单词 | prescription |
释义 | prescriptionn.1 I. Law. 1. a. Uninterrupted use or possession from time immemorial, or for a period fixed by law as giving a title or right; a title or right acquired by virtue of such use or possession. Also more fully positive prescription. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > [noun] > right arising from use prescriptiona1402 usera1616 short prescription1838 a1402 J. Trevisa tr. Dialogus Militem et Clericum (Harl.) 33 Ȝif ȝe seyn nay, by cause of prescripcioun and custom, þat ȝe haueþ y-vsed in þe contrarie in longe fredome, we answereþ ȝou. ?c1430 (?1383) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 294 Ȝif coveitouse prestis han be in possession of oþere mennus goodis fourty ȝeer or þritti, wrongfully..þei may not be taken from hem..for þe vertu of prescripcion, bi long custom of synne, haþþe made hem lordis. 1483 Act 1 Rich. III c. 6 §1 Divers Fairs have been holden..by Prescription allowed afore Justices in Eyre. 1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng vi. f. 6 This is commen appurtenaunte by prescripcyon, bycause of the vse out of tyme of mynde. 1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes vi. f. 221 Where the probation and approbation of testamentes of the tenaunts there dwelling, dooth by prescription appertaine to the principall Lord. 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. xiii. 269 His title to this plain..is made lawfull by the prescription of three thousand years possession. 1682 Modest Enq. Election Sheriffs London 32 Nor were these Charters..Original Grants, but only Confirmations of what the City had by prescription possess'd and enjoy'd long before. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 194 'Tis said in our Law Books, that the Publick acquires a Right by Custom, but only private Persons acquire it by Prescription. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 223 If prescription be once shaken, no species of property is secure, when it once becomes an object large enough to tempt the cupidity of indigent power. View more context for this quotation 1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. III. 524 This mode of acquiring property was well known in the Roman law, by the name of usucupio... In the English law it is called prescription. 1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 766 The positive prescription was introduced [into Scotland] by the act 1617, c. 12. 1895 F. Pollock & F. W. Maitland Hist. Eng. Law II. ii. iv. 140 Many incorporeal things can be acquired by prescription, by long-continued use. In particular we may see this in the case of rights of common. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 966/2 There is an ancient corn-market, probably held by prescription. 1951 W. H. Jennings Canad. Law Bus. & Personal Use viii. 167 If a person has openly enjoyed the use of a right of way across another's land for twenty years, he acquires the right by prescription. 2009 R. J. Smith Property Law (ed. 6) xxiii. 510 The confectioner argued that he had acquired an easement to create the noise and vibration by prescription. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > customs, values, or beliefs of a society or group > [noun] > custom of a society or group > viewed as authoritative prescription1589 1589 J. Horsey Let. in E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. (1856) App. ii. 301 Yt was not fytte his Majestie should be bound to geve his letteres of protectyon by prescriptyone, but as seemed his Kyngly pleasure beste. 1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 92 Yet Plantagenet, Steward, Valois, Borbon, Habsburg, &c. by prescription of time haue prevailed so farre, as they are now accounted surnames. 1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 170 Almost all the Principal Points of the Intervenient Law of Nations..do depend upon Prescription or antient Custom. a1704 T. Brown Declam. Praise Wealth in Wks. (1707) I. i. 121 Your Love to my Order is of Antient Date, and very long Prescription. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 1 (1753) I Some easy Method..which..might enjoy the Security of Prescription. 1792 M. Wollstonecraft Vindic. Rights Woman i. 17 Proof must be brought, or the strong hold of prescription will never be forced by reason. 1852 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire (ed. 2) I. ii. 78 His temper was moulded to the love of precedent and prescription. 1881 B. F. Westcott & F. J. A. Hort New Test. in Orig. Greek II. Introd. i. 16 The..modified Erasmian texts that reigned by an accidental prescription. ΘΚΠ society > morality > dueness or propriety > [noun] > right or moral entitlement > founded on long use prescription1625 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 281 Vse also such, as haue..Preuailed before in Things wherein you haue Emploied them; For that breeds Confidence, and they will striue to maintaine their Prescription. a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) iii. 104 Narrow self-ended Souls make prescription of good Offices. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xix. 334 The country gentlemen and the country clergymen [had been] on the side of authority and prescription. 2. Limitation or restriction of the time within which an action or claim can be raised; the extinction of a title or right by failure to claim it or exercise it over a long period; (also) †a restriction of this nature (obsolete). See also negative prescription n. at negative adj., adv.2, and int. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > a lawsuit > condition of being pending > limit of time for action to be raised prescription1449 limitation1527 negative prescription1838 1449 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 37/1 He salbe herde..bot gif he byde sa lang, that prescripcion lauchful be runnyn. 1474 Sc. Acts Jas. III (1814) II. 107/1 Anentis þe act maide of befor of prescripcione of obligacionis it is ordanit [etc.]. 1542 King Henry VIII Declar. Causes Warre Scottis D iij b The passing ouer of tyme not commodious for the purpose, is not allegable in prescription for the losse of any right. 1605 Hist. Tryall Cheualry sig. A2 Yeres limit not a Crowne, There's no prescriptions to inthrall a King. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre i. ix. 13 No prescription of time could prejudice the title of the King of Heaven. 1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. II. iii. vii. §6 Servants' fees, house-rents, men's ordinaries (i.e. money due for board), and merchants' accounts, fall under the triennial prescription. 1761 J. Lauder Decisions Lords of Council & Session 1678–1712 An obvious defence of prescription arising from the bond dated in 1661, and no pursuit for it till 1702, being 40 years thereafter. 1797 tr. E. de Vattel Law Nations (new ed.) ii. xi. 187 Prescription is the exclusion of all pretensions to a right—an exclusion founded on the length of time during which that right has been neglected. 1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 768 The negative prescription of obligations, by the lapse of forty years, was first introduced [into Scotland] by the statute 1469, c. 29. 1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 774 By 7 Will. III, c. 3 §5, high treason committed within the Queen's dominions suffers a triennial prescription, if indictment be not found against the offender by a grand jury within that time. 1896 W. K. Morton Man. Law Scotl. 330 Delay short of the period necessary for prescription, but which, combined with the silence of the creditor, creates the inference of abandonment of the obligation. 1939 Session Cases 40 The defender pleaded that the obligation contained in that bond had been extinguished by prescription. 1972 U.S. Rep. (Supreme Court) 404 102 Under Louisiana law, ‘prescription’, unlike ‘peremption’, bars the remedy but does not formally extinguish the right to recovery. 1999 K. Gray & S. F. Gray Land Law (new ed.) 170 The law of prescription readily presumes a fictional grant of an easement..from the fact of prolonged enjoyment. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > [noun] > right arising from use > fixing or claiming prescription1530 1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student l. f. cxxxiiii If a hole countrey prescrybe to pay no tythes for corne or hey nor suche other, [shewe me] whether thou thynke that that prescripcyon ys good. 1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 222 Prescription is when a man claimeth any thing, for that he, his ancestors, or predecessors,..have had, or used any thing all the time, whereof no mind is to the contrary. 1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. III. 72 A prescription de non decimando, which is a claim to be entirely discharged from tithes, and to pay no compensation for them. II. gen. 4. The action or an act of prescribing or setting down something beforehand, esp. as a rule, law, etc.; a thing which is prescribed or set down; written or explicit direction or injunction. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > ordinance, prescription, or appointment besight1258 ordainmenta1325 constitution1393 assignationa1400 signmentc1425 appointmentc1440 steveningc1440 pointingc1449 ordinationc1450 instituting1534 prescription1542 prescribement1563 assignment1597 nomination1597 designation1609 consignation1650 reassignment1650 reassignation1655 consignmenta1668 appunctuation1768 destination1868 allocation1876 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes sig. f4v The moste parte of people is barred from offendyng, onely by prestripcions [sic] of lawes [L. legum prescriptis], but a philosophier accoumpteth and vseth reason in stede of lawes. 1549 H. Latimer 1st Serm. before Kynges Grace sig. Cviii Suerlye, we wyll not exchange oure fathers doyngs and tradicions,..but cheifely lene vnto them and to their prescription. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xiv. 103 Your feete of three times by prescription of the Latine Grammariens are of eight sundry proportions. 1641 S. Marshall et al. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. (1653) §2. 8 Their prayer was not of Regular prescription, but of a present Conception. a1683 J. Owen Disc. Holy Spirit (1791) I. ii. ii. 254 We may better learn our wants from his [sc. God's] prescription of what we ought to pray for, than from our own sense and experience. a1716 O. Blackall Wks. (1723) I. i. 4 To lead his Life according to those Rules and Prescriptions which are here given by our Saviour. 1797 Fair Statement Real Grievances Officers & Sailors 32 What an unjust prescription, that a man should be tied to an inferior situation, because his abilities render him worthy of a greater one. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. iii. 41 Notwithstanding the prescription of the genial hermit, with which his guest willingly complied, he found it no easy matter to bring the harp to harmony. 1874 H. Sidgwick Methods of Ethics i. ix. 95 In the recognition of conduct as ‘right’ is involved an authoritative prescription to do it. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 557/1 If..it were possible to establish on clear principles the prescriptions of the rights of nations. 1968 J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Linguistics i. 43 In distinguishing between description and prescription, the linguist is not saying that there is no place for prescriptive studies of language. 1998 L. Sklair Sociol. Progress xi. 197 I do not consider ethics, the study and prescription/proscription of moral conduct, to require utter certainty or complete verification. 5. a. A doctor's instruction, usually in writing, for the composition and use of a medicine; the action of prescribing a medicine; a medicine prescribed. Also more widely: any treatment ordered by a medical practitioner. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > [noun] > prescription or recipe receipta1398 recipe1533 billa1535 prescription1568 prescript1583 physic-bill1614 script1887 Rx1911 scrip1917 the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [noun] > course of treatment > prescribed by a doctor prescription1568 doctor's orders1716 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament > prescribed medicine receipt1421 recipe1533 reset1564 recept1576 prescript1583 prescription1679 medication1849 1568 G. Skeyne Breue Descriptioun Pest vi. sig. B Quhairin I am constrynit of necessitie, to vse the prescriptioun of sum Medicinis in Latine. 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin x. 540 Eating..rawe apples and things contrarie to the prescription of Phisicke. 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 188 The best prescription..is to use such exercises as gently dilate and extend the Breast. 1679 tr. Trag. Hist. Jetzer 15 This Prescription the Sub-prior faithfully made up, and put into Phials for use. 1700 P. Rycaut Hist. Turks III. 131 The Elector of Bavaria..remained at Brin to take the Air by the prescription of his Physitians. 1777 J. W. Fletcher Bible-Arminianism 25 Physicians, who write their prescriptions in latin. 1808 J. Austen Let. Oct. (1995) 144 I am much obliged to you for enquiring about my ear, & am happy to say that Mr. Lyford's prescription has entirely cured me. 1861 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing (new ed.) 93 Women who will write to London to their physician,..and ask for some prescription from him, which they ‘used to like’. 1936 A. Ransome Pigeon Post xxvii. 287 He could see behind the piles of patent medicines on the counter to a laboratory bench where a man was making up a prescription. 1967 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 113 871/1 The prescription of such drugs meets a very real need of doctors to appear to be doing something for the cohorts of unfortunates committed to their charge. 1988 S. Gray How's that for telling 'em, Fat Lady? i. 12 On Saturday I moseyed up to the chemist for some Nicorettes, to be informed that I could only get them on prescription. 2001 N. Jones Rough Guide Trav. Health i. 58 Antihistamines have multiple uses, are relatively cheap and are generally available without a prescription. b. figurative and in extended use. Something suggested or provided to alleviate a non-medical complaint; a remedy or solution for a particular problem.Often (esp. in early use) as part of an extended medical metaphor. ΚΠ 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 i. ii. 131 Your Lordship may minister the potion of imprisonment to me, in respect of pouerty, but how I should be your pacient to follow your prescriptions, the wise may make som dramme of a scruple, or indeede a scruple it selfe. 1721 C. Cibber Refusal ii. 24 L. Wr. Think no more of him than he thinks of you, and I'll answer for your Cure... Char. I shall follow your Prescription, Madam. 1762 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 545/2 While medicine makes the body whole, This little tract affords prescriptions for the soul. 1886 J. Morley Crit. Misc. III. 255 Lord Grey's prescription..consisted of the following ingredients:—the cumulative vote; not fewer than three seats to each constituency, etc. 1969 Playground Daily News (Fort Walton Beach, Florida) 2 Apr. 3/4 (advt.) Splendid side effects..achieved with fashion's freshest coatdress prescription. 1992 New Republic 7 Sept. 39/2 The decade [sc. the 1950s] not only failed to offer a prescription for America's present ills but was in fact an early symptom of them. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restriction or limitation > [noun] limiting1391 moderation1429 bridlingc1443 limitation1483 confine1548 restriction1554 limit1572 prescription1604 bounding1607 circumscriptiona1616 stricture1649 stinting1656 circumscribing1660 contractiona1670 confinement1678 contracting1692 handcuff1814 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > quality of being restricted or limited > [noun] > restriction or limitation definitionc1386 limiting1391 moderation1429 limitation1483 restriction1554 restraint1566 limit1572 stint1593 prescription1604 stintance1605 bounding1607 confining1608 confine1609 circumscriptiona1616 definement1643 stricture1649 stinting1656 circumscribing1660 contractiona1670 confinement1678 contracting1692 narrowing1871 1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Prescription, limitation, or appointing a certaine compasse. a1605 R. Bannatyne Memorials Trans. Scotl. (1836) 155 What reasone..is it, that onlie xij in my cumpany salbe present..without prescriptione of number for thy pairt? 1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης ix. 85 To limit and lay prescription on the Laws of God and truth of the Gospel by mans establishment. a1718 W. Penn Tracts in Wks. (1726) I. 451 If Men be restricted by the Prescriptions of some Individuals. Compounds C1. (In sense 5.) prescription charge n. ΚΠ 1914 Atlanta (Georgia) Constit. 12 Apr. 2 b/6 (advt.) Yet, notwithstanding our skill and superior equipment, and the expensive precautions we take, Jacobs' prescription charges are always fair. 1949 Times 25 Oct. (heading) 4/2 The 1s. prescription charge. Lord Shepherd..moved the second reading of the National Health Service (Amendment) Bill. 2003 Independent 11 July 15/3 My eldest son, a CF sufferer, retired at 30 from his job on grounds of ill health. His hefty monthly prescription charges have all but mopped up his meagre £40 pension. prescription-only adj. ΚΠ 1933 Chron.-Telegram (Elyria, Ohio) 4 Dec. 7/1 (advt.) New herbal prescription only medicine really overcame stomach disorders, constipation, nervousness, dizzy spells, rundown condition and backaches. 2002 Evening Standard 28 May 26/4 Botox is a prescription-only drug which, in theory, should be given only by a doctor. prescription pad n. ΚΠ 1894 News (Frederick, Maryland) 5 Jan. For doctors are prescription pads of leather, silver mounted and bearing cabalistic markings at the top of each page. 1928 E. O'Neill Strange Interlude ii. 61 He..goes to the table and taking a prescription pad from his pocket, hastily scratches on it. 1999 Cosmopolitan (U.K. ed.) June 32/3 Often, GPs don't discuss all the options with their patient—reaching for the prescription pad is easier than fitting the cap or explaining how an IUD works. prescription-writing n. ΚΠ 1793 T. Beddoes Observ. Nature & Cure Calculus 190 The art of pharmacy and the science of prescription-writing will become useless. 1886 Denton (Maryland) Jrnl. 21 Aug. Dr. Holbrook should be careful how he treads on this dangerous ground of prescription writing. 2003 Boston Herald (Nexis) 5 Dec. 37 Of the 423 doctors who responded to the survey, 85 percent said prescription-writing should be computerized. C2. prescription book n. a book in which medical prescriptions are recorded. ΚΠ 1782 S. Ayscough Catal. MSS Brit. Mus. II. 525 Prescription book, from Oct. 18, 1675, to June 29, 1678. 1825 Lancet 1 Oct. 19/2 The above evils might easily be remedied..by causing the prescription books to be left in the respective wards, after each surgeon's visit. 1992 G. M. Fraser Quartered Safe out Here 45 My father glancing through his Glasgow Herald before his battered leather prescription book. prescription drug n. a drug which is only obtainable on prescription. ΚΠ 1872 Rep. Joint Sel. Comm. Late Insurrectionary States 961 I live in Aberdeen and keep a prescription drug store. 1952 Social Forces 30 270/2 Drug stores (selling prescription drugs, often in combination with other merchandise) are of average urbanization. 2000 Which? Oct. 4/1 Should you be taking the prescription drug naproxen for your aches? prescription glass n. (a) a lens ground according to an optician's prescription; (in plural) spectacles made for the correction of sight according to an optician's prescription (as distinct from those designed simply as sunglasses, protective spectacles, etc.); †(b) a glass vessel with graduations marked on it, used for measuring (obsolete rare).Sense (b) is apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1888 Sci. Amer. 28 Apr. 259/1 The lens-grinding room..is devoted almost exclusively to making what are known as ‘prescription glasses’. 1890 Cent. Dict. Prescription-glass, a glass vessel with measures, as of a tablespoonful, teaspoonful, etc., marked on it. 1994 Fine Homebuilding Nov. 82/3 I wear prescription glasses, what the safety industry calls ‘street wear’. prescription medicine n. = prescription drug n. ΚΠ 1880 Denton (Maryland) Jrnl. 29 May 8/4 We purchase our drugs from the most reliable houses, and keep a complete list of Prescription Medicines as are usually kept outside of the city. 1965 Times 29 Oct. 5/6 The industry say the announcement of a prescription medicine must be followed by regular reminders and fresh information on its uses. 2002 Natural Health Jan.–Feb. 45/3 I went to an endocrinologist, who put me on the prescription medicine Tapazole. Derivatives preˈscriptionary adj. of or relating to prescription; prescriptive; †arising from prescription of time (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > customs, values, or beliefs of a society or group > [adjective] > viewed as authoritative prescriptionary1727 prescriptive1765 statutory1822 sanctified1888 1727 M. Earbery in tr. T. Burnet Of State of Dead I. iii. 80 We may safely, therefore, explode that old prescriptionary Maxim. 1866 Galaxy 1 Sept. 19 Is it not strange that such a man should accept the direction of the government avowedly as the leader of a coterie in whom the aristocratic, prescriptionary class alone put any atom of trust? 1988 in Jrnl. Socio-Econ. (1996) 22 June 189 An approach or method cannot be replicated in a fixed, prescriptionary sense. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † prescriptionn.2 Obsolete. = proscription n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > outlawry > [noun] > action of declaring an outlaw proscriptiona1387 outlawrya1400 prescription?a1450 horn1491 horning1536 proclamation1561 ?a1450 ( J. Lydgate Serpent of Division (McClean) (1911) 52 (MED) Pompey and þe Senat..foriugged Cesar gilti..& ȝafe vppon him a sentence diffynitife of exile and prescripcion for euermore. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 129 (MED) Grete treasones, destruccion of citesynnes, robbenge and prescriptiones [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. exilynge; L. proscriptiones] folowede. a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) iv. 2146 Than Silla made..A tabyll off prescryptyowne [Nero, Wemyss pro-]. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cclxxv The same outlawing or prescription is against the lawes. a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 181 Nothing was heard but Prescriptions, Banishments, Assasinations, Treasons. 1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. i. 36 The punishment of Baratry, is declared to be prescription, banishment, and never to bruik Honour, nor Office within the Kingdom. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < |
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