd I might haue bene employd. View more context for this quotation 1656 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa V. iii. iv. 208 I passionately begg'd to wait upon him. 1767 J. Wilkes Corr. (1805) III. 197 I shall very soon beg to call the public attention to some points of national importance. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 613 Shrewsbury begged that..he might be appointed. †e. To beg of a person for a thing. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > to, of, or upon someone clepec825 cryc1290 to pray (one) of a boon1393 to call on ——a1400 to seek on (also upon)a1400 to call upon ——c1405 sue1405 supplicate1417 peala1425 labour1442 to make suit1447–8 supply1489 suit1526 appeal1540 apply1554 incalla1572 invocate1582 beg1600 palaver1859 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 109 If she be by, Begge of her, for remedy. View more context for this quotation f. To beg of (formerly at) a person to do a thing, or that a thing may be. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > to, of, or upon someone > to do something bega1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) v. ii. 236 He beg'd of me to steale it. View more context for this quotation 1665 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 174 Our prisoners..beg at us, as a mercy, to knock them on the head. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xxi. 154 I must beg of you to print a few lines, in explanation. 1799 R. Southey Eng. Eclogues in Poet. Wks. (1838) III. 35 [He] would come..and beg of me To tell him stories of his ancestors. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Dora in Poems (new ed.) II. 38 I will beg of him to take thee back. g. transitive. To beg a person to do a thing. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > beseech or implore beseechc1175 ofsechec1300 praya1350 praya1387 supply?c1400 treatc1450 entreatc1475 solicitate1563 bepray1598 exore1598 exorate1599 implorea1616 deprecate1624 beg1675 implead1682 fleech1718 impetrate1881 the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > a person to do something crave?c1225 seek1362 requirec1380 aska1400 require1415 to call upon ——a1450 will?1457 requestc1485 bespeaka1616 beg1675 1675 Earl of Shaftesbury Let. Person of Qual. 5 He beg'd me to consider..whether in such a case, [etc.] 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 117. ¶5 I beg'd my friend Sir Roger to go with me. 1778 ‘H. Bowman’ Trav. 266 I begged him to explain himself. 1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People (1882) iii. §5. 142 The king..begged him to write the story of the day's proceedings. h. Cards. In All Fours (U.S. Seven-up), to ask for a point, or three additional cards and a new trump (said of the elder hand). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [verb (transitive)] > actions in specific games > in all fours beg1793 1793 Sporting Mag. 2 160/1 The Duke of York and Lord Barrymore were playing the game of All Fours... The Duke..overlooked his cards, and..begged one, which was granted, though he held the ace, deuce, and jack of trumps. 1800 E. Hoyle & C. Jones Hoyle's Games Improved 308 The Game of All-Fours... If the eldest [hand] don't like his cards, he may, for once in a hand, say, I beg, when the dealer must either give a point or three more cards to each..player. 1890 M. E. Ryan Told in Hills 255 Why, you are begging on a full hand, Mister. 1897 R. F. Foster Compl. Hoyle 289 If the eldest hand is not satisfied, he says: I beg; and the dealer, after examining his own hand, has the option of giving him a point or running the cards. 1897 R. F. Foster Compl. Hoyle 290 Begging is resorted to by a player who holds no trumps. i. Said of a dog trained to sit up and hold up its fore paws when told to beg. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [verb (intransitive)] > act in particular way fawna1250 stoop?1530 kennel1552 fetch-and-carrya1616 to cock one's ears1714 beg1816 toll1851 trust1939 1816 Sporting Mag. 48 23/2 He began to teach me [sc. a puppy] to beg, and to fetch and carry. 1837 J. Prior Life Goldsmith II. 33 Teaching a favourite dog to sit upright upon its haunches, or as is commonly said, to beg. 1854 J. G. Wood Sketches Animal Life 98 Four cats..had taught themselves the art of begging like a dog... They waited until they saw the dog sit up in the begging position, and immediately assumed the same attitude. 1884 Cent. Mag. Dec. 198/2 To squat back and raise his front legs from the ground, much in the position of a ‘begging’ poodle. 1927 E. V. Lucas More I see of Men iv. 32 He begs even when there is no meal in progress. 3. a. In beg pardon, beg excuse, beg leave, etc.: beside the strict sense as in 2, the whole expression is often merely a courteous or apologetic mode of asking what is expected, or even of taking as a matter of course. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > permit [verb (intransitive)] > ask permission beg leave1604 beg1767 society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > forgiveness > grant forgiveness [verb (intransitive)] > ask forgiveness to cry (a person) mercyc1225 beg pardon1604 beg excuse1734 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. vii. 43 To morrow shall I begge leaue to see your kingly eyes. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. v. 6 Falls not the axe vpon the humbled neck, But first begs pardon. View more context for this quotation 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 74. ¶2 I must however beg Leave to dissent from so great an Authority. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 74. ⁋15 I shall only beg Pardon for such a Profusion of Latin Quotations. 1734 I. Watts Reliquiæ Juveniles lxxvi. 343 In the Business of Transubstantiation, he begs your Excuse. 1754 Earl of Chatham Lett. to Nephew (1804) iv. 22 There is likewise a particular attention required to contradict with good manners; such as, begging pardon, begging leave to doubt, and such like phrases. 1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 21 You begged my pardon. 1887 N.E.D. at Beg Mod. I beg your pardon; I did not quite catch what you said. I have received your letter, and beg leave to say in reply… b. elliptical for beg leave at sense 3a. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > permit [verb (intransitive)] > ask permission beg leave1604 beg1767 1767 J. Wilkes Corr. (1805) III. 197 I shall very soon beg to call the public attention to some points of national importance. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 29 Oct. 7/3 You say, ‘I beg to take exception’, which, of course, is not English at all. You mean, ‘I beg (leave) to take exception’. c. Also elliptical in epistolary formulas of goodwill: to desire to send, to offer. ΘΚΠ society > communication > correspondence > sending items > send items [verb (transitive)] > desire to send compliments or regards beg1755 1755 H. Walpole Let. 7 Jan. (1903) III. 277 He would..beg his compliments to Miss Montagu. 1816 A. Constable Let. 9 July in J. Constable Corr. (1962) 137 I am glad to hear so good an account of Miss B's health, I beg best regards. 1836 C. Dickens Let. 27 Feb. (1965) I. 134 Begging my best remembrances to Mrs. Thomson. 1839 C. Dickens Let. ?Apr. (1965) I. 546 Begging my best compliments at home. †4. In Anglo-Norman and probably also in English ‘begger to beg’ was used euphemistically in sense of ‘exact as a benevolence’. ΚΠ 1292 Britton i. xxii. §11 Et de ceux qi coillent garbes en Aust, agneus et purceus, et issi vount begaunt, et les fount norir en lour baillies al grevaunce del people. 1292 Britton i. xxii. §15 Touz nos autres, qe gentz de religioum et autres gentz grevent..par begger [v.r. beguigner] merrym ou fustz ou autre chose a eus. 5. †a. to beg a person: to petition the Court of Wards (established by Henry VIII, and suppressed under Charles II) for the custody of a minor, an heiress, or a feeble-minded person, as feudal superior or as having interest in the matter; hence also (figurative) to beg (any one) for a fool or idiot: to take him for, set him down as, a fool. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > hold in contempt [verb (transitive)] > as a fool to beg (any one) for a fool or idiot1587 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > carry on or institute (an action) [verb (transitive)] > petition for custody to beg a person1587 1587 D. Fenner Def. Godlie Ministers sig. Hii Then would you haue proued vs asses, not begged vs..for innocents. 1589 ‘M. Marprelate’ Hay any Worke for Cooper 71 It is time to begg the for a swagg. 1596 J. Harington New Disc. Aiax sig. E2^v He prooued a wiser man by muche, then hee that begged him. 1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) iii. i. 81 He may be begd for an ideot. 1636 W. Davenant Witts v. sig. K3 I feare you will Be begg'd at Court, unlesse you come off thus. 1639 J. Mayne Citye Match ii. vi And that a great man Did mean to beg you for—his daughter. 1696 E. Stillingfleet 12 Serm. ii. 59 That we may not therefore seem to beg all wicked men for fools. 1736 Ld. Hervey Mem. II. 143 Moyle either deserved to be..begged for a fool, or hanged for a knave. b. to beg off (transitive, and intransitive for reflexive): to obtain by entreaty the release of (any one), or of oneself, from a penalty, or liability. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > acquisition > obtain or acquire [verb (transitive)] > obtain or acquire in a certain way > by asking, entreaty, or importunity > the release of to beg off1740 1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 292 What, said she, is the Creature begging me off from Insult? 1854 E. Ruskin Let. 28 Feb. in M. Lutyens Millais & Ruskins (1967) 145 What does John do but..say that he wishes to beg off to dine with his Father and Mother. a1884 Mod. He promised at first to go with us, but he has since begged off. 1966 Amer. Speech 41 174 He begged off because he had just moved from his librarianship at Kassel. 6. To take for granted without warrant; esp. in to beg the question: to take for granted the matter in dispute, to assume without proof. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > logical argument > [verb (intransitive)] > beg the question to beg the question1581 1581 W. Charke in A. Nowell et al. True Rep. Disput. E. Campion (1584) iv. sig. F f iij I say this is still to begge the question. 1680 Bp. G. Burnet Some Passages Life Rochester (1692) 82 This was to assert or beg the thing in Question. 1687 E. Settle Refl. Dryden's Plays 13 Here hee's at his old way of Begging the meaning. 1788 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic v. §3. 118 Begging the question is when the thing to be proved is assumed in the premises. 1852 H. Rogers Eclipse of Faith (ed. 2) 251 Many say it is begging the point in dispute. 1870 F. C. Bowen Logic ix. 294 The vulgar equivalent for petitio principii is begging the question. 7. To make (one's way) begging. ΚΠ 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. xliv. 38 To-morrow we will beg our way to some quiet part of the country. Draft additions September 2013 intransitive. figurative. Usually with for or infinitive. In humorous or ironic use: (of a person or, more often, a thing) to be, or appear to be, in pressing need of something; to urgently demand or call for some treatment or action. Cf. ask v. Phrases 13. ΚΠ 1888 Now & Then Sept. 22/2 Plenty of water—pure, cold, soft and sparkling—is just begging to be brought to town. 1913 Lippincott's Monthly Mag. Dec. 767 So many of 'em [sc. New Yorkers] just begging to be stripped that there 's hardly enough thieves to go round. 1924 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 25 Feb. 6/5 The English Breakfast was a terribly dull..thing, and begged for the brightening influence of fruits. 1951 Life 4 June 24 (advt.) Eight inviting varieties [of cheese spread] begging to be tasted! 1960 F. Yerby Gillian 74 Subconsciously, he wanted to suffer; he was fairly begging to be punished for murdering his father. 1987 Changing Times June 61/1 The [Mercedes] 300TD is as solid as a tank. On the road, it begs to be driven hard and accelerates well. 2000 J. Pemberton Forever & Ever Amen xiii. 83 The egg..with its top open showing..golden yolk all runny and yummy, begging to be dunked. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.¹1614n.²1814v.?c1225
随便看	to gasp for to gasp one's breath away to gasp one's last to gasp one's life away to gasp up the ghost to gather ground to gather head to gather heart of grace to gather in to gather in upon to gather into the wind to gather itself into to gather off to gather on to gather oneself to gather oneself together to gather out to gather over to gather root to gather samen to gather straws to gather the gauntlet to gather to a head to gather to store to gather together

† begn.1

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begv.

Draft additions September 2013

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