presentialadj.

Brit.

/ˌprɛˈzɛnʃl/,

/prɪˈzɛnʃəl/, U.S.

/ˌprɛˈzɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l/

Forms: late Middle English presenciall, 1500s–1600s presentiall, 1600s 1800s praesential, 1600s– presential.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin praesentialis.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin praesentialis present (9th cent.; frequently from 11th cent. in British sources; attested earlier (5th cent.) as a variant reading for praesentalis present (5th cent.)) < classical Latin praesentia presence n. + -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare Middle French presential (1512), Old Occitan presential (1420). Compare earlier presentially adv.

Now rare.

1. Of or relating to presence; having or implying actual presence with a person or in a place; present.In quot. 1831 (with reference to Cherokee grammar), constituting or relating to a form, morpheme, or category that designates a third person as present as opposed to absent (historical).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > presence > [adjective]

boundc1175

present1340

towarda1375

presentlya1425

assistant1485

presentiala1500

presentaneous1668

assisting1670

standing1788

on the spot1886

on-site1939

a1500 Craft of Dying (Rawl.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 420 (MED) Þou may see thi redemptour visage to visage, &, presenciall, assistynge to him schewiþe [read se wiþe] þine Ie I-blessid euerlastynge truþe openly.

1576 G. Pettie Petite Pallace 73 The mariage was consummated betweene the widdow and Amphiaraus, who liued quietly together about a yeere or two, shee shewinge a presentiall obedience towardes him, and hee bearinge an ordinary affection towardes her.

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Presential, presentiall, personall, in person.

1635 R. Brathwait Ess. Five Senses: Contin. v. 143 To see the presentiall countenance of God with the blessed and Elect.

1647 Bp. J. Taylor Θεολογία Ἐκλεκτική xiv. 204 By fiction of Law..the paines of Hell are made presentiall to him.

1724 R. Welton Substance Christian Faith 34 He has been pleased to exhibit to us a presential communication of Himself.

1780 T. Sheridan Gen. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) Presential, supposing actual presence.

1831 Encycl. Americana VI. 597 The perfect or past tense [of Cherokee], however, has a very remarkable subdivision into two forms, which may, properly enough, be called two perfects... They might be denominated the absential and presential perfect.

1833 C. Lamb Barrenness Imaginative Faculty in Last Ess. Elia 179 What associating league to the imagination can there be between the seers, and the seers not, of a presential miracle?

2001 Library Trends (Nexis) 22 June 145 An illustration of the merging of the boundaries between distance education and presential (face-to-face) instruction is seen at Deakin University in Australia.., where portions of the instruction are presential and portions are available online.

†2. Having presence of mind; attentive to the matter in hand, alert; = present adj. 4. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > attention > [adjective]

carefulc1050

soignous1340

mindfula1382

tentivec1386

presentc1395

attendant1432

tendable?c1450

advicefulc1454

thoughtyc1480

neara1500

respective1525

heedful1548

heedy1548

prick-eared?1550

attendable1552

attentive1577

tentible1603

observative1609

unpreoccupied1643

advertent1646

presential1652

inspectivea1684

tent1789

attentful-

1652 I. Ambrose Media (ed. 2) xi. 291 One hath quickness of parts,..another is solid, but not so ready and presential.

1685 J. Flavell Πνευματολογια 280 Some men have voluble Tongues, and are much more ready and presential than others.

1815 C. Lamb Let. 28 Apr. in Lett. C. & M. A. Lamb (1978) III. 146 I lose all presential memory of what I had intended to say.

a. Grammar. Relating or having reference to the present tense.

ΚΠ

1898 W. M. Ramsay Was Christ born in Bethlehem? vi. 124 Here the presential tenses [ἀπογράϕεσθαι and ἐπορεύοντο] are necessitated by the sense; all persons, individually and severally, repaired to their proper cities for their respective enrolment.

1937 Language 13 270 We are unable to follow Sturtevant in his assumption (based on the occasional occurrence of -t prosoposemics with ostensible presential value), that ‘probably -ti was once a part of the undifferentiated middle tense’.

1983 G. Cardona in Word 1982 33 277 There is in early Indo-Aryan a presential type with a suffix no/nu which cannot be collapsed with the infixed presents.

†b. gen. Relating to present time. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the present (time) > [adjective]

present1340

nowa1393

presentary?a1425

unrun1474

modernc1485

hodiern?a1513

actual1525

modernal1542

instantc1550

this1582

immediate1605

current1608

nowadays1609

nowaday1632

hodiernal1656

living1659

running1659

daily1663

existent1676

existing1827

present-day1833

presential1878

today1908

1878 J. B. Mozley Ess. I. 232 The two worlds of futurity have a præsential existence, as imagery within the mind.

Derivatives

† presentialist n. Obsolete a believer in the Real Presence; see real presence n.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1656 R. Vines Treat. Inst. Lords-Supper iii. 50 As the Romish Præsentialists and Schoolmen dream.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	presential
释义	presentialadj. Brit. /ˌprɛˈzɛnʃl/, /prɪˈzɛnʃəl/, U.S. /ˌprɛˈzɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l/ Forms: late Middle English presenciall, 1500s–1600s presentiall, 1600s 1800s praesential, 1600s– presential. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin praesentialis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin praesentialis present (9th cent.; frequently from 11th cent. in British sources; attested earlier (5th cent.) as a variant reading for praesentalis present (5th cent.)) < classical Latin praesentia presence n. + -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare Middle French presential (1512), Old Occitan presential (1420). Compare earlier presentially adv. Now rare. 1. Of or relating to presence; having or implying actual presence with a person or in a place; present.In quot. 1831 (with reference to Cherokee grammar), constituting or relating to a form, morpheme, or category that designates a third person as present as opposed to absent (historical). ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > presence > [adjective] boundc1175 present1340 towarda1375 presentlya1425 assistant1485 presentiala1500 presentaneous1668 assisting1670 standing1788 on the spot1886 on-site1939 a1500 Craft of Dying (Rawl.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 420 (MED) Þou may see thi redemptour visage to visage, &, presenciall, assistynge to him schewiþe [read se wiþe] þine Ie I-blessid euerlastynge truþe openly. 1576 G. Pettie Petite Pallace 73 The mariage was consummated betweene the widdow and Amphiaraus, who liued quietly together about a yeere or two, shee shewinge a presentiall obedience towardes him, and hee bearinge an ordinary affection towardes her. 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Presential, presentiall, personall, in person. 1635 R. Brathwait Ess. Five Senses: Contin. v. 143 To see the presentiall countenance of God with the blessed and Elect. 1647 Bp. J. Taylor Θεολογία Ἐκλεκτική xiv. 204 By fiction of Law..the paines of Hell are made presentiall to him. 1724 R. Welton Substance Christian Faith 34 He has been pleased to exhibit to us a presential communication of Himself. 1780 T. Sheridan Gen. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) Presential, supposing actual presence. 1831 Encycl. Americana VI. 597 The perfect or past tense [of Cherokee], however, has a very remarkable subdivision into two forms, which may, properly enough, be called two perfects... They might be denominated the absential and presential perfect. 1833 C. Lamb Barrenness Imaginative Faculty in Last Ess. Elia 179 What associating league to the imagination can there be between the seers, and the seers not, of a presential miracle? 2001 Library Trends (Nexis) 22 June 145 An illustration of the merging of the boundaries between distance education and presential (face-to-face) instruction is seen at Deakin University in Australia.., where portions of the instruction are presential and portions are available online. †2. Having presence of mind; attentive to the matter in hand, alert; = present adj. 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > attention > [adjective] carefulc1050 soignous1340 mindfula1382 tentivec1386 presentc1395 attendant1432 tendable?c1450 advicefulc1454 thoughtyc1480 neara1500 respective1525 heedful1548 heedy1548 prick-eared?1550 attendable1552 attentive1577 tentible1603 observative1609 unpreoccupied1643 advertent1646 presential1652 inspectivea1684 tent1789 attentful- 1652 I. Ambrose Media (ed. 2) xi. 291 One hath quickness of parts,..another is solid, but not so ready and presential. 1685 J. Flavell Πνευματολογια 280 Some men have voluble Tongues, and are much more ready and presential than others. 1815 C. Lamb Let. 28 Apr. in Lett. C. & M. A. Lamb (1978) III. 146 I lose all presential memory of what I had intended to say. 3. a. Grammar. Relating or having reference to the present tense. ΚΠ 1898 W. M. Ramsay Was Christ born in Bethlehem? vi. 124 Here the presential tenses [ἀπογράϕεσθαι and ἐπορεύοντο] are necessitated by the sense; all persons, individually and severally, repaired to their proper cities for their respective enrolment. 1937 Language 13 270 We are unable to follow Sturtevant in his assumption (based on the occasional occurrence of -t prosoposemics with ostensible presential value), that ‘probably -ti was once a part of the undifferentiated middle tense’. 1983 G. Cardona in Word 1982 33 277 There is in early Indo-Aryan a presential type with a suffix no/nu which cannot be collapsed with the infixed presents. †b. gen. Relating to present time. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the present (time) > [adjective] present1340 nowa1393 presentary?a1425 unrun1474 modernc1485 hodiern?a1513 actual1525 modernal1542 instantc1550 this1582 immediate1605 current1608 nowadays1609 nowaday1632 hodiernal1656 living1659 running1659 daily1663 existent1676 existing1827 present-day1833 presential1878 today1908 1878 J. B. Mozley Ess. I. 232 The two worlds of futurity have a præsential existence, as imagery within the mind. Derivatives † presentialist n. Obsolete a believer in the Real Presence; see real presence n.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1656 R. Vines Treat. Inst. Lords-Supper iii. 50 As the Romish Præsentialists and Schoolmen dream. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.a1500
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