primum mobilen.

Brit.

/ˌprʌɪməm ˈməʊbᵻli/,

/ˌpriːməm ˈməʊbᵻli/, U.S.

/ˌpraɪməm ˈmoʊbəˌli/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin primum mobile.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin primum mobile (from c1230 in British sources; also primus motus (c1230 in a British source), primus motor (from c1200 in British sources), primum movens (from 13th cent. in British sources)), literally ‘first moving thing’ < classical Latin prīmum , neuter of prīmus prime adj. + mōbilē , use as noun of neuter of mōbilis mobile adj.¹, after Arabic al-muḥarrik al-awwal first mover (a1037 in Avicenna). With sense 2 compare ancient Greek τὸ πρῶτον κινῆσαν prime mover, also πρώτη κίνησις first motion (both in Aristotle). Compare primus motor n., and (with sense 2) earlier First Mover at mover n.¹ 1a.Compare earlier use of post-classical Latin primum mobile (and primus motus) in an English context:c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) i. §17. 10 This equinoxial is cleped the gyrdelle of the firste Moeuyng, or elles of the angulus primi motus vel primi mobilis.

1. In the medieval version of the Ptolemaic system of astronomy: an outermost sphere (at first reckoned the ninth, later the tenth) supposed to revolve round the earth from east to west in twenty-four hours, carrying with it the (eight or nine) inner spheres. Cf. mobile n.¹ 1, movable n. 2, sphere n. 2a. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > sphere of ancient astronomy > [noun] > primum mobile

first firmamentc1386

first movablec1400

first-movingc1400

first mobilea1475

primum mobilea1475

first movera1550

primovant1570

motor1586

primovable1625

highest movable1669

a1475 in F. J. Furnivall Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 26 (MED) Philosofirs puttyn 9 speris vndirewritten; but Diuinis puttin þe tenþe spere, where is heuyn empire, in þe whiche angelis & sowlis of seyntis seruen god..Þe first spere of þe 9 is clepid ‘primum mobile’, þe first mevabil thyng.

1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 10 The .x. heauen or Primum mobile, comprehendeth the .ix. heauen callid also Cristalline.

1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 12 And that, which you call the eight heauen, they name primum mobile.

1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells ii. 61 All motions (saith he) Ascend vp to the Primum Mobile, And the first Mouer.

1686 J. Dunton Lett. from New Eng. (1867) 18 He is always looking upwards; yet dares believe nothing above Primum Mobile, for 'tis out of the reach of his Jacob's Staff.

1733 P. Shaw tr. F. Bacon Novum Organum i. ii, in Philos. Wks. II. 358 Of the former Kind [i.e. Names of Things that have no Existence] are such as Fortune, the Primum Mobile, the Orbs of the Planets, the Element of Fire, and the like Figments; which arise from imaginary false Theories.

1765 Philos. Trans. 1764 (Royal Soc.) 54 346 Astronomers have not converted the equation of right ascension into time according to the motion of the Primum Mobile.

1847 Ld. Lindsay Sketches Hist. Christian Art I. p. xxxii Beyond the region of fire..succeeded the spheres of the seven planets;..the firmament, or eighth heaven;..the crystalline, or ninth heaven;..and the primum mobile, a void;—the whole continually revolving round the earth, and encompassed in their turn by the empyrean.

1899 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 20 115 Alfonso the Wise of Castile had not yet added the crystalline sphere and the primum mobile.

1939 Speculum 14 64 As for the Primum Mobile [in Dante's Paradiso], however, it turns with swift motion because of its desire for God.

1994 J. M. Lattis Between Copernicus & Galileo iii. 73 The basic principle is that concentric spheres..can transmit their motion to all lower concentric spheres. Thus the primum mobile gives its diurnal motion to the ninth, eighth, and all lower concentric spheres.

2. gen. An initial or original cause of activity; the most important source of energy, motion, or action; a driving force, prime mover, mainspring. Cf. prime mover n. 2.Occasionally applied to God as the motive force of the universe; = prime mover n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > [noun] > primary or first cause

First Cause1393

primum mobile1548

movera1550

impulsive causea1575

primus motor1579

beginning1587

first mobile1645

causa causans1659

first mover1711

prime mover1795

leader1805

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > [noun]

vicea1400

mover1626

primum mobile1663

machine1704

prime mover1795

leader1805

generator1823

energizer1891

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Luke in Paraphr. New Test. I. iii. f. xxxviii^v That that the same Aristotle and other doe call primum mobile (whereby they meane hym that gouerneth the worlde).

1612 F. Bacon Essaies xii. 95 Superstition..bringeth in a new Primum Mobile that rauisheth al the spheres of gouernment.

1612 G. Calvert in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) I. 191 You know the primum mobile of our court, by whose motion all the other spheres must move, or else stand still.

1663 Marquis of Worcester Cent. Names & Scantlings Inventions §98 An Engine so contrived that working the Primum mobile forward or backward, upward or downward, circularly or corner-wise, to and fro, streight, upright or downright, yet the pretended Operation continueth, and advanceth.

1673 F. Kirkman Unlucky Citizen 207 My Son, keep thou ready Money in thy Pocket, this is the primum Mobile of all their Science of thriving.

1726 Philos. Trans. 1725 (Royal Soc.) 33 412 The Primum Mobile, or soul of this machine, is in the form of the letter Y, and is made in iron, or any other metal.

1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea III. vii. xxix. 199 Their religion, which the Mahommedans consider as the basis and primum mobile of political government.

1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. III. v. xvi. 285 Modified by the other known primum mobiles, or causes of motion and rest.

1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire vi. 117 There must, in every system of forces, be a ‘primum mobile’.

1924 W. B. Yeats Cat & Moon 22 The Primum Mobile that fashioned us Has made the very owls in circles move.

1993 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 21 Oct. 35 (advt.) Deservedly recognised as the primum mobile of lesbian & gay studies.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	primum mobile
释义	primum mobilen. Brit. /ˌprʌɪməm ˈməʊbᵻli/, /ˌpriːməm ˈməʊbᵻli/, U.S. /ˌpraɪməm ˈmoʊbəˌli/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin primum mobile. Etymology: < post-classical Latin primum mobile (from c1230 in British sources; also primus motus (c1230 in a British source), primus motor (from c1200 in British sources), primum movens (from 13th cent. in British sources)), literally ‘first moving thing’ < classical Latin prīmum , neuter of prīmus prime adj. + mōbilē , use as noun of neuter of mōbilis mobile adj.¹, after Arabic al-muḥarrik al-awwal first mover (a1037 in Avicenna). With sense 2 compare ancient Greek τὸ πρῶτον κινῆσαν prime mover, also πρώτη κίνησις first motion (both in Aristotle). Compare primus motor n., and (with sense 2) earlier First Mover at mover n.¹ 1a.Compare earlier use of post-classical Latin primum mobile (and primus motus) in an English context:c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) i. §17. 10 This equinoxial is cleped the gyrdelle of the firste Moeuyng, or elles of the angulus primi motus vel primi mobilis. 1. In the medieval version of the Ptolemaic system of astronomy: an outermost sphere (at first reckoned the ninth, later the tenth) supposed to revolve round the earth from east to west in twenty-four hours, carrying with it the (eight or nine) inner spheres. Cf. mobile n.¹ 1, movable n. 2, sphere n. 2a. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > sphere of ancient astronomy > [noun] > primum mobile first firmamentc1386 first movablec1400 first-movingc1400 first mobilea1475 primum mobilea1475 first movera1550 primovant1570 motor1586 primovable1625 highest movable1669 a1475 in F. J. Furnivall Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 26 (MED) Philosofirs puttyn 9 speris vndirewritten; but Diuinis puttin þe tenþe spere, where is heuyn empire, in þe whiche angelis & sowlis of seyntis seruen god..Þe first spere of þe 9 is clepid ‘primum mobile’, þe first mevabil thyng. 1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 10 The .x. heauen or Primum mobile, comprehendeth the .ix. heauen callid also Cristalline. 1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 12 And that, which you call the eight heauen, they name primum mobile. 1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells ii. 61 All motions (saith he) Ascend vp to the Primum Mobile, And the first Mouer. 1686 J. Dunton Lett. from New Eng. (1867) 18 He is always looking upwards; yet dares believe nothing above Primum Mobile, for 'tis out of the reach of his Jacob's Staff. 1733 P. Shaw tr. F. Bacon Novum Organum i. ii, in Philos. Wks. II. 358 Of the former Kind [i.e. Names of Things that have no Existence] are such as Fortune, the Primum Mobile, the Orbs of the Planets, the Element of Fire, and the like Figments; which arise from imaginary false Theories. 1765 Philos. Trans. 1764 (Royal Soc.) 54 346 Astronomers have not converted the equation of right ascension into time according to the motion of the Primum Mobile. 1847 Ld. Lindsay Sketches Hist. Christian Art I. p. xxxii Beyond the region of fire..succeeded the spheres of the seven planets;..the firmament, or eighth heaven;..the crystalline, or ninth heaven;..and the primum mobile, a void;—the whole continually revolving round the earth, and encompassed in their turn by the empyrean. 1899 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 20 115 Alfonso the Wise of Castile had not yet added the crystalline sphere and the primum mobile. 1939 Speculum 14 64 As for the Primum Mobile [in Dante's Paradiso], however, it turns with swift motion because of its desire for God. 1994 J. M. Lattis Between Copernicus & Galileo iii. 73 The basic principle is that concentric spheres..can transmit their motion to all lower concentric spheres. Thus the primum mobile gives its diurnal motion to the ninth, eighth, and all lower concentric spheres. 2. gen. An initial or original cause of activity; the most important source of energy, motion, or action; a driving force, prime mover, mainspring. Cf. prime mover n. 2.Occasionally applied to God as the motive force of the universe; = prime mover n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [noun] > primary or first cause First Cause1393 primum mobile1548 movera1550 impulsive causea1575 primus motor1579 beginning1587 first mobile1645 causa causans1659 first mover1711 prime mover1795 leader1805 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > [noun] vicea1400 mover1626 primum mobile1663 machine1704 prime mover1795 leader1805 generator1823 energizer1891 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Luke in Paraphr. New Test. I. iii. f. xxxviii^v That that the same Aristotle and other doe call primum mobile (whereby they meane hym that gouerneth the worlde). 1612 F. Bacon Essaies xii. 95 Superstition..bringeth in a new Primum Mobile that rauisheth al the spheres of gouernment. 1612 G. Calvert in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) I. 191 You know the primum mobile of our court, by whose motion all the other spheres must move, or else stand still. 1663 Marquis of Worcester Cent. Names & Scantlings Inventions §98 An Engine so contrived that working the Primum mobile forward or backward, upward or downward, circularly or corner-wise, to and fro, streight, upright or downright, yet the pretended Operation continueth, and advanceth. 1673 F. Kirkman Unlucky Citizen 207 My Son, keep thou ready Money in thy Pocket, this is the primum Mobile of all their Science of thriving. 1726 Philos. Trans. 1725 (Royal Soc.) 33 412 The Primum Mobile, or soul of this machine, is in the form of the letter Y, and is made in iron, or any other metal. 1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea III. vii. xxix. 199 Their religion, which the Mahommedans consider as the basis and primum mobile of political government. 1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. III. v. xvi. 285 Modified by the other known primum mobiles, or causes of motion and rest. 1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire vi. 117 There must, in every system of forces, be a ‘primum mobile’. 1924 W. B. Yeats Cat & Moon 22 The Primum Mobile that fashioned us Has made the very owls in circles move. 1993 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 21 Oct. 35 (advt.) Deservedly recognised as the primum mobile of lesbian & gay studies. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1475
随便看	unprelatical unpremeditable unpremeditate unpremeditated unpremeditatedly unpremeditatedness unpremeditately unpremeditating unpremeditation unpreoccupated unpreoccupied unpreparate unpreparation unprepare unprepared unpreparedly unpreparedness unpreparednesses unprepares unpreparing unpreponderating unprepossessed unprepossessedly unprepossessing unpreposterous