priestn.

Brit.

/priːst/, U.S.

/prist/

Forms: Old English præost (rare), Old English preostt (rare), Old English priost, Old English (in compounds) early Middle English (southern and south-west midlands) prost, Old English (Middle English chiefly southern and south-west midlands) preost, Old English (Northumbrian, in compounds) 1500s preast, Old English–1500s prest, early Middle English brost (southern, transmission error), early Middle English præst, early Middle English proest (southern and south-west midlands), early Middle English proste (south-west midlands), early Middle English pruest (south-west midlands), early Middle English (Middle English chiefly southern and south-west midlands) preoste, Middle English preaste (in a late copy), Middle English preetes (plural, transmission error), Middle English prefas (plural, transmission error), Middle English presth, Middle English preysttys (plural), Middle English prust (chiefly west midlands), Middle English–1500s preiste, Middle English–1500s preste, Middle English–1500s preyst, Middle English–1500s preyste, Middle English–1500s prist, Middle English–1500s priste, Middle English–1500s pryst, Middle English–1600s preest, Middle English–1600s preeste, Middle English–1600s preist, Middle English–1600s prieste, Middle English– priest, 1500s prisst, 1500s pryste, 1800s praste (Irish English), 1800s priesth (Irish English (Wexford)); Scottish pre-1700 preast, pre-1700 preist, pre-1700 preiste, pre-1700 prest, pre-1700 preste, pre-1700 preyst, pre-1700 preyste, pre-1700 prist, pre-1700 1700s– priest, pre-1700 1800s– preest.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin presbyter.

Etymology: Ultimately < post-classical Latin presbyter presbyter n., although the phonology is difficult to explain (for a summary of views see A. H. Feulner Die griechischen Lehnwörter im Altenglischen (2000) 312–3); perhaps via an unattested post-classical Latin form *prebester (see further K. Brunner E. Sievers's Altenglische Grammatik (ed. 3, 1965) §77 note 5). Compare Old Icelandic prestr, Old Swedish präster (Swedish präst), Danish præst, probably all < English, as perhaps also is Old High German priast. Compare also Old Frisian prēster, prēstere, Middle Dutch priester (Dutch priester), Old Saxon prēstar, prēster (Middle Low German prēster, preister, preyster, prīster), Old High German priester, priestar (Middle High German priester, prīster, prēster, German Priester), apparently independently derived from post-classical Latin presbyter via the disyllabic common Romance form that gave rise to Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French †prestre (early 12th cent.; also in Anglo-Norman as preste, preiste, pestre; compare Old French presbtre, Middle French prebstre, prebtre; French prêtre), Old Occitan prestre (12th cent.; Occitan prèstre), Spanish †prestre, preste (both c1230; < French or Occitan; now only in sense ‘presiding priest in concelebration’), Portuguese †preste (13th cent.); compare also ( < another variant of the post-classical Latin word) Italian prete (early 12th cent.).Etymologically priest represents Greek πρεσβύτερος , Latin presbyter , elder n.³; but by the late 2nd or early 3rd cent. a.d. (Tertullian), and thus long before the Latin or Romance word was taken into English, the Latin word sacerdos , originally, like Greek ἱερεύς , applied to the sacrificing priests of the heathen gods, and also, in the translations of the Scriptures, to the Jewish priests, had come to be applied to the Christian ministers also, and thus to be a synonym of presbyter (compare sacerdos n.). In Old English, Latin presbyter was usually represented by prēost ; Latin sacerdos , applied to a heathen or Jewish priest, was usually rendered by sacerd (regularly so in the Hexateuch, Psalms, and Gospels); sometimes, when applied to a Jewish or Christian priest, by prēost . Old English prēost was used as a generic term including all clergymen, not necessarily in priest's, or even deacon's, orders (compare sense 3); the fuller term mæsse-prēost mass-priest n. was often used to distinguish a priest in full orders, qualified to teach and celebrate mass (compare sense 1). By the early Middle English period, sacerd had become obsolete, and prest , like Old French prestre , became the current word alike for presbyter and sacerdos .1583 W. Fulke Def. Transl. Script. i. 15 Which distinction [of ἱερεύς and πρεσβύτερος] seeing the vulgar Latine texte doth alwaies rightly obserue, it is in fauour of your hereticall Sacrificing Priesthoode, that you corruptly translate Sacerdos and Presbyter alwayes, as though they were all one, a Priest.1827 R. Whately Elem. Logic 257 The term Ἱερεὺς does seem to have implied the office of offering sacrifice,..the term Priest is ambiguous, as corresponding to the terms Ἱερεὺς and πρεσβύτερος respectively, notwithstanding that there are points in which these two agree. These therefore should be reckoned, not two different kinds of Priests, but Priests in two different senses.1869 J. B. Lightfoot Epist. Philippians (ed. 2) 184 The word ‘priest’ has two different senses. In the one it is a synonyme for presbyter or elder, and designates the minister who presides over and instructs a Christian congregation: in the other it is equivalent to the Latin sacerdos, the Greek ἱερεύς, or the Hebrew כהן, the offerer of sacrifices, who also performs other mediatorial offices between God and man.1897 R. C. Moberly Ministerial Priesthood vii. §4. 291 The Church of England in her refusal to abandon the title ‘priests’ (by this time identified verbally with sacerdotes and ἱερεῖς). In sense 2b ultimately after biblical Hebrew kōhēn (Genesis 14:18, etc.; Hellenistic Greek ἱερεύς , post-classical Latin sacerdos ). In sense 9 probably after German Pfaffentaube (1888 or earlier).

I. A person whose office is to perform public religious functions.

1. In episcopal churches: an ordained minister ranking above a deacon and below a bishop, having authority to administer the sacraments and pronounce absolution.Historically representing Latin presbyter, but often including the sense of Latin sacerdos.See also sense 2a, and cf. sense 4.

a. With reference to the Western Church up to the time of the Reformation.Quot. lOE² is a late copy of a 7th-cent. legal code.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > [noun]

priesteOE

presbyterOE

sirec1290

beauperec1300

sirc1386

fatherhooda1393

fatherheada1434

paternity1439

pater1481

fathershipa1500

father1528

key-bearer?1531

key-keeper?1556

vicegerent1572

priestdom1588

sacerdosa1592

flasher1611

priesthooda1616

père1619

sacerdote1685

firekeeper1789

soggarth1836

priestship1868

soutane1890

joss-man1913

eOE Laws of Ælfred (Corpus Cambr. 173) xxi. 62 Gif preost [L. presbiter] oðerne mon ofslea,..hine biscep onhadige.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 656 Þær wæs Wilfrid preost, þe siððon wæs biscop.

lOE Laws of Æðelberht (Rochester) i. 3 Biscopes feoh xigylde. Preostes feoh ixgylde. Diacones feoh vigylde. Cleroces feoh iiigylde.

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 17 (MED) Þu scalt gan to bote and niman scrift þer of, al swa þe proest þe techet.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1 An preost wes on leoden, Laȝamon wes ihoten.

a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 75 Leueð on ure loue[r]d crist & lereð prestes lore.

c1330 in T. Wright Polit. Songs Eng. (1839) 328 (MED) And if the parsoun have a prest of a clene lyf..Shal comen a daffe and putte him out.

c1400 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 367 (MED) Þei sey þat iche bischop and prest may lawfully leeve hor first dignyte and after be a frere.

c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 3 Prestis þat bene lewyd in here leuyng.

?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 195 (MED) Preostes..shulden ben lyȝt of heuenly lif to alle men.

c1450 MS Douce 52 in Festschrift zum XII. Neuphilologentage (1906) 53 (MED) Thow shall do as þe preste says but not as þe preste doos.

1483 in F. W. Weaver Somerset Medieval Wills (1901) 240 (MED) I woll that my executours fynde an honest seculer prest to syng for my soule.

c1540 Pilgrim's Tale 54 in F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) App. i. 78 Benet..Was a brother & no pryst.

1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa i. iii. 68 And from hence was the original of Bishops, Priests, Deacons, and Cardinals; there being several Titles and Cardinal Churches in Rome, the Priests that were Rectors over them, were call'd Cardinal Priests.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. Introd. iv. 111 Every man was at liberty to contribute his tithes to whatever priest or church he pleased, provided only that he did it to some.

1806 J. Lingard Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church II. vii. 20 The seventh order (that of the priesthood) was subdivided into two classes of bishops who possessed it in all its plenitude, and of priests.

1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. viii. §85. 227 As the kingdom and shire were the natural sphere of the bishop, so was the township of the single priest.

1962 G. Williams Welsh Church from Conquest to Reformation ix. 335 The Ten Commandments..constituted the very minimum which every medieval priest had for centuries been required to teach his people.

1995 J. Hatcher & E. Miller Medieval England: Towns, Commerce, & Crafts vi. 389 Jews were..obliged to pay tithes to the priest of the parish in which they lived.

b. With reference to the Churches of the Orthodox tradition, and other Eastern Churches.

ΚΠ

?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Di Preestis grekes myght haue wyfis which to preestis latens was forboden.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 164 This place belongeth to the Georgians: whose Priests are poore, and accept of almes. No other nation say Masse on that altar.

1725 J. Henley tr. B. de Montfaucon Antiq. Italy (ed. 2) 56 A Priest..open'd the Doors of the Sanctuary, which the Greek call the Holy of Holies.

1870 Jrnl. Anthropol. Soc. 8 p. cxxviii The Scoptsis reject the authority of the orthodox church, and call it Babylonian. They reject the eucharist, and hold baptism to be of no value when received from an orthodox priest.

1900 Catholic World Apr. 24 An ‘Orthodox’ priest who bore the distinguishing title of ‘Prothierevs’ or ‘Protopapas’, that is, ‘chief priest’.

1978 M. Doak Orthodox Church iv. 45 Priests must marry before being ordained, unless they have already agreed to remain single.

c. With reference to the Church of England since the Reformation and, subsequently, other churches of the Anglican communion.In the 19th cent. more prominent in English regional (northern) use, but now particularly associated with High Church and Anglo-Catholic circles.

ΚΠ

1549 Forme & Maner consecratyng Archebishoppes sig. Hiij^v The Bishop with the Priestes presente shall laye their handes seuerally vpon the heade of euery one that receaueth orders.

1652 (title) A priest to the temple; or the character of a country parson. By G. Herbert.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1652 (1955) III. 60 It being now a very rare thing to find a Priest of the Church of England in a Parish pulpet, most of them fill'd with Independents & Phanatics.

1706 A. Bedford Temple Musick iv. 78 Our not admitting Priests until Four and Twenty Years old, is an Argument.

1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion vii. 324 You, Sir, know that in a neighbouring Vale A Priest abides before whose life such doubts Fall to the ground.

1833 Tracts for Times No. 5. 11 The Priests and Deacons (whom we usually class together under the common name of Clergymen).

1887 ‘M. Wetheral’ Two North-country Maids xxiv Mr. Northcote they called the priest, and a real good gentleman he was.

1955 Times 9 May 13/1 In 1908 he was awarded the Syriac Prize and was ordained priest.

1994 National Art Collections Fund: Ann. Rev. 1993 29 Apr. 111/1 (caption) Vesting priest with apparelled amis.

d. With reference to the Roman Catholic Church since the Reformation.

ΚΠ

1553 in tr. S. Gardiner De Vera Obedientia Pref. sig. A8 To have a popping popishe priest to pattre he nether woteth what nor ye people that heare him?

1587 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 233 Jesuitis or seminarie preistis.

1631 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 197 A petition to the Court in behalf of a Popish priest, a prisoner.

1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 228 He feareth neither proud Priest, Antichristian Pope, Tyrannous Prelate, nor godless Catercap.

1721 Mass. House of Representatives Jrnl. 3 117 Resolved,..that Monsieur Rallee, and any other French Priest Residing among them [sc. the Indians], be seized, secured, and sent to Boston.

1797 R. M. Roche Children of Abbey I. xvii. 309 They had assembled a number of their neighbours, among whom were a little fat priest, called Father O'Gallaghan, considered the life of every party.

1826 W. Scott Woodstock III. iv. 96 You are not, I apprehend, either a Catholic priest or a Scotch Mass-John, to claim devoted obedience from your hearers.

1841 J. L. Stephens Incidents Trav. Central Amer. I. i. 24 A Roman Catholic priest..on his way to Guatimala by invitation of the provesor, by the exile of the archbishop the head of the church.

1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) 564/2 Missionary priests, such as those in England and Scotland, are mere delegates of the bishop without cure of souls in the strict sense.

1901 Macmillan's Mag. 414/2 In every Catholic parish the priest is at the very heart of things.

2002 Daily Tel. 2 Sept. 18/2 George Spencer was an Anglican vicar, who became a Catholic priest and took the name of Ignatius on joining the Passionists in gratitude for help given him by the Jesuits.

2. spec. A person deputed to offer sacrifice; a minister of the altar. Cf. mass-priest n.

a. In the Christian church: an ordained minister who officiates at the Eucharist and certain other liturgical services.Typically coinciding in denotation with sense 1, but with reference to a distinctive liturgical function.Quot. lOE is a late copy of a 7th-cent. legal code.

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society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > celebrating mass

mass-priesteOE

masserOE

priestOE

rood priest1516

massing priest1554

missara1560

sacrificer1563

Christ-maker1571

sacrificule1604

conficient1614

celebrant1624

missalian1624

missalist1624

waiter at the altar1648

altar-thegn1720

president1945

OE Wulfstan Canons of Edgar (Corpus Cambr.) (1972) xxxi. 8 We lærað þæt preost huru æfre ne mæssige buton onufan gehalgodon weofode.

lOE Laws of Wihtræd (Rochester) xviii. 13 Preost hine clænsie sylfæs soþe in his halgum hrægle ætforan wiofode... Swylce diacon hine clænsie.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Royal) 38 Hwen þe preost inwið þe messe noteð godes licome.

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 733 An prostes upe londe singeþ.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 28137 And oft als haue i me wit-draun Til vncuth pryst, and fra myn aun, Mi scrift i lette til hym to scau, Þat he schuld noght my thoghtes knau.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 6942 A preste sange at ane altere.

1466 Inventory in Archaeologia (1887) 50 37 A hole sute of vestments..for prest dekyn and sudekyn.

1521 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 4 To a preiste to syng for my saull.

1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxix^v Then shall thys generall Confession bee made..by one of the ministers, or by the prieste hymselfe.

1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxix^v Here the priest shall turne hym toward those that come to the holy Communion, and shall saye. You that do truly [etc.].

1657 A. Sparrow Rationale Bk. Common Prayer (1684) 340 In respect of this Sacrifice of the Eucharist, the Ancients have usually call'd those that offer it up, Priests.

1720 H. Bilton Hist. Eng. Martyrs 6 He would never, while he lived, believe that any Priest could make the Body of Christ sacramentally.

a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 409 It is necessary the priest should call down his very body crucified upon the cross into the bread; which must be transubstantiated thereinto, or consubstantiated therewith.

1858 J. H. Blunt (title) The Position of the Priest at the Altar.

1870 J. H. Blunt Dict. Sects 591 The chief sacerdotal function of the Christian priest is to offer up on behalf of the people the Eucharistic Sacrifice.

1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) 691 It is the office of a priest, according to the Pontifical, ‘to offer, bless, rule, preach, and baptise’. First, he is empowered to offer that sacrifice of the Mass which is the centre of all the Church's worship... He succeeds the Jewish ‘elder’ as well as the Jewish priest. Hence he is called ἱερεὺς and sacerdos—i.e. ‘sacrificing priest’, but also presbyter—i.e. ‘elder’.

1943 Times 3 Apr. 2/5 The historic fact is that the episcopate has been regarded as the necessary ordainer of a priest, and a priest the necessary consecrator of the Eucharist.

2004 Church Times 16 Apr. 15/1 The service was led by a priest in surplice, scarf and hood, and holy communion was administered to the congregation as we remained seated in our pews.

b. In ancient Hebrew religion: a member of a hereditary order of ministers having the function of offering sacrifices.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > sacrificial

priestOE

sacrifiera1382

sacrificer1547

sacrificulist1652

OE Vitellius Psalter xcviii. 6 Moyses et aaron in sacerdotibus eius : on preosttum uel on biscopum his.

OE Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Corpus Cambr. 557) in Medium Ævum (1940) 9 84 Asprang þær fyr..& forbærnde s[ixtig] manna..& ðone preost forð mid.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 466 He [Zacaryas]..wass..God prest. & godd full cweme.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 89 (MED) Swo hatte þe þrop þe preste one wunien.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 899 Melchisedech, salames king... He was boðen king and prest... Summe seiden ðat it was sem, Ðis prest and king of salem.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 5584 Of [iudas] com kinges..And of his broþer leui bredd, þe pristes þat þair lagh ledd.

?c1430 (?1382) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 517 (MED) Þere sacrifises shulden not be ȝoven to him but taken fro him, as God comaundeþ from þe heyȝe prest, Hely.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xv. 6 Þe possessioun of prestes & dekens in þe ald laghe was god.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Exod. xxxi. 10 The mynistrynge vestimentes of Aaron y^e prest.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxviii. 235 Because the most eminent part both of Heathnish and Iewish seruice did consist in sacrifice, when learned men declare what the word Priest doth properly signifie according to the mind of the first imposer of that name their ordinarie Scholies doe well expound it to imply sacrifice.

1611 Bible (King James) John xix. 21 Then said the chiefe Priests [Gk. ἀρχιερεῖς, L. pontifices, Wyclif bischops, Tindale to Geneva hye prestis, Rhem. cheefe priests] of the Iewes to Pilate, Write not, The king of the Iewes.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 353 Factious they [sc. Israelites] grow; But first among the Priests dissension springs, Men who attend the Altar.

1761 J. Parsons Thirty Lect. Princ. Christian Relig. 66 He is hurried I say, from one Judgment Seat to another; from the chief Priest's to Pilate, thence to Herod; from him back to Pilate again.

1860 J. Gardner Faiths World II. 713 It was the duty of the priests to serve at the altar, preparing the victims for sacrifice, and offering them up on the altar.

1901 Encycl. Biblica II. 2052 Before the Exile there were..differences of rank among the priests; but the chief priest was only primus inter pares; even Ezekiel knows no high priest in the sense of the Priestly Code.

1994 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 2 Apr. The local priests decided He was guilty of blasphemy, because He called Himself King of the Jews.

(a) Applied to Christ in his sacrificial or mediatorial character. Cf. high priest n. 1b.After Hebrews 5:6, 7:15–21.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun] > according to other attributes

horn of salvation (health)c825

fatherOE

sun of righteousnessOE

priestc1175

leecha1200

vinec1315

apostlec1382

amenc1384

shepherdc1384

the Wisdom of the Father1402

high priest1526

pelican1526

mediatora1530

reconcilerc1531

branch1535

morning star1535

surety1535

vicar1651

arch-shepherd1656

hierarch1855

particularity1930

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 345 Þatt streon..wass allmahhȝ godd & king off alle kingess. & preost off alle preostess ec.

c1250 in Englische Studien (1935) 70 238 (MED) Þeis þreo loic habit muchel nu tokeningke, Gold þat he sal bein kinc ouer alle kinkes, stoir, he sal bein prest.

c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 52 Cryst kedde þat he hys a prest Ryȝt in double manere..Þat oþer Þo he an rode offrede hys body For ous.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. vii. 17 Thou art a prest into withouten ende, vp the ordre of Melchisedech.

?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 153 (MED) The childe xal be chosyn a preste.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xix. 1 Þe prophet spekis of crist as of a prest, that sall offire.

1581 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xliv. 6 The Kirk of Christ, our Preist and King.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 25 See Father,..these Sighs And Prayers..I thy Priest before thee bring.

1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 1299 That Individual humanity which as our Priest be offer'd up for us on the Cross.

1719 I. Watts Psalms of David 291 Jesus our Priest for ever lives To plead for us above.

1864 E. R. Charles Chronicles of Schonberg-Cotta Family 289 Christ he knew already as the Confessor and Priest; the Holy Spirit as the personal teacher through His own Word.

1897 Chicago Advance 2 Dec. 779/3 The Gospel also is in danger..from partialism, because men do not fully realize what Christ is in his three offices of prophet, priest and king.

1901 C. Gore Body of Christ (1907) iii. §3. 192 This means that all our prayers and offerings have been united to the abiding sacrifice and offered by the Heavenly Priest.

1991 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 42 407 Perhaps the most important point that Weidner makes in his Introduction is his tracing of Newman's application to ecclesiology of the threefold office of Christ as Prophet, Priest and King.

(b) In extended use, applied to all Christian believers, and to the Christian Church.After Revelation 1:6.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > [noun] > person(s) having

ileaffulOE

leaffulc1225

trowing1303

priestc1350

levera1400

trowera1400

believer?a1425

acknowledger1560

professor1597

credent1626

affiera1641

faithfullist1653

bhakta1828

society > faith > sect > Christianity > person > [noun] > collective

holy churchc897

churcheOE

brideOE

ChristendomOE

Christ's churchOE

Christianitya1300

motherc1300

brotherheadc1384

Peter's bargea1393

Church of Christc1400

faithfulc1400

body of Christ?1495

congregation1526

husbandry1526

Peter's ship1571

mother church1574

St. Peter's ship1678

Peter's bark1857

Peter's boat1893

priest1897

c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 169 (MED) Þai shullen ben Iesu cristes prestes [Fr. prestre] & shullen regnen wiþ hym a þousande ȝer.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) Apoc. i. 6 Jhesu Crist..made us a kingdom, and prestes to God and to his fadir.

c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 25 (MED) Þou..hast made vs to God a kyngdom and prestes.

a1500 (c1380) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 467 (MED) Alle men in heuene shulen be prestis.

1539 Bible (Great) Exod. xix. 6 Ye shall be vnto me also a kyngdome of prestes & an holy people.]

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 287 Every man should come to that Altar, as holy as the Priest, for there he is a Priest.

1810 J. Benson Bible I. Exod. xix. 6 Thus all believers are, through Christ, made to our God kings and priests.

1897 R. C. Moberly Ministerial Priesthood vii. §2. 256 Then the Church is God's priest in the world and for the world.

2000 Commercial Appeal (Memphis, Tennessee) (Nexis) 11 June b1 They looked the established church in the eye and said all believers are priests, equally responsible for evangelism, service and discipleship.

3. More generally: a clergyman, a cleric; a minister of the Christian religion.In Old English often translating Latin clericus.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > [noun]

God's maneOE

priestOE

clerkc1050

secularc1290

vicary1303

minister1340

divinec1380

man of Godc1384

kirkmana1400

man of the churchc1400

cockc1405

Ecclesiastc1405

spiritual1441

ministrator1450

abbé1530

reverend1547

churchman1549

tippet-captain?1550

tippet knight1551

tippet man1551

public minister1564

reading minister1572

clergyman1577

clerk1577

padre1584

minstrel1586

spiritual1600

cleric1623

cassock1628

Levite1640

gownsman1641

teaching elder1642

ecclesiastic1651

religionist1651

crape1682

crape-gown-man1682

man in black1692

soul driver1699

secularist1716

autem jet1737

liturge1737

officiant1740

snub-devil1785

soul doctor1785

officiator1801

umfundisi1825

crape-man1826

clerical1837

God-man1842

Pfarrer1844

liturgist1848

white-choker1851

rook1859

shovel hat1859

sky pilot1865

ecclesiastical1883

joss-pidgin-man1886

josser1887

sin-shiftera1912

sin-buster1931

parch1944

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) vi. 57 Gemænes hades preostum [L. clerici extra sacros ordines constituti] is alyfed æfter ðæs halgan Gregorius tæcinge, þæt hi syferlice sinscipes brucon.

OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Corpus Oxf.) v. xvii. 454 He [sc. Wilfrid] wæs to preoste besceoren fram him [L. attonsus est ab eo]... Þa fyligde hine Wilfrið his preost & his hondþeng [L. secutus est Vilfrid clericus illius]... On þa tid..wæs Willfrið to mæssepreoste gehalgad [L. presbyter ordinatus est].

OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 164 Presbiter, messepreost. Sacerdos, sacerd uel cyrcþingere. Clericus, preost uel þingere.

OE tr. Theodulf of Orleans Capitula (Corpus Cambr.) xv. 321 Eac we beodað..þæt nænig mæssepreost oðres mæssepreostes preost ne wyrde, ne hyne ne spane [L. ut nullus uestrum alterius clericum sollicitet aut recipiat].

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 16011 Þu uindest ænne pape, preost mid þan bezste.

c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 2070 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 166 (MED) Seint thomas..answerede is fon, ‘Ich am here, godus preost.’

c1400 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 475 (MED) Þen Cristen prestis, disciples of Crist and servauntus of hym, schulden not be so grete worldly lordis aboven þer mayster.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 412 Preeste, sacerdos, presbiter, capellanus.

?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 98^v A Preste, capellanus..geronta [1483 BL Add. 89074 adds geron]..presbiter..turifex, phanista.

a1500 (c1380) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 475 (MED) He made hym lord of rome..& made hym & his cardenals ride in reed..so his prest shulde passe oþere.

1560 Bp. J. Pilkington Aggeus the Prophete sig. D j b They said it was neuer good worlde synce euery shoomaker could tel the priests duty.

1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre i. 6 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian For let Preists or private men speake as they are perswaded, I can say no other thing concerning God, but that he is absolutely good.

1661 F. Kirkman Presbyterian Lash Names Actors 2 Noctroffe a hot-headed Presbyterian Priest.

1705 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft 14 Priests of all Religions..are the Sticklers, and clap their Hands, and cry Hulloo.

1786 New Haven Gaz. 5 Oct. 267/2 The priest [sc. a married ‘minister’] took the hint.

1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab iv. 53 War is the statesman's game, the priest's delight.

1847 G. P. R. James Convict iv We are priests of different churches.

1873 M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma p. xiii Any imperfection or fallibility in the Bible..is the fault not of the people's want of culture, but of the priests and theologians, who for centuries have kept assuring the people that perfect and infallible the Bible is.

1951 Times 22 June 3/1 The article: ‘Should a Christian be a Freemason?’..was an attack on a brotherhood of princes and peers, priests and prelates.

1990 Bookseller 12 Oct. 1074/2 We all make mistakes, including priests, politicians, managers, trade union leaders, civil servants and people-in-the-street.

2000 Independent 7 Mar. ii. 6/4 In 1939, Evelyn Capel became one of the first women to be ordained priest in a modern Christian church; and the first woman in Britain to be ordained in the Christian Community, a movement for religious renewal.

†4. An elder in the early Christian church, esp. in New Testament times. Cf. presbyter n. 1b. Obsolete. rare.Chiefly in early translations of Greek πρεσβύτερος, Latin presbyter, in New Testament.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > elder > [noun]

priestOE

senior1382

presbyter1528

lay elder1593

ruling elder1593

presbyter-bishop1654

lay presbyter1656

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxxviii. 519 Ðas þrowunge [sc. of St Andrew] awriton, þære þeode preostas [L. presbiteri], & þa ylcan diaconas þe hit eal gesawon.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) Titus i. 5 I lefte thee..that thou..ordeyne by cytees prestis [L. presbyteros; 1582 ( Rhem.) shouldest ordaine priestes by cities].

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Tim. v. 17 The prestis [L. presbyteri] that ben wel bifore, that is, treuly kepen presthod, be thei hadd worthi double honour.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 422 (MED) Peter spekith to suce preestis as he was him silf.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 30 (MED) Ilk prest of Crist was callid indifferently prest and bischop.

1563 J. Man tr. W. Musculus Common Places Christian Relig. 274 Thei do alleage the place of James [v. 14]: ‘Whan any bodie is sicke amongest you, let him brynge in the Priestes [L. inducat presbyteros] of the Churche and let them praie ouer him’.

a. An official minister of a religion other than Christianity or the ancient Hebrew religion.Originally implying sacrificial functions, but in later use often applied to the clerics or functionaries of any religion, whether sacrificial or not.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > heathen (general)

priestc1275

flamenc1400

fire-kindler1563

clergyman1609

fetisheer1613

divinea1616

churchman1632

shaman1698

Baal-priest1834

santero1950

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 587 Brutus nam..enne preost of his lawen, þa weren on þan heðen dawen.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3922 Balaac..sente after balaam ðe prest.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 4 Kings xi. 18 Mathan..þe preest [L. sacerdotem] of baal, þei sloowen beforn þe auter.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 5412 In all egypti lefte he na land Vn-boght..Vte-tan þe landes o þat lede, þat taght was for þe preiste to fede.

?a1500 tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (Harl.) (1942) 36 (MED) Sche had corrupted þe prestes off þe law.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 10784 Therein Paris was put with prestis of þe laghe.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 55 The Priest doth sometimes reade vnto them some part of the Alcoran.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. ii. 5 Go bid the Priests do present Sacrifice.

1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 633 The Indians..have Priests, which are generally thought to be Conjurers.

1733 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 27 As Eastern Priests in giddy Circles run, And turn their heads to imitate the Sun.

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 315 He had me educated by the priests of the Temple of Osiris.

1810 E. D. Clarke Trav. Var. Countries: Pt. 1st xv. 334 A party of the elder Calmucks, headed by their Priest.

1885 W. R. Smith in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 730/1 Orthodox Islam has never had real priests, doing religious acts on behalf of others.

1905 P. N. Mileiiukov Russia & Its Crisis iii. 68 The parson had to perform the same duty as the pagan priest; like a shaman, or popular wizard, he was asked to expel the evil spirits from houses and from fields, by magic rites and solemn incantations.

1971 Times 15 Sept. p.i/5 Proposals to modernize the education of Islamic priests and forbid rote Koran teaching to primary schoolchildren offend deeply devout Muslim feelings.

1995 Sunday Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 22 Jan. The [Buddhist] monks did not turn up for the meeting between the Pope and leaders of other religions at the Bandaranaike Memorial Conference Hall. Hindu and Muslim priests were present.

†b. A priestess of an ancient pagan religion. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > female priest

nuneOE

priestress?a1439

priestc1440

priestess1594

presbyteress1651

c1440 Prose Life Alexander (Thornton) (1913) 29 (MED) A woman þat hiȝte zacora, whilke was preste of þat temple, talde Alexander þat þan was noȝte þe tyme of ansuere.

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 42 She was a pretty pinckany and Venus priest.

1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xxi. 227 Dia. My Temple stands in Ephesus..There when my maiden priests are met together [etc.] .

1613 G. Chapman Memorable Maske Inns of Court sig. A3^v A little more eleuate, sate Eunomia, the Virgine Priest of the Goddesse Honor.

II. In extended uses.

6. figurative. A person whose function is likened to that of a priest, as: priest of nature, priest of science.See also high priest n. 2.

ΚΠ

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 91 Ye sacred Muses..Whose Priest I am, whose holy Fillets wear.

1703 W. Sherlock Pract. Disc. Relig. Assemblies i. 64 Man is the Priest of Nature, who offers up the Praises and Thanksgivings of the whole Creation to God.

1790 J. Farrer Trial Abraham 7 Man alone..Endued with reason and an eye supine... The priest of nature he.

1807 W. Wordsworth Ode in Poems II. 151 The Youth, who daily farther from the east Must travel, still is Nature's Priest .

a1811 R. T. Paine Wks. (1812) 264 Come, priest of Science, truth arrayed, And with thee bring each tuneful maid.

1827 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth I. 80 Homer and Aristotle, Shakspeare and Bacon, are the priests who preach and expound the mysteries of the universe.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xxxvii. 57 This faith has many a purer priest, And many an abler voice than thou.

1970 B. Benstock & T. F. Staley Approaches to Ulysses 58 Stephen..takes an artist's revenge for the crushing defeats the successful and admired priest of science has inflicted on him during the day.

2004 Statesman (India) (Nexis) 27 Aug. One can conclude that a scout is a priest of nature, a good social worker and is a true patriot.

7. Angling (chiefly Irish English). A mallet or other weapon used to kill a fish once it is caught and landed. Cf. to be (a person's) priest at Phrases.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > other fishing equipment > [noun] > mallet or stick to kill fish

priest1851

gob stick1883

nobby1887

nobbler1888

killer1890

muckle1897

1851 H. Newland Erne 284 (note) Priest, a short wooden mallet, whose offices are required when the salmon is in extremis.

1890 F. W. Carew No. 747 xxii Micky Doolan's ‘Whiroo-ho-hoo’ as he gave it plenary absolution with ‘the Praste’, might have been heard in Tralee.

1900 W. Senior Pike & Perch xi. 175 The baton, or short cudgel, used to perform the last offices for captured fish is still called the ‘priest’, the name lingering, perhaps, more in Ireland than in England or Scotland.

1906 Macmillan's Mag. Nov. 28 Lydon..lifted an iron thole-pin for a ‘priest’, gave a couple of decisive taps, and then laid it on the boards of the boat.

1944 ‘N. Shute’ Pastoral (1950) 13 He had neither gaff nor landing-net nor priest.

1989 Times (Nexis) 2 Dec. When one nabs a trout, the next move is to whack it on the head with a cosh-like chunk of wood called a ‘priest’. Last rites, so to speak.

8. Angling. A kind of artificial fly.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > types of

moor flylOE

drake-flya1450

dub-flya1450

dun cut1496

dun fly1496

louper1496

red fly1616

moorish fly1635

palmer1653

palmer fly1653

red hackle1653

red palmer1653

shell-fly1653

orange fly1662

blackfly1669

dun1676

dun hackle1676

hackle1676

mayfly1676

peacock fly1676

thorn-tree fly1676

turkey-fly1676

violet-fly1676

whirling dun1676

badger fly1681

greenfly1686

moorish brown1689

prime dun1696

sandfly1700

grey midge1724

whirling blue1747

dun drake?1758

death drake1766

hackle fly1786

badger1787

blue1787

brown-fly1787

camel-brown1787

spinner1787

midge1799

night-fly1799

thorn-fly1799

turkey1799

withy-fly1799

grayling fly1811

sun fly1820

cock-a-bondy1835

brown moth1837

bunting-lark fly1837

governor1837

water-hen hackle1837

Waterloo fly1837

coachman1839

soldier palmer1839

blue jay1843

red tag1850

canary1855

white-tip1856

spider1857

bumble1859

doctor1860

ibis1863

Jock Scott1866

eagle1867

highlander1867

jay1867

John Scott1867

judge1867

parson1867

priest1867

snow-fly1867

Jack Scott1874

Alexandra1875

silver doctor1875

Alexandra fly1882

grackle1894

grizzly queen1894

heckle-fly1897

Zulu1898

thunder and lightning1910

streamer1919

Devon1924

peacock1950

1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling ix. 324 The Priest..is a good general fly.

2002 News of World (Nexis) 8 Dec. Try a little trout fly called The Priest. It's a spider version of a Butcher and has the same red tail and silver body with a black hackle instead of wings.

9. Either of two German breeds of pouter pigeon having one or two crests on the head; a bird of either of these breeds. Now usually with distinguishing word.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > other types

porcelainc1530

turn-pate1611

light horseman1661

runt1661

smiter1668

helmet1676

mammet1678

Cortbeck1688

turbit1688

turner1688

dragoon1725

finicking1725

Leghorn1725

nun1725

owl1725

petit1725

trumpeter1725

horseman1735

Mahomet1735

barbel1736

turn-tail1736

frill-back1765

blue rock1825

beard1826

ice pigeon1829

toy1831

black1839

skinnum1839

splash1851

whole-feather1851

spangle1854

swallow1854

shield1855

stork pigeon1855

Swabian1855

yellow1855

archangel1867

dragon1867

starling1867

magpie1868

smerle1869

bluette1870

cumulet1876

oriental1876

spot fairy1876

turbiteen1876

blondinette1879

hyacinth1879

Modena pigeon1879

silver-dun1879

silverette1879

silver-mealy1879

swift pigeon1879

Victoria1879

visor1879

ice1881

swallow pigeon1881

velvet fairy1881

priesta1889

frill1890

a1889 R. Fulton Illustr. Bk. Pigeons xxv. 349 Priests... These are of four recognised kinds—Black, Red, Yellow, and Blue.

1904 Times 6 Jan. 8/5 Priests, birds rarely seen nowadays at exhibitions.

1936 A. R. W. Woods in Pigeons of Today 199 The Priest proper has a shell crest and a circular ‘rose’ of feathers over forehead.

1984 D. F. Ison Fancy Pigeon Standards (ed. 2) 218 The South German Blassen Priest carries the same head markings as the Saxon Priest with the exception that the Blassen is single crested.

Phrases

† to be (a person's) priest: to kill (a person). Obsolete.With allusion to the function of a priest in performing the last offices to the dying.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (intransitive)]

to shed blood?a1100

to let blood?c1225

to be (a person's) priesta1450

shortena1535

kill1535

to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568

to trip (also turn, tumble, kick, etc.) up a person's heels1587

to make dice of (a person's) bones1591

to put out (also quench) a person's light(s)1599

account1848

to fix1875

a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 3858 (MED) The Iren with the hawberk met Right ageyn the self brest; Wel nigh it had ben his prest.

a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iv. viii. sig. H.j^v Away loute and lubber, or I shall be thy priest.

1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iii. sig. E4 Who first laies hand on me, ile be his Priest.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 272 And to preserue my Soueraigne from his Foe, Say but the word, and I will be his Priest .

1661 Thracian Wonder i. i This hand shall be his Priest that dares agen presume to speak for her.

1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 32 Anither day like this 'll be my priest.

1810 J. Cock Simple Strains 135 Syne claught the fellow by the breast, An' wi' an awfu' shak, Swore he wad shortly be his priest.

1845 D. Trumbull Death of Capt. Nathan Hale v. i. 28 He asked me to bring him a Bible, and send a minister..but I won't do it; I won't take the one, nor send the other—I'll be his priest myself.

Compounds

C1. Appositive.

priest-astronomer n.

ΚΠ

1872 tr. C. F. Dupuis Origin All Relig. Worship 107 A correspondence so complete..leaves no doubt, that the priest-astronomer, who composed it, had merely described the course of the Moon in the Heavens.

1960 F. E. M. D. Winkler Man: Bridge between Two Worlds vii. 137 The priest-astronomer looked up to the starry heaven and found that the heavenly clock had struck a new hour.

2004 Asheville Citizen-Times (Nexis) 2 Feb. 3 b How carefully did ancient Maya priest-astronomers track Venus across the night sky.

priest chaplain n.

ΚΠ

1654 E. Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 133 Wee found him besett close with Walter Montague, his priest chaplaine.

1897 Bristol Times & Mirror 6 Oct. 13/1 Albert Boudier, priest, born 4 August, 1824. at rest 14 June, 1897, 18 years rector of this parish; formerly priest-chaplain of St. Mary's Warwick.

2004 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Little Rock) (Nexis) 19 June He..served as..priest chaplain at St. Mary's Hospital in Rogers.

priest-doctor n.

ΚΠ

1881 Catholic World Nov. 253 Such was the end of the gifted and the fallen, the persecutor of honest Andrew Borde, the ‘priestdoctor’ of Hampshire.

1948 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 14 May 13/4 There were many dangers for a Roman Catholic priest-doctor such as Father DesLauriers. Bandits swarmed the countryside and the communist armies were little more than 200 miles from his parish.

2005 Panafrican News Agency (Nexis) 23 June Holding demonstrations to denounce..the perverse behaviour of this priest-doctor.

priest hermit n.

ΚΠ

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 128 (MED) Þe maister of his felowship went & shrafe hym vnto a preste hermett.

1894 Atlantic Monthly Jan. 53/2 There he was as priest hermit in a chapel, and lived in poverty and in holy prayers.

2003 News of World (Nexis) 15 June Mother Frances the South Armagh priest hermit and I are working on a new book.

priest-king n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > king > [noun] > other types of king

folk-kingOE

boy-king1603

priest-king1606

shepherd king1744

king-emperor1789

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > also a ruler

priest-king1606

priest-ruler1891

1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. iii. 169 The while this Priest-King sacrifiz'd To's clov'n-foot God in Bethel (self-devis'd).

1877 J. E. Carpenter tr. C. P. Tiele Outl. Hist. Relig. 55 Lower Egypt throws off the yoke of the priest-Kings of Thebes.

1920 H. G. Wells Outl. Hist. iii. xix. 124/2 The beginnings of organized war, first as a bickering between villages, and then as a more disciplined struggle between the priest-king and god of one city and those of another [in Mesopotamia].

1995 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 21 Sept. 32/1 He was more like a priest-king, a combination of the Pope and a constitutional monarch.

priest-knight n.

ΚΠ

1826 W. E. Andrews Exam. Fox's Cal. Protestant Saints 47 The cause for which the priest-knight and the duchess-gentlewoman suffered.

1911 H. R. Haggard Red Eve viii. 119 She knelt down and gave thanks as the old priest-knight had bidden her. Then she rose, took his hand and kissed it.

2000 Turkish Daily News (Nexis) 3 Nov. Tantan later said that they were a force consisting of priest-knights first created in Jerusalem in 1099 to protect a temple.

priest-noble n.

ΚΠ

1872 W. Bagehot Physics & Politics i. iv. 38 The policy of the old priest-nobles of Egypt and India.

1951 Amer. Hist. Rev. 56 882 The prototype émigré was not Talleyrand, the priest-noble.

1993 Leisureways (Nexis) Oct. 32 Governed by priest-nobles, these..people built thousands of cities in a territory encompassing southern Mexico and the Yucatan Peninsula, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras and El Salvador.

priest-philosopher n.

ΚΠ

1651 E. Nevill To Mem. W. Cartwright in W. Cartwright Poems Lost all at once, in the same Sepulcher Lies the best Poet-Priest-Philosopher.]

1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. ii. ii. 76 'Twas satisfaction enough to the Priest-Philosopher.

1868 C. Turner Small Tableaux 87 The priest-philosopher, who lurks within That screen of Christmas hollies, though empowered For other ends, takes pay for conscious sin.

1986 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 24 May 8 c The Jesuit priest-philosopher, who is allied with the Salvadoran liberation theologian Jon Sobrino, said the Pope has largely forfeited a persuasive moral role.

priest-poet n.

ΚΠ

a1750 A. Hill Wks. (1753) 286 Bid the priest Poet consecrate the rage Of a wrong'd nation's curses.

1895 Pop. Sci. Monthly Aug. 440 The priest-poet, appointed eulogizer of the deity he serves, is the first poet.

1995 Church Times 23 June 20/3 The forging of Centuries and the youthful priest-poet's other writings remains miraculous even to the most knowing expert on the brilliance of 17th-century religious literature.

priest-prince n.

ΚΠ

1877 J. E. Carpenter tr. C. P. Tiele Outl. Hist. Relig. 56 The conflict of the Ethiopian priest-princes..was in part national.

1949 Waukesha (Wisconsin) Daily Freeman 29 Oct. 4/1 Communist knuckles have been rapped..by the Dalai Lama, mysterious priest-prince of the mountain kingdom of Tibet.

1993 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 53 440 The Priest-Prince Son'en..expresses doubt when he reaches the ‘Devadatta’ stage.

priest-ruler n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun] > who is a priest

priest-ruler1891

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > also a ruler

priest-king1606

priest-ruler1891

1891 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. & Hist. Fine Arts 7 122 Already by their aid a considerable list of the ancient kings and patesi, or priest-rulers, of this city had been established.

1920 H. G. Wells Outl. Hist. iii. xvi. 94/2 There [i.e. in the Euphrates-Tigris valley] flourished the first temples and the first priest-rulers that we know of among mankind.

1996 Earth Matters Autumn 21/1 The Kogi priest-rulers, the Mamas, believe that their rituals, meditations and offerings are necessary for the welfare of all life on Earth.

priest-statesman n.

ΚΠ

1884 Morning Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) 22 Sept. Lawrence Barrett will assume the character of the..priest-statesman [sc. Richelieu], one of his most ambitious and impressive roles.

1988 P. Hofmann Viennese: Splendor, Twilight, & Exile iv. 204 Although a son of the people, the frigid priest-statesman seemed singularly un-Viennese in his stern ways and lack of folksiness.

priest-victim n.

ΚΠ

1895 W. E. Gladstone in 19th Cent. Dec. 1074 The recovery of this race..is by a Priest-Victim foreshadowed in ancient predictions.

1984 Daily Intelligencer (Doylestown, Pa.) 4 Nov. A3/2 Let Poles of different social circles meet not crying over the coffin of the priest victim but at the table in talk and dialogue.

C2. Of or relating to a priest or priests; priestly.See also priestcraft n.

† priest-death n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1865 C. Kingsley Hereward iv in Good Words Feb. 95/1 Dead is he, a bed-death, A leech-death, a priest-death, A straw-death, a cow's-death. Such doom I desire not.

† priest-flock n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 489 Talde laȝhess preste flocc Comm all off þa twa prestess.

priest-kingdom n.

ΚΠ

1873 R. Jamieson Commentary on Old & New Testaments 588/2 Abraham from the East..conquering the Chaldean kings is a type of Israel's victorious restoration to the priest-kingdom.

1905 Expositor Mar. 185 The character assumed by the Maccabaean priest-kingdom.

2003 Western Daily Press (Nexis) 27 Dec. (News section) 22 Tibet, the romantic and mountainous priest-kingdom, was the back-door to Russia and to British India.

† priest linen n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1561 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 175 Thre fardellis prest lynnyng, allegit schippit be Anthonie Triciane.

priest massacre n.

ΚΠ

1709 Ld. Shaftesbury Sensus Communis: Ess. Freedom of Wit 40 Much less wou'd you..have carry'd on this Magophony, or Priest-Massacre, with such a barbarous Zeal.

1990 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 14 May B4/1 (heading) El Salvador stalling on priest massacre.

† priest-trap n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar iii. ii. 36 A Priest-trap at their door to lay, For holy Vermin that in houses prey.

1732 H. Fielding Old Debauchees iii. viii. 35 A fine Woman is as good a Bait for a Priest-trap, as toasted Cheese is for a Mouse-trap.

C3. Objective, with reference to the treatment of Roman Catholic priests under the Penal Laws. Now historical.

priest-baiting adj. and n.

ΚΠ

1892 E. S. Beesly Queen Elizabeth iv. 52 Moray failed to elicit a spark of spirit out of the priest-baiting citizens of Edinburgh.

1899 Q. Rev. Apr. 456 The crowd..cheerfully joined the sport of priest-baiting.

1973 Amer. Jrnl. Legal Hist. 17 377 Cromwell [is] no longer viewed as a Robespierrean and Stalinesque figure who enjoyed monk hunting and priest baiting.

1999 Weekend Australian (Nexis) 16 Oct. (Review section) r32 The Thornbirds, a movie of infinite temptations and furtive meetings.., certainly caused a flutter among eager priest-baiting breasts.

priest-catcher n.

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1688 J. Knatchbull Diary in Notes & Queries (1864) 3rd Ser. VI. 2/1 We should pay that respect to our Priest-catchers they expected att our hands.

1886 J. Gillow Literary & Biogr. Hist. Eng. Catholics II. 531 One of those objectionable officials called pursuivants or priest-catchers.

2003 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 14 Sept. 11 Beneath is a brief biography in Spanish listing their name, any alias they used to ward off priest-catchers in England, plus their place of birth and death.

priest-catching adj. and n.

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1644 Mercurius Civicus 17–25 July 587 He would have nothing to doe with such priest-catching Knaves.

1714 Hue & Cry 1 Priest-catching..The Damndest Trade none but a Rogue e're follows, Ever rewarded with a Rope and Gallows.

1998 Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio) (Nexis) 1 June 9 b There was a bounty on their heads—20 British pounds for a priest, 10 for a Catholic schoolmaster. Priest-catching became a trade.

priest-harbouring n.

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1894 H. Fishwick Hist. Lancs. 222 Priest-harbouring was soon amongst the most prolific causes of arrest and imprisonment.

2000 16th Cent. Jrnl. 31 186 Margaret Clitherow converted to Catholicism and..was tried for priest-harboring.

priest-hunter n.

ΚΠ

1687 R. L'Estrange Brief Hist. Times 135 Where was the Free-born Subjects Liberty, When..Priest-Hunters, and Prince-Hunters, were One and the Same sort of People?

1875 H. Foley Rec. Eng. Prov. S.J. I. i. 493 Mr. Wiseman..got the priest-hunters to come there at midnight with their band.

2001 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 4 Nov. d11 Each ingenious and deceptive trap he can make to confound the intrusive priest-hunters fulfils his own desire for revenge.

priest-taker n.

ΚΠ

1679 Bradley in R. Mansel Narr. Popish Plot (1680) 49 She heard the said Lawton was a Priest-taker.

1850 E. B. O'Callaghan Documentary Hist. State N.-Y. III. 111 (note) He was a friar, but fell so low as to become priest taker.

1995 Irish Times (Nexis) 19 July 13 Though at times the men who wore these chasubles, or used these chalice veils might be hunted by priest-takers,..the extravagance of their vestments suggests a swaggering indifference to state hostility.

C4. Objective and instrumental. See also priest-ridden adj.

† priest-striver n. Obsolete

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1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 27 He says not, they were priest-strivers, but were like priest-strivers, persons whose habit it was to strive with those who spoke in God's Name.

priest-educated adj.

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1908 N.E.D. at Priest sb. Priest-educated.

1938 J. C. Powys Enjoyment of Lit. xx. 500 In the case of Joyce's priesteducated Stephen, the author identifies himself completely with the character's thoughts.

1964 Hispanic Amer. Hist. Rev. 44 593 That speculations approximating ‘philosophy’ in Western culture were..indulged in by the more profound and sensitive members of the priesthood and the priest-educated aristocracy seems virtually certain.

priest-guarded adj.

ΚΠ

1848 E. Cook He without Sin i A simple creed, Whose saving might has no priest-guarded bound.

1929 H. Allen New Legends 85 Stars Burned more intensely like blue funeral lamps Hung in the vaults of old priest-guarded tombs.

priest-hating adj.

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1872 N.Y. Herald 28 Aug. 4/1 When a resolute, priest-hating man like Theodorus came into power, he was good game for a German like Mr. Zander.

1934 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 16 May 24/2 Then came the hostile constitution of 1857, compiled and promulgated by the priest-hating Benito Juarez.

1997 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 30 Mar. m6 In the camp he was singled out for special treatment by a priest-hating German convict named Krott.

priest-led adj.

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1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης xv. 142 Those Priest-led Herodians with thir blind guides are in the Ditch already.

1871 G. MacDonald Sonnets conc. Jesus xviii Despised! rejected by the priest-led roar Of multitudes!

1997 Jrnl. Southern Afr. Stud. 23 299 Manyika migrants from the south arrived..demanding the founding of Regina Coeli mission along with priest-led churches.

priest-prompted adj.

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1845 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 2) 210 As guiltless..As is the oracle of an extinct god Of its priest-prompted answer.

1876 F. F. Fargo Memorial of City & County Hall Opening Ceremonies 23 Is there in the world's history a recorded cry so fiendish as that one, priest-prompted, of the Jewish populace: Release to us Barrabas.

1937 P. E. White Doctr. Trinity Analytically examined & Refuted (1996) i. v This fact was preached by Jesus only a few hours before the time when He..was prepared to stand for truth against the priest-prompted accusations of His countrymen.

C5. Compounds with priest's.

† priest's bonnet n. Obsolete rare (a) a plant (not identified, perhaps = priest's hood n.); (b) = priest's cap n. (b).

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1685 J. Chamberlayne tr. A. Colmenero de Ladesma Treat. Chocolate in P. S. Dufour Manner of making Coffee, Tea, & Chocolate 7 The Berries grow on a tree much like our Priests Bonnet.

1778 Milit. Dict. at Horn work Ouvrage a corne, is an outwork which the French engineers prefer before Tenailles, Swallow Tails, or Priest Bonnets, because it takes in a great deal of ground and has a better defence.

priest's cap n. (also priest cap) (a) a cap worn by a priest; (b) Fortification an outwork with three salient and two re-entrant angles.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > outwork > angular outworks

priest's cap1446

priest's bonnet1685

swallowtail1688

flèche1710

arrow1747

1446 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1865) III. 102 (MED) De vj preste caps, syngle, ij s. De ij preste caps, duplicibus, xviij d.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Bonnet à Prestre, or the Priest's Cap, in Fortification, is an Out-work having at the Head three Saliant Angles, and two Inwards.

1887 R. B. Irwin in Battles & Leaders Civ. War III. 595 Paine attacked..at..the strongest point of the whole work, the priest-cap near the Jackson road.

1945 French Rev. 18 150 At times English uses the French phrase unchanged as well as an Anglicization..Bonnet de prêtre (a term for fortification) or priestcap or priest's cap.

1998 Northern Echo (Nexis) 1 Aug. 10 Fr Daley enters for his penultimate Sunday mass wearing a biretta, the once familiar priest's cap.

priest's crown n. (also †priest crown) now English regional a dandelion (from the resemblance of the receptacle, after the downy seeds have dispersed, to a priest's tonsure); the receptacle of a dandelion after the seeds have dispersed; †the pappus of a dandelion (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > dandelion

priest's crownc1300

monk's-head?c1400

dandelion1513

lion's tooth1562

pissabed1565

swine snout1596

canker1640

leontodon1807

c1300 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 67 [Caput Monachi] anglice prestes-croune.

c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 59 (MED) Tak þe jus of soleskill & preste crown & madir, of aþer illik mekill, & drynk it fastand.

?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 99 Preyst crowne, quedam herba vel flos.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 258/2 Prestes crowne that flyeth about in somer, barbedieu.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Also Dandelion, Priests crown, Swines snout, Monkshead or Dogs teeth.

1886 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names 389 Priest's crown... Because the naked receptacle, after the seeds are blown away, resembles the shaven head of a priest.

1955 G. Grigson Englishman's Flora 394 Dandelion..Priest's Crown.

1994 Chichester Observer 2 June 25 Children used to have great fun blowing the ‘clock’ of [dandelion] seeds... The bald head was called ‘the priest's crown’, the unopened bud ‘the swine's snout’.

priest's hole n. (also priest hole) now historical a secret chamber or similar hiding place for a Roman Catholic priest, esp. in Elizabethan and Jacobean England.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > a secret place, hiding place > [noun] > passage or chamber

secretaryc1440

priest's hole1660

thalamus1850

serdab1877

coulisse1903

1660 S. Pepys Diary 23 May (1970) I. 156 At a Catholique house, he was fain to lie in the priests hole a good while.

1757 D. Hume Hist. Great Brit. II. i. 31 As he passed often thro' the hands of Catholics, the Priest's hole, as they called it, the place, where they were obliged to conceal their persecuted priests, was sometimes employed for sheltering their distressed sovereign.

1890 D. B. W. Sladen Lester the Loyalist 5 The panels hid priest-holes Guarding no longer priests, but massive plate and cut crystal.

1994 Remnant 15 July 11/2 Attending a Tridentine Mass evokes the feelings of those Catholics in Elizabethan-Protestant England who attended the Mass of some fugitive priest in hiding, who came out of the priest-hole.

priest's hood n. now historical wild arum, Arum maculatum (so called from the form of the spathe); = priest in the pulpit n. (b) at Compounds 6; cf. monkshood n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Araceae (wake-robin and allies) > [noun]

dragonsc1000

cuckoo-pintlea1400

yekestersea1400

aaron?c1425

calf's-footc1450

cuckoo-spitc1450

rampa1500

priest's hood1526

wake-robin1530

green dragon1538

arum1551

cuckoo-pint1551

dragonwort1565

priest's pintle1578

tarragon1591

starch root1596

friar's cowl1597

friar's-hood1597

starchwort1597

dragon serpentine1598

dragon's-herb1600

small dragonwort1674

dumb cane1696

skunk weed1735

polecat weed1743

lords and ladies1755

mucka-mucka1769

skunk cabbage1778

bloody man's finger1787

green dragon1789

swamp-cabbage1792

priest in the pulpit1837

orontiad1846

arad1853

cows and calves1853

bulls and cows1863

skunk cabbage1869

aroid1876

Adam and Eve1877

stallion1878

cunjevoi1889

1526 Grete Herball ccxv. sig. Nj^v/1 Some call it prestes hode, for it hath as it were a cape & a tongue in it lyke serpentyne of dragons.

1889 J. Britten & R. Holland Eng. Plant Names 389 Priest's Hood. Arum maculatum, L.

2002 Times (Nexis) 18 Dec. (Features section) 19 The wild arum has had many country names including cuckoo-pint, pop-lady, lords and ladies, priest's hood and monk's cowl.

priest's pintle n. (also †priest pintle) now English regional (a) any of several orchids, esp. early purple orchid, Orchis mascula; (b) wild arum, Arum maculatum; = priest's hood n.; cf. cuckoo-pintle n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Araceae (wake-robin and allies) > [noun]

dragonsc1000

cuckoo-pintlea1400

yekestersea1400

aaron?c1425

calf's-footc1450

cuckoo-spitc1450

rampa1500

priest's hood1526

wake-robin1530

green dragon1538

arum1551

cuckoo-pint1551

dragonwort1565

priest's pintle1578

tarragon1591

starch root1596

friar's cowl1597

friar's-hood1597

starchwort1597

dragon serpentine1598

dragon's-herb1600

small dragonwort1674

dumb cane1696

skunk weed1735

polecat weed1743

lords and ladies1755

mucka-mucka1769

skunk cabbage1778

bloody man's finger1787

green dragon1789

swamp-cabbage1792

priest in the pulpit1837

orontiad1846

arad1853

cows and calves1853

bulls and cows1863

skunk cabbage1869

aroid1876

Adam and Eve1877

stallion1878

cunjevoi1889

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > orchids

satyrionOE

bollockwort?a1300

sanicle14..

bollock?a1425

martagon1548

orchis1559

dogstones1562

hare's-ballocks1562

stone1562

bollock grass1578

dog's cods1578

dog's cullions1578

double-leaf1578

fly-orchis1578

goat's cullions1578

goat's orchis1578

priest's pintle1578

twayblade1578

bee-orchis1597

bifoil1597

bird's nest1597

bird's orchis1597

butterfly orchis1597

fenny-stones1597

gelded satyrion1597

gnat satyrion1597

humble-bee orchis1597

lady's slipper1597

sweet ballocks1597

two-blade1605

cullions1611

bee-flower1626

fly-flower1640

man orchis1670

musk orchis1670

moccasin flower1680

gnat-flower1688

faham tea1728

Ophrys1754

green man orchis1762

Arethusa1764

honey flower1771

cypripedium1775

rattlesnake plantain1778

Venus's slipper1785

Adam and Eve1789

lizard orchis179.

epidendrum1791

Pogonia?1801

Vanda1801

cymbidium1815

Oncidium1822

putty-root1822

Noah's Ark1826

yellow moccasin1826

gongora1827

cattleya1828

green man1828

nervine1828

stanhopea1829

dove-flower1831

catasetum1836

Odontoglossum1836

Miltonia1837

letter plant1838

spread eagle1838

letter-leaf1839

swan-plant1841

orchid1843

disa1844

masdevallia1845

Phalaenopsis1846

faham1850

Indian crocus1850

moccasin plant1850

pleione1851

dove orchis1852

nerve root1854

Holy Ghost flower1862

basket-plant1865

lizard's tongue1866

mousetail1866

Sobralia1866

swan-neck1866

swanwort1866

Indian shoe1876

odontoglot1879

wreathewort1879

moth orchid1880

rattlesnake orchid1881

dendrobe1882

dove-plant1882

Madeira orchis1882

man orchis1882

swan-flower1884

slipper-orchid1885

slipper orchis1889

mayflower1894

scorpion orchid1897

moederkappie1910

dove orchid1918

monkey orchid1925

man orchid1927

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. lvi. 222 The first kinde is called in Greeke ὄρχις, Orchis..in English..Priest pintell.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. vii. 323 This plant is called..in Latine Arum:..in English also it is commonly called Aron, Priestes pyntill, Cockowpintell.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 56/1 A Dog-stone flower..is generally known by the name of Priest-Pintle, or Goat-Stones.

1768 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. (ed. 8) II. Index Priest's Pintle, see Arum.

1885 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) 269 Priest's pintle, the early purple orchis, Orchis mascula.

1886 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names 389 Priest's Pintle, Arum maculatum, L.... Cumb.; Derb.; Durh.; Linc.

2003 London (Ont.) Free Press (Nexis) 29 Nov. (Homes section) s8 Priest's pintle is just one of many names for arisaema triphyllum, or jack-in-the-pulpit, a flower found in the eastern forests.

C6.

priestfish n. U.S. †(a) a fish (not identified) of the Atlantic coast of North America (obsolete); (b) the black rockfish, Sebastes melanops, common along the Pacific coast of North America (now rare).

ΚΠ

1672 J. Josselyn New-Englands Rarities 29 Priest Fish or Sea Priest.

1886 Harper's Mag. Apr. 689/2 The priest-fish that rose up from the waves all cowled to receive the dead who were thrown over-board.

1933 W. H. Chute Guide John G. Shedd Aquarium 129 Sebastosomus mystinus—Priestfish; Black rockfish. This..reaches a length of fourteen inches and receives the name Priestfish from the dark color of its skin.

priest-ill n. English regional (now rare) the ague.

ΚΠ

1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II. 646/1 Priest-ill.

1903 S. Hewett in Eng. Dial. Dict. IV. 620/1 [Somerset] In a village near Burnham where the ague is prevalent..a man told me that the ‘vokes about yer did get priest-ill or trembling fevers in the autumn time.’

priest-in-charge n. a priest designated to take charge of a parish, mission, etc., esp. in the absence of a permanent incumbent.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun]

curate-in-charge1819

priest-in-charge1888

1888 Musical Times 29 683 The absence..of the Rev. W. A. Leonard, D.D., rector of the parish..renders it impossible for us to obtain his signature to this letter...Very respectfully, J. M. E. McKee, Priest in charge, St. John's parish.

1941 A. Thirkell Northbridge Rectory iii. 59 At St. Sycorax, where he was priest-in-charge, a title which gave him deep pleasure, he indulged in a perfect orgy of incense and vestments.

1977 K. M. MacMorran & K. J. T. Elphinstone Handbk. Churchwardens (new ed.) vi. 61 The unbeneficed clergy..fall into two classes: first, ministers in charge of benefices which for the time being lack the services of any incumbent (generally called ‘curates-in-charge’ or ‘priests-in-charge’).

2000 Church Times 25 Feb. 19/3 He..became Rector of St Luke's, Que Que (Southern Rhodesia), and was also Priest-in-Charge of St Martin's Mission for five years, travelling hundreds of miles into the bundu.

priest in the pulpit n. †(a) U.S. the showy orchis, Galearis spectabilis, having flowers in which the upper petals and sepals form a pink or purple hood above the white lip; cf. preacher-in-the-pulpit n. at preacher n. Compounds 3 (obsolete); (b) English regional wild arum, Arum maculatum (the spathe of the flower representing the pulpit, and the spadix the priest); = priest's hood n. at Compounds 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Araceae (wake-robin and allies) > [noun]

dragonsc1000

cuckoo-pintlea1400

yekestersea1400

aaron?c1425

calf's-footc1450

cuckoo-spitc1450

rampa1500

priest's hood1526

wake-robin1530

green dragon1538

arum1551

cuckoo-pint1551

dragonwort1565

priest's pintle1578

tarragon1591

starch root1596

friar's cowl1597

friar's-hood1597

starchwort1597

dragon serpentine1598

dragon's-herb1600

small dragonwort1674

dumb cane1696

skunk weed1735

polecat weed1743

lords and ladies1755

mucka-mucka1769

skunk cabbage1778

bloody man's finger1787

green dragon1789

swamp-cabbage1792

priest in the pulpit1837

orontiad1846

arad1853

cows and calves1853

bulls and cows1863

skunk cabbage1869

aroid1876

Adam and Eve1877

stallion1878

cunjevoi1889

1837 W. Darlington Flora Cestrica (ed. 2) 504 O. spectabilis... Showy Orchis. Vulgo—Priest in the Pulpit.

1907 Daily News 28 May 11/2 It is known also as Wake-Robin, Cuckoo Pint, and Lords-and-Ladies, but neither of these names describes the plant so well as the quaint Priest-in-the-Pulpit.

1988 N. Curry Ships in Bottles 77 Blatant in the hedge-bottom, and poking up like a stiff little purple prick that liberal shepherds would laugh at—a euphemism was needed: Dead Men's Fingers, Priest in the Pulpit.

priest-monk n. a monk who is also a priest; cf. hieromonach n.

ΚΠ

1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 187/1 And to fynde iii Prestes Monkes dayly to sey iii masses perpetuelly for the soule of seid Fadre.

1881 T. E. Bridgett Hist. Holy Eucharist II. 167 Regulations regarding the private masses of the priest-monks.

1990 R. Graham God's Dominion xvi. 364 Brother-monks no longer suffered segregation, humiliation, and second-class conditions at the hands of the priest-monks, who alone had voted for the abbot and been given private quarters (though only a priest may still be an abbot).

priest vicar n. (in some cathedrals) the name of a vicar choral who is a priest; a minor canon.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > other clergy > [noun] > vicar choral

vicar choral1587

priest vicar1688

1688 Bp. G. Burnet Exped. Prince of Orange 5 The Prince commanded Dr. Burnet to order the Priest, Vicars [1744 corrected to Priest-Vicars] of the Cathedral, not to pray for the prince of Wales.

1795 Coll. Anthems 145 (heading) Verse anthems. By The Rev. Robert Bacon, M.A. Priest Vicar of the Cathedral Church at Salisbury.

1837–8 Act 1 & 2 Vict. c. 106 §39 Any spiritual person, being Prebendary, Canon, Priest Vicar, Vicar Choral, or Minor Canon in any Cathedral or Collegiate Church.

1996 Church Times 5 Jan. 4/3 The Revd Douglas Alfred Rhymes..Priest Vicar of Southwark Cathedral, in charge of All Hallows' (1950–54).

priest-worker n. [originally after French prêtre-ouvrier (1906 in the name of the Alliance des prêtres-ouvriers, or earlier)] (originally and chiefly with reference to France) a Roman Catholic priest who earns his living by doing manual or industrial work, esp. during the period after the Second World War (now chiefly historical); (also more widely) any priest engaged, typically part-time, in secular work; cf. worker priest n. at worker n. Compounds 2c.

ΚΠ

1908 Donahoe's Mag. Jan. 65 (heading) Priest-workers in France.

1947 C. H. Bishop France Alive v. 70 The only thing to do was for priests to make their own living by manual labor... Father ‘N’ knows of ten young workmen who want to become priest-workers.

1969 Social Res. 36 244 There is a growing class consciousness among these priest-workers [in Chile], who..emphasize simply living with the poor, working at secular trades and participating in community enterprises.

1970 Daily Tel. 29 Dec. 11/3 The Anglican church makes a distinction between worker-priests, who exercise a priestly function at their workplace, and priest-workers, who do an ordinary job, then return to parish work, usually as curate, in their ‘spare time’.

2013 F. J. Coppa Life & Pontificate of Pope Pius XII 259 He pleased conservatives but upset liberals by suppressing the priest workers in France.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	priest
释义	priestn. Brit. /priːst/, U.S. /prist/ Forms: Old English præost (rare), Old English preostt (rare), Old English priost, Old English (in compounds) early Middle English (southern and south-west midlands) prost, Old English (Middle English chiefly southern and south-west midlands) preost, Old English (Northumbrian, in compounds) 1500s preast, Old English–1500s prest, early Middle English brost (southern, transmission error), early Middle English præst, early Middle English proest (southern and south-west midlands), early Middle English proste (south-west midlands), early Middle English pruest (south-west midlands), early Middle English (Middle English chiefly southern and south-west midlands) preoste, Middle English preaste (in a late copy), Middle English preetes (plural, transmission error), Middle English prefas (plural, transmission error), Middle English presth, Middle English preysttys (plural), Middle English prust (chiefly west midlands), Middle English–1500s preiste, Middle English–1500s preste, Middle English–1500s preyst, Middle English–1500s preyste, Middle English–1500s prist, Middle English–1500s priste, Middle English–1500s pryst, Middle English–1600s preest, Middle English–1600s preeste, Middle English–1600s preist, Middle English–1600s prieste, Middle English– priest, 1500s prisst, 1500s pryste, 1800s praste (Irish English), 1800s priesth (Irish English (Wexford)); Scottish pre-1700 preast, pre-1700 preist, pre-1700 preiste, pre-1700 prest, pre-1700 preste, pre-1700 preyst, pre-1700 preyste, pre-1700 prist, pre-1700 1700s– priest, pre-1700 1800s– preest. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin presbyter. Etymology: Ultimately < post-classical Latin presbyter presbyter n., although the phonology is difficult to explain (for a summary of views see A. H. Feulner Die griechischen Lehnwörter im Altenglischen (2000) 312–3); perhaps via an unattested post-classical Latin form *prebester (see further K. Brunner E. Sievers's Altenglische Grammatik (ed. 3, 1965) §77 note 5). Compare Old Icelandic prestr, Old Swedish präster (Swedish präst), Danish præst, probably all < English, as perhaps also is Old High German priast. Compare also Old Frisian prēster, prēstere, Middle Dutch priester (Dutch priester), Old Saxon prēstar, prēster (Middle Low German prēster, preister, preyster, prīster), Old High German priester, priestar (Middle High German priester, prīster, prēster, German Priester), apparently independently derived from post-classical Latin presbyter via the disyllabic common Romance form that gave rise to Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French †prestre (early 12th cent.; also in Anglo-Norman as preste, preiste, pestre; compare Old French presbtre, Middle French prebstre, prebtre; French prêtre), Old Occitan prestre (12th cent.; Occitan prèstre), Spanish †prestre, preste (both c1230; < French or Occitan; now only in sense ‘presiding priest in concelebration’), Portuguese †preste (13th cent.); compare also ( < another variant of the post-classical Latin word) Italian prete (early 12th cent.).Etymologically priest represents Greek πρεσβύτερος , Latin presbyter , elder n.³; but by the late 2nd or early 3rd cent. a.d. (Tertullian), and thus long before the Latin or Romance word was taken into English, the Latin word sacerdos , originally, like Greek ἱερεύς , applied to the sacrificing priests of the heathen gods, and also, in the translations of the Scriptures, to the Jewish priests, had come to be applied to the Christian ministers also, and thus to be a synonym of presbyter (compare sacerdos n.). In Old English, Latin presbyter was usually represented by prēost ; Latin sacerdos , applied to a heathen or Jewish priest, was usually rendered by sacerd (regularly so in the Hexateuch, Psalms, and Gospels); sometimes, when applied to a Jewish or Christian priest, by prēost . Old English prēost was used as a generic term including all clergymen, not necessarily in priest's, or even deacon's, orders (compare sense 3); the fuller term mæsse-prēost mass-priest n. was often used to distinguish a priest in full orders, qualified to teach and celebrate mass (compare sense 1). By the early Middle English period, sacerd had become obsolete, and prest , like Old French prestre , became the current word alike for presbyter and sacerdos .1583 W. Fulke Def. Transl. Script. i. 15 Which distinction [of ἱερεύς and πρεσβύτερος] seeing the vulgar Latine texte doth alwaies rightly obserue, it is in fauour of your hereticall Sacrificing Priesthoode, that you corruptly translate Sacerdos and Presbyter alwayes, as though they were all one, a Priest.1827 R. Whately Elem. Logic 257 The term Ἱερεὺς does seem to have implied the office of offering sacrifice,..the term Priest is ambiguous, as corresponding to the terms Ἱερεὺς and πρεσβύτερος respectively, notwithstanding that there are points in which these two agree. These therefore should be reckoned, not two different kinds of Priests, but Priests in two different senses.1869 J. B. Lightfoot Epist. Philippians (ed. 2) 184 The word ‘priest’ has two different senses. In the one it is a synonyme for presbyter or elder, and designates the minister who presides over and instructs a Christian congregation: in the other it is equivalent to the Latin sacerdos, the Greek ἱερεύς, or the Hebrew כהן, the offerer of sacrifices, who also performs other mediatorial offices between God and man.1897 R. C. Moberly Ministerial Priesthood vii. §4. 291 The Church of England in her refusal to abandon the title ‘priests’ (by this time identified verbally with sacerdotes and ἱερεῖς). In sense 2b ultimately after biblical Hebrew kōhēn (Genesis 14:18, etc.; Hellenistic Greek ἱερεύς , post-classical Latin sacerdos ). In sense 9 probably after German Pfaffentaube (1888 or earlier). I. A person whose office is to perform public religious functions. 1. In episcopal churches: an ordained minister ranking above a deacon and below a bishop, having authority to administer the sacraments and pronounce absolution.Historically representing Latin presbyter, but often including the sense of Latin sacerdos.See also sense 2a, and cf. sense 4. a. With reference to the Western Church up to the time of the Reformation.Quot. lOE² is a late copy of a 7th-cent. legal code. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > [noun] priesteOE presbyterOE sirec1290 beauperec1300 sirc1386 fatherhooda1393 fatherheada1434 paternity1439 pater1481 fathershipa1500 father1528 key-bearer?1531 key-keeper?1556 vicegerent1572 priestdom1588 sacerdosa1592 flasher1611 priesthooda1616 père1619 sacerdote1685 firekeeper1789 soggarth1836 priestship1868 soutane1890 joss-man1913 eOE Laws of Ælfred (Corpus Cambr. 173) xxi. 62 Gif preost [L. presbiter] oðerne mon ofslea,..hine biscep onhadige. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 656 Þær wæs Wilfrid preost, þe siððon wæs biscop. lOE Laws of Æðelberht (Rochester) i. 3 Biscopes feoh xigylde. Preostes feoh ixgylde. Diacones feoh vigylde. Cleroces feoh iiigylde. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 17 (MED) Þu scalt gan to bote and niman scrift þer of, al swa þe proest þe techet. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1 An preost wes on leoden, Laȝamon wes ihoten. a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 75 Leueð on ure loue[r]d crist & lereð prestes lore. c1330 in T. Wright Polit. Songs Eng. (1839) 328 (MED) And if the parsoun have a prest of a clene lyf..Shal comen a daffe and putte him out. c1400 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 367 (MED) Þei sey þat iche bischop and prest may lawfully leeve hor first dignyte and after be a frere. c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 3 Prestis þat bene lewyd in here leuyng. ?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 195 (MED) Preostes..shulden ben lyȝt of heuenly lif to alle men. c1450 MS Douce 52 in Festschrift zum XII. Neuphilologentage (1906) 53 (MED) Thow shall do as þe preste says but not as þe preste doos. 1483 in F. W. Weaver Somerset Medieval Wills (1901) 240 (MED) I woll that my executours fynde an honest seculer prest to syng for my soule. c1540 Pilgrim's Tale 54 in F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) App. i. 78 Benet..Was a brother & no pryst. 1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa i. iii. 68 And from hence was the original of Bishops, Priests, Deacons, and Cardinals; there being several Titles and Cardinal Churches in Rome, the Priests that were Rectors over them, were call'd Cardinal Priests. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. Introd. iv. 111 Every man was at liberty to contribute his tithes to whatever priest or church he pleased, provided only that he did it to some. 1806 J. Lingard Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church II. vii. 20 The seventh order (that of the priesthood) was subdivided into two classes of bishops who possessed it in all its plenitude, and of priests. 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. viii. §85. 227 As the kingdom and shire were the natural sphere of the bishop, so was the township of the single priest. 1962 G. Williams Welsh Church from Conquest to Reformation ix. 335 The Ten Commandments..constituted the very minimum which every medieval priest had for centuries been required to teach his people. 1995 J. Hatcher & E. Miller Medieval England: Towns, Commerce, & Crafts vi. 389 Jews were..obliged to pay tithes to the priest of the parish in which they lived. b. With reference to the Churches of the Orthodox tradition, and other Eastern Churches. ΚΠ ?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Di Preestis grekes myght haue wyfis which to preestis latens was forboden. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 164 This place belongeth to the Georgians: whose Priests are poore, and accept of almes. No other nation say Masse on that altar. 1725 J. Henley tr. B. de Montfaucon Antiq. Italy (ed. 2) 56 A Priest..open'd the Doors of the Sanctuary, which the Greek call the Holy of Holies. 1870 Jrnl. Anthropol. Soc. 8 p. cxxviii The Scoptsis reject the authority of the orthodox church, and call it Babylonian. They reject the eucharist, and hold baptism to be of no value when received from an orthodox priest. 1900 Catholic World Apr. 24 An ‘Orthodox’ priest who bore the distinguishing title of ‘Prothierevs’ or ‘Protopapas’, that is, ‘chief priest’. 1978 M. Doak Orthodox Church iv. 45 Priests must marry before being ordained, unless they have already agreed to remain single. c. With reference to the Church of England since the Reformation and, subsequently, other churches of the Anglican communion.In the 19th cent. more prominent in English regional (northern) use, but now particularly associated with High Church and Anglo-Catholic circles. ΚΠ 1549 Forme & Maner consecratyng Archebishoppes sig. Hiij^v The Bishop with the Priestes presente shall laye their handes seuerally vpon the heade of euery one that receaueth orders. 1652 (title) A priest to the temple; or the character of a country parson. By G. Herbert. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1652 (1955) III. 60 It being now a very rare thing to find a Priest of the Church of England in a Parish pulpet, most of them fill'd with Independents & Phanatics. 1706 A. Bedford Temple Musick iv. 78 Our not admitting Priests until Four and Twenty Years old, is an Argument. 1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion vii. 324 You, Sir, know that in a neighbouring Vale A Priest abides before whose life such doubts Fall to the ground. View more context for this quotation 1833 Tracts for Times No. 5. 11 The Priests and Deacons (whom we usually class together under the common name of Clergymen). 1887 ‘M. Wetheral’ Two North-country Maids xxiv Mr. Northcote they called the priest, and a real good gentleman he was. 1955 Times 9 May 13/1 In 1908 he was awarded the Syriac Prize and was ordained priest. 1994 National Art Collections Fund: Ann. Rev. 1993 29 Apr. 111/1 (caption) Vesting priest with apparelled amis. d. With reference to the Roman Catholic Church since the Reformation. ΚΠ 1553 in tr. S. Gardiner De Vera Obedientia Pref. sig. A8 To have a popping popishe priest to pattre he nether woteth what nor ye people that heare him? 1587 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 233 Jesuitis or seminarie preistis. 1631 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 197 A petition to the Court in behalf of a Popish priest, a prisoner. 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 228 He feareth neither proud Priest, Antichristian Pope, Tyrannous Prelate, nor godless Catercap. 1721 Mass. House of Representatives Jrnl. 3 117 Resolved,..that Monsieur Rallee, and any other French Priest Residing among them [sc. the Indians], be seized, secured, and sent to Boston. 1797 R. M. Roche Children of Abbey I. xvii. 309 They had assembled a number of their neighbours, among whom were a little fat priest, called Father O'Gallaghan, considered the life of every party. 1826 W. Scott Woodstock III. iv. 96 You are not, I apprehend, either a Catholic priest or a Scotch Mass-John, to claim devoted obedience from your hearers. 1841 J. L. Stephens Incidents Trav. Central Amer. I. i. 24 A Roman Catholic priest..on his way to Guatimala by invitation of the provesor, by the exile of the archbishop the head of the church. 1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) 564/2 Missionary priests, such as those in England and Scotland, are mere delegates of the bishop without cure of souls in the strict sense. 1901 Macmillan's Mag. 414/2 In every Catholic parish the priest is at the very heart of things. 2002 Daily Tel. 2 Sept. 18/2 George Spencer was an Anglican vicar, who became a Catholic priest and took the name of Ignatius on joining the Passionists in gratitude for help given him by the Jesuits. 2. spec. A person deputed to offer sacrifice; a minister of the altar. Cf. mass-priest n. a. In the Christian church: an ordained minister who officiates at the Eucharist and certain other liturgical services.Typically coinciding in denotation with sense 1, but with reference to a distinctive liturgical function.Quot. lOE is a late copy of a 7th-cent. legal code. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > celebrating mass mass-priesteOE masserOE priestOE rood priest1516 massing priest1554 missara1560 sacrificer1563 Christ-maker1571 sacrificule1604 conficient1614 celebrant1624 missalian1624 missalist1624 waiter at the altar1648 altar-thegn1720 president1945 OE Wulfstan Canons of Edgar (Corpus Cambr.) (1972) xxxi. 8 We lærað þæt preost huru æfre ne mæssige buton onufan gehalgodon weofode. lOE Laws of Wihtræd (Rochester) xviii. 13 Preost hine clænsie sylfæs soþe in his halgum hrægle ætforan wiofode... Swylce diacon hine clænsie. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Royal) 38 Hwen þe preost inwið þe messe noteð godes licome. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 733 An prostes upe londe singeþ. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 28137 And oft als haue i me wit-draun Til vncuth pryst, and fra myn aun, Mi scrift i lette til hym to scau, Þat he schuld noght my thoghtes knau. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 6942 A preste sange at ane altere. 1466 Inventory in Archaeologia (1887) 50 37 A hole sute of vestments..for prest dekyn and sudekyn. 1521 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 4 To a preiste to syng for my saull. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxix^v Then shall thys generall Confession bee made..by one of the ministers, or by the prieste hymselfe. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxix^v Here the priest shall turne hym toward those that come to the holy Communion, and shall saye. You that do truly [etc.]. 1657 A. Sparrow Rationale Bk. Common Prayer (1684) 340 In respect of this Sacrifice of the Eucharist, the Ancients have usually call'd those that offer it up, Priests. 1720 H. Bilton Hist. Eng. Martyrs 6 He would never, while he lived, believe that any Priest could make the Body of Christ sacramentally. a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 409 It is necessary the priest should call down his very body crucified upon the cross into the bread; which must be transubstantiated thereinto, or consubstantiated therewith. 1858 J. H. Blunt (title) The Position of the Priest at the Altar. 1870 J. H. Blunt Dict. Sects 591 The chief sacerdotal function of the Christian priest is to offer up on behalf of the people the Eucharistic Sacrifice. 1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) 691 It is the office of a priest, according to the Pontifical, ‘to offer, bless, rule, preach, and baptise’. First, he is empowered to offer that sacrifice of the Mass which is the centre of all the Church's worship... He succeeds the Jewish ‘elder’ as well as the Jewish priest. Hence he is called ἱερεὺς and sacerdos—i.e. ‘sacrificing priest’, but also presbyter—i.e. ‘elder’. 1943 Times 3 Apr. 2/5 The historic fact is that the episcopate has been regarded as the necessary ordainer of a priest, and a priest the necessary consecrator of the Eucharist. 2004 Church Times 16 Apr. 15/1 The service was led by a priest in surplice, scarf and hood, and holy communion was administered to the congregation as we remained seated in our pews. b. In ancient Hebrew religion: a member of a hereditary order of ministers having the function of offering sacrifices. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > sacrificial priestOE sacrifiera1382 sacrificer1547 sacrificulist1652 OE Vitellius Psalter xcviii. 6 Moyses et aaron in sacerdotibus eius : on preosttum uel on biscopum his. OE Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Corpus Cambr. 557) in Medium Ævum (1940) 9 84 Asprang þær fyr..& forbærnde s[ixtig] manna..& ðone preost forð mid. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 466 He [Zacaryas]..wass..God prest. & godd full cweme. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 89 (MED) Swo hatte þe þrop þe preste one wunien. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 899 Melchisedech, salames king... He was boðen king and prest... Summe seiden ðat it was sem, Ðis prest and king of salem. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 5584 Of [iudas] com kinges..And of his broþer leui bredd, þe pristes þat þair lagh ledd. ?c1430 (?1382) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 517 (MED) Þere sacrifises shulden not be ȝoven to him but taken fro him, as God comaundeþ from þe heyȝe prest, Hely. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xv. 6 Þe possessioun of prestes & dekens in þe ald laghe was god. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Exod. xxxi. 10 The mynistrynge vestimentes of Aaron y^e prest. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxviii. 235 Because the most eminent part both of Heathnish and Iewish seruice did consist in sacrifice, when learned men declare what the word Priest doth properly signifie according to the mind of the first imposer of that name their ordinarie Scholies doe well expound it to imply sacrifice. 1611 Bible (King James) John xix. 21 Then said the chiefe Priests [Gk. ἀρχιερεῖς, L. pontifices, Wyclif bischops, Tindale to Geneva hye prestis, Rhem. cheefe priests] of the Iewes to Pilate, Write not, The king of the Iewes. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 353 Factious they [sc. Israelites] grow; But first among the Priests dissension springs, Men who attend the Altar. View more context for this quotation 1761 J. Parsons Thirty Lect. Princ. Christian Relig. 66 He is hurried I say, from one Judgment Seat to another; from the chief Priest's to Pilate, thence to Herod; from him back to Pilate again. 1860 J. Gardner Faiths World II. 713 It was the duty of the priests to serve at the altar, preparing the victims for sacrifice, and offering them up on the altar. 1901 Encycl. Biblica II. 2052 Before the Exile there were..differences of rank among the priests; but the chief priest was only primus inter pares; even Ezekiel knows no high priest in the sense of the Priestly Code. 1994 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 2 Apr. The local priests decided He was guilty of blasphemy, because He called Himself King of the Jews. c. (a) Applied to Christ in his sacrificial or mediatorial character. Cf. high priest n. 1b.After Hebrews 5:6, 7:15–21. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun] > according to other attributes horn of salvation (health)c825 fatherOE sun of righteousnessOE priestc1175 leecha1200 vinec1315 apostlec1382 amenc1384 shepherdc1384 the Wisdom of the Father1402 high priest1526 pelican1526 mediatora1530 reconcilerc1531 branch1535 morning star1535 surety1535 vicar1651 arch-shepherd1656 hierarch1855 particularity1930 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 345 Þatt streon..wass allmahhȝ godd & king off alle kingess. & preost off alle preostess ec. c1250 in Englische Studien (1935) 70 238 (MED) Þeis þreo loic habit muchel nu tokeningke, Gold þat he sal bein kinc ouer alle kinkes, stoir, he sal bein prest. c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 52 Cryst kedde þat he hys a prest Ryȝt in double manere..Þat oþer Þo he an rode offrede hys body For ous. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. vii. 17 Thou art a prest into withouten ende, vp the ordre of Melchisedech. ?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 153 (MED) The childe xal be chosyn a preste. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xix. 1 Þe prophet spekis of crist as of a prest, that sall offire. 1581 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xliv. 6 The Kirk of Christ, our Preist and King. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 25 See Father,..these Sighs And Prayers..I thy Priest before thee bring. View more context for this quotation 1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 1299 That Individual humanity which as our Priest be offer'd up for us on the Cross. 1719 I. Watts Psalms of David 291 Jesus our Priest for ever lives To plead for us above. 1864 E. R. Charles Chronicles of Schonberg-Cotta Family 289 Christ he knew already as the Confessor and Priest; the Holy Spirit as the personal teacher through His own Word. 1897 Chicago Advance 2 Dec. 779/3 The Gospel also is in danger..from partialism, because men do not fully realize what Christ is in his three offices of prophet, priest and king. 1901 C. Gore Body of Christ (1907) iii. §3. 192 This means that all our prayers and offerings have been united to the abiding sacrifice and offered by the Heavenly Priest. 1991 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 42 407 Perhaps the most important point that Weidner makes in his Introduction is his tracing of Newman's application to ecclesiology of the threefold office of Christ as Prophet, Priest and King. (b) In extended use, applied to all Christian believers, and to the Christian Church.After Revelation 1:6. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > [noun] > person(s) having ileaffulOE leaffulc1225 trowing1303 priestc1350 levera1400 trowera1400 believer?a1425 acknowledger1560 professor1597 credent1626 affiera1641 faithfullist1653 bhakta1828 society > faith > sect > Christianity > person > [noun] > collective holy churchc897 churcheOE brideOE ChristendomOE Christ's churchOE Christianitya1300 motherc1300 brotherheadc1384 Peter's bargea1393 Church of Christc1400 faithfulc1400 body of Christ?1495 congregation1526 husbandry1526 Peter's ship1571 mother church1574 St. Peter's ship1678 Peter's bark1857 Peter's boat1893 priest1897 c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 169 (MED) Þai shullen ben Iesu cristes prestes [Fr. prestre] & shullen regnen wiþ hym a þousande ȝer. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) Apoc. i. 6 Jhesu Crist..made us a kingdom, and prestes to God and to his fadir. c1400 Bk. to Mother (Bodl.) 25 (MED) Þou..hast made vs to God a kyngdom and prestes. a1500 (c1380) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 467 (MED) Alle men in heuene shulen be prestis. 1539 Bible (Great) Exod. xix. 6 Ye shall be vnto me also a kyngdome of prestes & an holy people.] a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 287 Every man should come to that Altar, as holy as the Priest, for there he is a Priest. 1810 J. Benson Bible I. Exod. xix. 6 Thus all believers are, through Christ, made to our God kings and priests. 1897 R. C. Moberly Ministerial Priesthood vii. §2. 256 Then the Church is God's priest in the world and for the world. 2000 Commercial Appeal (Memphis, Tennessee) (Nexis) 11 June b1 They looked the established church in the eye and said all believers are priests, equally responsible for evangelism, service and discipleship. 3. More generally: a clergyman, a cleric; a minister of the Christian religion.In Old English often translating Latin clericus. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > [noun] God's maneOE priestOE clerkc1050 secularc1290 vicary1303 minister1340 divinec1380 man of Godc1384 kirkmana1400 man of the churchc1400 cockc1405 Ecclesiastc1405 spiritual1441 ministrator1450 abbé1530 reverend1547 churchman1549 tippet-captain?1550 tippet knight1551 tippet man1551 public minister1564 reading minister1572 clergyman1577 clerk1577 padre1584 minstrel1586 spiritual1600 cleric1623 cassock1628 Levite1640 gownsman1641 teaching elder1642 ecclesiastic1651 religionist1651 crape1682 crape-gown-man1682 man in black1692 soul driver1699 secularist1716 autem jet1737 liturge1737 officiant1740 snub-devil1785 soul doctor1785 officiator1801 umfundisi1825 crape-man1826 clerical1837 God-man1842 Pfarrer1844 liturgist1848 white-choker1851 rook1859 shovel hat1859 sky pilot1865 ecclesiastical1883 joss-pidgin-man1886 josser1887 sin-shiftera1912 sin-buster1931 parch1944 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) vi. 57 Gemænes hades preostum [L. clerici extra sacros ordines constituti] is alyfed æfter ðæs halgan Gregorius tæcinge, þæt hi syferlice sinscipes brucon. OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Corpus Oxf.) v. xvii. 454 He [sc. Wilfrid] wæs to preoste besceoren fram him [L. attonsus est ab eo]... Þa fyligde hine Wilfrið his preost & his hondþeng [L. secutus est Vilfrid clericus illius]... On þa tid..wæs Willfrið to mæssepreoste gehalgad [L. presbyter ordinatus est]. OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 164 Presbiter, messepreost. Sacerdos, sacerd uel cyrcþingere. Clericus, preost uel þingere. OE tr. Theodulf of Orleans Capitula (Corpus Cambr.) xv. 321 Eac we beodað..þæt nænig mæssepreost oðres mæssepreostes preost ne wyrde, ne hyne ne spane [L. ut nullus uestrum alterius clericum sollicitet aut recipiat]. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 16011 Þu uindest ænne pape, preost mid þan bezste. c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 2070 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 166 (MED) Seint thomas..answerede is fon, ‘Ich am here, godus preost.’ c1400 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 475 (MED) Þen Cristen prestis, disciples of Crist and servauntus of hym, schulden not be so grete worldly lordis aboven þer mayster. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 412 Preeste, sacerdos, presbiter, capellanus. ?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 98^v A Preste, capellanus..geronta [1483 BL Add. 89074 adds geron]..presbiter..turifex, phanista. a1500 (c1380) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 475 (MED) He made hym lord of rome..& made hym & his cardenals ride in reed..so his prest shulde passe oþere. 1560 Bp. J. Pilkington Aggeus the Prophete sig. D j b They said it was neuer good worlde synce euery shoomaker could tel the priests duty. 1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre i. 6 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian For let Preists or private men speake as they are perswaded, I can say no other thing concerning God, but that he is absolutely good. 1661 F. Kirkman Presbyterian Lash Names Actors 2 Noctroffe a hot-headed Presbyterian Priest. 1705 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft 14 Priests of all Religions..are the Sticklers, and clap their Hands, and cry Hulloo. 1786 New Haven Gaz. 5 Oct. 267/2 The priest [sc. a married ‘minister’] took the hint. 1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab iv. 53 War is the statesman's game, the priest's delight. 1847 G. P. R. James Convict iv We are priests of different churches. 1873 M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma p. xiii Any imperfection or fallibility in the Bible..is the fault not of the people's want of culture, but of the priests and theologians, who for centuries have kept assuring the people that perfect and infallible the Bible is. 1951 Times 22 June 3/1 The article: ‘Should a Christian be a Freemason?’..was an attack on a brotherhood of princes and peers, priests and prelates. 1990 Bookseller 12 Oct. 1074/2 We all make mistakes, including priests, politicians, managers, trade union leaders, civil servants and people-in-the-street. 2000 Independent 7 Mar. ii. 6/4 In 1939, Evelyn Capel became one of the first women to be ordained priest in a modern Christian church; and the first woman in Britain to be ordained in the Christian Community, a movement for religious renewal. †4. An elder in the early Christian church, esp. in New Testament times. Cf. presbyter n. 1b. Obsolete. rare.Chiefly in early translations of Greek πρεσβύτερος, Latin presbyter, in New Testament. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > elder > [noun] priestOE senior1382 presbyter1528 lay elder1593 ruling elder1593 presbyter-bishop1654 lay presbyter1656 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxxviii. 519 Ðas þrowunge [sc. of St Andrew] awriton, þære þeode preostas [L. presbiteri], & þa ylcan diaconas þe hit eal gesawon. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) Titus i. 5 I lefte thee..that thou..ordeyne by cytees prestis [L. presbyteros; 1582 ( Rhem.) shouldest ordaine priestes by cities]. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Tim. v. 17 The prestis [L. presbyteri] that ben wel bifore, that is, treuly kepen presthod, be thei hadd worthi double honour. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 422 (MED) Peter spekith to suce preestis as he was him silf. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 30 (MED) Ilk prest of Crist was callid indifferently prest and bischop. 1563 J. Man tr. W. Musculus Common Places Christian Relig. 274 Thei do alleage the place of James [v. 14]: ‘Whan any bodie is sicke amongest you, let him brynge in the Priestes [L. inducat presbyteros] of the Churche and let them praie ouer him’. 5. a. An official minister of a religion other than Christianity or the ancient Hebrew religion.Originally implying sacrificial functions, but in later use often applied to the clerics or functionaries of any religion, whether sacrificial or not. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > heathen (general) priestc1275 flamenc1400 fire-kindler1563 clergyman1609 fetisheer1613 divinea1616 churchman1632 shaman1698 Baal-priest1834 santero1950 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 587 Brutus nam..enne preost of his lawen, þa weren on þan heðen dawen. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3922 Balaac..sente after balaam ðe prest. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 4 Kings xi. 18 Mathan..þe preest [L. sacerdotem] of baal, þei sloowen beforn þe auter. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 5412 In all egypti lefte he na land Vn-boght..Vte-tan þe landes o þat lede, þat taght was for þe preiste to fede. ?a1500 tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (Harl.) (1942) 36 (MED) Sche had corrupted þe prestes off þe law. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 10784 Therein Paris was put with prestis of þe laghe. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 55 The Priest doth sometimes reade vnto them some part of the Alcoran. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. ii. 5 Go bid the Priests do present Sacrifice. View more context for this quotation 1676 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 633 The Indians..have Priests, which are generally thought to be Conjurers. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 27 As Eastern Priests in giddy Circles run, And turn their heads to imitate the Sun. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 315 He had me educated by the priests of the Temple of Osiris. 1810 E. D. Clarke Trav. Var. Countries: Pt. 1st xv. 334 A party of the elder Calmucks, headed by their Priest. 1885 W. R. Smith in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 730/1 Orthodox Islam has never had real priests, doing religious acts on behalf of others. 1905 P. N. Mileiiukov Russia & Its Crisis iii. 68 The parson had to perform the same duty as the pagan priest; like a shaman, or popular wizard, he was asked to expel the evil spirits from houses and from fields, by magic rites and solemn incantations. 1971 Times 15 Sept. p.i/5 Proposals to modernize the education of Islamic priests and forbid rote Koran teaching to primary schoolchildren offend deeply devout Muslim feelings. 1995 Sunday Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 22 Jan. The [Buddhist] monks did not turn up for the meeting between the Pope and leaders of other religions at the Bandaranaike Memorial Conference Hall. Hindu and Muslim priests were present. †b. A priestess of an ancient pagan religion. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > female priest nuneOE priestress?a1439 priestc1440 priestess1594 presbyteress1651 c1440 Prose Life Alexander (Thornton) (1913) 29 (MED) A woman þat hiȝte zacora, whilke was preste of þat temple, talde Alexander þat þan was noȝte þe tyme of ansuere. 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 42 She was a pretty pinckany and Venus priest. 1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xxi. 227 Dia. My Temple stands in Ephesus..There when my maiden priests are met together [etc.] . View more context for this quotation 1613 G. Chapman Memorable Maske Inns of Court sig. A3^v A little more eleuate, sate Eunomia, the Virgine Priest of the Goddesse Honor. II. In extended uses. 6. figurative. A person whose function is likened to that of a priest, as: priest of nature, priest of science.See also high priest n. 2. ΚΠ 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 91 Ye sacred Muses..Whose Priest I am, whose holy Fillets wear. View more context for this quotation 1703 W. Sherlock Pract. Disc. Relig. Assemblies i. 64 Man is the Priest of Nature, who offers up the Praises and Thanksgivings of the whole Creation to God. 1790 J. Farrer Trial Abraham 7 Man alone..Endued with reason and an eye supine... The priest of nature he. 1807 W. Wordsworth Ode in Poems II. 151 The Youth, who daily farther from the east Must travel, still is Nature's Priest . View more context for this quotation a1811 R. T. Paine Wks. (1812) 264 Come, priest of Science, truth arrayed, And with thee bring each tuneful maid. 1827 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth I. 80 Homer and Aristotle, Shakspeare and Bacon, are the priests who preach and expound the mysteries of the universe. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xxxvii. 57 This faith has many a purer priest, And many an abler voice than thou. View more context for this quotation 1970 B. Benstock & T. F. Staley Approaches to Ulysses 58 Stephen..takes an artist's revenge for the crushing defeats the successful and admired priest of science has inflicted on him during the day. 2004 Statesman (India) (Nexis) 27 Aug. One can conclude that a scout is a priest of nature, a good social worker and is a true patriot. 7. Angling (chiefly Irish English). A mallet or other weapon used to kill a fish once it is caught and landed. Cf. to be (a person's) priest at Phrases. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > other fishing equipment > [noun] > mallet or stick to kill fish priest1851 gob stick1883 nobby1887 nobbler1888 killer1890 muckle1897 1851 H. Newland Erne 284 (note) Priest, a short wooden mallet, whose offices are required when the salmon is in extremis. 1890 F. W. Carew No. 747 xxii Micky Doolan's ‘Whiroo-ho-hoo’ as he gave it plenary absolution with ‘the Praste’, might have been heard in Tralee. 1900 W. Senior Pike & Perch xi. 175 The baton, or short cudgel, used to perform the last offices for captured fish is still called the ‘priest’, the name lingering, perhaps, more in Ireland than in England or Scotland. 1906 Macmillan's Mag. Nov. 28 Lydon..lifted an iron thole-pin for a ‘priest’, gave a couple of decisive taps, and then laid it on the boards of the boat. 1944 ‘N. Shute’ Pastoral (1950) 13 He had neither gaff nor landing-net nor priest. 1989 Times (Nexis) 2 Dec. When one nabs a trout, the next move is to whack it on the head with a cosh-like chunk of wood called a ‘priest’. Last rites, so to speak. 8. Angling. A kind of artificial fly. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > types of moor flylOE drake-flya1450 dub-flya1450 dun cut1496 dun fly1496 louper1496 red fly1616 moorish fly1635 palmer1653 palmer fly1653 red hackle1653 red palmer1653 shell-fly1653 orange fly1662 blackfly1669 dun1676 dun hackle1676 hackle1676 mayfly1676 peacock fly1676 thorn-tree fly1676 turkey-fly1676 violet-fly1676 whirling dun1676 badger fly1681 greenfly1686 moorish brown1689 prime dun1696 sandfly1700 grey midge1724 whirling blue1747 dun drake?1758 death drake1766 hackle fly1786 badger1787 blue1787 brown-fly1787 camel-brown1787 spinner1787 midge1799 night-fly1799 thorn-fly1799 turkey1799 withy-fly1799 grayling fly1811 sun fly1820 cock-a-bondy1835 brown moth1837 bunting-lark fly1837 governor1837 water-hen hackle1837 Waterloo fly1837 coachman1839 soldier palmer1839 blue jay1843 red tag1850 canary1855 white-tip1856 spider1857 bumble1859 doctor1860 ibis1863 Jock Scott1866 eagle1867 highlander1867 jay1867 John Scott1867 judge1867 parson1867 priest1867 snow-fly1867 Jack Scott1874 Alexandra1875 silver doctor1875 Alexandra fly1882 grackle1894 grizzly queen1894 heckle-fly1897 Zulu1898 thunder and lightning1910 streamer1919 Devon1924 peacock1950 1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling ix. 324 The Priest..is a good general fly. 2002 News of World (Nexis) 8 Dec. Try a little trout fly called The Priest. It's a spider version of a Butcher and has the same red tail and silver body with a black hackle instead of wings. 9. Either of two German breeds of pouter pigeon having one or two crests on the head; a bird of either of these breeds. Now usually with distinguishing word. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > other types porcelainc1530 turn-pate1611 light horseman1661 runt1661 smiter1668 helmet1676 mammet1678 Cortbeck1688 turbit1688 turner1688 dragoon1725 finicking1725 Leghorn1725 nun1725 owl1725 petit1725 trumpeter1725 horseman1735 Mahomet1735 barbel1736 turn-tail1736 frill-back1765 blue rock1825 beard1826 ice pigeon1829 toy1831 black1839 skinnum1839 splash1851 whole-feather1851 spangle1854 swallow1854 shield1855 stork pigeon1855 Swabian1855 yellow1855 archangel1867 dragon1867 starling1867 magpie1868 smerle1869 bluette1870 cumulet1876 oriental1876 spot fairy1876 turbiteen1876 blondinette1879 hyacinth1879 Modena pigeon1879 silver-dun1879 silverette1879 silver-mealy1879 swift pigeon1879 Victoria1879 visor1879 ice1881 swallow pigeon1881 velvet fairy1881 priesta1889 frill1890 a1889 R. Fulton Illustr. Bk. Pigeons xxv. 349 Priests... These are of four recognised kinds—Black, Red, Yellow, and Blue. 1904 Times 6 Jan. 8/5 Priests, birds rarely seen nowadays at exhibitions. 1936 A. R. W. Woods in Pigeons of Today 199 The Priest proper has a shell crest and a circular ‘rose’ of feathers over forehead. 1984 D. F. Ison Fancy Pigeon Standards (ed. 2) 218 The South German Blassen Priest carries the same head markings as the Saxon Priest with the exception that the Blassen is single crested. Phrases † to be (a person's) priest: to kill (a person). Obsolete.With allusion to the function of a priest in performing the last offices to the dying. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (intransitive)] to shed blood?a1100 to let blood?c1225 to be (a person's) priesta1450 shortena1535 kill1535 to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568 to trip (also turn, tumble, kick, etc.) up a person's heels1587 to make dice of (a person's) bones1591 to put out (also quench) a person's light(s)1599 account1848 to fix1875 a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 3858 (MED) The Iren with the hawberk met Right ageyn the self brest; Wel nigh it had ben his prest. a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iv. viii. sig. H.j^v Away loute and lubber, or I shall be thy priest. 1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iii. sig. E4 Who first laies hand on me, ile be his Priest. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 272 And to preserue my Soueraigne from his Foe, Say but the word, and I will be his Priest . View more context for this quotation 1661 Thracian Wonder i. i This hand shall be his Priest that dares agen presume to speak for her. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 32 Anither day like this 'll be my priest. 1810 J. Cock Simple Strains 135 Syne claught the fellow by the breast, An' wi' an awfu' shak, Swore he wad shortly be his priest. 1845 D. Trumbull Death of Capt. Nathan Hale v. i. 28 He asked me to bring him a Bible, and send a minister..but I won't do it; I won't take the one, nor send the other—I'll be his priest myself. Compounds C1. Appositive. priest-astronomer n. ΚΠ 1872 tr. C. F. Dupuis Origin All Relig. Worship 107 A correspondence so complete..leaves no doubt, that the priest-astronomer, who composed it, had merely described the course of the Moon in the Heavens. 1960 F. E. M. D. Winkler Man: Bridge between Two Worlds vii. 137 The priest-astronomer looked up to the starry heaven and found that the heavenly clock had struck a new hour. 2004 Asheville Citizen-Times (Nexis) 2 Feb. 3 b How carefully did ancient Maya priest-astronomers track Venus across the night sky. priest chaplain n. ΚΠ 1654 E. Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 133 Wee found him besett close with Walter Montague, his priest chaplaine. 1897 Bristol Times & Mirror 6 Oct. 13/1 Albert Boudier, priest, born 4 August, 1824. at rest 14 June, 1897, 18 years rector of this parish; formerly priest-chaplain of St. Mary's Warwick. 2004 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Little Rock) (Nexis) 19 June He..served as..priest chaplain at St. Mary's Hospital in Rogers. priest-doctor n. ΚΠ 1881 Catholic World Nov. 253 Such was the end of the gifted and the fallen, the persecutor of honest Andrew Borde, the ‘priestdoctor’ of Hampshire. 1948 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 14 May 13/4 There were many dangers for a Roman Catholic priest-doctor such as Father DesLauriers. Bandits swarmed the countryside and the communist armies were little more than 200 miles from his parish. 2005 Panafrican News Agency (Nexis) 23 June Holding demonstrations to denounce..the perverse behaviour of this priest-doctor. priest hermit n. ΚΠ c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 128 (MED) Þe maister of his felowship went & shrafe hym vnto a preste hermett. 1894 Atlantic Monthly Jan. 53/2 There he was as priest hermit in a chapel, and lived in poverty and in holy prayers. 2003 News of World (Nexis) 15 June Mother Frances the South Armagh priest hermit and I are working on a new book. priest-king n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > king > [noun] > other types of king folk-kingOE boy-king1603 priest-king1606 shepherd king1744 king-emperor1789 society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > also a ruler priest-king1606 priest-ruler1891 1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. iii. 169 The while this Priest-King sacrifiz'd To's clov'n-foot God in Bethel (self-devis'd). 1877 J. E. Carpenter tr. C. P. Tiele Outl. Hist. Relig. 55 Lower Egypt throws off the yoke of the priest-Kings of Thebes. 1920 H. G. Wells Outl. Hist. iii. xix. 124/2 The beginnings of organized war, first as a bickering between villages, and then as a more disciplined struggle between the priest-king and god of one city and those of another [in Mesopotamia]. 1995 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 21 Sept. 32/1 He was more like a priest-king, a combination of the Pope and a constitutional monarch. priest-knight n. ΚΠ 1826 W. E. Andrews Exam. Fox's Cal. Protestant Saints 47 The cause for which the priest-knight and the duchess-gentlewoman suffered. 1911 H. R. Haggard Red Eve viii. 119 She knelt down and gave thanks as the old priest-knight had bidden her. Then she rose, took his hand and kissed it. 2000 Turkish Daily News (Nexis) 3 Nov. Tantan later said that they were a force consisting of priest-knights first created in Jerusalem in 1099 to protect a temple. priest-noble n. ΚΠ 1872 W. Bagehot Physics & Politics i. iv. 38 The policy of the old priest-nobles of Egypt and India. 1951 Amer. Hist. Rev. 56 882 The prototype émigré was not Talleyrand, the priest-noble. 1993 Leisureways (Nexis) Oct. 32 Governed by priest-nobles, these..people built thousands of cities in a territory encompassing southern Mexico and the Yucatan Peninsula, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras and El Salvador. priest-philosopher n. ΚΠ 1651 E. Nevill To Mem. W. Cartwright in W. Cartwright Poems Lost all at once, in the same Sepulcher Lies the best Poet-Priest-Philosopher.] 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. ii. ii. 76 'Twas satisfaction enough to the Priest-Philosopher. 1868 C. Turner Small Tableaux 87 The priest-philosopher, who lurks within That screen of Christmas hollies, though empowered For other ends, takes pay for conscious sin. 1986 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 24 May 8 c The Jesuit priest-philosopher, who is allied with the Salvadoran liberation theologian Jon Sobrino, said the Pope has largely forfeited a persuasive moral role. priest-poet n. ΚΠ a1750 A. Hill Wks. (1753) 286 Bid the priest Poet consecrate the rage Of a wrong'd nation's curses. 1895 Pop. Sci. Monthly Aug. 440 The priest-poet, appointed eulogizer of the deity he serves, is the first poet. 1995 Church Times 23 June 20/3 The forging of Centuries and the youthful priest-poet's other writings remains miraculous even to the most knowing expert on the brilliance of 17th-century religious literature. priest-prince n. ΚΠ 1877 J. E. Carpenter tr. C. P. Tiele Outl. Hist. Relig. 56 The conflict of the Ethiopian priest-princes..was in part national. 1949 Waukesha (Wisconsin) Daily Freeman 29 Oct. 4/1 Communist knuckles have been rapped..by the Dalai Lama, mysterious priest-prince of the mountain kingdom of Tibet. 1993 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 53 440 The Priest-Prince Son'en..expresses doubt when he reaches the ‘Devadatta’ stage. priest-ruler n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun] > who is a priest priest-ruler1891 society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > also a ruler priest-king1606 priest-ruler1891 1891 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. & Hist. Fine Arts 7 122 Already by their aid a considerable list of the ancient kings and patesi, or priest-rulers, of this city had been established. 1920 H. G. Wells Outl. Hist. iii. xvi. 94/2 There [i.e. in the Euphrates-Tigris valley] flourished the first temples and the first priest-rulers that we know of among mankind. 1996 Earth Matters Autumn 21/1 The Kogi priest-rulers, the Mamas, believe that their rituals, meditations and offerings are necessary for the welfare of all life on Earth. priest-statesman n. ΚΠ 1884 Morning Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) 22 Sept. Lawrence Barrett will assume the character of the..priest-statesman [sc. Richelieu], one of his most ambitious and impressive roles. 1988 P. Hofmann Viennese: Splendor, Twilight, & Exile iv. 204 Although a son of the people, the frigid priest-statesman seemed singularly un-Viennese in his stern ways and lack of folksiness. priest-victim n. ΚΠ 1895 W. E. Gladstone in 19th Cent. Dec. 1074 The recovery of this race..is by a Priest-Victim foreshadowed in ancient predictions. 1984 Daily Intelligencer (Doylestown, Pa.) 4 Nov. A3/2 Let Poles of different social circles meet not crying over the coffin of the priest victim but at the table in talk and dialogue. C2. Of or relating to a priest or priests; priestly.See also priestcraft n. † priest-death n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1865 C. Kingsley Hereward iv in Good Words Feb. 95/1 Dead is he, a bed-death, A leech-death, a priest-death, A straw-death, a cow's-death. Such doom I desire not. † priest-flock n. Obsolete ΚΠ c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 489 Talde laȝhess preste flocc Comm all off þa twa prestess. priest-kingdom n. ΚΠ 1873 R. Jamieson Commentary on Old & New Testaments 588/2 Abraham from the East..conquering the Chaldean kings is a type of Israel's victorious restoration to the priest-kingdom. 1905 Expositor Mar. 185 The character assumed by the Maccabaean priest-kingdom. 2003 Western Daily Press (Nexis) 27 Dec. (News section) 22 Tibet, the romantic and mountainous priest-kingdom, was the back-door to Russia and to British India. † priest linen n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1561 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 175 Thre fardellis prest lynnyng, allegit schippit be Anthonie Triciane. priest massacre n. ΚΠ 1709 Ld. Shaftesbury Sensus Communis: Ess. Freedom of Wit 40 Much less wou'd you..have carry'd on this Magophony, or Priest-Massacre, with such a barbarous Zeal. 1990 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 14 May B4/1 (heading) El Salvador stalling on priest massacre. † priest-trap n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar iii. ii. 36 A Priest-trap at their door to lay, For holy Vermin that in houses prey. 1732 H. Fielding Old Debauchees iii. viii. 35 A fine Woman is as good a Bait for a Priest-trap, as toasted Cheese is for a Mouse-trap. C3. Objective, with reference to the treatment of Roman Catholic priests under the Penal Laws. Now historical. priest-baiting adj. and n. ΚΠ 1892 E. S. Beesly Queen Elizabeth iv. 52 Moray failed to elicit a spark of spirit out of the priest-baiting citizens of Edinburgh. 1899 Q. Rev. Apr. 456 The crowd..cheerfully joined the sport of priest-baiting. 1973 Amer. Jrnl. Legal Hist. 17 377 Cromwell [is] no longer viewed as a Robespierrean and Stalinesque figure who enjoyed monk hunting and priest baiting. 1999 Weekend Australian (Nexis) 16 Oct. (Review section) r32 The Thornbirds, a movie of infinite temptations and furtive meetings.., certainly caused a flutter among eager priest-baiting breasts. priest-catcher n. ΚΠ 1688 J. Knatchbull Diary in Notes & Queries (1864) 3rd Ser. VI. 2/1 We should pay that respect to our Priest-catchers they expected att our hands. 1886 J. Gillow Literary & Biogr. Hist. Eng. Catholics II. 531 One of those objectionable officials called pursuivants or priest-catchers. 2003 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 14 Sept. 11 Beneath is a brief biography in Spanish listing their name, any alias they used to ward off priest-catchers in England, plus their place of birth and death. priest-catching adj. and n. ΚΠ 1644 Mercurius Civicus 17–25 July 587 He would have nothing to doe with such priest-catching Knaves. 1714 Hue & Cry 1 Priest-catching..The Damndest Trade none but a Rogue e're follows, Ever rewarded with a Rope and Gallows. 1998 Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio) (Nexis) 1 June 9 b There was a bounty on their heads—20 British pounds for a priest, 10 for a Catholic schoolmaster. Priest-catching became a trade. priest-harbouring n. ΚΠ 1894 H. Fishwick Hist. Lancs. 222 Priest-harbouring was soon amongst the most prolific causes of arrest and imprisonment. 2000 16th Cent. Jrnl. 31 186 Margaret Clitherow converted to Catholicism and..was tried for priest-harboring. priest-hunter n. ΚΠ 1687 R. L'Estrange Brief Hist. Times 135 Where was the Free-born Subjects Liberty, When..Priest-Hunters, and Prince-Hunters, were One and the Same sort of People? 1875 H. Foley Rec. Eng. Prov. S.J. I. i. 493 Mr. Wiseman..got the priest-hunters to come there at midnight with their band. 2001 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 4 Nov. d11 Each ingenious and deceptive trap he can make to confound the intrusive priest-hunters fulfils his own desire for revenge. priest-taker n. ΚΠ 1679 Bradley in R. Mansel Narr. Popish Plot (1680) 49 She heard the said Lawton was a Priest-taker. 1850 E. B. O'Callaghan Documentary Hist. State N.-Y. III. 111 (note) He was a friar, but fell so low as to become priest taker. 1995 Irish Times (Nexis) 19 July 13 Though at times the men who wore these chasubles, or used these chalice veils might be hunted by priest-takers,..the extravagance of their vestments suggests a swaggering indifference to state hostility. C4. Objective and instrumental. See also priest-ridden adj. † priest-striver n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 27 He says not, they were priest-strivers, but were like priest-strivers, persons whose habit it was to strive with those who spoke in God's Name. priest-educated adj. ΚΠ 1908 N.E.D. at Priest sb. Priest-educated. 1938 J. C. Powys Enjoyment of Lit. xx. 500 In the case of Joyce's priesteducated Stephen, the author identifies himself completely with the character's thoughts. 1964 Hispanic Amer. Hist. Rev. 44 593 That speculations approximating ‘philosophy’ in Western culture were..indulged in by the more profound and sensitive members of the priesthood and the priest-educated aristocracy seems virtually certain. priest-guarded adj. ΚΠ 1848 E. Cook He without Sin i A simple creed, Whose saving might has no priest-guarded bound. 1929 H. Allen New Legends 85 Stars Burned more intensely like blue funeral lamps Hung in the vaults of old priest-guarded tombs. priest-hating adj. ΚΠ 1872 N.Y. Herald 28 Aug. 4/1 When a resolute, priest-hating man like Theodorus came into power, he was good game for a German like Mr. Zander. 1934 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 16 May 24/2 Then came the hostile constitution of 1857, compiled and promulgated by the priest-hating Benito Juarez. 1997 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 30 Mar. m6 In the camp he was singled out for special treatment by a priest-hating German convict named Krott. priest-led adj. ΚΠ 1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης xv. 142 Those Priest-led Herodians with thir blind guides are in the Ditch already. 1871 G. MacDonald Sonnets conc. Jesus xviii Despised! rejected by the priest-led roar Of multitudes! 1997 Jrnl. Southern Afr. Stud. 23 299 Manyika migrants from the south arrived..demanding the founding of Regina Coeli mission along with priest-led churches. priest-prompted adj. ΚΠ 1845 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 2) 210 As guiltless..As is the oracle of an extinct god Of its priest-prompted answer. 1876 F. F. Fargo Memorial of City & County Hall Opening Ceremonies 23 Is there in the world's history a recorded cry so fiendish as that one, priest-prompted, of the Jewish populace: Release to us Barrabas. 1937 P. E. White Doctr. Trinity Analytically examined & Refuted (1996) i. v This fact was preached by Jesus only a few hours before the time when He..was prepared to stand for truth against the priest-prompted accusations of His countrymen. C5. Compounds with priest's. † priest's bonnet n. Obsolete rare (a) a plant (not identified, perhaps = priest's hood n.); (b) = priest's cap n. (b). ΚΠ 1685 J. Chamberlayne tr. A. Colmenero de Ladesma Treat. Chocolate in P. S. Dufour Manner of making Coffee, Tea, & Chocolate 7 The Berries grow on a tree much like our Priests Bonnet. 1778 Milit. Dict. at Horn work Ouvrage a corne, is an outwork which the French engineers prefer before Tenailles, Swallow Tails, or Priest Bonnets, because it takes in a great deal of ground and has a better defence. priest's cap n. (also priest cap) (a) a cap worn by a priest; (b) Fortification an outwork with three salient and two re-entrant angles. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > outwork > angular outworks priest's cap1446 priest's bonnet1685 swallowtail1688 flèche1710 arrow1747 1446 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1865) III. 102 (MED) De vj preste caps, syngle, ij s. De ij preste caps, duplicibus, xviij d. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Bonnet à Prestre, or the Priest's Cap, in Fortification, is an Out-work having at the Head three Saliant Angles, and two Inwards. 1887 R. B. Irwin in Battles & Leaders Civ. War III. 595 Paine attacked..at..the strongest point of the whole work, the priest-cap near the Jackson road. 1945 French Rev. 18 150 At times English uses the French phrase unchanged as well as an Anglicization..Bonnet de prêtre (a term for fortification) or priestcap or priest's cap. 1998 Northern Echo (Nexis) 1 Aug. 10 Fr Daley enters for his penultimate Sunday mass wearing a biretta, the once familiar priest's cap. priest's crown n. (also †priest crown) now English regional a dandelion (from the resemblance of the receptacle, after the downy seeds have dispersed, to a priest's tonsure); the receptacle of a dandelion after the seeds have dispersed; †the pappus of a dandelion (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > dandelion priest's crownc1300 monk's-head?c1400 dandelion1513 lion's tooth1562 pissabed1565 swine snout1596 canker1640 leontodon1807 c1300 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 67 [Caput Monachi] anglice prestes-croune. c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 59 (MED) Tak þe jus of soleskill & preste crown & madir, of aþer illik mekill, & drynk it fastand. ?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 99 Preyst crowne, quedam herba vel flos. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 258/2 Prestes crowne that flyeth about in somer, barbedieu. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Also Dandelion, Priests crown, Swines snout, Monkshead or Dogs teeth. 1886 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names 389 Priest's crown... Because the naked receptacle, after the seeds are blown away, resembles the shaven head of a priest. 1955 G. Grigson Englishman's Flora 394 Dandelion..Priest's Crown. 1994 Chichester Observer 2 June 25 Children used to have great fun blowing the ‘clock’ of [dandelion] seeds... The bald head was called ‘the priest's crown’, the unopened bud ‘the swine's snout’. priest's hole n. (also priest hole) now historical a secret chamber or similar hiding place for a Roman Catholic priest, esp. in Elizabethan and Jacobean England. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > a secret place, hiding place > [noun] > passage or chamber secretaryc1440 priest's hole1660 thalamus1850 serdab1877 coulisse1903 1660 S. Pepys Diary 23 May (1970) I. 156 At a Catholique house, he was fain to lie in the priests hole a good while. 1757 D. Hume Hist. Great Brit. II. i. 31 As he passed often thro' the hands of Catholics, the Priest's hole, as they called it, the place, where they were obliged to conceal their persecuted priests, was sometimes employed for sheltering their distressed sovereign. 1890 D. B. W. Sladen Lester the Loyalist 5 The panels hid priest-holes Guarding no longer priests, but massive plate and cut crystal. 1994 Remnant 15 July 11/2 Attending a Tridentine Mass evokes the feelings of those Catholics in Elizabethan-Protestant England who attended the Mass of some fugitive priest in hiding, who came out of the priest-hole. priest's hood n. now historical wild arum, Arum maculatum (so called from the form of the spathe); = priest in the pulpit n. (b) at Compounds 6; cf. monkshood n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Araceae (wake-robin and allies) > [noun] dragonsc1000 cuckoo-pintlea1400 yekestersea1400 aaron?c1425 calf's-footc1450 cuckoo-spitc1450 rampa1500 priest's hood1526 wake-robin1530 green dragon1538 arum1551 cuckoo-pint1551 dragonwort1565 priest's pintle1578 tarragon1591 starch root1596 friar's cowl1597 friar's-hood1597 starchwort1597 dragon serpentine1598 dragon's-herb1600 small dragonwort1674 dumb cane1696 skunk weed1735 polecat weed1743 lords and ladies1755 mucka-mucka1769 skunk cabbage1778 bloody man's finger1787 green dragon1789 swamp-cabbage1792 priest in the pulpit1837 orontiad1846 arad1853 cows and calves1853 bulls and cows1863 skunk cabbage1869 aroid1876 Adam and Eve1877 stallion1878 cunjevoi1889 1526 Grete Herball ccxv. sig. Nj^v/1 Some call it prestes hode, for it hath as it were a cape & a tongue in it lyke serpentyne of dragons. 1889 J. Britten & R. Holland Eng. Plant Names 389 Priest's Hood. Arum maculatum, L. 2002 Times (Nexis) 18 Dec. (Features section) 19 The wild arum has had many country names including cuckoo-pint, pop-lady, lords and ladies, priest's hood and monk's cowl. priest's pintle n. (also †priest pintle) now English regional (a) any of several orchids, esp. early purple orchid, Orchis mascula; (b) wild arum, Arum maculatum; = priest's hood n.; cf. cuckoo-pintle n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Araceae (wake-robin and allies) > [noun] dragonsc1000 cuckoo-pintlea1400 yekestersea1400 aaron?c1425 calf's-footc1450 cuckoo-spitc1450 rampa1500 priest's hood1526 wake-robin1530 green dragon1538 arum1551 cuckoo-pint1551 dragonwort1565 priest's pintle1578 tarragon1591 starch root1596 friar's cowl1597 friar's-hood1597 starchwort1597 dragon serpentine1598 dragon's-herb1600 small dragonwort1674 dumb cane1696 skunk weed1735 polecat weed1743 lords and ladies1755 mucka-mucka1769 skunk cabbage1778 bloody man's finger1787 green dragon1789 swamp-cabbage1792 priest in the pulpit1837 orontiad1846 arad1853 cows and calves1853 bulls and cows1863 skunk cabbage1869 aroid1876 Adam and Eve1877 stallion1878 cunjevoi1889 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > orchids satyrionOE bollockwort?a1300 sanicle14.. bollock?a1425 martagon1548 orchis1559 dogstones1562 hare's-ballocks1562 stone1562 bollock grass1578 dog's cods1578 dog's cullions1578 double-leaf1578 fly-orchis1578 goat's cullions1578 goat's orchis1578 priest's pintle1578 twayblade1578 bee-orchis1597 bifoil1597 bird's nest1597 bird's orchis1597 butterfly orchis1597 fenny-stones1597 gelded satyrion1597 gnat satyrion1597 humble-bee orchis1597 lady's slipper1597 sweet ballocks1597 two-blade1605 cullions1611 bee-flower1626 fly-flower1640 man orchis1670 musk orchis1670 moccasin flower1680 gnat-flower1688 faham tea1728 Ophrys1754 green man orchis1762 Arethusa1764 honey flower1771 cypripedium1775 rattlesnake plantain1778 Venus's slipper1785 Adam and Eve1789 lizard orchis179. epidendrum1791 Pogonia?1801 Vanda1801 cymbidium1815 Oncidium1822 putty-root1822 Noah's Ark1826 yellow moccasin1826 gongora1827 cattleya1828 green man1828 nervine1828 stanhopea1829 dove-flower1831 catasetum1836 Odontoglossum1836 Miltonia1837 letter plant1838 spread eagle1838 letter-leaf1839 swan-plant1841 orchid1843 disa1844 masdevallia1845 Phalaenopsis1846 faham1850 Indian crocus1850 moccasin plant1850 pleione1851 dove orchis1852 nerve root1854 Holy Ghost flower1862 basket-plant1865 lizard's tongue1866 mousetail1866 Sobralia1866 swan-neck1866 swanwort1866 Indian shoe1876 odontoglot1879 wreathewort1879 moth orchid1880 rattlesnake orchid1881 dendrobe1882 dove-plant1882 Madeira orchis1882 man orchis1882 swan-flower1884 slipper-orchid1885 slipper orchis1889 mayflower1894 scorpion orchid1897 moederkappie1910 dove orchid1918 monkey orchid1925 man orchid1927 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. lvi. 222 The first kinde is called in Greeke ὄρχις, Orchis..in English..Priest pintell. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. vii. 323 This plant is called..in Latine Arum:..in English also it is commonly called Aron, Priestes pyntill, Cockowpintell. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 56/1 A Dog-stone flower..is generally known by the name of Priest-Pintle, or Goat-Stones. 1768 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. (ed. 8) II. Index Priest's Pintle, see Arum. 1885 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) 269 Priest's pintle, the early purple orchis, Orchis mascula. 1886 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names 389 Priest's Pintle, Arum maculatum, L.... Cumb.; Derb.; Durh.; Linc. 2003 London (Ont.) Free Press (Nexis) 29 Nov. (Homes section) s8 Priest's pintle is just one of many names for arisaema triphyllum, or jack-in-the-pulpit, a flower found in the eastern forests. C6. priestfish n. U.S. †(a) a fish (not identified) of the Atlantic coast of North America (obsolete); (b) the black rockfish, Sebastes melanops, common along the Pacific coast of North America (now rare). ΚΠ 1672 J. Josselyn New-Englands Rarities 29 Priest Fish or Sea Priest. 1886 Harper's Mag. Apr. 689/2 The priest-fish that rose up from the waves all cowled to receive the dead who were thrown over-board. 1933 W. H. Chute Guide John G. Shedd Aquarium 129 Sebastosomus mystinus—Priestfish; Black rockfish. This..reaches a length of fourteen inches and receives the name Priestfish from the dark color of its skin. priest-ill n. English regional (now rare) the ague. ΚΠ 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II. 646/1 Priest-ill. 1903 S. Hewett in Eng. Dial. Dict. IV. 620/1 [Somerset] In a village near Burnham where the ague is prevalent..a man told me that the ‘vokes about yer did get priest-ill or trembling fevers in the autumn time.’ priest-in-charge n. a priest designated to take charge of a parish, mission, etc., esp. in the absence of a permanent incumbent. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] curate-in-charge1819 priest-in-charge1888 1888 Musical Times 29 683 The absence..of the Rev. W. A. Leonard, D.D., rector of the parish..renders it impossible for us to obtain his signature to this letter...Very respectfully, J. M. E. McKee, Priest in charge, St. John's parish. 1941 A. Thirkell Northbridge Rectory iii. 59 At St. Sycorax, where he was priest-in-charge, a title which gave him deep pleasure, he indulged in a perfect orgy of incense and vestments. 1977 K. M. MacMorran & K. J. T. Elphinstone Handbk. Churchwardens (new ed.) vi. 61 The unbeneficed clergy..fall into two classes: first, ministers in charge of benefices which for the time being lack the services of any incumbent (generally called ‘curates-in-charge’ or ‘priests-in-charge’). 2000 Church Times 25 Feb. 19/3 He..became Rector of St Luke's, Que Que (Southern Rhodesia), and was also Priest-in-Charge of St Martin's Mission for five years, travelling hundreds of miles into the bundu. priest in the pulpit n. †(a) U.S. the showy orchis, Galearis spectabilis, having flowers in which the upper petals and sepals form a pink or purple hood above the white lip; cf. preacher-in-the-pulpit n. at preacher n. Compounds 3 (obsolete); (b) English regional wild arum, Arum maculatum (the spathe of the flower representing the pulpit, and the spadix the priest); = priest's hood n. at Compounds 5. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Araceae (wake-robin and allies) > [noun] dragonsc1000 cuckoo-pintlea1400 yekestersea1400 aaron?c1425 calf's-footc1450 cuckoo-spitc1450 rampa1500 priest's hood1526 wake-robin1530 green dragon1538 arum1551 cuckoo-pint1551 dragonwort1565 priest's pintle1578 tarragon1591 starch root1596 friar's cowl1597 friar's-hood1597 starchwort1597 dragon serpentine1598 dragon's-herb1600 small dragonwort1674 dumb cane1696 skunk weed1735 polecat weed1743 lords and ladies1755 mucka-mucka1769 skunk cabbage1778 bloody man's finger1787 green dragon1789 swamp-cabbage1792 priest in the pulpit1837 orontiad1846 arad1853 cows and calves1853 bulls and cows1863 skunk cabbage1869 aroid1876 Adam and Eve1877 stallion1878 cunjevoi1889 1837 W. Darlington Flora Cestrica (ed. 2) 504 O. spectabilis... Showy Orchis. Vulgo—Priest in the Pulpit. 1907 Daily News 28 May 11/2 It is known also as Wake-Robin, Cuckoo Pint, and Lords-and-Ladies, but neither of these names describes the plant so well as the quaint Priest-in-the-Pulpit. 1988 N. Curry Ships in Bottles 77 Blatant in the hedge-bottom, and poking up like a stiff little purple prick that liberal shepherds would laugh at—a euphemism was needed: Dead Men's Fingers, Priest in the Pulpit. priest-monk n. a monk who is also a priest; cf. hieromonach n. ΚΠ 1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 187/1 And to fynde iii Prestes Monkes dayly to sey iii masses perpetuelly for the soule of seid Fadre. 1881 T. E. Bridgett Hist. Holy Eucharist II. 167 Regulations regarding the private masses of the priest-monks. 1990 R. Graham God's Dominion xvi. 364 Brother-monks no longer suffered segregation, humiliation, and second-class conditions at the hands of the priest-monks, who alone had voted for the abbot and been given private quarters (though only a priest may still be an abbot). priest vicar n. (in some cathedrals) the name of a vicar choral who is a priest; a minor canon. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > other clergy > [noun] > vicar choral vicar choral1587 priest vicar1688 1688 Bp. G. Burnet Exped. Prince of Orange 5 The Prince commanded Dr. Burnet to order the Priest, Vicars [1744 corrected to Priest-Vicars] of the Cathedral, not to pray for the prince of Wales. 1795 Coll. Anthems 145 (heading) Verse anthems. By The Rev. Robert Bacon, M.A. Priest Vicar of the Cathedral Church at Salisbury. 1837–8 Act 1 & 2 Vict. c. 106 §39 Any spiritual person, being Prebendary, Canon, Priest Vicar, Vicar Choral, or Minor Canon in any Cathedral or Collegiate Church. 1996 Church Times 5 Jan. 4/3 The Revd Douglas Alfred Rhymes..Priest Vicar of Southwark Cathedral, in charge of All Hallows' (1950–54). priest-worker n. [originally after French prêtre-ouvrier (1906 in the name of the Alliance des prêtres-ouvriers, or earlier)] (originally and chiefly with reference to France) a Roman Catholic priest who earns his living by doing manual or industrial work, esp. during the period after the Second World War (now chiefly historical); (also more widely) any priest engaged, typically part-time, in secular work; cf. worker priest n. at worker n. Compounds 2c. ΚΠ 1908 Donahoe's Mag. Jan. 65 (heading) Priest-workers in France. 1947 C. H. Bishop France Alive v. 70 The only thing to do was for priests to make their own living by manual labor... Father ‘N’ knows of ten young workmen who want to become priest-workers. 1969 Social Res. 36 244 There is a growing class consciousness among these priest-workers [in Chile], who..emphasize simply living with the poor, working at secular trades and participating in community enterprises. 1970 Daily Tel. 29 Dec. 11/3 The Anglican church makes a distinction between worker-priests, who exercise a priestly function at their workplace, and priest-workers, who do an ordinary job, then return to parish work, usually as curate, in their ‘spare time’. 2013 F. J. Coppa Life & Pontificate of Pope Pius XII 259 He pleased conservatives but upset liberals by suppressing the priest workers in France. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). priestv. Brit. /priːst/, U.S. /prist/ Forms: see priest n. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: priest n. Etymology: < priest n. †1. intransitive. To exercise the ministry or functions of a priest. Also (rare) transitive with it. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > to act as a priest [verb (intransitive)] priest1642 c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 30 (MED) But for it is writun, Prestis þat prestun wel, bi þei worþi had dowble honor. 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. lxvii^v Courters become prestis nought knowynge but the dyce They preste not for god, but for a benefyce. 1631 W. Lisle Faire Æthiopian 184 The Priest of Memphis had them guided thence! And him then seeke I, but I found him dead; A sonne of his then priesting in his stead. 1642 T. Goodwin Christ set Forth v. ii. 120 Christ had not been an High-Priest, if he had not gone to heaven, and Priested it there too, (as I may so speak). 2. transitive. To make (a person) a priest; to ordain to the priesthood. Usually in passive. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > to make a priest [verb (transitive)] priest1504 society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > ordination > ordain [verb (transitive)] > as priest priest1504 frock1896 1504 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 97 Tyll he be of lawfull age to be prystyd. 1568 (a1508) W. Kennedy Flyting (Bannatyne) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 210 Thow wes prestyt and ordanit be Sathan, For to be borne to do thy kin defame. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 285 One Stephen was made Pope, who..doth first unpriest, and afterwardes newpriest agayne all such as Const. before him had priested. 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (Phil. i. 1) And yet how eager were our late factours for Rome to have priested us all. 1663 E. Waterhouse Fortescutus Illustratus xl. 478 The Philosopher in his Politiques prohibits Husbandmen or men of sordid life to be priested. 1731 Anat. Eng. Nunnery in Portugal in Phœnix Britannicus 335 This Father Strange was a Young man, and had been lately before Professed and Priested among the Jesuits. 1788 J. St. John Lett. from France II. 61 As to the Irish priests, that is to say, those who being priested in Ireland, come to make their studies afterwards; they as yet occupy the old college of the Lombards. 1823 J. Jebb in C. Forster Life App. 721 Deacons seeking to be priested, must exhibit their letters of orders. 1896 J. H. Wylie Hist. Eng. Henry IV III. 394 John was only in deacon's orders, but he was priested by Cardinal Brogny. 1953 Wellsboro (Pa.) Gaz. 19 Mar. 1/2 After graduation from Nashotah House Divinity School he was priested and served several churches in that area. 1994 Times 21 Feb. 8/3 About 1,000 women deacons have gone through a process of discernment to help the bishop to decide whether they should be priested. †3. transitive. Of a priest: to bless. Obsolete. rare.In quot. 1896: to marry. ΚΠ 1603 [implied in: S. Harsnett Declar. Popish Impostures 80 To have a precious payre of priested gloves..[such] as they may use against any Sparrow-blasting or Sprite-blasting of the Devil. (at priested adj. 1)]. 1896 P. A. Graham Red Scaur 265 She and me had made it up to get priested in spite of them. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOEv.c1475
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priestn.

Phrases

Compounds

priestv.