becauseadv.conj.n.

Brit.

/bᵻˈkɒz/,

/bᵻˈkʌz/, U.S.

/bəˈkəz/,

/biˈkəz/,

/bəˈkɔz/,

/biˈkɔz/,

/bəˈkɑz/,

/biˈkɑz/

Forms: Middle English–1600s bicause, bycause, Middle English–1500s by cause, (1500s be cause), Middle English– because; dialect 'cause.

Etymology: < by prep. + cause n. Originally a phrase, consisting of preposition and substantive; after which the cause or purpose was expressed by a substantive governed by of , a dative infinitive, or a subordinate clause introduced by that or why . See also cause why n. at cause n. 3c Such subordinate clauses fell into two classes, one expressing cause or reason, the other purpose. In the former that was at length omitted, leaving because only. The same was often done from 15th to 17th centuries with the latter class, but modern usage here drops because and uses that alone. There was an equivalent for cause (see cause n.); hence, perhaps the former use of for because, in nearly all the constructions.

A. adv.

1. Followed by that or why: For the reason that. (Formerly for was sometimes prefixed.) archaic. Also because why used interrogatively, = ‘why?’ (cf. cause why n. at cause n. 3c); chiefly dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [adverb] > because that

because whyc1305

the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [phrase] > why

because why1887

c1305 Deo Gratias 37 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 125 Þou hast herd al my deuyse, Bi cause whi, hit is clerkes wise.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. xv. 162 For because that Saturne is of so late sterynge.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 253 By cause that he was hir neghebour.

c1486 Bk. St. Albans D iij b Theis be not enlured..by cause that thay be so ponderowse.

?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Biv^v, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens For bycause that the sayde indication is nat taken of the same cause, it is euydent, [etc.].

1611 Bible (King James) John vii. 39 The Holy Ghost was not yet giuen; because that Iesus was not yet glorified.

1822 Ld. Byron Heaven & Earth i. iii, in Liberal 1 190 I abhor death, because that thou must die.

1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. 10 Because why, why? wherefore? A very common controversy amongst boys:—‘No it ain't’—‘Cos why?’—‘Cos it ain't.’

1921 D. H. Lawrence Sea & Sardinia i. 12 The painters try to paint her [sc. Etna]..in vain. Because why?

1937 D. L. Sayers Busman's Honeymoon xiv. 253 It's a cur'ous thing you askin' about that there sun-dial, because why? The very man wot sold vicar the chimbley-pot, 'e wos found dead in his own 'ouse only yesterday.

1961 S. Chaplin Day of Sardine viii. 164 I know a lot of people that rant on about their religion and it doesn't do any good. Because why? Because they're trying to convince themselves, maybe?

2. Followed by of and substantive:

a. By reason of, on account of. (For formerly sometimes prefixed.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [adverb] > because of or by reason of

for (one's, a thing's) sake?c1225

for sake of1340

because1356

for the sake of1393

on (also upon) account of1625

thanks to1631

on the foot of1675

on the ground of1882

1356 J. Wyclif Last Age Ch. (1840) 31 Þe synnes bi cause of whiche suche persecucioun schal be in Goddis Chirche.

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 169 His wife, because of this, Goddesse of corn cleped is.

a1400 Cov. Myst. 31 My husbond is lost because of me.

1578 T. Tymme tr. J. Calvin Comm. Genesis 173 Man ought to have excelled all other Creatures, for because of the mind wherewith he was indued.

1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Apr. (1965) I. 340 'Tis a particular Art to load them [sc. camels] because of the bunch on their backs.

1816 J. Wilson City of Plague i. i. 331 I cling to thee with a more desperate love Because of thy ingratitude.

†b. For the sake of, for the purpose of. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > [phrase] > with the intention or object of

allc1300

because1480

in the way of1548

in order for1610

with a (also the) view of1692

with a view to1692

out of a view to1719

1480 W. Caxton tr. Trevisa Descr. Brit. 15 Elidurus was logged atte cite Alcluid by cause of solace and hunting.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxxv. 150 The kynge made none assaut, bycause of the sparynge of his people.

†c. For the sake of not; for fear of.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > [phrase] > with the intention or object of > not

because1470

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1817) II. 452 By cause of brekynge of myn avowe, I pray yow all lede me thyder.

†3. Followed by to with inf. = In order to. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > [phrase] > in order to

in purposea1450

because1523

in order to1590

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxxxix. 346 Bycause to gyue ensample to his subgettes..he caused the..erle of Auser to be putte in prison.

1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke i. xv. 28 a Arithmetike was imagyned by the Phenicians, because to vtter theyr Merchaundyse.

B. conj. [ < A n. 2b.]

a. For the reason that; inasmuch as, since. (For formerly sometimes prefixed.)

ΚΠ

c1386 G. Chaucer Franklin's Prol. 8 By cause I am a burel man..Haue me excused of my rude speche.

1477 J. Pympe in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 418 Putt hym a-waye by-cause he is daungerous.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure 147 For bicause I was in her presence, I toke acquaintaunce of her excellence.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) John xvi. f. cxlv These thynges sayde I not..be cause [1534 because] I was present with you.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 10 Names..giuen to this plante, bycause it is very good.

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 276 They are much deceiued..for because the Stellion hath a rustie colour.

1616 Sir R. Dudley in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 17 Nor am I so vaine..bycause I am not worth so much.

1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xlviii. 182 Their will must be obeyed, not because it is lawful and reasonable, but because it is their will.

1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. x. 616 We wonder because we are ignorant and we fear because we are weak.

b. Used elliptically in answer to a question, implying that a fuller reply is being withheld for some reason.

ΚΠ

1871 ‘L. Carroll’ Through Looking-glass vi. 132 The little fishes of the sea, They sent an answer back to me. The little fishes' answer was ‘We cannot do it, Sir, because—’.

1924 ‘W. Fabian’ Sailors' Wives vi. 84 ‘Mustn't we? Why not?’ ‘Oh, Warren! Because.’ She might have been the fifteen-year-old child again.

1967 ‘C. Fremlin’ Prisoner's Base vii. 48 ‘Why do you go out with him, Helen?’ ‘Because.’ Helen didn't mean to be cheeky.

1968 ‘M. Carroll’ Dead Trouble x. 175 ‘Why didn't you leave the bottle?’ ‘Because!’ I said shortly. I wasn't going to explain my feelings on the matter.

†2. With the purpose that, to the end that, in order that, so that, that. Obsolete. (Common dialect.)

ΚΠ

1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 31 Tolde to hys fader..by cause he shold..doo that, whyche he wold requyre hym.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xii. f. xv^v They axed hym..because [other versions ‘that’] they myght acuse him.

1628 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 3) iii. ii. iii. 482 Annointing the doores and hinges with oile, because they shall not creake.

1656 H. More Antidote Atheism (1712) ii. ix. 67 The reason why Birds are Oviparous is because there might be more plenty of them.

C. n.

Used substantively.

ΚΠ

1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) (at cited word) ‘Because’ is a Woman's Reason.

1875 A. Swinbourne Pict. Logic 162 Our ‘whys’ and our ‘becauses’ are obliged to stop.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	because
释义	becauseadv.conj.n. Brit. /bᵻˈkɒz/, /bᵻˈkʌz/, U.S. /bəˈkəz/, /biˈkəz/, /bəˈkɔz/, /biˈkɔz/, /bəˈkɑz/, /biˈkɑz/ Forms: Middle English–1600s bicause, bycause, Middle English–1500s by cause, (1500s be cause), Middle English– because; dialect 'cause. Etymology: < by prep. + cause n. Originally a phrase, consisting of preposition and substantive; after which the cause or purpose was expressed by a substantive governed by of , a dative infinitive, or a subordinate clause introduced by that or why . See also cause why n. at cause n. 3c Such subordinate clauses fell into two classes, one expressing cause or reason, the other purpose. In the former that was at length omitted, leaving because only. The same was often done from 15th to 17th centuries with the latter class, but modern usage here drops because and uses that alone. There was an equivalent for cause (see cause n.); hence, perhaps the former use of for because, in nearly all the constructions. A. adv. 1. Followed by that or why: For the reason that. (Formerly for was sometimes prefixed.) archaic. Also because why used interrogatively, = ‘why?’ (cf. cause why n. at cause n. 3c); chiefly dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [adverb] > because that because whyc1305 the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [phrase] > why because why1887 c1305 Deo Gratias 37 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 125 Þou hast herd al my deuyse, Bi cause whi, hit is clerkes wise. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. xv. 162 For because that Saturne is of so late sterynge. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 253 By cause that he was hir neghebour. c1486 Bk. St. Albans D iij b Theis be not enlured..by cause that thay be so ponderowse. ?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Biv^v, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens For bycause that the sayde indication is nat taken of the same cause, it is euydent, [etc.]. 1611 Bible (King James) John vii. 39 The Holy Ghost was not yet giuen; because that Iesus was not yet glorified. View more context for this quotation 1822 Ld. Byron Heaven & Earth i. iii, in Liberal 1 190 I abhor death, because that thou must die. 1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. 10 Because why, why? wherefore? A very common controversy amongst boys:—‘No it ain't’—‘Cos why?’—‘Cos it ain't.’ 1921 D. H. Lawrence Sea & Sardinia i. 12 The painters try to paint her [sc. Etna]..in vain. Because why? 1937 D. L. Sayers Busman's Honeymoon xiv. 253 It's a cur'ous thing you askin' about that there sun-dial, because why? The very man wot sold vicar the chimbley-pot, 'e wos found dead in his own 'ouse only yesterday. 1961 S. Chaplin Day of Sardine viii. 164 I know a lot of people that rant on about their religion and it doesn't do any good. Because why? Because they're trying to convince themselves, maybe? 2. Followed by of and substantive: a. By reason of, on account of. (For formerly sometimes prefixed.) ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [adverb] > because of or by reason of for (one's, a thing's) sake?c1225 for sake of1340 because1356 for the sake of1393 on (also upon) account of1625 thanks to1631 on the foot of1675 on the ground of1882 1356 J. Wyclif Last Age Ch. (1840) 31 Þe synnes bi cause of whiche suche persecucioun schal be in Goddis Chirche. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 169 His wife, because of this, Goddesse of corn cleped is. a1400 Cov. Myst. 31 My husbond is lost because of me. 1578 T. Tymme tr. J. Calvin Comm. Genesis 173 Man ought to have excelled all other Creatures, for because of the mind wherewith he was indued. 1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Apr. (1965) I. 340 'Tis a particular Art to load them [sc. camels] because of the bunch on their backs. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague i. i. 331 I cling to thee with a more desperate love Because of thy ingratitude. †b. For the sake of, for the purpose of. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [phrase] > with the intention or object of allc1300 because1480 in the way of1548 in order for1610 with a (also the) view of1692 with a view to1692 out of a view to1719 1480 W. Caxton tr. Trevisa Descr. Brit. 15 Elidurus was logged atte cite Alcluid by cause of solace and hunting. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxxv. 150 The kynge made none assaut, bycause of the sparynge of his people. †c. For the sake of not; for fear of. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [phrase] > with the intention or object of > not because1470 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur (1817) II. 452 By cause of brekynge of myn avowe, I pray yow all lede me thyder. †3. Followed by to with inf. = In order to. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [phrase] > in order to in purposea1450 because1523 in order to1590 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxxxix. 346 Bycause to gyue ensample to his subgettes..he caused the..erle of Auser to be putte in prison. 1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke i. xv. 28 a Arithmetike was imagyned by the Phenicians, because to vtter theyr Merchaundyse. B. conj. [ < A n. 2b.] 1. a. For the reason that; inasmuch as, since. (For formerly sometimes prefixed.) ΚΠ c1386 G. Chaucer Franklin's Prol. 8 By cause I am a burel man..Haue me excused of my rude speche. 1477 J. Pympe in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 418 Putt hym a-waye by-cause he is daungerous. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure 147 For bicause I was in her presence, I toke acquaintaunce of her excellence. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) John xvi. f. cxlv These thynges sayde I not..be cause [1534 because] I was present with you. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 10 Names..giuen to this plante, bycause it is very good. 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 276 They are much deceiued..for because the Stellion hath a rustie colour. 1616 Sir R. Dudley in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 17 Nor am I so vaine..bycause I am not worth so much. 1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xlviii. 182 Their will must be obeyed, not because it is lawful and reasonable, but because it is their will. 1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. x. 616 We wonder because we are ignorant and we fear because we are weak. b. Used elliptically in answer to a question, implying that a fuller reply is being withheld for some reason. ΚΠ 1871 ‘L. Carroll’ Through Looking-glass vi. 132 The little fishes of the sea, They sent an answer back to me. The little fishes' answer was ‘We cannot do it, Sir, because—’. 1924 ‘W. Fabian’ Sailors' Wives vi. 84 ‘Mustn't we? Why not?’ ‘Oh, Warren! Because.’ She might have been the fifteen-year-old child again. 1967 ‘C. Fremlin’ Prisoner's Base vii. 48 ‘Why do you go out with him, Helen?’ ‘Because.’ Helen didn't mean to be cheeky. 1968 ‘M. Carroll’ Dead Trouble x. 175 ‘Why didn't you leave the bottle?’ ‘Because!’ I said shortly. I wasn't going to explain my feelings on the matter. †2. With the purpose that, to the end that, in order that, so that, that. Obsolete. (Common dialect.) ΚΠ 1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 31 Tolde to hys fader..by cause he shold..doo that, whyche he wold requyre hym. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xii. f. xv^v They axed hym..because [other versions ‘that’] they myght acuse him. 1628 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 3) iii. ii. iii. 482 Annointing the doores and hinges with oile, because they shall not creake. 1656 H. More Antidote Atheism (1712) ii. ix. 67 The reason why Birds are Oviparous is because there might be more plenty of them. C. n. Used substantively. ΚΠ 1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) (at cited word) ‘Because’ is a Woman's Reason. 1875 A. Swinbourne Pict. Logic 162 Our ‘whys’ and our ‘becauses’ are obliged to stop. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adv.conj.n.c1305
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