单词 | outside |
释义 | outsiden.adj.adv.prep. A. n. 1. a. The position or area adjacent to and beyond the outer side or surface of something. Now chiefly in from (also on, to) the outside. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > position close to outside outside1457 1457 Plea & Mem. Rolls London Guildhall No. A81.8 (MED) From þe outeside..of þe said gate ynward toward þe wherf. 1503 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Lett. (1839) 180 I lay at outside ij dayes or I cold have it. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xl. 5 There was a wall on the outsyde rounde aboute the house. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 301 [He] chapit him be the ost ane lyttill, and at ane outsyde watchit him. 1611 Bible (King James) Judges vii. 19 So Gideon and the hundred men..came vnto the outside of the campe. View more context for this quotation 1677 Lovers Quarrel in F. J. Child Eng, & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1886) II. iv. cix. B. 449/1 Will you walk with me to an out-side, Two or three words to talk with me? 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 186 An Altar..which is yet standing on the out-side of the Town. 1751 R. Paltock Life Peter Wilkins I. xii. 106 I could not..bear the Thoughts of quitting it [sc. my habitation], or of having any of my Goods exposed to the Weather on the Outside. 1844 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit xxxvi. 423 Can I open the door from the outside, I wonder. 1887 W. F. Barry New Antigone II. ii. xvii. 63 With these words he grasped the handle of the door. At the same moment he felt some one turning it from the outside. 1960 R. W. Marks Dymaxion World Buckminster Fuller 34/1 Ventilation was provided by a small fan located under the lavatory; air was drawn from the nearest room and exhausted through ductwork to the outside. 1991 House Beautiful Kitchens/Baths Winter 25/3 Install only privacy latches that are unlockable from the outside of the bathroom in case of emergency. b. Canadian. In isolated regions of Northern Canada and Alaska: the rest of the world, esp. settled and urbanized areas. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [noun] > interior or civilized part in-country1565 inland1573 inner-land1613 outside1827 upcountry1837 1827 in Beaver (1927) Dec. 141 He was to bring in the last letters from outside which we could expect until next spring. 1898 Yukon Midnight Sun (Dawson, Yukon Territory) 11 June 5/2 Many of these are men who have just arrived from the outside. 1904 J. Lynch Three Years Klondike 54 On September 22 the last boat left for the ‘outside’ viâ the Lakes and Skagway. 1941 G. de M. Poncins Kabloona 13 Only the Arctic existed for them; and everything that lay below the Mackenzie River, was to them the remote, the virtually non-existent ‘Outside’. 1972 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 5 Dec. 35/1 The story of Old Crow is valuable because it..shows how little people in The Outside—the rest of Canada in Yukon language—understand of the situation inside the territory. c. Australian colloquial. The unsettled parts of the interior; the outback. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Australasia > [noun] > Australia > interior Never-Never Country1859 outside1869 Centralia1887 centre1896 way back1901 outback1904 Dead Heart1906 Red Centre1935 1869 ‘E. Howe’ Boy in Bush 171 The Kakadua was then ‘outside’—as the colonists used to call unsettled districts. 1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms I. vii. 95 Dick Dawson came in from outside, and he said things are shocking bad; all the frontage bare already, and the water drying up. 1909 F. E. Birtes Lonely Lands 100 Everyone rode in from the outside on horseback. 1949 Geogr. Mag. Feb. 371 Rural life offers you such terms as backblocks, outback and outside, meaning remote, inland country. 1979 D. Lockwood My Old Mates & I 157 The Territory was once back-of-Bourke, back-of-beyond, the Outside. d. The world existing beyond where one is physically confined or obliged to be; (esp. slang) the world existing beyond a prison or other institution; civilian life. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > [noun] > a division of human society > outside prison or military society outside1903 1903 ‘J. Flynt’ Rise of Ruderick Clowd ii. 80 A boy in a Reform School with a ‘plant’ on the ‘outside’ takes a high place among his companions. 1919 D. G. Rowse Doughboy Dope 9 A is the Army at that stage of your young life when you were on what the Army calls ‘the outside’. 1933 Amer. Speech 8 iii. 26/2 ‘Whitey’, who escaped three times from solitary confinement clear to the outside, was an acknowledged eel. 1972 C. Drummond Death at Bar ii. 56 Kath hasn't been having it so good, what with a couple of worthless sons who haven't the sense to keep on the outside. 1991 G. Slovo Betrayal xxxii. 296 In fifteen minutes the boat's commander would break off radio contact with the outside. e. Surfing. The area beyond the breakers. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > surfing > [noun] > area outside surf outside1946 1946 J. H. Ball Scrapbk. Surfriding & Beach Stuff ix. 83 (caption) First heat boys..head for ‘outside’. The meet has begun. 1963 Surfing Yearbk. 42/2 Outside, surfing area past the breaking surf. 1981 Event 9 Oct. 29/1 Outside,..the water beyond the breakers. 1998 Washington Post (Nexis) 24 July n8 Outside, the area just beyond the impact zone, where surfers in the ‘lineup’ await waves. 2. a. That side of something which is further from the interior; the outward or outermost side; the exterior; the external surface. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > the outside or exterior out-halfOE outwardc1475 outside1505 utter-side1577 outerness1674 exterior1695 out1717 the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [noun] > fact of having distinct sides > one or other side or hand > side facing specific direction > outer side outside1505 1505 Charter rel. St. George's Chapel, Windsor in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) II. 116 The fanes on the outsides of the quere, and the creasts, corses, beasts above on the outsides of Maister John Shornes Chappell. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxiii. f. xxxiij Clense fyrst, that which is with in the cuppe and the platter, that the outsyde maye also be clene [at verse 25 ‘vtter side’]. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. vi. 73 The spirit of the Lord houered vpon the outside of the deepe. 1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 61 They have climbed six foot high upon the outside of a wall, come in at a window, down on the inside,..and away again. 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 13 The Duke of Doria's Palace has the best Outside of any in Genoa. 1732 H. Carey Disappointment ii. 8 Who the Devil shall I get to read the outside of this Letter, now. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xii. 262 The outside of the edifice was encrusted with marble. 1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey II. iv. i. 158 His translation is hard, dry, and husky, as the outside of a cocoa-nut. 1893 Bookman June 79/1 Years of service in the Library had made him familiar with the outsides of books, but very little with their contents. 1906 E. Dyson Fact'ry 'Ands 76 Well, if we're mostly earth t' begin with, where's ther sense in buckin' at er bit extry on the outside. 1979 R. Dahl My Uncle Oswald xii. 116 It looked like a suitcase because the outside was sheathed in leather. 2000 Reader's Digest Oct. 83/1 An alert..officer spotted what might be handprints on the outside of Dorothy's..windows. b. In plural. Papermaking. The outer sheets of a ream of paper, usually of a lower quality than the rest of the paper. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > large quantity of > two outside quires of ream, usually damaged cording quire1652 casse paper1688 cassie1688 outsides1707 1707 Philos. Trans. 1706–7 (Royal Soc.) 25 2409 Marks on the Outsides of Reams of Paper; with Orders, Cases, Reasons,..relating to the Manufacture. 1845 Ainsworth's Mag. 7 27 Half a quire of outsides, and three ha'porth o' mixed wafers. 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 267/2 The half-quires..contain, generally, 10 sheets; if the paper, however, be of superior quality, only 8 sheets. In the paper-warehouses it is known as ‘outsides’, with no more than 10 sheets to the half-quire. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Outsides, the exterior sheets of a ream of printing or writing paper; spoiled sheets. 1960 A. Glaister Gloss. Bk. 288/1 Outsides, sheets of hand-made paper which are found, when sorting in the salle, to have torn edges, iron-mould creases, or a broken surface. When reams of paper are made up, outsides are marked XXX. c. The outer part or parts of a thing, as distinguished from the interior; esp. the exterior part of a vehicle. ΚΠ 1794 W. Godwin Caleb Williams III. vii. 126 They insisted upon conducting me with them for a few miles on the outside of a stage coach. 1799 tr. J. H. Meister Lett. Resid. Eng. 11 (note) This absurd custom of riding on the outside of a coach. 1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xx. 246 They were seated on the outside of the coach, at the back, and were travelling down into the country. 1997 Yoga Jrnl. (Nexis) 31 Aug. 26 I also met a young man without a leg (he had lost it riding on the outside of a bus). 2002 Sun (Nexis) 4 Jan. India's trains..are sometimes so crowded that people ride on the outside over shorter journeys. 2002 Times Union (Albany, N.Y.) (Nexis) 6 Sept. b4 Bauer was perched on the outside of a building at the Convent washing a window when..he slipped, tumbling three stories to the ground. 3. a. The outward or visible form of something, as distinct from its substance; esp. a person's outward aspect or appearance as distinct from his or her inner nature. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > mere appearance shroudc1175 frontc1374 appearancec1384 countenance?c1425 fard1540 show1547 habit1549 outside1578 glimpse1579 superficies?1589 species1598 out-term1602 paint1608 surface1613 superfice1615 umbrage1639 superficials1652 semblance1843 outer womana1845 outward man1846 patina1957 1578 Sir P. Sidney Let. 31 May in Wks. (1968) III. 125 As though the creditt of a traveyler stood all uppon his outside. 1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 19 Sense outsides knowes, the Soule through all things sees. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. iii. 101 O what a goodly out-side falshood hath. View more context for this quotation 1650 R. Heath Clarastella 49 Gaze not on that fair Mirrour..Where beautie staies no longer then you look On the gilt outside of that rotten look Your self. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 33. ⁋1 She is no other than Nature made her, a very beautiful Outside. 1793 E. Burke Let. to W. Windham in Corr. (1844) IV. 201 Since I wrote last, the outside of affairs is a good deal mended. 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. v. 116 You'll never persuade me that I can't tell what men are by their outsides. 1872 R. Browning Fifine in Poet. Wks. (1888–94) XI. 297 Each has a false outside, whereby a truth is forced To issue from within. 1920 E. A. Robinson John Brown in Coll. Poems (1937) 489 What you see now Is only the outside of an old man, Older than years have made him. 1995 S. Nye Best of Men behaving Badly (2000) 4th Ser. Episode 1. 100/1 On the outside she acts as though I'm a toolhead, but on the inside she's quivering with suppressed desire. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > outerwear > [noun] > article of overclothc1390 hulling1434 overgarmenta1470 outsides1631 overall1631 supervesture1648 tog1708 supervestment1865 Montenegrin1890 outer1904 1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre ii. v. 26 in Wks. II I ha' seene as fine outsides, as either o' yours, bring lowsie linings to the Brokers. a1640 F. Beaumont et al. Loves Cure iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Rrrrr4/1 My Lord has sent me outsides, But..the colours are too sad. 1847 J. H. Newman Let. 21 Feb. (1962) XII. 49 Bring..as few woollen outsides as possible, coats, trowsers etc. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [noun] > that which is merely external husk1567 outside1648 1648 Mercurius Dogmaticus No. 4. 26 Witnesse the present condition we are now in, not having so much as the out-side of Religion left us, not so much Libertie as to breath our woes. 1660 tr. M. Amyraut Treat. conc. Relig. iii. vi. 416 A Religion which seem'd to consist wholly in out-side. 1694 W. Penn Brief Acct. Rise Quakers i. 16 Christians degenerated a-pace into outsides, as Days and Meats, and divers other Ceremonies. 1706 C. Trotter Revol. of Sweden i. 11 Nor can it fail to gull The Superstitious Multitude, mov'd only With the Name and Outside of Religion. 1745 E. Young Complaint: Night the Eighth 8 A Region of Outsides! a Land of Shadows! 1887 Cent. Mag. June 271/2 Both reflect the age and its spirit–an age of outsides, of phenomena and presentments, provincial in time while cosmopolitan in tone. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > means of concealment > dress, garb > [noun] > for face or head visorc1380 visernc1400 visurec1460 visiere1485 vizard1558 vision1563 bo-peeper1609 larvea1656 outsidea1656 vizard-mask1668 visor-mask1672 face mask1754 crape1785 false face1817 bird mask1853 vizarding1861 stocking mask1966 ski-mask1973 a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 122 I speak not for those that are meer outsides & visors of Christianity. 1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads viii. 210 Disgrace of Greece, meer outsides, where are now Your Brags? 4. a. The left or right-hand side of something, either contrasted with the centre, or conceived as being further from some line of reference than the other side.Specific examples include: the part of a path nearer to a road or further from a wall; the side of a bend or curve where the edge or surface is longer; the side of a racetrack, athletics track, etc., further from the centre; (with reference to a vehicle or driver) the part of a road closer to the centre of the carriageway. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > the outside or exterior > outer or exterior part(s) outwardOE outpart1488 utter-side1577 outlets1583 outside1598 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres ii. 21 The most place of honour is the left and right out-sides [of a line of soldiers]. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 121 On each foot he hath five fingers, 3 on the outside, and two on the inside. 1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure I. 165 The bed shook again when it receiv'd this new load: He lay on the outside, where he kept the candles burning. 1849 H. Melville Redburn: his First Voy. xv. 98 I..bade him have a slit on the outside of each leg, at the foot, to button up with a row of six brass bell buttons. 1913 D. H. Lawrence Sons & Lovers xiv. 407 Paul walked on the outside of the pavement, then Dawes, then Clara. 1970 G. Chapman et al. Monty Python's Flying Circus (1989) xxxix. 238 Now she's making a break on the outside, Mrs Penguin running..and at the line, it's Mrs Casey who's got it by a short head. 1997 J. Wilson Coarse Fishing Method Man. (1998) 153/1 Look for really fast turbulent water on the outside of a wide bend and then plan to offer the barbel your bait within that filter lane. b. Fencing. The side of the blade or sword-arm in line with the back of the hand; the side further from the body. ΚΠ 1639 G. A. Pallas Armata i. i. iii. 9 The Quarte is when thou holdest thy Rapier in such a manner with a bended arme, that the outside of thy hand looke downe towards the ground, but the inside upwards. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. xxxi. 235 The youth parried his first and second thrust, but received the third in the outside of his sword-arm. 1863 Archery, Fencing, & Broadsword (Rtldg.) 46 It is customary for adversaries, on coming to the Guard, to Engage, or to join blades, on what is called the inside, that is, the right side; although there are occasions on which it is advisable to engage on the outside, or on the left; otherwise called the Quarte or Tierce sides. 1988 E. D. Morton Martini A–Z Fencing 56/2 If the blades are crossed on the outside (right) of the fencers' wrists, that engagement is in sixte. c. Baseball. The part of the home plate furthest from the batter; the area above this part of the home plate. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > baseball ground > [noun] > outfield centre field1835 left field1857 left1867 garden1868 backfield1911 outside1913 1913 J. J. McGraw How to play Baseball (1914) iii. 37 If a hitter crowds the plate, you might shoot the first one at him to drive him back, and then slip the next one over the outside of the plate. 1938 D. Jessee Baseball (1941) i. 20 If the batter ‘steps in the bucket’ or stands back away from the plate, he should have difficulty reaching pitches on the outside. 1987 S. Fiffer How to watch Baseball vii. 152 Dempsey calls for a fastball and sets up on the inside of the plate, but Dixon throws a slider on the outside. 5. The edge, border, or perimeter of something; something situated on or forming this outer side. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > outerwear > [noun] robesc1330 overclothing1425 out-clothing1496 shaping apparel1564 outside1600 out-garment1634 out-dressa1637 out-array1647 superinvestiture1681 overclothes1824 outer clothing1841 hap1868 outerwear1883 overwear1885 shaping clothes1894 outwear1935 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > anything situated on the outside outside1600 1600 R. Chambers Palestina 58 In the outside of the peece (in the vpper part thereof) were two greater ringes of gold, one in one corner, and another in the other corner. 1602 J. Brereton Briefe Relation Discouerie Virginia 6 From hence we went to another Island... On the outsides of this Island are many plaine places of grasse. 1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden (1626) 9 Little Orchards, or few trees, being (in a manner) all out-sides, are so blasted and dangered. 1655 E. Terry Voy. E.-India 282 They usually live in the skirts or out sides of great Cities, or Townes. 1823 M. W. Shelley Valperga II. iii. 59 They saluted the cross, and then ranged themselves round the outside of the inner inclosure. 1967 S. Marshall Fenland Chron. ii. v. 207 The men erected seats made of planks, resting on gallon beer barrels borrowed from a pub, all round the outside of the boat, and the children sat in the bottom. 2000 Canberra Sunday Times 11 June 65/2 Around the outside of the room, society members displayed items from their collections. 6. colloquial. The upper limit, esp. of an estimate; the fullest or highest degree or quantity, the utmost. Chiefly in at the outside: at the most. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > the greatest amount or quantity > quality of being maximal > maximum maximity1651 maximum1663 outside1699 max1911 upper bound1917 ceiling1934 roof1939 the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > a great quantity, amount, or degree [phrase] > at (very) most at (the) mostc1300 at the largea1398 at uttermost1530 at the utmost (at utmost)1619 at the outside1852 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Outside, that is the Outside, or utmost Rate. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry iv. v. 78 Two hundred Load upon an Acre, which they reckon the out-side of what is to be laid. 1790 J. Bentham Let. 24 Aug. (1981) IV. 165 Is not a ten years seat in Parliament a fee considerable enough for ten or even twenty years spent in tale-bearing?—that is for the value of three or four weeks every year so employ'd, at the outside. 1838–9 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation (1863) 43 This woman is young, I suppose at the outside not thirty. 1852 Lit. Gaz. Jan. 70/2 In a few weeks, at the outside, we may expect to see [etc.]. 1885 Law Times Rep. 53 60/2 A red light..distant a quarter of a mile at the outside. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvi. [Eumaeus] 582 It was not so dear, purse permitting, a few guineas at the outside, considering the fare to Mullingar where he figured on going was five and six there and back. 1947 P. Larkin Girl in Winter iii. iv. 208 At the very most, at the very outside, it should not take anyone more than one hour, and probably a sight less. 1992 J. Torrington Swing Hammer Swing! xxx. 275 ‘Come clean—how long did he have'm?’ Two minutes at the outside. 7. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > [noun] > number of passengers using specific transport > coach passenger sitting inside or outside outside passenger1762 outside1789 in1844 out1844 insider1854 1789 J. Woodforde Diary 13 June (1927) III. 114 For the remaining part of our fare paid..for 1 outside 12/0. a1800 in Norfolk Fair (1970) Nov. 31/7 This Coach from Norwich to London by Newmarket every Day Convey 8 Insides..and 6 Outsides in the most Pleasant And Agreeable Stile. 1842 S. Smith Lett. Locking in on Railways in Wks. (1859) II. 322/2 When first mail coaches began to travel twelve miles an hour, the outsides..were never tied to the roof. 1902 Chambers's Jrnl. Nov. 715/1 The ‘George’ at Grantham is still..one of the best inns in England, as it was when these two prudent ‘outsides’ left the Yorkshire coach and ‘turned in’ there. 1914 ‘I. Hay’ Lighter Side School Life vi. 152 He was called at half-past two..and by three o'clock was off as an ‘outside’ upon the Tally-Ho Coach. b. Association Football, Rugby, etc. A player in an outer or wing position. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > one positioned on outside of a group outsider1857 outside1898 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > characteristics of team ball games > [noun] > players or positions wing-back1734 goalkeeper1789 outfielder1855 quarter1857 centre fielder1865 outfield1867 quarterback1867 right1867 centre1868 left wing1871 left-back1873 left half-back1873 centre forward1874 left-centre1877 right-centre1877 centre back1878 centre half-back1879 forward1879 back1880 right wing1880 right half-back1881 goaltender1882 right-winger1882 wing1882 centre half1884 left winger1884 inside1886 half1887 custodian1888 left half1888 midfielder1888 left wing1889 right half1889 centreman1890 midfield1890 outside right1890 outfieldsman1891 goalie1894 winger1896 infield1897 inside forward1897 inside right1897 outside forward1897 outside1898 outside left1900 rearguard1904 pivot1911 wing-man1942 keeper1957 link1958 linkman1963 midfield1976 1898 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport II. 143 (Eton football) Each side consists of the ‘bully’, outsides, and behinds, but all except the behinds are commonly spoken of as ‘the bully’. 1899 Captain 2 186/1 I headed out to the right, [and] saw our outside get it. 1927 Observer 21 Aug. 18/3 The team are young and play attractive football, with a clever set of outsides who combine well. 1963 Times 23 Feb. 3/1 Although their forwards were playing such a solid game the Westminster outsides were too slow to beat their opposite numbers. 2002 Press (Christchurch) (Nexis) 6 May 31 Halfback Jason Spice was too slow to pass to his outsides. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > propulsion machinery > [noun] > paddle-wheel > types of stern-wheel1816 side wheel1826 outside1876 1876 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Tom Sawyer ii. 29 Come ahead on the stabboard! Stop her..! Let your outside turn over slow. 1894 ‘M. Twain’ in Cent. Mag. May 19 Set her back on de outside... Come ahead on de inside. B. adj. 1. a. Situated on or belonging to the outer side, surface, edge, or boundary; exterior, external. Also: situated on or belonging to the side further from a particular (specified or implied) point or line of reference. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adjective] outwardeOE outwithc1225 outa1300 outermorea1425 withoutforthc1503 exterial1528 outforth?1541 butc1570 exterior1570 extrinsical1594 extrinsic1613 externala1616 outside1634 exoteric1662 extern1666 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 184 [The] out-side beauty [of the durian is] no way equall to the inside goodnesse and vertues. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. v. 830 Besides this Outside Bulky Extension, and Tumourous Magnitude, there must be another kind of Entity. 1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 8 Outside and inside Lathing for Plastring. 1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry xi. 59 The Outside Rows of Wheat, from which the Earth is Ho'd off, before or in the Beginning of Winter. 1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. 560 Twenty quires to the ream, of which the two outside quires are called corded or cassie. 1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. I. 249 The outside walls are built hollow, having an air-vent 3 inches wide. 1869 Queen Victoria Highland Jrnls. 4 Sept. (1980) ii. 249 We met..several large coaches, but with only outside seats, full of tourists. 1950 S. Thompson Old Time Dancing vi. 59 Take three steps forward, commencing with the outside foot, gentleman's left, lady's right. 1971 Tools & their Uses (U.S. Navy Bureau of Naval Personnel) (1973) iii. 92 The outside micrometer is used for measuring outside dimensions, such as the diameter of a piece of round stock. 1995 Independent 26 Jan. 10/1 Unlike the Germans, they do not make a habit of burning up the outside lane of the autobahn at 120mph. b. Baseball. Located at or above, or travelling past, the outside of the home plate. ΚΠ 1900 G. Patten Rockspur Nine i. 15 The Rockspur pitcher tried a ‘coaxer’ just beyond the outside corner, but Garrison let it pass, and the umpire called a ball. 1964 L. Watts Fine Art of Baseball ii. vii. 140 The ‘bucket-hitter’ (one who steps away from the plate) will have trouble with outside pitches and curve balls breaking away from him. 1982 R. Kahn Seventh Game ii. 33 Harry now crowded the plate to get the outside fastballs within bat range. John gripped the ball to make it veer to the inside. 1994 T. Boswell Cracking Show v. ii. 84 Palmer tried to ‘hook’ a fastball on the outside corner and pull it. Pitchers stay up late at night praying for hitters to try this. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > substantiality or concreteness > unsubstantiality or abstractness > [adjective] > superficial thin?c1225 superficialc1456 shallowc1595 superficiary1605 eccentric1633 outside1644 tenuious1656 swimminga1680 outwarda1682 two-dimensional1934 1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) 15 Where love cannot be, there can be left of wedlock nothing, but the empty husk of an outside matrimony. 1679 M. Prance Addit. Narr. 12 Used by the Professors of that out-side Religion. 1743 A. Pope Dunciad (rev. ed.) i. 135 The rest [sc. books] on Out-side merit but presume, Or serve..to fill a room. 3. a. Originating, occurring, or located outside a particular place or area. Also: designating a person who works out of doors or away from an employer's premises.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense B. 5a. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adjective] > situated, originating, or operating outside outside1826 external1894 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > that is a stranger or outsider uncouthc893 outcomeeOE fremdc950 althedyOE foreigna1325 aliena1382 barbarous1542 barbarianc1550 stranger1593 extraneous1656 outside1826 barbaric1849 extern1866 offcomed1879 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > worker in specific place > [adjective] > working outside outside1900 1826 J. K. Paulding Merry Tales of Three Wise Men of Gotham 233 I determined to seek these pure and unsophisticated mortals who, being thus retired from the great outside world, must of necessity be free from those vices. 1862 J. W. Carlyle Lett. III. 101 Mine [room] is quiet as the grave from outside noises. 1871 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. Dec. 28 Outside-cylinder engines are those in which the cylinders are placed outside the smoke-box. 1874 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 37 519 The figures confirm..that the prison population is younger than the mixed outside population. 1900 Fabian News 10 28/1 ‘Outside’ work means work done entirely in the home by an ‘outside’ worker. 1943 Far Eastern Surv. 12 30 The transportation facilities..will provide..the physical means of transporting to outside markets the more specialized..products of the area. 1974 Times 21 Sept. 7/3 Is the outside light on?.. If the Kitchen's dark, they might be put off and go away. 1999 Don't Panic (Aberystwyth Univ. Students' Union) 21 This is a pub. Outside seating is a godsend on the few occasions that the sun decides to show it's [sic] face. b. Australian. Situated, living, or originating beyond or outside a settled area; remote from a centre of population. ΘΚΠ the world > space > distance > distance or farness > [adjective] > remote or inaccessible outc1425 inaccessible?a1475 out-way1532 deviate1575 unaccessible1596 reachless1597 devious1599 wandering1600 untouchable1622 outlying1651 back1683 no-nationa1756 out-of-the-way1756 outlandish1792 eccentric1800 outworld1808 out-by1816 outside1847 off-lying1859 unget-at-able1862 far-out1887 far-back1900 1847 E. B. Kennedy Extracts Jrnl. Exped. Central Austral. 233 After travelling 14 miles reached Roach's, the outside station of the settlers. 1881 A. C. Grant Bush-life in Queensland I. xi. 162 The cattle-buyer, who had a large experience on the out-side country. 1951 E. Hill Territory 310 In the early days these ‘outside’ men..worked their cattle with lubras, quicker to learn and more to be trusted. 1969 L. Murray Coll. Poems (1991) 25 I preceded you, in all but spirit, to the Outside country where the sealed roads end. c. Of a room (esp. a lavatory): situated outside the house or other main building. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [adjective] > type of privy, lavatory, or W.C. Turkish1855 washdown1881 flush1908 outside1913 1913 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 18 857 The privy vault and outside toilet should be abolished. 1939 M. Spring Rice Working-class Wives iv. 73 Mrs. P. of Glasgow... Under the drawbacks of her house she says ‘Outside lavatory, (used by six families.).’ 1998 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 27 June 5 The home has three bathrooms, a powder room plus outside shower room and workshop. 2002 Great Falls Tribune (Nexis) 9 July 1 a The wind tore the front off Francis' outside workshop. 4. Highest possible; greatest, maximum, extreme. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > of the very highest degree overly1340 lasta1387 for-greatc1440 consummatea1530 super-superlative1607 yondmost1608 meridian1648 sovereign1749 outside1843 ultra-high1936 1843 W. M. Thackeray Let. Mar. (1945) II. 100 There's nothing here except say 20£ of personal extravagance (and that is the outside mark). 1857 A. Trollope Barchester Towers i. 2 The outside period during which breath could be supported within the body of the dying man. 1893 Daily News 21 Feb. 3/3 I believe..I have given you the very outside prices that are being paid. a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) II. xviii. 431 ‘Two hundred is the most I can take,’ said she. ‘It's the outside limit.’ 2002 Harvard Health Let. (Nexis) 1 Nov. Blood can't be stored..for more than 42 days, so banking a month in advance of your surgery is the outside limit. 5. a. Not of or belonging to a particular organization, community, institution, etc. ΚΠ 1857 A. Trollope Barchester Towers 284 The theological works were not disturbed, perhaps, quite as often as from the appearance of the building the outside public might have been led to expect. 1881 Daily News 13 Sept. 5/1 Outside opinion has evidently had its influence on the City Fathers. 1900 S. A. Nelson ABC of Wall St. 130 Outside Broker, a member of no exchange who trades in miscellaneous securities. 1978 Amer. Jrnl. Polit. Sci. 22 340 The way officials perceived outside sentiment..would not correlate strongly with their own attitudes. 1991 Economist 5 Jan. 12/2 He prefers to borrow rather than raise outside equity capital and thus dilute control. b. Canadian. In Northern Canada and Alaska: belonging or relating to elsewhere in the world, esp. settled or urbanized areas; obtained from these parts. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [adjective] > civilized part outside1896 1896 C. Whitney On Snow-shoes to Barren Grounds 40 Gairdner had annoyed me a great deal, and no doubt we had worried him not a little, breaking in upon the even and lethargic tenor of his monotonous life with our ‘out~side’ (as the great world is called by the denizens of this lone land) hustling ways. 1904 J. Lynch Three Years Klondike 141 The leader is always a small ‘outside’ dog, usually of the Scotch collie breed. 1958 P. Berton Klondike Fever ix. 307 Expense!.. Don't show your ignorance by using that cheap Outside word. 1977 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 8 Jan. 11/7 By special arrangement, one outside reporter will attend the dance. 6. Designating or relating to a very remote chance or possibility. Esp. in outside chance. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > improbability, unlikeliness > [noun] > remote chance a hundred to one1647 a million to one1678 long odds1764 long shot1796 off-chance1844 long chance1854 outside chance1867 a fat chance1892 to have a Chinaman's chance1915 1867 Temple Bar Jan. 199 It would have been safe to stake every shilling I had in the world against such an outside chance as his rehabilitation! 1901 G. Ade 40 Mod. Fables 8 If you marry the Cheap Man, it is true that you stand a Show of getting the whole Estate sooner or later, but this is an Outside Chance. 1931 J. A. Williamson Evol. Eng. iii. 67 (note) It should be regarded as an outside possibility. 1961 Times 26 Apr. 4/4 If they consistently take their chances round the bat, they could be a good outside bet for their first championship. 1995 Racing Post 14 July 48/2 Occasionally makes the frame, outside chance. C. adv. [Short for on the outside or to the outside.] 1. On the outside or exterior; externally; esp. out in the open air. Also: not within a limit or boundary; not within some organization, community, institution, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb] > outside buteOE outeneOE withoutc1000 outwarda1382 withoutforthc1384 outc1390 out of door1579 outside1653 withoutsidec1660 out-over1818 outboard1935 the world > matter > gas > air > fresh air > [adverb] > in the open air or outdoors outc1175 outside1653 al fresco1717 outdoorsa1729 subaerially1848 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb] outfortha1382 utterward1436 outwardsa1450 outwardlyc1475 extern1537 externly1568 extrinsically1584 outgate1590 outly1605 exteriorlya1616 externally1767 outsidely1803 outside1846 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adverb] > outside a body or community without1297 without doors1696 outside1865 1653 Mercurius Democritus No. 55. 435 Could but my skill his Picter truly paint, Ide limbe him in-side Devil, out-side Saint. 1715 N. Dubois & G. Leoni tr. A. Palladio Architecture I. ix. 12 The first course being laid the lesser part out-side; the second the length laid side-way. 1784 M. Berry Jrnl. 3 July in Extracts Jrnls. & Corr. (1865) I. 132 Immediately below the summit we stopped at a châlet, a number of wooden huts near together, resembling both outside and inside the views and descriptions of houses in the South Sea Islands. 1813 T. D. Broughton Lett. Mahratta Camp (1892) 55 They could..see every thing that took place outside. 1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) iii. 16 It was as blank a house inside as outside. 1865 E. Lucas Ess. Relig. & Lit. 1st Ser. 309 While the world outside was being opposed, convinced [etc.]. 1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad ii. 29 ‘Outside’..there was a tremendous sea on. 1952 J. L. Waten Alien Son 130 The beadle had one leg inside the synagogue and one outside. 1983 J. Matthews Park (1989) 176 He sat fidgeting, impatient to be outside, away from the kitchen with its glossy, tiled floor and steel cupboards. 2001 Today's Parent June 12/2 Sometimes they play outside. Sidewalk chalk or blowing bubbles have often kept my children busy. 2. To the outside; into the open air. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in outward direction or directed outwards > towards exterior outwardseOE outeOE outwardOE outwardly1562 outerly1681 outside1837 withoutwards1865 1837 W. T. Moncrieff Sam Weller iii. v. 37 He vas a little quveer feller, as they us'd to let go outside to smoke his pipe, every evenin. 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xli. 452 Are there any people here who run on errands, and so forth?.. I mean who are able to go outside. Not prisoners. 1889 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms xxiv The men and women were ordered to come outside. 1937 Z. N. Hurston Their Eyes were watching God vii. 120 You oughta throw somethin' over yo' shoulders befo' you go outside. You ain't no young pullet no mo'. 1991 Harper's Mag. Sept. 49/1 I felt too punk to eat and, during a lull, went outside to marvel at the waves thundering ashore. 3. spec. a. Canadian. In Northern Canada and Alaska: in or to the settled or urbanized areas beyond these regions; abroad. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [adverb] > civilized part outside1898 1898 F. Russell Explor. Far North 80 To ‘go in’, by the way, is to descend the Athabasca; to return to civilization is to ‘go outside’. 1923 F. Waldo Down Mackenzie 246 I had thought that life beyond the 65th parallel or so was life beyond the pale; but I was now to learn that the Arctic Circle is the inner circle, and the real outsider is—of course—the one who lives ‘Outside’. 1955 Whitehorse (Yukon Territory) Star 24 Feb. 2/1 One of the outstanding characteristics of the Yukon is the general indifference to what is going on Outside. 1984 E. Hoagland Up Black to Chalkyitsik in Balancing Acts (1993) 73 Unlike a lot of the Indians and Eskimos I had been talking to around Alaska..he wasn't sorry to have gone Outside. b. Australian colloquial. In the interior or bush; in a remote, unsettled area. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Australasia > [adverb] > interior outback1859 outside1905 1905 19th Cent. Nov. 218 My friend is still ‘outside’, strong doubtless in his convictions, and outside he will probably remain until he is brought in to the Townsville Hospital to die. 1911 C. E. W. Bean ‘Dreadnought’ of Darling xxxv. 317 But, be the ‘inside’ country never so tame and densely populated, there will always be a huge stretch of country ‘outside’ which cannot by any known means be closely settled. 1930 J. S. Litchfield Far-north Memories 207 Perhaps a young man brings a bride up from the south, and takes up work ‘outside’, i.e., in the bush. c. Baseball. At or above the outside of the home plate; at or beyond the limit of the batter's reach. ΚΠ 1910 J. Evers Baseball in Big Leagues vi. 91 ‘He'll fish,’ remarked Brown. ‘Anything low—in or outside,’ whispered Kling. 1992 N. Ryan & J. Jenkins Miracle Man iv. 58 They were up there at the edge of the batter's box on their toes, ready to bail out. They were so far from the plate that the inside corner was outside to them. 1994 T. Boswell Cracking Show xi. ii. 297 Don't swing wildly, of course, but go ahead and be a ‘zone’ hitter—that is, divide the plate in half and look for a pitch that's up or down, inside or outside. d. Beyond a place where one is physically confined or obliged to be; (esp. slang) out of prison; in civilian life. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > [adverb] > outside prison or military life outside1919 1919 W. Lang Sea-lawyer's Log ix. 108 You got to 'ave some bloody religion in the Navy. Now, wot church did you go to outside? 1961 E. Partridge Dict. Slang (ed. 5) II. 1210/1 I don't care what you were ‘outside’; you're in the Andrew now, so don't forget it, or you'll be in the rattle. 1985 N. Pileggi Wiseguy 94 During the pretrial months and years you just kept throwing money at your lawyer to keep you outside long enough..to fix the case. e. Surfing. Seaward of the breakers or of a line of breakers. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > surfing > [adverb] > outside surf outside1962 1962 T. Masters Surfing made Easy 65 Outside, out past the breaking waves, or at the furthest break. 1962 Austral. Women's Weekly 24 Oct. (Suppl.) 3/3 Outside or out the back, a long way out at sea, beyond the first line of breakers. 1992 New Yorker 24 Aug. 49/2 You find yourself outside, beyond the breaking waves, lolling in the improbably calm, your arms limp (‘noodled’), your sinuses slowly draining, your vision slowly clearing. D. prep. 1. Of position. a. On the outside or outer side of; external to. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > outside of [preposition] withoutc893 utouth1478 withoutside1686 outside1711 outta1856 to get outside of ——1869 1711 Z. Wylde Eng. Master of Defence 18 A Super-Fine Pass, is made by multiplying, or several times changing your Point in and outside the Fort of your Opponent's Weapon. 1795 Epworth (Linc.) Enclosure Act 25 Any Freeboard, Screed, or Parcel of Land left outside the fences. 1826 J. H. Newman Lett. & Corr. (1891) I. 140 As I came outside the Southampton coach to Oxford, I felt as if I could have rooted up St. Mary's spire. 1846 Penny Cycl. Suppl. II. 670/1 [Engines] in which the cylinders are fixed outside the framing. 1925 V. Woolf Mrs. Dalloway 34 Dr. Holmes had told her to make her husband..take an interest in things outside himself. 1954 D. Abse Ash on Young Man's Sleeve 20 Neighbours stood outside their front gates, whispering. 1988 Smithsonian Stud. Amer. Art Fall 82/1 His recent purchase of a house in Catonsville, outside Baltimore..had stretched his income to its limits. b. Beyond the bounds or limits of (an action, sphere, etc.). ΚΠ 1870 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 563 Those services which lie outside the common routine. 1877 L. Tollemache in Fortn. Rev. Dec. 848 Natural forces are in themselves neither moral nor immoral, but outside morality. 1894 J. T. Fowler in St. Adamnan Vita S. Columbae Introd. 67 Any description of them would be outside the purpose of the present work. 1938 Observer 2 Jan. 13/5 It was the Birmingham company that brought Shaw's..‘Back to methuselah’ to London, when ordinary West-End managements regarded it as outside the question. 1972 ‘H. Howard’ Nice Day for Funeral iii. 41 We only meet outside office hours. 1988 D. Brimson & E. Brimson Everywhere we Go viii. 105 Football violence is outside the control of the clubs themselves. 2. Of motion or direction: to or towards the outer side of; to the outside or exterior of; beyond (the bounds or limits of). ΚΠ 1798 J. D. Burk Female Patriotism iv. iii. 26 (stage direct.) Pointing outside the wings. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxv. 240 One of the people of the house came outside the door, and announced that a gentleman below stairs wished to speak to Mr. Johnson. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxix. 384 [They] flung themselves outside the skin between us. 1885 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 29 451 The Court cannot go outside the pleadings in the present action. 1896 Daily News 29 Sept. 6/2 Will you be so kind as to go outside the door and shut it? 1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. iii. 48 The spindle, though formed mainly from the nuclear protoplasm, extends outside the region of the nucleus. 1994 Wanderer 11 Aug. 9/2 Only those with political clout..are allowed to go outside the system. 3. Apart from, besides, except. ΚΠ 1868 E. Yates Rock Ahead i. ii Outside them two, and the Squire in his grave..nobody..knows the rights of the story. 1943 G. Greene Ministry of Fear i. iii. 44 It was almost as if she not only disapproved of him, but had disowned him, wouldn't co-operate in anything—outside the woollies. Phrases P1. In noun use. a. outside in (usually with turn): so that the outer side becomes the inner; = inside out at inside n.1 4. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inversion > inverted [phrase] > inside out inside outwards1681 outside in1681 The ‘In’ and ‘Out1925 1681 Table of Hard Words in S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Remaining Med. Wks. Inverse, a turning inside out, or outside in, upside down, quite contrary. 1691 J. Dunton Voy. round World I. vii. 129 'Tis London turn'd outside in. Here's Streets, and Signs, and Paint. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 66 The Circus..looks like Vespasian's amphitheatre turned outside in. 1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan II. 166 Preaching..as if the great world were to be turned..inside out, or outside in. 1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies i. 18 He did not know that a keeper is only a poacher turned outside in, and a poacher a keeper turned inside out. 1928 R. Campbell Wayzgoose i. 13 There ‘Sundowner's’ with, turned outside in, served as the puttee to a turkey's skin. 2002 Creative Loafing Atlanta (Nexis) 19 June The penis is split open, hollowed out..and the remaining skin is turned outside in. b. to be on the outside looking in and variants: to be excluded from some group, activity, etc. ΚΠ 1910 Chicago Tribune 11 Sept. iii. 1/2 You can make a cleaner getaway if you're on the outside looking in. 1944 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 38 902 Women are still on the outside looking in. 1971 M. Babson Cover-up Story ii. 24 They were laughing at me... It was in-joke laughter, and I was on the outside looking in. 1990 A. Leonard Gate-crashing Dream Party (BNC) 77 I was on the outside looking in... They belonged to a club I wasn't qualified to join, they were at a party and I hadn't been asked. P2. In adverb use, forming a compound preposition with of. outside of (cf. out of prep.). a. Indicating spatial relationship. (a) Beyond the walls, limits, or bounds of; to or on the outside of; external to. outside of a horse (colloquial): on horseback. ΚΠ 1784 J. O'Keeffe Poor Soldier (stage direct.) ii. iii. 20 Outside of Dermot's House. 1842 I. Taylor Anc. Christianity II. 303 The sepulchre lay outside of the ancient city. 1878 O. W. Holmes John Lothrop Motley: Mem. x. 69 His objects of interest outside of his special work. 1889 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms xv He looked better outside of a horse than on his own legs. 1915 J. Webster Dear Enemy 174 He likes to dine outside of the family vault. 1975 Nature 20 Mar. p. xx (advt.) These books are..distributed outside of the U.S.A. and Canada by Academic Press. (b) to get outside of —— (slang): to swallow, eat, or drink ——. Hence to be outside of ——: to have eaten or drunk ——. Cf. Phrases 3b(a). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > outside of [preposition] withoutc893 utouth1478 withoutside1686 outside1711 outta1856 to get outside of ——1869 1869 Galaxy June 831 Don't let's get outside of more'n a bottle apiece, and that plain whiskey. 1886 P. G. Ebbutt Emigrant Life Kansas 182 Directly he got outside of a few glasses of whisky, his manner was very different. 1890 D. Arrowsmith in Big Game N. Amer. 521 My wife said she knew, from his [sc. a racoon's] full stomach and his sneaking look, that he was outside of her pet turkey. 1918 New Jersey Mosquito Dec. 11/1 I got outside a flask of drink, Then stepped into a skating rink. 1981 S. McAughtry Belfast Stories i. 50 ‘Come on,’ says I to Marie,..‘we'll get outside of a feed of bacon and egg and black pudding, and then it's you and me for the nearest flowery dell.’ b. colloquial (originally U.S.). Apart from, with the exception of. ΚΠ 1847 J. J. Oswandel Notes Mexican War (1885) ii. 85 Those who have any money left can get something outside of government rations to eat, but those who have none have to take what comes, good or not good. 1859 A. L. Elwyn Gloss. Supposed Americanisms 82 Outside, this word is frequently used by writers in newspapers in a sense not known to the language. In a Ledger of a late date, there is a phrase..‘outside of the Secretary of War’, for ‘no one but that official’. 1890 Cent. Mag. 127/2 I do not often see anybody outside of my servants, being not at all given to visiting. 1972 New York 8 May 62/2 Outside of a slightly annoying tendency to call all female customers ‘Hon’, everything about Mr. Blume inspires confidence. 1991 F. Kanga Heaven on Wheels (1992) iii. 25 Outside of the people who knew me well, I was a cute joke, ‘just like a real-life walkie-talkie doll’. P3. In prepositional use. ΚΠ 1861 C. J. Lever One of Them lii. 403 Until I came to understand the thing, I was always ‘outside the ropes’. b. to get outside ——: (a) slang to eat or drink —— (also to put oneself outside ——); (b) U.S. to master, to understand. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eat [verb (transitive)] eatc825 to-fret?c1225 vourc1330 dinec1380 to eat inc1450 engorge1541 tooth1579 canvass1602 get1603 eat1607 manger1609 upeat1630 dispatch1711 feed1725 yam1725 to eat off1733 repartake1751 patter1803 chop1833 smouse1840 to stow away1858 to put oneself outside ——1865 to get outside ——1876 to feed down1887 1865 G. A. Sala My Diary in Amer. ii. 46 You enter ostensibly to purchase cherries, and immediately ‘put yourself outside’ a ‘tot’. 1876 Temple Bar Oct. 227 To-morrow aint here, but the grub is, and so I'm a-going to get outside it while I can. 1889 J. S. Farmer Americanisms 405/1 To get outside a thing is to understand it. 1908 Daily Chron. 2 Oct. 3/4 Apples—so large that even the greediest schoolboy could hardly hope to get outside more than one. 1967 D. Campbell in Coast to Coast 1965–6 21 It takes me half an hour to get outside the mixed grill and the ice-cream and coffee. 1977 D. Seaman Committee 27 The first thing I'm going to do when I leave here is put myself outside a long, cold drink. 2008 S. MacBride Flesh House (2009) xvii. 175 DI Steel sat in the passenger seat, eating a bacon buttie.., while Logan got himself outside a hot steak pie. Compounds outside break n. Surfing the surfing location or ‘break’ (break n.1 Additions) which is the furthest from the shore. ΚΠ 1961 Surfer Q. Summer 7 The outside break is almost a half-mile off shore. 1998 N.Y. Times 28 Aug. (Weekend section) e36/6 I took heart at seeing a balding, slightly paunchy surfer gracefully surf a long wave from the outside break, past the jetty and into the cove. 2011 Vanity Fair Feb. 120/3 Bradshaw reveled in it, taking on giant waves at the outside breaks over volcanic reefs a mile or more offshore. outside broadcast n. a radio or television programme recorded or broadcast live on location (abbreviated OB). ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > a broadcast programme or item > [noun] > types of news bulletin1857 news summary1875 police message1886 newsflash1904 headline1908 play-by-play1909 feature1913 spot ad1916 magazine1921 news1923 time signal1923 outside broadcast1924 radiocast1924 amateur hour1925 bulletin1925 serial1926 commentary1927 rebroadcast1927 school broadcast1927 feature programme1928 trailer1928 hour1930 schools broadcast1930 show1930 spot advertisement1930 spot announcement1930 sustaining1931 flash1934 newscast1934 commercial1935 clambake1937 remote1937 repeat1937 snap1937 soap opera1939 sportcast1939 spot commercial1939 daytimer1940 magazine programme1941 season1942 soap1943 soaper1946 parade1947 public service announcement1948 simulcasting1949 breakfast-time television1952 call-in1952 talkathon1952 game show1953 kidvid1955 roundup1958 telenovela1961 opt-out1962 miniseries1963 simulcast1964 soapie1964 party political1966 novela1968 phone-in1968 sudser1968 schools programme1971 talk-in1971 God slot1972 roadshow1973 trail1973 drama-doc1977 informercial1980 infotainment1980 infomercial1981 kideo1983 talk-back1984 indie1988 omnibus1988 teleserye2000 kidult- 1924 Times 30 Apr. 8/1 7.30: Seventh ‘Outside Broadcast’ Concert. 1953 News Chron. 2 June 3/5 It is a long way from 1937, when B.B.C television mounted its first outside broadcast from Hyde Park Corner on another Coronation day. 1995 N. Blincoe Acid Casuals xx. 152 The TV reporter signed off, the outside broadcast unit had finished filming. outside broadcaster n. (a) a person who makes or supervises an outside broadcast; (b) a broadcaster or a contributor to broadcasting who operates outside the usual networks. ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > broadcaster > [noun] > types of co-host1908 announcer1922 newsreader1925 race-reader1926 newscaster1930 sportscaster1930 quizzee1933 school broadcaster1937 commentator1938 racecaster1938 sportcaster1938 femcee1940 record jockey1940 disc jockey1941 narrator1941 deejay1946 colourman1947 anchorman1948 host1948 jock1952 speakerine1957 presenter1959 linkman1960 anchorwoman1961 rock jock1961 anchor1962 jockey1963 voice-over1966 anchorperson1971 outside broadcaster1971 news anchor1975 talk-master1975 satcaster1982 society > communication > broadcasting > putting on or producing broadcast > [noun] > people involved in putting on broadcast script clerk1867 editor1881 programme builder1898 narrowcaster1930 story editor1930 sponsor1931 programme controller1934 scripter1936 lighting1956 producer1961 outside broadcaster1971 sound1972 programmer1978 1971 ‘R. Lewis’ Error of Judgment i. 10 The technicians were already bundling out of the van, unloading..mysterious television equipment. Outside broadcasters. 1972 P. Black Biggest Aspidistra iii. ii. 164 Gilbert Harding..began on the entertainment side of radio as an outside broadcaster. 1989 Federal News Service (Nexis) 14 June The Chinese people..depend on the Voice of America and the BBC and some other outside broadcasters. 2001 Sunday Express (Nexis) 27 May 57 The Priory's outside broadcaster..gets to go all over the country challenging members of the public to eat large quantities of food. outside broadcasting n. the action of making an outside broadcast. ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > [noun] > broadcasting specific type of programme or item spot advertising1904 outside broadcasting1925 school broadcasting1926 newscasting1928 sportcasting1934 sportscasting1941 revival1955 pray-TV1957 trailing1961 radiovision1963 1925 Times 15 June 8/3 Here, also, one of the earliest experiments in outside broadcasting was made, this being from a picture theatre. 1937 Discovery Feb. 43/2 Much of the popularity of television will be linked up with the development of outside broadcasting. 1997 Car Mar. 115/2 Elephantine cable of dimensions familiar from the early years of outside broadcasting. outside cabin n. a ship's cabin with an outside window or porthole. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > room, locker, or quarters > [noun] > cabin > types of on passenger ship state rooma1754 ladies' cabin1814 outside cabin1924 tourist cabin1928 1924 Times 16 Jan. 2/3 Single and two-berth outside cabins. 1966 Guardian 29 Oct. 5/5 Two-berth outside cabins with private shower and w.c. 1992 Marine Engineers Rev. Nov. 14/1 Accommodation is arranged in 13m2 twin-berth outside cabins for up to 50 lorry drivers. outside calliper n. (also outside callipers) a pair of callipers with inward-facing points for measuring the outside length or diameter of an object. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measuring instrument > [noun] > for measuring distances > compasses, dividers, or callipers compassa1387 proportional compass1570 callipers1571 calliper compass1581 triangular compasses1701 dividers1703 cannipers1707 hair-compasses1728 bow-compass1796 outside calliper1874 wing-compass1875 moff1885 odd-leg1900 1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 429/2 Inside and outside calipers. 1967 Evolution 21 584/2 Right hind leg length—outside caliper; from knee to heel. 2002 Jrnl. Sports Sci. (Nexis) 1 Sept. 717 All widths were measured using recurved outside calipers. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > types of carriage > with seats facing the side jaunting-car1805 sidecar1845 outside car1849 outsider1900 1849 W. Allingham Diary 30 June (1907) 49 Our party took leave and mounted a back outside-car in Gloucester Street. 1874 ‘G. Ramsay’ Thomas Grant i. 23 They drove up on an outside car to the quays. 1894 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ Real Charlotte II. xx. 80 The servants of the household were divided between the outside car and the chariot. outside child n. U.S. and Caribbean a child whose parents are not married to each other. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > [noun] > illegitimate child avetrolc1300 bastardc1330 misbegetc1330 whoresonc1330 horcop14.. get?a1513 misbegotten1546 misbegot1558 mamzer1562 base1571 bantling1593 by-blow1595 by-chopa1637 by-scape1646 by-slipa1670 illegitimate1673 stall-whimper1676 love brata1700 slink1702 child, son of shame1723 babe of love1728 adulterine1730 come-by-chance?1750 byspel1781 love-child1805 come-o'-will1815 chance-child1838 chance-bairn1863 side-slip1872 fly-blow1875 catch colt1901 illegit1913 outside child1930 1930 Polit. Sci. Q. 45 353 Most of them all refer with pride to their ‘outside children’. The law of adultery is enforced now and then when it becomes too open. 1950 A. Lomax Mister Jelly Roll 35 Maybe some of us is ‘outside children’, because I don't know for sure that Mama was really married to Jelly's daddy or to mine. 1964 K. F. Otterbein in Social & Econ. Stud. (Univ. of W. Indies) 13 295 If a woman has an outside child, she has difficulty finding a husband. 1995 P. Jenkins Along Edge of Amer. xxxii. 210 Rob had several ‘outside children’—children born outside of wedlock. 2014 G. Bahadur Coolie Woman i. 8 An ‘outside child’—which is what West Indians call a child born ouside a legal marriage. outside director n. Business a director of a company who is not actually employed by the company concerned and who does not have operational responsibilities. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > non-manual worker > businessman > [noun] > director > type of co-director1694 company director1739 managing director1834 worker director1913 outside director1941 systems operator1956 1941 Amer. Econ. Rev. 31 840 The insurance staff..cite..evidence of failure of ‘outside’ directors to attend life insurance directors' meetings. 1968 Economist 18 May 74/2 One can see bloated central staffs, outside directors who are appositely called ‘lunching directors’ and cannot control their management colleagues. 1999 Korea Herald (Nexis) 13 Sept. A controversial government decree requiring chaebol firms to fill half of their board members with outside directors will be watered down. outside edge n. Skating each of the edges of an ice skate which face outwards when both feet are together; to do the outside edge: to practise skating on the outside edge. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > skating > [noun] > figure-skating > specific edge outside edge1772 inside edge1857 outer edge1902 1772 R. Jones Treat. Skating 37 [The Dutch] travel on the outside edge. 1796 Monthly Mirror Dec. 505 One of the skaiter's [sic] collar bone was broke by a fall in trying to do the outside edge. 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. iii. 46 Learning to cut the outside edge, on skaits that have no edge to cut with. 1885 Graphic 3 Jan. 3/2 To polish up their skates, and to dream..of doing the outside edge almost before Candlemas is over. 1932 Boys' Life Jan. 36/2 Skaters..whirling around like pin-wheels, doing the outside edge backwards, doing the grapevine and all those intricate figures. 1988 B. Orser Orser: Skater's Life i. 21 A flip that takes off on the back outside edge instead of the inside is called a Lutz. outside finish n. U.S. the completion of the (esp. wooden) exterior of a building; (also) an item used for this. ΚΠ 1845 Prairie Farmer (Chicago) Oct. 251/1 300 feet walnut for windows and other outside finish. 1854 O. S. Fowler Home for All ii. §22. 45 Suppose the whole outside finish should cost $50, painting included, pray, is this not very cheap? 1906 Sweet's Indexed Catal. Building Constr. 1906 725 Elastic Outside Finish—This is for store fronts, doors and general exterior work, being made with special reference to durability under exposure to the weather. 1927 Standards & Specif. Wood-using Industr. (U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Misc. Publication 79) 38/1 Very suitable for outside finish, stepping, flooring, cornice, novelty siding and any exterior purpose requiring a lasting, sound, and desirable wood. 1952 Carpenter Oct. 39/1 Outside finish is in many respects as important as inside finish. In fact, outside finish receives the public view a great deal more than inside finish does. 2012 H. S. L. C. Hens Performance Based Building Design 1 vii. 133 The diffusion thickness of outside finish and insulation must pass that of the blind floor and the layers on top. outside forward n. Association Football and Hockey a forward who plays on the left- or right-hand side of the centre, a winger. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > characteristics of team ball games > [noun] > players or positions wing-back1734 goalkeeper1789 outfielder1855 quarter1857 centre fielder1865 outfield1867 quarterback1867 right1867 centre1868 left wing1871 left-back1873 left half-back1873 centre forward1874 left-centre1877 right-centre1877 centre back1878 centre half-back1879 forward1879 back1880 right wing1880 right half-back1881 goaltender1882 right-winger1882 wing1882 centre half1884 left winger1884 inside1886 half1887 custodian1888 left half1888 midfielder1888 left wing1889 right half1889 centreman1890 midfield1890 outside right1890 outfieldsman1891 goalie1894 winger1896 infield1897 inside forward1897 inside right1897 outside forward1897 outside1898 outside left1900 rearguard1904 pivot1911 wing-man1942 keeper1957 link1958 linkman1963 midfield1976 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 517/1 [article Hockey] Of the two outside forwards, he on the right has much the easier position in which to play. 1898 J. Goodall Assoc. Football 18 I would not tell the outside forward that it is his duty to centre the ball. 1992 Washington Post (Nexis) 5 Nov. b4 Left outside forward Cheryl Karwois scored two goals. outside half n. Rugby = fly-half n. at fly n.2 Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > rugby football > [noun] > types of player > player or position full back1875 goal kick1875 No. eight1876 goalkicker1879 three-quarter back1880 handler1888 three-quarter1889 heeler1892 scrum half1894 lock forward1898 standoff1902 five-eighth1905 hooker1905 threes1905 flying half1906 loose head1907 standoff1908 fly-half1918 fly1921 inside half1921 outside half1921 scrum1921 inside centre1936 flank forward1937 out-half1949 prop1950 prop forward1951 number eight1952 flanker1953 tight head1959 back-rower1969 second rower1969 striker1973 packman1992 1921 W. J. Martin in E. H. D. Sewell Rugby Football up to Date 61 The easiest way to make an opening is to steal a march on your opposing outside half by getting a flying start. 1949 Rugby League Football (‘Know the Game’ Series) 8 Stand off half back or outside half. 1998 Watt's On (Heriot-Watt Univ. Students' Assoc.) Nov. 12/5 A stunning scissors move between outside half and full back put us further ahead. outside interest n. (a) an interested party not directly involved in a business, campaign, etc.; (b) an interest or hobby not directly connected with one's work or day-to-day life. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > business claiming attention > an occupation or affair > in which one has an interest interest1619 outside interest1854 1854 Thirty Years' View I. 345 The Act of 1833, called a ‘compromise’, was a breach of all the rules, and all the principles of legislation—concocted out of doors, managed by politicians dominated by an outside interest. 1860 J. W. Palmer tr. M. J. Michelet Love iv. vii. 235 It is the fault of the labor, the business, the outside interests and the cases with which I have been occupied. 1925 R. Hall Sat. Life xxix. 301 Could two deeply-loving and devoted people tolerate outside interests? 1974 R. Rendell Face of Trespass ii. 26 What you need..is some outside interest, something to take you out of yourself. 2002 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. Sentinel (Nexis) 3 Nov. 1 j Candidates are dependent on big money from seven or eight outside interests to fund their campaigns. ΚΠ 1829 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 25 771/2 There is a vehicular machine, peculiar, I believe, to Ireland called ‘an outside jaunting-car!’ outside job n. colloquial a crime committed by a person not connected or associated with the building, organization, etc., in which it took place. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a crime > other general types of crime political offence1771 street crime1853 crime passionnel1892 war crime1906 inside job1908 outside job1925 single-o1930 hate crime1960 1925 A. Christie Secret of Chimneys xii. 120 Either he was killed by someone in the house, and that someone unlatched the window after I had gone to make it look like an outside job..or else..I'm lying. 1972 ‘M. Innes’ Open House ii. x. 94 Wasn't there something factitious about the whole affair? Didn't it match the hoary old formula of the inside job disguised as an outside job? 2002 Times-Picayune (New Orleans) (Nexis) 16 Oct. 1 I also suspected that if it had been an outside job that the perpetrators would have made off with a lot of merchandise. outside leaf n. an outer leaf on a vegetable. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > cabbage or kale > [noun] > cabbage > leaf or head outside leaf1737 loaf1819 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > cabbage or kale > cabbage > seed, leaf, or stalk of castock1398 wort stockc1450 outside leaf1737 1737 Smith's Compl. Housewife (ed. 8) 37 Take a well-shap'd Cabbage, peel off some of the out-side leaves. 1861 I. M. Beeton Bk. Househ. Managem. xxv. 560 Boiled Cabbage... Pick off all the dead outside leaves. 1960 Good Housek. Cookery Bk. (rev. ed.) 218/1 Leeks... Remove the coarse outside leaves. outside left n. Association Football and Hockey a forward who plays on the left wing. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > characteristics of team ball games > [noun] > players or positions wing-back1734 goalkeeper1789 outfielder1855 quarter1857 centre fielder1865 outfield1867 quarterback1867 right1867 centre1868 left wing1871 left-back1873 left half-back1873 centre forward1874 left-centre1877 right-centre1877 centre back1878 centre half-back1879 forward1879 back1880 right wing1880 right half-back1881 goaltender1882 right-winger1882 wing1882 centre half1884 left winger1884 inside1886 half1887 custodian1888 left half1888 midfielder1888 left wing1889 right half1889 centreman1890 midfield1890 outside right1890 outfieldsman1891 goalie1894 winger1896 infield1897 inside forward1897 inside right1897 outside forward1897 outside1898 outside left1900 rearguard1904 pivot1911 wing-man1942 keeper1957 link1958 linkman1963 midfield1976 1900 Football Who's Who 134 Cassidy, Joseph, Manchester City (outside left). 1965 Men's Hockey (‘Know the Game’ Ser.) (rev. ed.) 24/2 The outside right when about to pass to his left will find it more convenient to have the ball a little in front of his left foot. The outside left, however, must make a half turn to the right when passing right [etc.]. 1975 Liverpool Echo (Football ed.) 1 Feb. 3/1 There seems to have been some debate as to who was the Liverpool outside left before Billy Liddell. outside line n. (a) Fencing the part of the body or target area to the right of a weapon when held on guard by a right-handed fencer; (b) a telephone connection with an external exchange (cf. line n.2 1e). ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telephony > [noun] > line > types of private line1852 outside line1861 firewire1883 party line1893 order wire1912 tie-line1923 open line1941 hotline1954 1861 G. Chapman Foil Pract. i. 10 Thus it is said, from the engagement of Tierce disengage and thrust..Sixte on the outside line high, Octave in the outside line low. 1921 EMF Electr.Year Bk. 297/1 A distributing frame in the central office between the incoming subscriber lines and the switchboard. It permits any outside line to be connected to any switchboard number. 1944 H. McCloy Panic 6 Ronnie showed the doctor how to get an outside line and he dialed a number. 1960 C. L. de Beaumont Fencing ii. 64 It is easier to cover the line when an indirect ripose is ending on the attacker's outside lines. 1962 E. S. Gardner Case of Blonde Bonanza x. 117 You can't get an outside line on these phones unless they connect you. 1988 M. Dibdin Ratking iv. 94 He got an outside line, dialled the law courts. 1997 W. M. Gaugler Sci. Fencing v. 36 An attack to the right of the arm is said to enter the outside line. outside linebacker n. American Football a linebacker positioned wide of, and usually a short distance behind, the defensive line. ΚΠ 1975 G. Sullivan Pro Football A to Z 204 Outside linebacker, either of the two linebackers who is stationed three to four yards behind the line of scrimmage and just to the outside of either of the defensive ends. 1993 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 7 Nov. 11/1 Every year..publishers blitz the nation with a bunch of snap autobiographies written by the winners' head coach, quarterback and outside linebackers. outside loop n. a looping movement made by an aircraft in which the back of the aircraft is on the outside of the curve. ΚΠ 1955 M. Reifer Dict. New Words 175 Red out, to experience a red field of vision..as a result of blood rushing to the head in certain aerial maneuvers, such as a rapid climb, inverted spins, outside loops, etc. 2002 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 16 June 1 The tricks Englehardt performs even sound scary: double hammerheads, lomcovaks, torque rolls, tail-slides, various unnamed tumbles, outside snap rolls and an eight-sided outside loop. outside man n. †(a) a man who works outside or out of doors (obsolete); (b) U.S. slang a person involved in any of various special roles in a confidence trick or robbery. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > [noun] > accomplice outputter1421 outparter1607 gammon1717 gammoner1795 outside man1861 inside man1935 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > worker in specific place > [noun] > outside or in open air outman1793 outworker1813 surfaceman1839 outside man1861 1861 H. Mayhew London Labour (new ed.) II. 447/1 The outsideman, whose business it is to attend to the pipe, which reaches from the cesspool..to the gullyhole. 1917 A. Cahan Rise of David Levinsky (1993) viii. iii. 198 Money can be made, but with a fool of an outside man even more than twenty thousand dollars might go up in smoke. 1938 F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad xiv. 151 She was acting as look out or ‘outside man’ for two expert safe breakers. 1977 D. Powis Signs of Crime, Field Man. for Police 195 Outside man, Lookout man for criminals but particularly for a ‘firm’ of card sharps engaged in the three-card trick. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > [noun] > number of passengers using specific transport > coach passenger sitting inside or outside outside passenger1762 outside1789 in1844 out1844 insider1854 1762 London Chron. 28 Oct. 418/1 As soon as his head was within the coach, an honest Welchman, an outside passenger, made a blow at him with his stick. a1827 W. Hickey Mem. (1960) 326 One of the stage-coaches, with a number of outside passengers..frightened our horse. 1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood vi. 37 Mr. Crisparkle could hardly see anything else of it [sc. this vehicle] for a large outside passenger seated on the box. 1883 R. Broughton Belinda III. iv. iv. 229 The coach that starts at eleven o'clock has started..and among its mackintoshed and umbrellad outside passengers it reckons his wife. outside right n. Association Football and Hockey a forward who plays on the right wing. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > characteristics of team ball games > [noun] > players or positions wing-back1734 goalkeeper1789 outfielder1855 quarter1857 centre fielder1865 outfield1867 quarterback1867 right1867 centre1868 left wing1871 left-back1873 left half-back1873 centre forward1874 left-centre1877 right-centre1877 centre back1878 centre half-back1879 forward1879 back1880 right wing1880 right half-back1881 goaltender1882 right-winger1882 wing1882 centre half1884 left winger1884 inside1886 half1887 custodian1888 left half1888 midfielder1888 left wing1889 right half1889 centreman1890 midfield1890 outside right1890 outfieldsman1891 goalie1894 winger1896 infield1897 inside forward1897 inside right1897 outside forward1897 outside1898 outside left1900 rearguard1904 pivot1911 wing-man1942 keeper1957 link1958 linkman1963 midfield1976 1890 C. W. Alcock Football: Association Game 48 The outside-right should not be more than eight or ten yards beyond him. 1952 Times 6 Oct. 9/1 Although Milton showed..that there are other outside-rights besides Matthews, the first 20 minutes were Blackpool's. 1974 Sunday Mail 14 Apr. 39/1 Both goals..were scored by the outside rights. 2005 R. Allaway Rangers, Rovers & Spindles iii. 91 Gonsalves was an inside right, mentored in his soccer skills by Alex McNab, the outside right with whom he was paired for many years. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.adv.prep.1457 |
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