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单词 guard
释义

guardn.

Brit. /ɡɑːd/, U.S. /ɡɑrd/
Forms: Middle English–1600s garde, Middle English–1500s Scottish gaird(e, 1500s–1600s gard, guarde, 1500s– guard.
Etymology: < French garde, earlier also guarde (= Italian guarda , Spanish guarda ) < Romance *guarda , < Old Germanic *wardâ . Compare ward n.1, ward n.2
†1.
a. Keeping, guardianship, custody, ward. to take guard: to take care. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)]
hold971
yemeOE
biwitc1000
keepa1325
wait1362
tentc1400
attendc1420
to take guard1426
tend?1521
to have the care of1579
to have, take, give (the) charge of1611
mind1640
to have, take in charge1665
tutor1682
attend1796
shepherda1822
mother1851
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > keeping or custody
yemselc1175
witing?c1225
yeminga1325
depose1393
baila1400
wardenshipa1400
guard1426
awarda1450
custodyc1450
credence1526
safe custody1536
credit1537
warding1548
guarding1551
guardiance1560
guardance1591
guardagea1616
guardship1629
wardship1631
guardianship1646
guardiancy1864
wardenry1906
1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 8793 She is a tresourere Off konnyng & of sciencys, And off all Experyencys That be commyttyd to hyr garde.
c1440 Partonope 768 Of the contree he taketh grete garde.
1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 22/1 That we may walke as it were in the garde of our God, fearing nothing in the middest of all daungers.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 150 Anon I wot not, by what strong escape He broke from those that had the guard of him. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) v. ii. 66 For the Queene, Ile take her to my Guard . View more context for this quotation
1636 E. Dacres tr. N. Machiavel Disc. Livy I. 23 To which of these two more safely may be intrusted the Guard of liberty.
a1711 T. Ken Hymnarium 101 in Wks. (1721) II. O may the Angel to my Guard assign'd, Contract a sacred Friendship with my Mind.
†b. spec. in Law. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > parent > parenthood > [noun] > management of children
guard1607
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ii3/1 Gard..hath diuers applications..sometime to a writte touching wardshippe. Which writs are of three sorts: one called a right of guard or ward, in French, droit de gard.
1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 173 Gard is when an Infant whose Ancestour held by Knights Service is in the ward or keeping of the Lord of whom those lands were holden.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Gard or Guard..In a Law-sense Guardianship or Management of Children under Age or Idiots... Writ of Gard or Ward, a Writ relating to Guardianship or Wardship.
2. Protection, defence. Obsolete or archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun]
warec893
mundbyrdeOE
mundOE
forhillinga1300
hillinga1300
weringa1300
warranting1303
garrisonc1320
defencec1325
defendingc1350
protectionc1350
garnisonc1386
safe warda1398
warrantise?a1400
safeguard1421
safekeeping1425
defension?a1439
defendancec1450
warisonc1450
propugnation1575
guard1576
fortifying1580
debate1581
shielding1581
shrouda1586
patronage1590
shrouding1615
fortressing?1624
munification1653
fencinga1661
castleward1674
fending1771
safeguardance1897
1576 A. Fleming tr. Sulpicius in Panoplie Epist. 24 Al provinces and places of guard were shaken.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. ii. sig. Ddv Such was the glassy globe that Merlin made, And gaue vnto king Ryence for his gard, That neuer foes his kingdome might inuade.
1614 Bp. J. Hall Recoll. Treat. ii. 58 When I see so strong a guard of prouidence ouer him.
1637 J. Milton Comus 2 I was dispatcht for their defence, and guard.
1680 R. Morden Geogr. Rectified (1685) 204 Turin..a place very important for the Guard of Italy and fortified with a strong Citadell.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xvii. 45 The rivals who contended for the possession of the Roman world, had withdrawn the greatest part of their forces from the guard of the general frontier.
1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision III. viii. 88 Ask the guard of braver arms.
1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. viii. 357 The Raja marched from Nagpur on the 3rd of May, under the guard of one wing of the 22nd Bengal N.I.
3.
a. Swordsmanship, Boxing, etc. A posture of defence; hence, the weapons or arms in such a posture. at open guard: in a position which leaves the swordsman open to attack.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of play, actions, or postures > [noun] > postures
guard1601
stance1897
pike1928
tuck position1931
lay-back1948
tuck1951
tucked position1964
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > actions or positions
first bloodc1540
guard1601
feint1684
in holds1713
shifting1793
rally1805
muzzler1811
one-two1811
stop1812
southpaw1813
fibbing1814
leveller1814
mouther1814
ribber1814
stomacher1814
teller1814
in-fighting1816
muzzling1819
weaving1821
out-fighting1831
arm guard1832
countering1858
counter1861
clinching1863
prop1869
clinch1875
right and left1887
hook-hit1890
hook1898
cross1906
lead1906
jolt1908
swing1910
body shot1918
head shot1927
bolo punch1950
snap-back1950
counterpunch1957
counterpunching1957
Ali shuffle1966
rope-a-dope1975
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > fencing > [noun] > positions
in-stop14..
out-stopa1500
warda1586
guard1601
preem1603
unicorn guard1617
quarte1639
tierce1687
tierce guard1687
tierce parade1687
inside1692
carte1707
hanging guard1707
quinte1707
seconde1707
saccoon1708
prime1710
segoon1721
octave1771
supination1805
septime1861
sixte1885
sixth1885
corps à corps1910
1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor i. iii. sig. C4 Twine your bodie more about, that you may come to a more sweet comely gentlemanlike guard . View more context for this quotation
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. vii. 85 + 2 The Scrimures of their nation He swore had neither motion, guard, nor eye, If you opposd them.
1649 T. Fuller Just Mans Funeral 7 This makes them lie at an open guard, not fencing.
1655 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 1st Pt. 111 He is a weak fencer that layes his soule at open guard to be stabbed and wounded with guilt, while he is lifting up his hands to save a broken head.
1687 W. Hope Scots Fencing-master 4 A Guard is a posture which a Man putteth his body into for the better defending of himself from his Adversaries thrusts or blowes.
1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) The word guard is seldom applied among small swordsmen to any position but those of carte and tierce; the other motions of defence are stiled parades.
1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. at Broadsword The principal guards with the broad sword are: The inside guard (similar to carte in fencing)..The outside guard (resembling tierce)..The medium guard, which is a position between the inside and outside guard..The hanging guard (similar to prime and seconde)..The St. George's guard, which protects the head.
1833 Regulations Instr. Cavalry i. iv. 123 Sword Exercise... Inside Guard—with the ‘single attack,’ the Files engage on the ‘Inside Guard’..Outside Guard—Repeating the ‘single attack,’ change to the ‘outside Guard.’
1833 Regulations Instr. Cavalry 126 It is good practice to put them through the ‘Guards’ and ‘Points’.
1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. lvi. 112 Mr. Swiveller..performed the broad-sword exercise with all the cuts and guards complete.
1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 144 There are four chief guards to one or other of which the swordsman should constantly return after an interchange of blows, and these are known as Engaging Guards.
b. Cricket. The position in which the bat is held to defend the wicket; esp. in to give (also take) guard.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [noun] > positions
guard1843
middle1866
middle guard1871
centre1883
middle and leg1904
two-eyed stance1924
1843 ‘Wykhamist’ Pract. Hints Cricket 4 Let the player first obtain guard..for the middle stump.
1868 C. Box Theory & Pract. Cricket 111 To prevent any unfair confusion to the batsman by allowing such [delivery] as would throw him off his given guard.
1877 C. Box Eng. Game Cricket xxvi. 451 A batsman often applies to the umpire for guard, i.e. to know which stump or stumps his bat is defending.
4.
a. The condition or fact of guarding, protecting, or standing on the defensive; watch; esp. in to keep guard. Hence: the special service of watching performed by a soldier or sailor.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun]
holda1100
witiing13..
keepinga1425
ampare1587
guard1596
warding1633
advigilation1663
watch-care1845
wardening1962
watchdogging1962
society > armed hostility > military service > [noun] > military duty > type of duty
guard1596
picket duty1764
fatigue1776
light duty1810
fatigue-work1846
fatigue duty1856
stable1885
skirt duty1922
staff-work1923
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > watch or keep guard [verb (intransitive)]
to stand upon one's watch1535
sentinel1593
to lie (also stand, stay, etc.) perdu1607
to mount (the) guard1669
to keep guard1712
sentry1910
to watch a person's back1974
society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > naval service > [noun] > specific service at sea
sea-service1654
guard1726
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. x. sig. Hh7 When faire Pastorell Into this place was brought, and kept with gard Of griesly theeues. View more context for this quotation
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. i. 7 Bar. Haue you had quiet guard? Fran. Not a mouse stirring. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iii. v. 73 She is arm'd for him, and keepes her guard In honestest defence. View more context for this quotation
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 132 Which serueth..to keepe themselues more in Guard.
1640 tr. G. S. du Verdier Love & Armes Greeke Princes i. 104 They boorded the Pagans ship all three together, leaving their Squires in guard of their bark.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 412 Michael and his Angels..plac'd in Guard thir Watches round. View more context for this quotation
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Guard, or Gard,..in the Art of War the Duty performed by a Body of Men, to secure all with watchfulness against the Attempts or Surprizes of an Enemy.
1712 W. Rogers Cruising Voy. 249 The Inhabitants kept Guard on their Walls.
1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World vi. 190 One of the quarter deck guns..being mounted at our guard, was fir'd at sun set.
1833 H. Martineau Loom & Lugger i. v. 79 The eldest boy was directed to keep guard at the entrance of the closet.
1835 Hoyle's Games 336 [article Chess] Play your men in guard of one another, so that if any be taken, the enemy may also be captured by that which guarded yours.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. at Guard-ship The officer of the guard is accountable to the admiral for all transactions on the water during his guard.
1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta I. xxiv. 251 It was characteristic of Ethelberta's jealous motherly guard over her young sisters that [etc.].
†b. A post of observation. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > post or place of
stand1392
guardc1500
vigil1533
watching-place1847
watch room1850
watch-post1852
c1500 Melusine (1895) xxiv. 168–9 Thenne made the captayn fyre to be putte high vpon the garde for manere of token..soone after fyre was made fro garde to garde, that knowleche was therof thrugh all the royalme.
5.
a. on (also upon) one's guard, on guard (formerly also †upon one's or the guards, †upon a guard): in a position of defence, on the defensive; (a) with reference to fencing and sentry duty; hence (b) generally. to stand, (also be, lie) upon one's guard: to be watchful, cautious, or vigilant, to take care; so to put (alsoset) (a person) on (his) guard. Const. against, for. [Compare French sur ses gardes and en garde.]
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > [adverb] > on the defensive
on (also upon) one's guard1574
on guard1809
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > vigilant or on one's guard [phrase]
on warec893
on (also upon) one's guard1574
on (at, of, upon) one's keeping1590
on, upon (the) watch1719
on (also upon) the qui vive1726
on the alert1795
on one's toes1921
1574 St. Avstens Manuell in Certaine Prayers S. Augustines Medit. sig. Piiij I will..stand vpon my gard, and with waking eyes will I sing in my hart.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 326 'Tis best we stand vpon our guard. View more context for this quotation
1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia sig. Cv Sussex was thought much the honester man, and far the better Souldier, but he lay too open on his guard.
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 322 Both or one of them were ever upon the guard to keep out that which was without.
1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre i. 23 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian He sent direction..if they heard that the Enemie was entred at any other part, not to succour, but to continue upon their guards.
1683 D. A. Whole Art Converse 108 In Disputes relating to Religion be upon your Guards.
1692 R. L'Estrange Fables cccxx.280 It is Wisdom to keep our Selves upon a Guard.
1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite ii, in Fables 28 For this the Wise are ever on their Guard.
1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome 327 The Intelligence..set him upon his Guard.
1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xv. 479 The Soldiers, which were upon the Guards in some out-Forts.
1712 A. Pope in Spectator No. 408. In like Manner should the Reason be perpetually on its Guard against the Passions.
1809 J. Roland Amateur of Fencing 1 On the Position of the Body for being on Guard.
1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation Introd. 11 We must be on our guard against the abuse of this doctrine.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 67 No one can be on his guard against that of which he has no experience.
1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. liii. 341 Every sensible man feels in himself the struggle between these two tendencies, and is on his guard not to yield wholly to either.
b. to stand to one's guard: to put oneself on guard; to be ready to defend oneself. Now rare and archaic.
ΚΠ
1594 in Cal. State Papers Scotl. (1936) (modernized text) XI. 322 Lest they, taking apprehension, be driven to stand to their guard for their own defence, which may be a colour to other purposes and a disorder to the King's affairs.
1630 T. Johnston Christs Watch-word 216 As a Commander chargeth all under his government to watch, and stand to their guard, under the paine of losing their life honour and all.
1727 W. Gordon Hist. Family Gordon II. 306 These Regiments having Notice of his Approach, stood to their Guard, and made ready to receive him.
1889 Boy's Own Paper 18 May 516/1 So we stood to our guard, as we had stood all day long.
1981 P. R. Newman Battle of Marston Moor, 1644 81 They had been beaten from ground they needed and had then been obliged to stand to their guard all day.
c. off one's guard: in or into a defenceless condition or a condition in which one is easily surprised by an attack.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > incautiousness > off one's guard [phrase]
out of (one's) guarda1616
off one's guard1683
asleep at the switch1898
1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee Duke of Guise i. i. 7 Or at the Court among my Enemies, To be as I am here quite off my Guard, Would make me such another thing as Grillon.
1692 R. L'Estrange Fables ccxxxv. 205 Temerity puts a Man off his Guard.
1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II II. xviii. 141 They had not been put entirely off their guard.
1856 C. Reade It is never too Late I. ii. 51 Isaac Levi caught both faces off their guard.
1885 Law Rep.: Chancery Div. 29 797 The agent throws me off my guard..and I therefore do not employ an independent valuer.
†d. out of (one's) guard = off one's guard at sense 5c. [Compare French hors de garde.] Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > incautiousness > off one's guard [phrase]
out of (one's) guarda1616
off one's guard1683
asleep at the switch1898
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. v. 82 Looke you now, he's out of his gard already: vnles you laugh and minister occasion to him, he is gag'd. View more context for this quotation
1685 J. Dryden Threnodia Augustalis i. 2 The Thunder-clap..took us unprepar'd and out of guard.
6. †(a) Caution, precaution (obsolete); (b) (with plural) a precaution (now rare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [noun]
wareness971
warelinessc1000
warningc1000
beseeing1340
cautel1531
warefulness1548
wariness1552
chariness1571
circumspectness1581
circumspection1598
warisomeness1607
guard1609
cautionateness1619
cautelousnessa1624
cautiona1639
cautiousness1649
guardedness1807
cacannyness1917
pussy-footedness1917
pussyfooting1956
leeriness1961
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > [noun] > precaution
provention1548
premunitiona1592
wariment1596
precaution1599
prevention1600
guard1609
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > [noun] > precaution > a precaution
cautel1541
caveata1599
prevention1600
precaution1603
guard1609
cautiona1616
precautionary1748
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > [noun] > precaution > a precaution > precautions
guard1609
1609 W. Shakespeare Louers Complaint in Sonnets sig. L2 There my white stole of chastity I daft, Shooke off my sober gardes, and ciuill feares.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 203 Vse them iustly, and gratiously, with sufficient Guard neuerthelesse.
1707 F. Atterbury Large Vindic. Doctr. Funeral Serm. T. Bennet 28 Where..they have express'd themselves with (at least) as few Guards and Restrictions as I have done.
1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxxi. 194 For the poor Gentleman has no Guard, no Caution at all.
1769 E. Burke Observ. Late State Nation 75 On what other idea are all our prohibitions, regulations, guards, penalties, and forfeitures, framed?
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 38 All this guard..serves to shew the spirit of caution which predominated in the national councils.
1875 E. H. Sears Serm. & Songs 7 The guards, the warnings, the denunciations interposed throughout the old Bible.
7.
a. One who keeps, protects, or defends; a protector, defender; spec. one of a guard (sense 9), a sentry, sentinel; a warder in a prison or other place of detention (chiefly U.S.). Also with preceding noun denoting the object defended, as coastguard n., telegraph guard, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > protector or defender
shield971
warranta1225
warden?c1225
forhillera1300
inshieldera1300
shieldera1300
weryera1325
hilera1340
witier1340
protectorc1390
guard1412
safeguardera1535
fencec1540
safekeeper1561
parens patriae1764
guardsmana1854
fortifier1878
minder1896
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier with special duty > [noun] > guard
guard1412
presidiary1623
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > [noun] > guard of place of confinement
wardenc1330
cell-keeper1841
guard1906
1412 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 389 Ilke man duelland in the burgh..sal stand gaird, and [etc.].
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. vii. 138 The gardes and kepars of cytees ben signefied by the .vii. pawn whiche stondeth in the lyfte side to fore the knyght.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 259 b/1 Saynt Iohan euangelist..as kepar and garde of so noble vyrgyn.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iii. sig. C7v Her faithfull gard remou'd, her hope dismaid, Her selfe a yielded pray to saue or spill.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iv. 104 He is to..consult..with them touching the placing of the gards and Sentinels.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iv. v. 128 Though the great bulke Achilles be thy guard . View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. iii. 106 Fight till the last gaspe: Ile be your guard . View more context for this quotation
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 660 Such as endeavoured to make their escape, and were seized, (for guards and secret agents were spread along the whole roads and frontier of France).
1780 W. Cowper Table Talk 135 Guards, mechanically formed in ranks, Playing, at beat of drum, their martial pranks.
1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci v. ii. 84 Guards, there, Lead forth the prisoners!
1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. xxv. 253 Thy cries will wake the guards, and they will seize thee!
1889 in Cent. Dict.
1906 J. London White Fang v. v. 316 During Jim Hall's third term in prison..he encountered a guard that was almost as great a beast as he.
1936 S.P.E. Tract (Soc. for Pure Eng.) No. XLV. 190 Why has American practice decided in favour of..guard rather than warder?
1952 Manch. Guardian Weekly 15 May 4 The guard knew they would do it and retreated.
1968 Times 11 Mar. 4/2 There were rumours that some of the men had threatened to decapitate a guard every 40 minutes.
b. The man who has the general charge and control of a stage coach or a railway train. Originally an armed man charged with the duty of protecting a mail-coach against robbery; hence the designation.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > [noun] > public transport employees > specific stagecoach employees
stage-coachman1756
guard1788
mayoral1834
station agent1840
society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > train-staff > brakesman or guard
brakesman1833
guard1842
rear guard1845
train guard1845
shack1899
provodnik1927
pinhead1931
1788 Gentleman's Mag. 58 i. 558 A King's officer..stopped the mail-coach from Dover, and demanded of the guard the key of the trunk on which he sat.
1790 Act 30 Geo. III c. 36 §5 If any Person..travelling as a Guard to any Stage Coach..shall fire off the Arms he is entrusted with..otherwise than for the Defence of such Coach [he shall be fined 20s.].
1792 T. Pennant Let. to M.P. 16 These guards shoot at dogs, hogs, sheep, and poultry, as they pass the road..to the great terror and danger of the inhabitants.
1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 280/2 [Coach] The guard is the servant of the Post-office.
1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes I. iv. 147 The conductor or check-taker, or guard..wears no uniform.
1863 G. Meredith Let. 27 Apr. (1970) I. 200 On Tuesday next, my little recovered rosy man will journey down, alone, by that train... The Guard will be bribed to keep eye on him.
1864 Law Times Rep. 10 719/2 A guard in the employ of the railway company.
1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant I. iv. 141 Another guard came up the platform.
1893 F. Peel Spen Valley 277 In the winter [c1820] the guard carried a blunderbuss for protection in a box near him.
c. Freemasonry. (See quots.) Cf. guardian n. 1d.
ΚΠ
a1843 R. Carlile Man. Freemasonry (1845) i. 1 The next in order to the Master is the Senior Warden, then the Junior Warden, Senior Deacon, and Junior Deacon; lastly an Inner Guard and Tylers, or Door Keepers, the one inside, the other out.
1870 Text-bk. Freemasonry Introd. 7 The Inner Guard..and Tyler act as doorkeepers, the first-named acts as inside, and the last outside, armed with a drawn sword.
d. American Football. Either of the two players (called the right guard and left guard respectively) that are stationed one on each side of the ‘centre-rush’. Also in Basketball: either of the two players who are chiefly responsible for the marking of opposing forwards.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > basketball > [noun] > types of player
centre1893
guard1897
ball-handler1912
rebound man1922
rebounder1926
dunker1942
point1960
point guard1969
role-player1977
tweener1978
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > [noun] > types of player
side tackle1809
nose guard1852
rusher1877
goalkicker1879
quarterback1879
runner1880
quarter1883
full back1884
left guard1884
snap-back1887
snapper-back1887
running back1891
tackle1891
defensive end1897
guard1897
interferer1897
receiver1897
defensive back1898
defensive tackle1900
safety man1901
ball carrier1902
defensive lineman1902
homebrew1903
offensive lineman1905
lineman1907
returner1911
signal caller1915
rover1916
interference1920
punt returner1926
pass rusher1928
tailback1930
safety1931
blocker1935
faker1938
scatback1946
linesman1947
flanker1953
platoon player1953
corner-back1955
pulling guard1955
split end1955
return man1957
slot-back1959
strong safety1959
wide receiver1960
line-backer1961
pocket passer1963
tight end1963
run blocker1967
wideout1967
blitzer1968
1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 426 To the immediate right of the snap-back is the ‘right-guard’..The ‘left-guard’, ‘left-tackle’, and ‘left-end’ complete the line on the other side.
1905 Official Basket Ball Rules 30 The position of the guard is the most difficult and unsatisfactory place in the team... He is expected to prevent his opponent from throwing a goal, and that without making a foul himself.
1929 Encycl. Brit. III. 182/2 The players are divided into three groups, forwards, centres and guards.
1961 J. S. Salak Dict. Amer. Sports 207 Guard, a defensive player in basketball and football.
e. U.S. (See quot. 1836.)
ΚΠ
1836 Knickerbocker Mag. 8 689 I have frequently seen horses come running..to seek the spots frequented by the ‘guards’—a species of hornet, which catches the flies and protects beasts of all kinds from pain.
8. plural. (Frequently with capital initial.) The household troops of the English army, consisting of the footguard n., the horse guards (horse guard n.), and the Life Guards at lifeguard n. 1. Also applied, by extension, to the (originally seven) regiments of heavy cavalry known as the Dragoon Guards (as distinguished from the Dragoons).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > branch of army > [noun] > guards
watchc1380
guards1682
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > unit of army > named companies, regiments, etc. > [noun] > British
Ulsters1649
Scots Guardsa1675
fusilier1680
guards1682
Scots Dragoons1689
Scots Fusiliers1689
Inniskilling1715
Scots Greys1728
blue1737
Black Watch1739
Oxford blues1766
green linnets1793
Grenadiers1800
slashers1802
the Buffs1806
tartan1817
Gay Gordons1823
cheesemongers1824
Green Jacket1824
The Bays1837
RHA1837
dirty half-hundred1841
die-hard1844
lifeguard1849
cherry-picker1865
lancer-regiment1868
cheeses1877
Territorial Regiment1877
the Sweeps1879
dirty shirts1887
Scottish Rifles1888
shiner1891
Yorkshire1898
imperials1899
Irish guards1902
Hampshires1904
BEF1914
Old Contemptibles1915
contemptibles1917
Tank Corps1917
the Tins1918
skins1928
pioneer corps1939
red devils1943
Blues and Royals1968
U.D.R.1969
1661 in Sir S. D. Scott Brit. Army (1880) 82 His Majestys Regiment of Horse Guards under the command of..Aubrey Earl of Oxford, was mustered this day [16 Febr.] in Tuthill Fields.
1675 H. Neville tr. N. Machiavelli State France in Wks. 260 His German Foot-Guards consisted formerly of three hundred men.]
1682 J. Dryden in T. Southerne Loyal Brother Prol. sig. A3 The Critick all our troops of friends discards; Just so the Whigg wou'd fain pull down the Guards.
1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xv. 475 The King [in 1656]..resolv'd to raise one Regiment of Guards, the Command whereof he gave to the Lord Wentworth.
1708 London Gaz. No. 4421/7 He..was seen in Fleet-street with the Guards.
1806 T. S. Surr Winter in London I. ii. 18 An ensign in the guards.
1831 J. Jekyll Let. 27 Jan. in Corr. (1894) 266 Old parson Cholmondely, then in the Guards, ran away at the battle of Dettingen.
1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea II. xvi. 351 The brigade of Guards will be destroyed; ought it not to fall back?
9.
a. A body of persons, esp. soldiers (†also occasionally ships) engaged to preserve a person or place from injury or attack, to act as an escort, or keep watch over prisoners: with reference to military sentry duty, frequently in to mount (also relieve) (†the) guard. (See also advance guard n., bodyguard n., grand guard n. 2, main guard, rear guard n.2, etc., and cf. corps de garde n., garde-du-corps n.) guard of honour: a body of soldiers, sailors, policemen, etc. appointed to receive a royal or other person of distinction and to attend at state ceremonials. Yeomen of the Guard: see yeoman n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > for guard duty
guarda1513
counterguard1523
stand watch1525
presidy1529
body of guard1579
court of guarda1592
perdu1622
sentry1705
field-watch1797
watch-post1852
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > body of
wardc1000
watchc1380
guarda1513
scout-watch1523
satellitium1616
vigilance1667
wait1704
picket1847
honour guard1851
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. lxxxi. f. xxxiv [He] founde to haue aboute the kynges parsone an hondreth Pictes or after some Scottes the whiche he ordeyned for a Garde for the kynges parsone.
1532 in J. Fortescue Difference Absolute & Limited Monarchy (1714) vi. 43 The secund Ordynarye charge, is the payment of the Wags and Fees of the Kyngs grete Officers, his Courts, his Counceil, his Garde, and other Servaunts.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 118 Quhair ȝoung Constans that tyme faucht with his gaird, He brocht with him out of Armorica.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 389 The king reteyned vnto him a gard of Archers of Chesshire.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 36 King Chairlis vi..elected an(e) band of Scotis horsemen; quhilke commounlie was calit the Scotis gaird of armes.
1611 Bible (King James) 2 Kings xxv. 20 Nebuzaradan captaine of the guard tooke these, and brought them to the king of Babylon. View more context for this quotation
1650 in E. Nicholas Papers (1886) I. 183 There was a Guard of 100 Souldiers sett to keepe all manner of persons whatsoever from coming to speake wth his Lop.
1671 J. Crowne Juliana iv. 44 The Beef-eaters o' the Guard.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 258 These Sangrack Beys mount the Guard by turns.
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Bbv/3 To come off from the Gard, descendre la Garde.
1691 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 294 Our fleet for the winter guard is to consist of 33 men of war.
1700 S. L. tr. C. Schweitzer Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 248 Two Dutch Soldiers that had absented themselves from the Guard two days, ran the Gauntlet.
1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. vi. 178 Vivaldi perceived that the guard was changed.
1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) As soon as they have taken post, fronting their respective guards, the word of command will be given—‘Officers and non-commissioned officers—to your guards—March! Halt! Front!’ ‘Officers and non-commissioned officers, inspect your guards!’
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge lxiii. 368 Lord George Gordon..was taken..to the Tower, under the strongest guard ever known to enter its gates.
1884 Instr. Mil. Engin. (ed. 3) I. ii. 15 The guard of the trenches is divided into two bodies—1. The main body. 2. The reserve.
1887 Spectator 13 Aug. 1097 A company of this regiment was guard of honour to the Empress Eugenie.
b. transferred and figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > protector or patron > body of
guard1548
1548 P. Nicolls Godly Newe Story sig. Evv Some ther be that perceiue the pope & hys gard to haue ledd vs blyndly thys many yeres into a shamful confusyon of our faith.
1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Dv But (Lorde) what..inconueniences..woulde not commenly happen..were not now with flaterie now with daliance.. (all of my garde [L. satellitium] I warrant you) boeth propped up and nourished.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 764 As if they had beene the infernall guard, comming with Cerberus to welcome Proserpina to her Palace.
1834 J. Brown Lett. Sanctification v. 289 A powerful though unseen guard of angels continually surrounds him.
1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) vii. 64 The perseverance with which she walked out of Princess's Place to fetch this baby and its nurse, and walked back with them, and walked home with them again, and continually mounted guard over them.
1850 H. Melville White-jacket iii. 15 Hearty old members of the Old Guard; grim sea grenadiers.
1852 J. A. Quitman Let. 20 Feb. in J. F. H. Claiborne Life of Quitman (1860) II. xvii. 164 What shall we of the strict state-rights school, what shall the ‘Old Guard’ do?
1894 A. Forbes in Daily News 27 Nov. 6/5 Gradually are thinning the ranks of the ‘Old Guard’ of war correspondents.
1902 A. Bennett Anna of Five Towns ii. 28 Tellwright belonged by birth to the Old Guard of Methodism; there was in his family a tradition of holy valour for the pure doctrine.
1954 N. Coward Future Indefinite iv. 183 The old guard however..sang some of the vintage Maori songs.
1965 N. Gulbenkian Pantaraxia viii. 151 I am a member of the Old Guard. ‘Leave my gloves?.. Not on your life! I was sent home [from court] twenty-five years ago for not having them.’
1968 Listener 25 July 102/1 There is..another reason for the angry panic among the Old Guard in Warsaw.
†c. body of guard n. = corps de garde n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] > for guard duty
guarda1513
counterguard1523
stand watch1525
presidy1529
body of guard1579
court of guarda1592
perdu1622
sentry1705
field-watch1797
watch-post1852
1579 L. Digges & T. Digges Stratioticos 91 These little bodies of gard or watch.
10.
a. Something which guards, defends, or protects; a protection, defence. literal and figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence
hornc825
shieldc1200
warranta1272
bergha1325
armour1340
hedge1340
defencec1350
bucklerc1380
protectiona1382
safety1399
targea1400
suretyc1405
wall1412
pavise?a1439
fencec1440
safeguard?c1500
pale?a1525
waretack1542
muniment1546
shrouda1561
bulwark1577
countermure1581
ward1582
prevention1584
armourya1586
fortificationa1586
securitya1586
penthouse1589
palladium1600
guard1609
subtectacle1609
tutament1609
umbrella1609
bastion1615
screena1616
amulet1621
alexikakon1635
breastwork1643
security1643
protectionary1653
sepiment1660
back1680
shadower1691
aegis1760
inoculation1761
buoya1770
propugnaculum1773
panoply1789
armament1793
fascine1793
protective1827
beaver1838
face shield1842
vaccine1861
zariba1885
wolf-platform1906
firebreak1959
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. ii. 54 There is betweene my will and all offences A guard of patience. View more context for this quotation
1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles viii. 15 Though this King were great, His greatnesse was no gard to barre heauens shaft. View more context for this quotation
1691 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. 310 We need no other Guard..against Sin..than these Three Words well considered, God is Present.
1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur vi. 174 Their Hands, a woven Guard of Osier saves, In which they fix their Hazel Weapon's End.
1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. iv. xii. 221 Feathers are..to Birds..not only a good guard against Wet and Cold..but also most commodious for their Flight.
1733 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 152 Reason is here no Guide, but still a Guard.
1756 E. Burke Vindic. Nat. Society 57 The nicest and best studied Behaviour was not a sufficient Guard for a Man of great Capacity.
1780 W. Cowper Table Talk 66 Keep Vice restrained behind a double guard.
1821 J. Baillie W. Wallace in Metrical Legends lxxxi. 11 The dark brown water..lashed the margin's flinty guard.
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 568 It is..necessary to watch its [sc. squill's] effects upon the kidneys and intestinal canal, and to attemper it with opium or some other guard.
1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xi. 189 Every one who has tasted the delight of friendship, will respect every social guard which our manners can establish..to secure from the intrusion of..distasteful people.
b. spec. in Cards. (See quots.)
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [noun] > cards of specific value in game
sequent1620
lead1742
maker1753
stop1808
strong card1839
king card1850
brisque1870
honour card1876
penultimate1876
guard1885
thirteener1891
wild card1940
1885 R. A. Proctor How to play Whist 241 A third best card generally requires two guards.
1932 H. Phillips Week-end Probl. Bk. 299 He will lead through South's guard in Hearts.
1936 E. Culbertson Contract Bridge Compl. xxxviii. 423 A card which accompanies a higher card of the same suit is called a guard.
1960 Times 7 Dec. 16/7 I was sure that my little partner had a guard in the suit.
11.
a. An ornamental border or trimming on a garment. Obsolete exc. Historical or archaic.The original notion may have been that of a binding to keep the edge of the cloth from fraying.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > trimmings or ornamentation > border or edging
purflec1400
edge1502
welt1506
welting1508
pink1512
guard1535
piccadill1607
love1613
edging1664
cheval de frise1753
fly-fringe1860
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Num. xv. D Speake to the children of Israel, & saye vnto them, yt they make them gardes vpon ye quarters of their garmentes [childrē & thē (them) in text].
?c1562 Maner of World 9 So many gardes worne Jagged and al to torne..Sawe I neuer.
1581 Compendious Exam. Certayne Ordinary Complaints ii. f. 34 When our gentlemen went simply, and our Seruingmen plainely, without cuts or gards bearing theyr heauy Swordes and Buckelers on their thighes in sted of cuts and gardes and light daunsing Swordes.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 459 A Senatour was distinguisht from the Gentlemen..by his coat embrodered with broad gards and studs of purple.
1603 Constit. & Canons Eccl. lxxiv Priests' Cloaks, without gards, welts, long Buttons, or cuts.
1610 Histrio-mastix iii. 248 Out on these velvet gards, and black-lac'd sleeves.
1631 E. Jorden Disc. Nat. Bathes (1669) Ded. 4 A plain sute of our Country Cloath, without welt or gard.
1637 I. Jones & W. Davenant Britannia Triumphans in Dramatic Wks. (1872) II. 267 A young man in a rich habit down to his knees with a large guard of purple about the skirt.
1707 J. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 22) iii. iii. 275 He [a Baron] hath two Guards or Doublings on his Mantle.
1766 M. A. Porny Elem. Heraldry Gloss. (1777) Guard, term used by some Heralds to signify the Doubling of the Mantle of the Nobility.
b. figurative. Chiefly in phrase without welt or gard.
ΚΠ
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. I2 Who reades Plutarchs eyther historie or philosophy, shall finde, hee trymmeth..theyr garments, with gards of Poesie.
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. Bv A plaine alehouse without welt or gard of anie Iuibush.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 55 O Rimes are gardes on wanton Cupids hose.
1641 Bp. J. Hall Short Answer Vindic. Smectymnuus 95 The words are plaine, without either welt, or gard.
1660 T. Fuller Mixt Contempl. i. xxxiii. 54 I am a Protestant, without wealt [mod. ed. wealth] , or gard.
1692 R. Steele in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1870) I. (Ps. xviii. 25) 295 Jacob was a plain man without welt or gard.
†c. transferred. A stripe, band of colour. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > variegation > stripiness > [noun] > stripe
rayc1330
strake1398
list1496
spraing1513
vein1539
guard1579
stripe1626
striping1677
strip1789
wale1891
1579 T. Stevens Let. 10 Nov. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) i. 161 These [Tuberones] haue waiting on them 6. or 7. smal fishes..with gardes blew and greene round about their bodies, like comely seruing men.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage vi. i. 466 The Zebra..resembling a horse..all ouer-laide with partie coloured Laces, and guards, from head to Taile.
†12. Astronomy. plural. The two stars of the constellation of the Lesser Bear known astronomically as Beta and Gamma respectively; also guards of the pole. Applied also to the two ‘pointers’ of the Great Bear. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > constellation > Northern constellations > [noun] > Ursa Major > pointers
pointers1567
guard1574
watcher1588
the world > the universe > constellation > Northern constellations > [noun] > Ursa Minor > guardian(s)
guardian1555
warden1555
guard1574
watcher1588
watch-star1588
guard-star1690
1574 W. Bourne Regim. for Sea (1577) 34 You may knowe it by..the Starres rounde about the Pole, as Charles Wayne and the Guardes.
1594 T. Blundeville Exercises vii. f. 304v All these instruments serue to little purpose, vnlesse you know also the North star with his guards.
1594 T. Blundeville Exercises vii. xxvi. f. 323v The two guardes or pointers of Charles Waine.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 15 The winde shak'd surge, with high and monstrous mayne, Seemes to cast water, on the burning Beare, And quench the guards of th'euer fired pole.
1674 J. Moxon Tutor to Astron. & Geogr. (ed. 3) 209 The two stars that are in the shoulders of the Bear, are called the Guards,..because they are diligently to be looked unto, in regard of the their singular use which they have in Navigation.
1783 R. Turner View of Heavens (1798) 56 The two foremost of the square lie almost in a right line with the Pole-star, and are called the Guards or Pointers.
1819 T. Whiting Syst. Astron. (1828) 28 Guards, a name that has been sometimes applied to the two stars nearest the North Pole.
†13. The amnion or ‘caul’. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > membranes, etc., of embryo or fetus > [noun] > membranes enclosing
houve1530
kell1530
cotyledon1540
chorion1545
coif1545
hoop-caul1545
shirt1545
caul1547
sillyhow1574
biggin1611
guard1611
allantoides1615
allantois1615
allantoid1633
amnios1657
amnion1667
heam1681
vitta1693
indusium1706
silly-hood1836
1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Guardia,..also the gard that infoulds a child in the mothers wombe.
†14. Hunting. (See quot.) [French gardes.] Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > family Cervidae (deer) > [noun] > body or parts of > foot or claw
gard1575
guard1575
slot1876
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > [noun] > group Suiformes (hippos and pigs) > family Suidae (swine) > sus scrofa (wild boar and descendants) > wild boar > parts of
bristlec1314
gard1575
hure1844
guard1849
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lii. 154 The gardes (which are his hinder clawes or dewclawes) should be great and open one from another.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vii. xxvii. 853 The..wrinkles which are betwixt his gardes and the heele.
1849 W. H. Ainsworth Lancashire Witches iii. viii [Of a boar.] The toes being round and thick..and the guards, or dew-claws, great and open.
15. Curling. (See quot. 1878.)
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > curling > [noun] > stone as played
hog1808
forehand stone1825
ringer1825
guard1830
pot-lid1853
rider1891
1830 J. McDiarmid Sketches from Nature ii. 252 Each man is warned by his respective friends to plant, if possible, an excellent guard—dislodge this stone, and cover that [etc.].
1878 ‘Capt. Crawley’ Football, Golf & Shinty 127 (Curling) A stone is said to guard when it lies in a line between the player and the tee, with another stone belonging to the same side within it; a guard may also lie on any other part of the ice beyond the hog-score, on a similar principle.
1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 264 Guard, (1) a stone that lies in a direct line before another.
16. A contrivance of metal, wood, or other material, made for the protection of an object from injury, to prevent accidents by falling, etc.; originally in many cases used with a prefixed word indicating the position or nature of the protecting contrivance, e.g. fireguard n., trigger-guard n., etc.
a. gen. (In several instances a defining word is more usually found prefixed, as leg-guard, mudguard, step-guard, watch-guard, etc.)
ΚΠ
1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 107 The two principal doors have their grated guards.
1827 H. Steuart Planter's Guide (1828) 310 The Guards generally in use for protecting Trees, are well known; hurdles and cordage of different kinds; three-cornered, four-cornered, and circular palings, and the like.
?1865 Z. Colburn in Z. Colburn et al. Locomotive Engin. (1871) v. 133/2 The axle boxes of the driving axle are guided vertically by suitable guides, or axle guards.
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Guard..6. (Fire-arms)..b. A safety-lock of a fowling-piece to prevent the accidental dropping of the hammer. c. A nipple-shield to protect the little tube which receives the percussion-cap. 7. A bow or wire around a lantern to protect the glass.
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 428/1 Guard, a fence, fender, screen, canopy, etc., as the case may be:—A dash-board, or step-guard in cars. A grating to a window to preserve it from blows.
1884 Internat. Health Exhib. Official Catal. 128/1 Model of Safety Drum Guard.
1884 Internat. Health Exhib. Official Catal. 131/1 Hygrometer..of lever action bearing on five horsehair lines, which are exposed to atmospheric influences through guards of spiral wire.
1900 Daily News 19 Feb. 6/3 The starboard propeller guard of the Bat is smashed off.
b. The part of the hilt of a sword that protects the hand, often of curious workmanship or elaborate design.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > sword > [noun] > guard
cross1470
guard1596
ward1634
shell1685
bow1701
basket1833
cross-guard1869
cross-piece1869
hilt-guard1869
second guard1869
tsuba1889
knuckle-bow1895
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 123 A singular sword with scheith and gairdis of gold, sett in precious stanes.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 16 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors A kind of broad sword, whereof the hilt is very large, but without any guard.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant iii. 43 The Guard is very plain; commonly no more but a handle of Iron, with a cross Bar of the same underneath the Pummel..that the Sword may not slip out of their Hands.
1728 P. Walker Life A. Peden (1827) Pref. 33 What Handles the Swords had whether small or Three barred, or Highland-guards.
1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul ii. ix. 271 The sword is of the Persian form... The hilt resembles our own, except that it has no guard for the fingers.
1856 G. J. Whyte-Melville Kate Coventry (1882) 23/1 The silver-mounted guard of a rapier.
1898 Cent. Mag. Jan. 392/1 The guard [of the sword] was a coiled serpent of exquisite workmanship.
c. (See quot. 1892)
ΚΠ
1892 P. L. Simmonds Commerc. Dict. Trade Products (rev. ed.) Suppl. Guards, protections to a book.
d. A piece of metal designed for the protection of the trigger of a gun.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > trigger > trigger-guard
guard1688
trigger-guard1859
bow1881
shield-guard1892
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Bbv/3 The gard of a Gun, Sougarde de Fusil.
1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea I. xxxvi. 241 This accident was occasioned by one of my servants..touching the trigger, which in very few Persian muskets has any guard.
1874 Rifle Exercises & Musketry Instructions 40 Seize the guard with the forefinger and thumb of the right hand..the remaining fingers under the hammer.
e. In plural. The wards of a lock.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence > device or contrivance to protect a thing or person
guard1678
fender1739
safeguard1780
velum1781
protector1839
firewall1907
baffle1913
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ii. 21 There are several Inventions in Locks, I mean in the making and contriving their Wards or Guards.
1878 Technol. Dict., Eng.-Ger.-Fr. (ed. 3) Guards, wards of a lock.
f. = fireguard n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > devices for heating buildings, rooms, etc. > hearth or fireplace > fender or fire-guard
fender1688
fireguard1785
firewire1805
guard1845
fire screen1849
1845 T. De Quincey Suspiria de Profundis in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 279/1 As my three sisters with myself sate by the firelight round the guard of our nursery.
g. Archery. = bracer n.2
ΚΠ
1853 ‘C. Bede’ Adventures Mr. Verdant Green xi. 99 A fancy-wood bow, with arrows, belt, quiver, guard, tips, tassels, and grease-pot.
1860 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. II. xiv. 267 ‘You must string my bow,’ she said, handing it to him as she buckled on her guard.
h. Railways. An iron placed in front of a locomotive engine to catch and remove obstacles; (U.S.) a cow-catcher.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > cow-catcher
cow-catcher1838
guard1838
pilot1846
cow-remover1848
lifeguard1864
obstruction guard1898
1838 D. Stevenson Civil Engin. N. Amer. 260 To..render railway travelling more safe, an apparatus called a ‘guard’ has been very generally introduced.
1866 Morning Star 16 Mar. 6/1 The number-taker..saw the body of a man impaled on the iron guards in front of the engine.
1897 Westm. Gaz. 20 May 9/3 Death was due to fracture of the skull, the guard of the engine having struck the man's head.
i. (See quot. 1842.)
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1840 H. S. Tanner Canals & Rail Roads U.S. 111 High water guard 5 to 6 feet. Working guard 3 to 4 feet.
1842 G. W. Francis Dict. Arts Guards, in engineering, upright pieces of wood, iron, or stone, fastened to the lock gates of a canal, the corners of a street, and similar situations, to prevent the passage of barges in the one place, and waggons in the other, from injuring the parts flush with, or near to the guard.
j. A lateral extension of the deck of a steamboat beyond the lines of the hull so as to overhang the water.
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1829 T. Flint George Mason 140 Madam Mason was.. sitting on the guards of the boat.
1850 C. Lyell 2nd Visit U.S. (ed. 2) II. 47 The other [door] leads out to the guard, as they call it, a long balcony or gallery, covered with a shade or verandah, which passes round the whole boat.
1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. Guards of a steam-boat, a widening of the deck by a frame-work of strong timbers, which curve out on each side to the paddle-wheels, and protect them and the shaft against collisions with wharfs and other boats.
1897 Daily News 28 Sept. 6/6 Each boat that comes up the river is loaded to the guards with railway supplies for Wardner.
k. (See quot. 1881)
ΚΠ
1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 143 Guard, a support in front of a roll-train to guide the bar into the groove, sometimes called a side-guide.
l. A welt or reinforcing slip of paper inserted between the leaves of a book, as a scrap-book, catalogue, etc., for the attachment of additional leaves.
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society > communication > book > leaves or pages of book > [noun] > reinforcing slip between leaves
guard1708
1708 Brit. Apollo 13 Feb. Any Persons, upon directing their Letters to the Printer superscrib'd, for the British Apollo, may have this Paper brought to their Houses..Likewise the Books of Guards neatly bound to keep 'em in, at two Shillings a piece.
1747 J. Spence Polymetis Direct. Binder Plate 9, 18, 24, & 34; to be done with guards.
1882 P. Fitzgerald Recreat. Lit. Man II. xix. 136 When the ‘guards’ have been filled and the volume begins to bulge.
1882 P. Fitzgerald Recreat. Lit. Man II. xxi. 175 Special books with guards..for pasting into.
1896 Times 29 Feb. 10/3 It has been arranged for the book to be issued..with ‘guards’ at the end for additional leaves.
m. (See quot. 1860)
ΚΠ
1860 R. Fowler Med. Vocab. Guard, a thickly folded cloth, or other article, placed upon a bed so as to guard it from the discharges of parturition, or of any disease.
n. Conchology. In cephalopods: a calcareous structure enveloping the apex of the phragmacone; the rostrum.
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1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 74 The phragmocone of the belemnite..is usually eccentric, its apex being nearest to the ventral side of the guard.
1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals viii. 542 A straight phragmocone is enclosed within a more or less conical calcified laminated structure, the guard or rostrum.
o. (See quot. 1875.)
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Guard, a light frame in which the nuts of bolts fit to prevent their unscrewing by the vibration of the engine.
p. A protector worn on various parts of the body by cricketers or other sportsmen.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > general equipment > [noun] > guard or mask
mask1823
guard1889
1889 in Cent. Dict.
1906 A. E. Knight Compl. Cricketer ii. 49 Many players and most wicket-keepers wear additional guards for more delicate parts of the body.
1939–40 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 811/3 Football shin guards.
1939–40 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 812/3 The ‘Stopem’ hockey leg-guard.
17.
†a. Short for guardroom n. or guardhouse n. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > guardhouse
wardhouse1590
guard-house1592
vaughouse1616
guard1714
guard-room1826
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 549 The Court hath three guards, betweene each of which is a great greene.
1714 A. Ramsay Elegy John Cowper 47 John quietly put them in the guard To learn mair sense.
1773 R. Fergusson Poems 121 Pleys that bring him to the guard, An' eke the Council-Chawmir, Wi' shame that day.
b. Short for guard-finger n. at Compounds 2, etc.
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1028/1

Compounds

C1.
guard-dress n.
ΚΠ
1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 141 An old Vienna Guard-dress.
guard-duty n.
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1862 T. W. Higginson Army Life (1870) 28 Guard duty is an admirable school for this.
1894 Outing 24 314/1 There should be no time devoted to company drills in camp, or to teaching the rudiments of guard duty.
guard-mounting n.
ΚΠ
1844 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army 158 In Guard Mounting Order, the Great Coat is to be folded and carried flat, the top being in a line with the bottom of the Coat Collar.
1844 Queen's Regulations & Orders Army 261 All Grenadier and Fusilier Regiments are, when marching in quick time, upon occasions of Guard-mounting, Parade or Review, to march to the Grenadier's March.
1861 G. F. Berkeley Eng. Sportsman xiv. 233 I attended guard-mounting and with Major Wassells inspected the barrack-rooms and arms.
guard-parade n.
ΚΠ
1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 97 From the quarter guard parade to the line of parade of the Battalion..62 yards.
guard rope n.
ΚΠ
1909 Strand Mag. 37 365/2 Falling back to the guard-rope that held the crowd.
guard-sloop n.
ΚΠ
1708 London Gaz. No. 4459/1. 14 Sail of Brigantines and Sloops,..under Convoy of the Duke of Anjou's Guard Sloop, of betwixt 70 and 80 Men.
1739 Encour. Sea-f. People 35 Capt. Coleby..fought the Guard-Sloop.
guard-soldier n.
ΚΠ
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 166 Iunius Valens a captaine, pensioner or centurion of the gard-souldiers about Augustus Cæsar.
guard-squadron n.
ΚΠ
1850 G. Grote Hist. Greece VIII. ii. lxiii. 143 (note) Although watch had been enjoined to them (i.e. to the Peloponnesian guard-squadron at Abydos).
guard wall n.
ΚΠ
1815–16 Niles' Weekly Reg. 9 Suppl. 164/2 At the upper end of the canal between it and the breast of the dam, is a guard wall.
C2.
guard action n. Horology (perhaps) the action connected with a guard-pin.
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the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > part(s) of > action of
overbanking1881
guard action1884
shutting off1884
1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 89 Double Roller Escapement, a variety of the Lever Escapement, in which a separate roller is used for the guard action.
guard arm n. Boxing the arm with which blows are parried.
ΚΠ
1889 E. B. Michell Boxing in W. H. Pollock et al. Fencing (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 155 Last of all the defences..comes the device of shielding with the arm. For this the right, the ‘guard arm’, is most commonly employed.
guard band n. (a) Telecommunications one of the frequency bands on either side of a communication band which serve to protect it from interference from adjacent communication bands; (b) a strip separating neighbouring recording tracks on magnetic tape.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > [noun] > tape > strip separating neighbouring recording tracks
guard band1956
society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies > band of frequencies
sideband1921
frequency band1922
passband1922
waveband1923
S-band1946
baseband1952
guard band1956
vestigial side band1966
1956 W. C. Michels et al. Internat. Dict. Physics & Electronics 79/1 Interference guard bands.
1958 H. G. M. Spratt Magn. Tape Recording viii. 219 The centre 0·05 in. wide strip is left as a guard band and reduces the possibilities of cross~talk.
1960 J. L. Bernstein Video Tape Recording v. 91 When a signal track slips off the playback gap so that ⅓ of the gap length is covered by a guard band, the noise level increases by 3 db.
1960 M. S. Kiver F-M Simplified (ed. 3) i. 8 Each station..is assigned a bandwidth of 200 kc. Of this 200-kc bandwidth, 150 (±75) kc is to be employed for the modulation and the remaining 50 (±25) kc is to function as a guardband.
guard-board n. (a) = chain-wale n., channel n.2 (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 1867); (b) a board designed to prevent objects from falling on to workmen engaged in building.
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the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence > device or contrivance to protect a thing or person > other protective devices
bonnet1815
footguard1821
fall-breaker1883
patch1890
guard-board1898
interlock1934
shark netting1970
1898 Daily News 22 Mar. 2/5 Evidence was given that guard boards were put up immediately after the accident.
guard-bolt n. (see quot. a1884).
ΚΠ
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 428/2 Guard Bolt, a flat-headed screw-bolt, fully counter-sunk, for fastening the guards of mowing machines to the bars.
guard book n. (a) a blank book, furnished with guards (sense 16l), for the reception of pasted scraps, invoices, newspaper cuttings, etc.; (b) (see quot. 1867).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > [noun] > report
guard book1839
society > communication > record > written record > album or commonplace book > [noun]
book of commonplaces1562
adversaria1571
commonplace book1572
stem-book1592
commonplace1607
album1612
commonplacera1631
topic folio1644
place-booka1659
pocketbook1660
blank book1713
scrap-book1825
guard book1839
press book1897
society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > [noun] > provision or procurement of supplies > accounts
off-reckoning1633
guard book1839
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > account book > other types of account book
journal1540
bankers' book1585
shop book?1594
waste-book1613
cash-book1622
counter-book1622
pay-book1622
copybook1660
audit-booka1680
bankbook1682
transfer-book1694
malt-book1710
pay list1757
petty cash book1827
passbook1833
stock book1835
guard book1839
tommy book1841
bought-book1849
in-clearing book1872
out-clearing book1882
out-book1884
trial-book1890
1839 J. Romilly Diary 8 May in Cambridge Diary (1967) 169 Pasted documts in Guard Book all the Evg.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Guard-book, report of guard; a copy of which is delivered at the admiral's office by the officer of the last guard. Also, a full set of his accounts kept by a warrant-officer for the purpose of passing them.
1881 Bookseller's Catal. Guard Book—Twenty-two inches square, containing 68 leaves of stout drawing paper.
1891 Daily News 28 Oct. 2/7 In respect of this he had searched the guard-book, and could find no trace of the transfer of this share.
1903 Daily Chron. 18 Nov. 8/6 Book Sewers wanted, used to guardbooks and scrap-books.
1907 Westm. Gaz. 9 Dec. 7/2 He also produced the ‘transfer guard-book’.
1933 D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise i. 18 He propped up the Dairyfields guard-book before him, and fell to studying his predecessor's masterpieces on the subject of Green Pastures Margarine.
1961 T. Landau Encycl. Librarianship (ed. 2) 158/2 Guard book catalogue, a catalogue in book form (bound or loose-leaf), the entries being..made on slips and pasted on blank pages.
guard-brush n. (on an electric railway) a metallic brush by means of which the current is conveyed to the motor.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > parts of electric railway traction unit
guard-brush1888
nose suspension1894
nose1907
pantograph1907
dead man's handle1908
1888 Science 21 Dec. 302/1 The current is conveyed from the guard-brushes and the wheels to the motor, and through the other rail to the ground [on an electric railway].
guard-cell n. Botany one of the two cells that embrace the stomata of plants.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > cell > types of > guard- or subsidiary cell
accessory cell1831
guard-cell1875
guardian-cell1880
subsidiary cell1884
1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 88 We have a cell surrounded by several cells formed in this manner, which afterwards forms the two guard-cells (as in Crassulaceæ, Begoniaceæ, Cruciferæ).
guard-chain n. (a) a chain used to secure something, esp. a part of the dress or personal equipment, as a watch, brooch, or bracelet; (b) a chain used as a protection; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > fastenings > other fastenings
crotcheta1685
skewer1771
back-string1785
guard-chain1832
patte1835
tie-up1896
press-button1908
press fastener1922
Liverpool pennant1933
Velcro1960
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence > device or contrivance to protect a thing or person > chain
guard-chain1832
1832 F. Trollope Domest. Manners Amer. (ed. 2) II. xxx. 179 [His] toilet was equally studied; eye-glass, guard-chain, nothing was omitted.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers liv. 591 Very little watches and very large guard chains.
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. ix. 143 The merry old gentleman, placing..a watch in his waistcoat pocket, with a guard chain round his neck.
1846 C. G. F. Gore Sketches Eng. Char. I. 223 In a velvet waistcoat and gilt guard-chain.
1860 G. W. S. Piesse Lab. Chem. Wonders 7 It [Gunpowder] is the guard-chain and strong bolt which keep the barbarian thief from entering the precincts of the peaceful and industrious.
1894 A. Morrison Tales Mean Streets 280 Old Jack sat on the guard-chain of a flowery grave.
1896 Daily Tel. 19 Mar. 8/3 The guard-chain of Waterloo Pier.
guard-chamber n. = guardroom n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > action or duty of sentry or picket > [noun] > watch-post > guardroom
guard-chamber1611
guard-room1762
main guard1902
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings xiv. 28 The guard..brought them backe into the guard-chamber . View more context for this quotation
1707 London Gaz. No. 4334/5 When they had ascended to the Guard-Chamber, they were receiv'd there by the Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard.
1788 H. Walpole Reminiscences (1924) iii. 32 The yeomen in the guard-chamber pointed their halberds at my breast.
guard-changing n. the action of changing the guard, esp. at St. James's and Buckingham Palace.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > ceremonial > [noun] > changing the guard
guard-changing1904
1904 Daily Chron. 30 May 8/2 The minor formalities of guard-changing are completed.
1907 Westm. Gaz. 12 Nov. 9/1 The ceremony of guard-changing in the quadrangle.
guard-coat n. a coat worn by a soldier of the Guards.
ΚΠ
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 88. ⁋4 Coming down a tavern-stairs in his master's fine guard-coat..he met the colonel coming up with other company.
guard-coffer n. an external framework for the protection of the coffer or casing surrounding a concrete foundation.
ΚΠ
1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 131 To secure the Coffer or Coffers more effectually, you may environ and secure them with double or single Guard-coffers.
† guard-cot n. Anglo-Indian Obsolete a charpoy occupied by a soldier in the intervals of sentry duty.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > parts of bed > [noun] > bedstead > light Indian
cot1634
guard-cot1818
charpoy1844
string bed1895
1818 M. M. Sherwood Stories Church Catech. (ed. 4) xi. 63 Three or four men, who sat talking together upon a guard-cot, just out at the door in the verandah.
guard cradle n. (see quot. 1924).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > distribution system > [noun] > earthed network
guard cradle1924
guard net1924
1924 S. R. Roget Dict. Electr. Terms 102/1 Guard cradle or net, an earthed network of wires placed under overhead conductors at points where danger might be produced by their falling.
1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 393/1 Guard cradle, a network of wires serving the same purpose as a guard wire. Also called guard net.
† guard-dagger n. Obsolete (perhaps) a dagger with a guard; in quot. attributive of the shape of a certain cut of ‘whiskers’ (i.e. moustaches).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > knife or dagger > [noun] > types of
anlacec1300
misericord1324
bodkin1386
baselardc1390
popperc1390
wood-knife1426
spudc1440
pavade1477
bistoury1490
skene1527
dudgeon1548
sword dagger1567
machete1575
kris1589
bum dagger1596
stillado1607
stiletto1611
steelet1616
hanjar1621
pisaa1640
jockteleg1642
khanjar1684
bayonet1692
kuttar1696
parazonium1751
skene-ochles1754
scalping-knife1759
snick-a-snee1760
manchette1762
snickersnee1775
guard-dagger1786
boarding knife1807
scalp-knife1807
kukri1811
skene-dhu1811
parang1820
stylet1820
belt knife1831
bowie-knife1836
scalper1837
sheath-knife1837
toothpick1837
tumbok lada1839
snick-and-snee knife1843
tickler1844
bowie1846
toad-sticker1858
simi1860
scramasax1862
kinjal1863
left-hander1869
main gauche1869
aikuchi1875
tanto1885
toad-stabber1885
cinquedea1897
trench knife1898
puukko1925
panga1929
quillon dagger1950
flick-knife1957
ratchet knife1966
sai1973
ratchet1975
1786 Pogonologia 80 There were Spanish, Turkish, guard-dagger, &c. whiskers.
guard-detail n. ‘men from a company, regiment, etc. detailed from guard duty’ (Webster, 1890).
guard dog n. a watchdog.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dogs used for specific purposes > [noun] > guard dog
porter?a1425
wap1464
dog keeper1576
mooner1576
warner1576
house dog1577
mâtin1579
defender1607
housekeeper1607
watchdoga1616
moondog1668
yard-dog1795
guard dog1796
big dog1833
tenter1844
junkyard dog1936
prowl dog1974
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > [noun] > one who watches or keeps guard > watch-dog or guard dog
tie-dogc1290
porter?a1425
bandogc1425
house dog1577
mâtin1579
housekeeper1607
watchdoga1616
watch-mastiff1778
yard-dog1795
guard dog1796
big dog1833
prowl dog1974
1796 W. Windham Speeches Parl. 25 Apr. (1812) I. 287 The dogs that worry sheep are pointers, hounds, lurchers, guard-dogs, &c.
1967 ‘M. Hunter’ Cambridgeshire Disaster v. 31 The double chainlink fencing and the guard dogs.
1971 B. Callison Plague of Sailors 7 Ancillary boards stated..: Unrestricted guard dog operation do not pass this point.
guard-finger n. ‘one of the teeth projecting forward from the cutter-bar of a harvester, and through which the knife plays’ (1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech.).
guard-flag n. ‘in a squadron, a flag indicating the ship whose turn it is to perform the duty of a guard-ship’ ( Cent. Dict.).
guard-foot n. the foot of a contrivance, which acts also as a guard.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > low position > [noun] > condition of being placed under > that which lies under > base on which a thing rests > foot > which also acts as a guard
guard-foot1879
1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §168 One or two guard feet, not to touch the plane except in case of accident, ought to be added to give a broad enough base for safety.
guard hair n. = overhair n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > [noun] > parts of > (types of) fur
furc1430
overhair1874
underfur1895
guard hair1913
1913 J. W. Jones Fur-farming in Canada iv. 96 Mammals which have a short, fine, soft coat of fur through which grows hair, usually of greater length, variously called overfur, water~fur, guard-hair, are known as fur-bearers.
1921 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 9 Oct. 19/4 The fur of the muskrat..is very much like the beaver's fur..having two kinds—the long, coarse guard hairs and the soft undercoat.
1930 M. de la Roche Finch's Fortune xxiii. 303 It was growing into a rugged animal of good girth, the glossy black of its pelt shading to blue-black, the silver bands on the guard hairs bright as polished metal.
1966 Times 25 Apr. 13/1 Simulated..furs..now..have..‘guard-hair’.
guard-horn n. the horn used by the guard of a coach.
ΚΠ
1829 T. Hook Bank to Barnes 42 I was prevented from examining other objects by the guard-horn.
guard-iron n. (a) Nautical (see quot. 1769); (b) = sense 16h.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > either extremity of vessel > [noun] > ornament > iron bars over
guard-iron1769
society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > buffer
guard-iron1877
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Guard-irons,..arched bars of iron placed over the ornamental figures, on a ship's head..to defend them from..some other ship when they lie close to, or rub against each other.
1802 J. Perrott in Naval Chron. 7 349 I saw him taking hold of the guard-iron.
1877 M. Reynolds Locom. Engine Driving 100 He also stepped over to his own side of the engine foot-plate, and he had scarcely been there fifteen seconds when something was struck by the buffer-beam or guard-iron of the engine.
guard-lace n. a kind of figured lace.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > lace > other types of
masclea1425
pomet1582
loop-lace1632
colbertinea1685
coxcomb1693
trolly-lolly1693
trolly1699
piece lace1702
mignonette1751
web lace1795
guard-lace1804
Antwerp lace1811
warp-lace1812
cardinal lace1842
guipure1843
run lace1843
Shetland lace1848
lacis1865
pot lace1865
reticella1865
tape guipure1865
quadrille1884
reticello1895
tambour-lace1899
rosaline1900
ring net1901
tracing-lace1901
shadow lace1914
1804 Trans. Soc. Arts 22 234 A Loom that makes the satin guard lace, or any other figured lace.
guard-leaf n. one of the leaves which separate the closely-packed blossoms on the stem of a double hollyhock.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > mallow flowers > hollyhock > guard-leaf
guard-leaf1849
guard-petal1851
1849 Beck's Florist 276 The new and superior varieties have a semi-spherical flower exceedingly double, with closely serried petals, and a flat regular guard-leaf.
guard-lock n. (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water > contrivance for impounding water > gate, lock, or sluice
hatchOE
clowa1250
lock1261
water lock1261
sluice1340
water gate1390
sewer-gate1402
spay1415
floodgatec1440
shuttlec1440
spayer1450
gate1496
falling gate1524
spoye1528
gote1531
penstock1542
ventil1570
drawgate1587
flood-hatch1587
turnpike1623
slaker1664
lock gate1677
hatchway1705
flash1768
turnpike-lock1771
sluice-gate1781
pound-lock1783
stop-gate1790
buck gate1791
slacker1797
aboiteau1802
koker1814
guard-lock1815
falling sluice1819
lasher1840
fender1847
tailgate1875
weir-hatch1875
wicket1875
1815 Niles' Weekly Reg. 9 44/2 The boat, having entered the guard lock, went through the new canal.
1821 T. Dwight Trav. II. 353 [The canal] contains nine locks. The first, after the guard-lock, has a descent of six feet.
1840 H. S. Tanner Canals & Rail Roads U.S. 250 Guard lock, in canalling, is employed in maintaining the level of a canal, by preventing the encroachment of water from rivers, lakes, &c., when elevated beyond the prescribed level.
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Guard-lock (Hydraulic Engineering), a tide-lock, forming a communication between a basin and tide-water.
guard-log n. Australian a piece of timber laid on a road to keep the traffic on and off certain portions.
ΚΠ
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer I. xiii. 207 We may do it yet,..if we can clear those cursed guard-logs near the bottom.
guard net n. = guard cradle n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > transmission of electricity, conduction > conduction to earth > [noun] > protective screen
Faraday cage1916
guard net1924
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > distribution system > [noun] > earthed network
guard cradle1924
guard net1924
1924 [see guard cradle n.]. 1940 [see guard cradle n.].
guard-petal n. = guard-leaf n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > mallow flowers > hollyhock > guard-leaf
guard-leaf1849
guard-petal1851
1851 Beck's Florist Oct. 237 This is a rosy-pink flower, full, and well formed, with just sufficient guard-petal and no more.
guard-pile n. a pile placed as a protection in front of a quay or other structure; a fender or fender-pile (cf. sense 16i).
ΚΠ
1739 C. Labelye Short Acct. Piers Westm. Bridge 19 The Use of these Fenders, or Guard-Piles, was to secure the Works from the approach of Barges, and other large Vessels.
guard-pin n. (a) Horology (see quot. 1884); (b) (in a rifle) the pin by which the guard (sense 16d) is attached.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > part(s) of
nut1428
peise1428
plumbc1450
Jack1498
clockwork1516
larum1542
Jack of the clockhouse1563
watch-wheel1568
work1570
plummeta1578
Jack of the clock1581
snail-cam1591
snail-work1591
pointer1596
quarter jack1604
mainspring1605
winder1606
notch-wheel1611
fusee1622
count-wheel1647
jack-wheel1647
frame1658
arbor1659
balance1660
fuse1674
hour-figure1675
stop1675
pallet1676
regulator1676
cock1678
movement1678
detent1688
savage1690
clock1696
pinwheel1696
starred wheel1696
swing-wheel1696
warning-wheel1696
watch1696
watch-part1696
hoop-wheel1704
hour-wheel1704
snail1714
step-wheel1714
tide-work1739
train1751
crutch1753
cannon pinion1764
rising board1769
remontoire1774
escapement1779
clock jack1784
locking plate1786
scapement1789
motion work1795
anchor escapement1798
scape1798
star-wheel1798
recoil escapement1800
recoiling pallet1801
recoiling scapement1801
cannon1802
hammer-tail1805
recoiling escapement1805
bottle jack1810
renovating spring1812
quarter-boy1815
pin tooth1817
solar wheel1819
impulse-teeth1825
pendulum wheel1825
pallet arbor1826
rewinder1826
rack hook1829
snail-wheel1831
quarter bell1832
tow1834
star pulley1836
watch train1838
clock train1843
raising-piece1843
wheelwork1843
gravity escapement1850
jumper1850
vertical escapement1850
time train1853
pin pallet1860
spade1862
dead well1867
stop-work1869
ringer1873
strike-or-silent1875
warning-piece1875
guard-pin1879
pendulum cock1881
warning-lever1881
beat-pin1883
fusee-piece1884
fusee-snail1884
shutter1884
tourbillion1884
tumbler1884
virgule1884
foliot1899
grasshopper1899
grasshopper escapement1899
trunk1899
pin lever1908
clock spring1933
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > trigger > trigger-guard > pin
guard-pin1879
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 369/1 Passing on to the driving plane and repelling the pallet, would thereby press the guard-pin against the edge of the roller.
1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 262 To take to pieces a breech-loader..first remove the fore-end and barrels; then..turn out the side-pins, and remove the locks and hammers together; next turn out the guard-pins, and remove the bow or guard.
1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 115 Guard Pin, Safety Pin, a pin in the lever escapement that prevents the pallets leaving the escape wheel when the hands of the watch are turned back.
guard-plate n. (a) (in an electrometer) = guard-ring n.; (b) ‘the plate which closes the opening in front of a cupola furnace, to whose iron casing it is attached by staples’ (1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > [noun] > measurement of > instrument for > part of
guard-ring1817
guard-plate1873
guard tube1892
1873 J. C. Maxwell Treat. Electr. & Magn. §201 The interval between the disk and the guard-plate may be regarded as a circular groove of infinite depth.
guard-polyp n. Zoology a zooid modified to serve a defensive function, as in the nematophore of a cœlenterate, a machopolyp.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Diploblastica > phylum Coelenterata > [noun] > member of > zooid > modified for defence
guard-polyp1888
1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 758 The structures known as nematophores, sarcothecae, guard-polypes or macho-polypes.
guard-report n. (see quot. 1872-6).
ΚΠ
1872–6 G. E. Voyle Mil. Dict. Guard report, a report sent in by the relieved officer to the officer commanding, detailing a statement of duties performed by his guard while on duty.
guard-ring n. (a) a finger ring worn to keep another from slipping off; a keeper; (b) (see quot. 1893 at sense 7b).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > ring > [noun] > guard-ring or keeper
guard-ring1817
keeper1851
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > [noun] > measurement of > instrument for > part of
guard-ring1817
guard-plate1873
guard tube1892
1817 M. Edgeworth Harrington & Ormond I. xvii. 462 She never wore Sir Josseline's ring, without putting on..another..which she called her guard ring, a ring which being tighter than Sir Josseline's, kept it safe on her finger.
1873 J. C. Maxwell Treat. Electr. & Magn. §201 A plane disk..surrounded by a large plane plate called a Guard-ring with a circular aperture..concentric with the disk.
1892 T. O'C. Sloane Standard Electr. Dict. (1893) 282 Guard Ring, an annular horizontal surface surrounding the balanced disc in the absolute electrometer.
† guard-star n. Obsolete (see sense 12).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > constellation > Northern constellations > [noun] > Ursa Minor > guardian(s)
guardian1555
warden1555
guard1574
watcher1588
watch-star1588
guard-star1690
1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus f. 693 Then find the Point of the Compass, that the Guard-Star is upon, in the first..Column of the Table.
guard-stone n. one of a row of stones placed to keep vehicles off the sidewalk.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > paving and road-building > [noun] > furnishing with kerb > kerb-stone
curbstone1791
guard-stone1865
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > path or place for walking > [noun] > foot(-)path > by side of street or road > stone or post at edge of
guard-stone1865
kerb-post1904
1865 F. Parkman Champlain v, in Pioneers of France in New World 257 His foot upon a guard-stone, he thrust his head and shoulders into the coach.
1878 Technol. Dict., Eng.-Ger.-Fr. (ed. 3) Guard-stone (Build., Roads, etc.). Der Prellstein, Borne.
guard-stops n. the two points placed one on each side of a numeral, letter, figure, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > written character > punctuation > [noun] > point or stop
distinction1552
stay1596
stop1598
interpunction1617
punctc1620
punctum1652
interpoint1684
interstinctive point1696
dot1699
interpunctuation1717
guard-stops1866
distinctive1874
interpunct1898
punctus elevatus1951
punctus versus1951
punctus1954
1866 F. J. Furnivall in Stacions of Rome (1867) Pref. 6 Here..it is, and printed with all its metrical points, and guard-stops on each side of figures and single letters.
guard-strap n. (see quot. 1888)
ΚΠ
1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Guard Strap, the strips of sheet iron which arch over the tops of the wheels of locomotives, as a protection against injury to the drivers.
guard's van n. the railway coach or compartment occupied by a guard.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > guard's van
guard's van?1881
?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 34 Van..Boy, Guard.
1916 W. Owen Let. 29 Dec. (1967) 417 Train was wickedly late. I travelled in Guard's van.
guard tent n. ‘one of the tents occupied by a military guard when the command is in the field or in camp’ ( Cent. Dict.).
ΚΠ
1848 E. Bryant What I saw in Calif. iv. 52 They were greatly alarmed when brought to the guard tent, expecting immediate punishment.
guard tube n. (a) (see quot. 1893 at sense 7b; (b) a cylindrical conductor surrounding part of a wire anode (in an ionization chamber or proportional counter) which modifies the shape of the electric field and makes the sensitive volume of the chamber more clearly defined; (c) one of a series of ionization chambers placed so as to surround a weakly radioactive source and the chambers used to detect its radiation, and connected so as to prevent radiation from other sources from being counted (see quot. 1964).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > [noun] > measurement of > instrument for > part of
guard-ring1817
guard-plate1873
guard tube1892
the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactivity > ionizing radiation > [noun] > measuring instrument > conductor in
guard tube1892
the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactivity > ionizing radiation > [noun] > measuring instrument > protection for
guard tube1892
1892 T. O'C. Sloane Standard Electr. Dict. (1893) 282 Guard Tube, a metal tube surrounding a dry pile used with a quadrant electrometer, or other electrometers of that type.
1951 Rev. Sci. Instruments 22 38/1 The best possible insulation of the collecting electrode is required, and..the use of earthed guard tubes to protect the wire is generally a necessity.
1958 H. Etherington Nucl. Engin. Handbk. v. 14 End effects will involve regions of non-uniform A and of uncertain limits of the counting volume unless ‘guard tubes’ or field-shaping features are employed.
1963 B. Fozard Instrumentation Nucl. Reactors v. 60 Counting work of this kind requires the use of anticoincidence circuits and guard tubes.
1964 R. D. Rusk Introd. Atomic & Nucl. Physics (ed. 2) xiii. 308 The surrounding ring of guard tubes is connected in anticoincidence with the counting tubes that are near the source. A cosmic ray passing through one of the counting tubes would not be counted because it would first have to pass through one of the anticoincident guard tubes.
guard wire n. (see quot. 1941).
ΚΠ
1902 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 31 91 Probably the most efficient safeguard at present is earthed guard wire put up in accordance with Post Office regulations.
1920 Whittaker's Electr. Engin. Pocket-bk. (ed. 4) 579 Earthed guard wires..must be erected, at a minimum height of 2′ above the trolley wires, where telephone and telegraph wires cross the latter.
1941 S. R. Roget Dict. Electr. Terms (ed. 4) 156/2 Guard wire, an earthed wire, above an overhead line, to catch other wires which may fall accidentally across the line, and to ensure their being earthed before coming into contact with the line to be protected.

Derivatives

guard-like adj.
ΚΠ
1608 G. Chapman Conspiracie Duke of Byron ii. sig. C3v Pitch him from him with such guardlike strength.

Draft additions March 2022

Irish English. Usually with capital initial. A member of the Irish police force; a Garda (Garda n. b). Often in plural, as the Guards: the police. [Probably originally with allusion to the name of the Civic Guard , the 1922 precursor of the Garda Síochána (as a force), in later use also after Irish garda guard, (also specifically) member of the police force (see Garda n.); compare later Garda n.]
ΘΚΠ
society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > policeman > in specific country
quarterman1573
lascarine1598
peon1609
sbirro1670
exempt1678
kavass1819
ghaffir1831
Texas Ranger1846
carabiniere1847
zaptieh1869
Zarp1895
flic1899
kiap1923
Schupo1923
guard1925
provincial1936
Garda1943
Vopo1954
1925 Irish Times 11 Dec. 3 Assaulted a Guard... Guard Johnston gave evidence that when on duty between 11 and 12 o'clock he saw the defendant throwing glass tumblers. With the assistance of another Guard he arrested him.
1939 Irish Times 16 Sept. 13 He called the Guards who, with the aid of a flashlight, saw the body in the water, and had it removed.
1993 M. Mulvihill in M. Bradbury & A. Motion New Writing 2 195 Mr Foley..is on to you and he's going to have a Guard at the back of the shop on Thursday.
2009 Ireland's Eye Jan. 39/2 Once I hid out in Butler's Island..when I thought the Guards were after me.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

guardv.

Brit. /ɡɑːd/, U.S. /ɡɑrd/
Forms: Also 1500s–1700s gard(e, (in sense 7, 1500s past participle gard, 1800s gard), Scottish gaird, 1600s guaird.
Etymology: < guard n., or < French garder, earlier guarder (= Italian guardare , Spanish guardar ) < Romance *guardare , < Old Germanic *wardôn , < *wardâ : see ward n.1, guard n.
1.
a. transitive. To keep in safety from injury or attack; to stand guard or sentinel over; to keep (a door, etc.) so as to prevent entrance or exit; to take care of, protect, defend. (With material and immaterial objects.) †Also with in.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > watching or keeping guard > watch or keep guard over [verb (transitive)]
hold971
witec1000
ward?a1035
looklOE
bewakec1175
getec1175
wakec1175
i-witea1240
forelook1340
watch?a1400
to watch over——1526
award?c1550
guard1582
to wait over ——1659
shepherd1885
watchdog1902
warden1910
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 54 King Helenus, with a crowding coompanye garded.
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. E4 Draw not thy sword to gard iniquitie. View more context for this quotation
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iv. 105 The companies which haue the ward, are alwayes to sallie to gard the trenches.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. iii. 273 There is your crowne: And he that weares the crowne immortally, Long gard it yours. View more context for this quotation
1608 J. Day Humour out of Breath sig. G3 Guard in my safety with a ring of steele, And marke how proudly heele demeane reuenge.
1617 W. Mure Misc. Poems xxi. 55 Heavens..did thy royall grandeur guaird.
c1639 W. Mure Psalmes cxxi. 8 in Wks. (1898) II. 195 He guaird thee shal about.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 1033 Except whom God and good Angels guard by special grace. View more context for this quotation
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 143 Two men, each holding a Pike, as if they Guarded these Doors.
1742 H. Walpole Lett. (1846) I. 239 The King of Poland is guarding all the avenues of Saxony.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xii. xiv. 308 Jones stood with his Sword drawn in his Hand to guard the poor Fellow. View more context for this quotation
1780 W. Cowper Table Talk 315 Let active laws apply the needful curb To guard the peace that riot would disturb.
1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) III. 149 He was to guard the entrance of the Corinthian gulf.
1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. 47 They were so negligently guarded, that..they contrived to make themselves masters of the fortress.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 147 Elaine..High in her chamber up a tower to the east Guarded the sacred shield of Lancelot.
1883 C. J. Wills In Land of Lion & Sun 376 Peacocks are..supposed only to be kept by royalty;..the privilege of keeping them is zealously guarded.
1898 J. Arch Story of Life xv. 369 You may just as well expect the cat to guard the cream.
reflexive.1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iv. vii. 137 Hence-forth gard [1623 guard] thee well. View more context for this quotation1781 W. Cowper Anti-Thelypthora 189 Guard thee well, expect no feigned attack; And guard beside the sorceress at thy back!
b. said of impersonal objects.
ΚΠ
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. D4v I thinke the honie garded with a sting. View more context for this quotation
1639 J. Fletcher et al. Bloody Brother iv. i. sig. G4v Mercy becomes a Prince, and guards him best.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 122 Of a Sword the flame Wide waving..to..guard all passage to the Tree of Life. View more context for this quotation
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 40 A Coat of Armour over it like an Hedg-hogs, guards its weighty Fruit.
1725 G. Berkeley Proposal in Wks. (1871) III. 222 Two narrow entrances, both well guarded by forts.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho II. xii. 461 The place is guarded enough by the high walls of the castle, and the east turret.
1830 Ld. Tennyson Recoll. Arab. Nights iii, in Poems 49 Where clearstemm'd platans guard The outlet [of a stream].
1874 J. Parker Paraclete i. ii. 15 Every moment of the Jew's time, and every act of the Jew's life, was guarded by a regulation.
c. To protect or defend from, against. Also reflexive.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 249 To guard the Chicken from a hungry Kyte. View more context for this quotation
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World i. 8 They will guard themselves from Arrows, tho they come very thick.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 163. ¶4 One would take more than ordinary Care to guard ones self against this particular Imperfection [sc. Inconstancy], because it is that which our Nature very strongly inclines us to.
1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Calderon v By guarding him from all friendships save with those whose affection to myself I can trust.
1852 Ld. Tennyson Ode Wellington 68 Guarding realms and kings from shame.
1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud vi. vii, in Maud & Other Poems 27 Myself from myself I guard.
d. To attend, accompany, or escort (to a place) as a guard. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > bring or take to a place > as a guard
guard1600
drag1924
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. i. 348 Some guard this traitour to the blocke of death. View more context for this quotation
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 434 A triple Sunne, attended and guarded with a double Rainbow.
1697 S. Sewall Diary 6 Oct. (1973) I. 379 Came between 12 and 1. to the Townh. Chamber and Guarded the Governour and Council to the Anchor.
1702 S. Sewall Diary 11 June (1973) I. 470 Just about dark Troops Guarded the Govr to Roxbury.
a1732 J. Gay Town Eclog., Friday 18 in Lady M. W. Montagu Poet. Wks. (1768) 36 No more..shall..white-glov'd beaus encroach In crowds behind, to guard me to my coach.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xvii. 28 My blessing, like a line of light, Is on the waters day and night, And like a beacon guards thee home. View more context for this quotation
2. To provide with safeguards; to secure from misunderstanding or abuse by explanations or stipulations; Medicine, to render the action of (a drug) safe by administering correctives along with it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] > secure or protect > secure against abuse or misunderstanding
guard1725
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > treat with drugs [verb (transitive)] > make drug safe by administering correctives
guard1900
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. xxiv. Observ. 261 It is not easy to guard the doctrine of Homer from such unhappy consequences.
1891 Law Times 90 462/2 The judges carefully guarded themselves from being supposed to lay down any new rule.
1900 J. Hutchinson Archives Surg. XI. No. 41 I give it [sc. mercury] in small, frequently repeated doses, well guarded with opium.
†3. To find out or ascertain by watching. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > find out, discover [verb (transitive)] > by perception or observation
seeOE
wita1300
descrivec1300
descrya1450
spyc1515
to see into ——1565
scerne1590
guard1636
discreevec1650
spot1848
embrace1852
sniff1864
1636 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae (new ed.) 1351 First gard the ground of all his griefe, What sicknes ye suspect.
4. To keep watch over, to prevent from exceeding bounds; to keep in check, control (thoughts, utterance).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > be cautious about [verb (transitive)]
guard1742
watch1837
1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Second 10 Guard well thy Thought; our Thoughts are heard in Heaven.
1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy II. i. 5 No doubt my uncle Toby had great command of himself,—and could guard appearances, I believe, as well as most men.
1768 H. Walpole Hist. Doubts 112 This..would make his testimony most suspicious, even if he had guarded his work within the rules of probability.
1780 W. Cowper Table Talk 83 Guard what you say: the patriotic tribe Will sneer, and charge you with a bribe.
1885 Bible (R.V.) Prov. xiii. 3 He that guardeth his mouth keepeth his life.
†5. To parry (a blow); to ward off. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > ward off harm > specifically a stroke or blow
biberghOE
keepc1175
repela1460
to put bya1530
ward1571
award1579
bucklera1616
guard1654
foil1841
1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. ii. 20 We did not judge him, or punish him,..but only defended our selves, by guarding his blowes, and repelling his injuries.
1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. ii. 111 There are few but may Shine in their own Orb..; so far at least as to guard off Contempt, and secure a moderate Repute.
6. Sport colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > greyhound racing > [noun] > ordering running
guard1893
1893 Daily News 8 May 2/2 The list of disasters caused by starting Siffleuse and putting T. Loates up, without guarding the favourite.
1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 209 Guarding—When two or more greyhounds are entered in a stake, the bona fide property of the same owner, the order of running is altered, so that they may meet other greyhounds, should they come together.
7. To ornament (a garment, etc.) with ‘guards’; to trim, as with braid, lace, velvet, etc.; also transferred, to stripe. occasionally with about.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > trim > border or edge
hem14..
guard?1499
beguard1640
?1499 J. Skelton Bowge of Courte (de Worde) sig. Bvv His hode all pounsed and garded lyke a cage.
1500 in F. J. Furnivall Ballads from MSS I. 456 Hys hosen shalbe freshely gard Wyth colours ii or thre.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 560/2 Some men garde their cootes for plesure, but I garde my hose for profyte.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. iii. 37 Gownes or coates of velvet..which they gard about with broad bands of velvet.
1606 P. Holland in tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars Annot. 2 This purple Robe bordered, called Prætexta, was..embrodered..or garded about with purple.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 712 Sharkes..which had other six or seven smaller fishes, garded with blew and greene, attending.
1665–76 J. Rea Flora (ed. 2) 93 The flowers are of a pale blush colour, with small and sharp pointed leaves, which become striped, and garded with a dark sad purple.
1707 J. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 22) ii. xiv. 183 These wear Scarlet Coats down to the Knee, and Scarlet Breeches, both richly guarded with black Velvet.
1826 W. Scott Woodstock III. vi. 159 A..boy, in an orange-tawney doublet,..guarded with blue worsted lace.
1884 J. Payne tr. Tales from Arabic I. 61 On the mule's back was a litter of gold-inwoven brocade, garded about with an embroidered band set with gold and jewels.
figurative.1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing i. i. 269 The body of your discourse is sometime guarded with fragments, and the guardes are but slightly basted on neither. View more context for this quotationa1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. ii. 10 To guard a Title, that was rich before; To gilde refined Gold. View more context for this quotation1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 68 He brought in a Religion spun with a Courser Threed, though garded with a Finer Trimming.punningly.a1641 T. Heywood Captives (1953) iii. ii. 65 Wee will see his fooles coate guarded ey and reguarded too ffrom slippinge out off our ffingers.
8.
a. intransitive. To be on one's guard; to stand on guard or as a sentinel; to take up or maintain a position of defence (with direct or indirect reference to fencing).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (intransitive)] > take or maintain defensive position
to stand at fencec1330
ward1393
guarda1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) v. iii. 33 Feare frames disorder, and disorder wounds Where it should guard . View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 186 Come stand by me, feare nothing: guard with Halberds. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. ii. 3 1. Wat. Stay: whence are you. 2. Wat. Stand, and go backe. Me. You guard like men.
1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. ii. 68 There are other nice..Cases in which a Man must Guard, if he intends to keep Fair with the World, and turn the Penny.
1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) Prepare to Guard, in the cavalry sword exercise.
1860 O. W. Holmes Meet. Nat. Sanitary Assoc. 51 To guard is better than to heal,—The shield is nobler than the spear!
1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 208 Apparently imitating English fencing, they occasionally struck and guarded in the different positions.
b. to guard against: to take up a position of defence with regard to, to take precautions against. Also with indirect passive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)]
shieldc825
frithc893
werea900
i-schield971
berghOE
biwerec1000
grithc1000
witec1000
keepc1175
burghena1225
ward?c1225
hilla1240
warrantc1275
witiec1275
forhilla1300
umshadea1300
defendc1325
fendc1330
to hold in or to warrantc1330
bielda1350
warisha1375
succoura1387
defencea1398
shrouda1400
umbeshadow14..
shelvec1425
targec1430
protect?1435
obumber?1440
thorn1483
warrantise1490
charea1500
safeguard1501
heild?a1513
shend1530
warrant1530
shadow1548
fence1577
safekeep1588
bucklera1593
counterguard1594
save1595
tara1612
target1611
screenc1613
pre-arm1615
custodite1657
shelter1667
to guard against1725
cushion1836
enshield1855
mind1924
buffer1958
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > vigilance > [verb (transitive)] > guard against
warea900
to be aware of1095
wardc1230
bihedea1250
to attend fromc1375
counterwaitc1386
to look out for1578
counterguard1583
bewarea1600
mind1700
to guard against1725
tent1737
1725 I. Watts Logick i. iv. 69 To guard against such Mistakes..it is necessary to acquaint our selves a little with Words and Terms.
1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xviii. 128 Laws..are intended to guard against what men may do, not to trust to what they will do.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) I. 464 The great danger of parol declarations, against which the statute was intended to guard.
1832 H. Martineau Demerara ii. 17 I do not see at present how we are to guard against hurricanes.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iii. §2. 120 He had guarded jealously against any revolt of the baronage.
1883 A. Roberts O.T. Revision ii. 29 This is a fallacy to be most carefully guarded against in dealing with all Biblical questions.
9. Curling.
a. transitive. To ‘cover’ or defend (a stone) by planting one in a line between it and oneself. Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > curling > curl [verb (transitive)] > actions
ride1771
draw1787
guard1787
strike1811
hog1822
inwick1823
outwick1830
promote1937
1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 150 He was the king o' a' the Core, To guard, or draw, or wick a bore.
1817 Lintoun Green in R. Brown Comic Poems 38 To draw, guard, strike, or wick, he tries.
1840 D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rural Sports 118 The object of the next in order is to guard the stone of his partner, or to strike off that of his antagonist.
1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 258 [article Curling] The Stone played..must be over the Hog, but must not touch the Stone to be guarded.
b. intransitive. Said of a stone so planted to defend a partner's stone. Applied also to a similar stroke of play in Bowls (see guarding n. 3).
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > curling > curl [verb (intransitive)] > actions
roar1787
wick1811
outwick1830
port1831
rebut1831
to fill the ice1867
guard1878
slide1936
1878 ‘Capt. Crawley’ Football, Golf & Shinty 127 (Curling) A stone is said to guard when it lies in a line between the player and the tee, with another stone belonging to the same side within it.
10. Chess. (transitive) To support a piece or pawn with another.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [verb (transitive)] > tactics
to shut up1474
to take upc1475
neck1597
catch1674
to discover check1688
attack1735
retreat1744
fork1745
pin1745
retake1750
guard1761
interpose1761
castle1764
retract1777
to take (a pawn) en passant1818
capture1820
decline1847
cook1851
undouble1868
unpin1878
counter1890
fidate1910
sacrifice1915
fianchetto1927
1761 E. Hoyle Ess. Game of Chess 53 You are to observe this Rule, not to guard your Pawn, unless [etc.].
1835 Hoyle's Games 338 Never guard an inferior piece or pawn with a better, if you can do it with a pawn.
11. Bookbinding.
Categories »
a. To supply (a guard book) with guards.
Categories »
b. To attach (a leaf or plate) to a guard. (Funk's Stand. Dict.)
12. Cricket. To defend, protect, or cover (the wicket). (Cf. guard n. 3b.)
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (transitive)] > types of batting
guard1744
collar1859
quilt1866
paste1894
to farm the strike1901
1744 ‘J. Love’ Cricket iii. 20 Now the two mightiest of the fainting Host..With pow'rful Skill, their threat'ned Wickets guard.
1851 J. Pycroft Cricket Field vii. 117 Yet few, very few, ever play as upright as they might play, and that even to guard their three stumps.

Draft additions June 2015

Sport (chiefly Basketball).
a. transitive. To protect (the basket or goal, the ball, an area of the field or court, etc.) from the opposing team.
ΚΠ
1880 Brentano's Monthly Jan. 455 Down nearer the goal line were C. B. Duncan, '80; [etc.], as backs, who were to look after and guard the goal.
1912 G. S. Warner Course in Football for Players & Coaches (new ed.) 136 The problem..is to arrange the players so as to guard the territory lying between the scrimmage line and the territory about twenty-five yards back of it.
1963 Blue Island (Illinois) Sun-Standard 26 Dec. 12/1 They're big and fast..and can really guard the ball.
1982 Ocala (Florida) Star-Banner 22 Dec. 2 d/1 Defensively I'm guarding the post better and I'm doing all right rebounding.
2010 G. Dohrmann Play their Hearts Out xxix. 360 He put a man on Demetrius and then a 2-2 zone behind him to guard the basket.
b. transitive. To attempt to prevent (an opponent) from passing or receiving the ball, or from being able to participate effectively in attacking play.
ΚΠ
1904 Normal Advance Mar. 176/1 Our team threw some excellent field baskets, and did especially well in guarding their men.
1933 Monroe (Louisiana) News-Star 13 Jan. 7/2 The other members of the team can take a hand in scoring if the classy little man of the team is guarded too closely.
1948 Pop. Mech. Oct. 133 (caption) The offense ‘gangs up’ on defensive half-back..and gives him impossible task of guarding two receivers.
1967 Chicago Daily Defender 2 Sept. 15/1 Lou Hudson was difficult to guard on the basketball court last winter.
1982 Z. Edgell Beka Lamb xvii. 113 Last year when Beka had been on the freshman basketball team, she used to guard Stella Beaufort.
2007 C. M. Adkins et al. Basketball Drills x. 213 These defenses are best used when..the offensive team has one or two exceptional players that you know your team cannot guard man-to-man.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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