praxisn.

Brit.

/ˈpraksɪs/, U.S.

/ˈpræksəs/

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin praxis; Greek πρᾶξις.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin praxis action, practice (from 13th cent. in British sources), direct practical experience (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), habitual or customary mode of action, method, technique (15th cent. in British sources), in title of treatise on a given subject (1451, 16th cent. in British sources), exercise of profession or occupation (1549 in a British source with reference to medical practice) and its etymon ancient Greek πρᾶξις doing, action, practice < πράττειν to do (see practic adj.) + -σις -sis suffix. Compare German Praxis (17th cent. or earlier).Praxis is recorded in classical Latin as a Greek word, denoting an act, deed, as well as in the phrase habere praxim in a corrupt passage in Petronius of disputed sense, where it may denote effect. In sense 1b after German Praxis, used by A. von Cieszkowski in Prolegomena zur Historiosophie (1838) 129, then adopted by Karl Marx in Zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie, Einleitung in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher (1844).

a. Action or practice; spec. the practice or exercise of a technical subject or art, as distinct from the theory of it; (also) accepted or habitual practice or custom.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > as opposed to words or theory

feat1362

practica1387

practive1395

practicec1487

praxisa1586

deeding1606

res non verba1805

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > customs, values, or beliefs of a society or group > [noun] > custom of a society or group

i-wunec888

thewc893

wise971

law of (the) landc1175

customa1200

wonec1200

tidingc1275

orderc1300

usancea1325

usagec1330

usea1393

guisea1400

spacec1400

stylec1430

rite1467

fashion1490

frequentation1525

institution1551

tradition1597

mode1642

shibboleth1804

dastur1888

praxis1892

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. E3^v For as Aristotle sayth, it is not Gnosis, but Praxis must be the fruit.

1644 J. Milton Of Educ. 2 If after some preparatory grounds of speech..they were led to the praxis thereof in some chosen short book.

1678 Salmon (title) Pharmacopœia Londinensis. Or, the New London Dispensatory..As also, The Praxis of Chymistry.

1705 L. Maidwell Ess. Necessity & Excellency Educ. 34 The Ægyptians are recorded the First Inventors of Astronomy and Geometry, from the Praxis of whose Problems Arithmetic proceded.

1784 Edinb. Advertiser 19 Nov. 324/1 The Netherlands will be..the school of war, to which many of our young officers of fortune will resort as a study and improving praxis in their profession.

1800 S. T. Coleridge Talleyrand to Ld. Grenville in Morning Post 10 Jan. 3/1 In theory false and pernicious in praxis.

1892 J. Robertson Early Relig. Israel xv. 390 This code is merely the embodiment of praxis or the crystallisation of custom.

1934 K. Dunlap Civilized Life 184 During the last forty years,..there has been a trend towards a pseudo-scientific system of rules for the treatment of young infants which contravened many of the established rules of praxis which had grown up.

1974 Nature 30 Aug. 795/1 Certainly, theory fascinates more than praxis. Yet for the patient at least, praxis is the key medical activity, patients being far more concerned with what their physicians can do than with what they know.

1993 J. E. Taylor Christians & Holy Places ii. 20 Some Jews and their Gentile converts appear to have steadfastly followed Jewish praxis.

b. Conscious, willed action, esp. (in Marxist and neo-Marxist thought) that through which theory or philosophy is transformed into practical social activity; the synthesis of theory and practice seen as a basis for or condition of political and economic change. Also: an instance of this; the application of a theory or philosophy to a practical political, social, etc., activity or programme.The term has been increasingly used since the 1960s, following the translation into English of Marx's early writings.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [noun] > Marxism > specific theories or usages

means of production1833

revolution1850

false consciousness1858

superstructure1887

proletarian revolution1888

historical materialism1892

dictatorship of the proletariat1895

synthesis1896

dialectical materialism1898

practice1899

withering away1919

base1933

praxis1933

reification1941

cultural Marxism1949

spontaneism1970

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [adjective] > relating to Marxism > specific doctrines or usages

praxis1933

spontaneist1971

1933 S. Hook Towards Understanding K. Marx ii. ix. 76 That is why Marx claimed that only in practice (Praxis) can problems be solved.

1936 S. Hook From Hegel to Marx viii. 281 Practice (Praxis) was something much wider than practicability. It was selective behaviour.

1969 D. McLellan Young Hegelians & Karl Marx i. ii. 10 Will,..the motive force for that synthesis of thought and action for which Cieszkowski coined the term, so influential later, of ‘praxis’.

1974 Times Lit. Suppl. 31 May 582/5 ‘The embattled imagination’ and ‘maimed utopia’, whose values are under threat in the praxis-obsessed intellectual climate of the Federal Republic.

1982 J. Benedetti Stanislavski (1989) 66 What Stanislavski had to seek was a praxis , theory and practice in organic unity.

1993 Community Devel. Jrnl. (BNC) July 222 True knowledge evolves from the interaction of reflection and action (or praxis) to transform the social conditions.

2003 Internat. Midwifery (Nexis) 1 Nov. 65 Barbara Katz Rothman..led the sessions with her talk titled ‘Midwifery as feminist praxis.’

c. Linguistics. The rhetorical or performative aspect of language; speech as an action.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > [noun]

speechc725

spellc888

tonguec897

spellingc1000

wordOE

mathelingOE

redec1275

sermonc1275

leeda1300

gale13..

speakc1300

speaking1303

ledenc1320

talea1325

parliamentc1325

winda1330

sermoningc1330

saying1340

melinga1375

talkingc1386

wordc1390

prolationa1393

carpinga1400

eloquencec1400

utteringc1400

language?c1450

reporturec1475

parleyc1490

locutionc1500

talk1539

discourse1545

report1548

tonguec1550

deliverance1553

oration1555

delivery1577

parling1582

parle1584

conveying1586

passage1598

perlocution1599

wording1604

bursta1616

ventilation1615

loquency1623

voicinga1626

verbocination1653

loquence1677

pronunciation1686

loquel1694

jawinga1731

talkee-talkee?1740

vocification1743

talkation1781

voicing1822

utterancy1827

voicing1831

the spoken word1832

outness1851

verbalization1851

voice1855

outgiving1865

stringing1886

praxis1950

1950 Mod. Philol. 47 iv. 243/1 I have already distinguished, in the first part of this essay, between speech as action (praxis) and speech as meaningful (lexis).

1967 G. Steiner Lang. & Silence 43 Large areas of meaning and praxis now belong to such non-verbal languages as mathematics, symbolic logic, and formulas of chemical or electronic relation.

1983 R. E. Ziegler in Verbatim Summer 14/1 Even in commercials that concentrate on praxis, one can see how language often functions as the medium by which the results that one desires are finally attained.

1993 P. Auer et al. Rhythm &Tempo of Spoken Interaction i. 5 The distinction between linguistic praxis and language as the system that informs it collapses at precisely those points where the meaning of a sentence cannot be calculated..from the meaning of its lexical components.

d. Action entailed, required, or produced by a theory, or by particular circumstances.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > pragmatism > [noun] > praxeology > elements of

practical activity1913

pragmatization1948

praxis1953

1953 E. L. Allen Existentialism from Within ii. 27 The Greeks did not speak of ‘things’ but of pragmata, implying that I have to do something (praxis) about them.

1962 J. Macquarrie & E. Robinson tr. Heidegger's Being & Time ii. iv. 409 What is decisive in the ‘emergence’ of the theoretical attitude would then lie in the disappearance of praxis.

1972 P. Piccone & J. E. Hansen tr. E. Paci Function of Sci. iii. xix. 360 Science loses its function and society hides the meaning of praxis through technistic ideology.

1989 G. Steiner Real Presences i. vii. 46 The only reasonable answer..is pragmatic and professional. ‘The termination of analysis is..a matter of praxis.’

e. The performance of voluntary or skilful actions; purposive movement. Cf. apraxia n.

ΚΠ

1966 B. Haigh tr. A. R. Luria Human Brain & Psychol. Processes i. 42 At first glance it may appear that lesions situated in very different parts of the brain may lead to a disturbance of praxis.

1968 J. M. Heaton Eye iii. 46 Thus, even at this early age, praxis has emerged, i.e. the activity of looking has become meaningful, an end in itself to the infant.

1989 Brain 112 967 Praxis, particularly limb praxis, seems frequently to be spared in cases of crossed aphasia.

2004 Jrnl. Speech, Lang. & Hearing Res. (Nexis) 1 Feb. 33 The Test of Oral and Limb Apraxia (Helm-Estabrooks, 1992) was administered to evaluate oral and limb praxis on gesture-to-command and imitation tasks.

†2.

a. An example or collection of examples to serve for practice or exercise in a subject, esp. in grammar. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > [noun] > examples for grammatical practice

praxis1612

society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > exercises or homework

lesson?c1225

renderc1380

vulgars1520

practicec1541

theme1545

example1562

tax1564

repetition1579

exercise1612

praxis1612

recreation1633

pensum1667

vacation-exercisea1668

version1711

task1737

thesisa1774

dictation1789

challenging1825

holiday task1827

devoir1849

homework1852

vulgus1857

cram-book1858

rep1858

banco1862

prep1866

classwork1867

preparation1875

work card1878

vacation-task1904

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xx. 235 Perfected and adioyned as a praxis in the end of the Radices.

1622 J. Brinsley Consol. Gram. School 62 If you desire a praxis of..the chief rules of the Syntax..take Maister Leeches Dialogues.

1702 tr. W. Oughtred Key Math. xv. 69 So √qqA and √ccBq are to be reduced to √cccAc and √cccBqq. As you may see in the following Praxis.

1762 R. Lowth Short Introd. Eng. Gram. 173 A Praxis, or Example of Grammatical Resolution.

1779 Beattie Let. in Forbes Life (1806) II. 42 I..send you inclosed a little book, containing about two hundred, with a praxis at the end, which will perhaps amuse you.

1843 W. Baillie (title) The first twelve psalms in Hebrew, with..grammatical praxis.

b. A means or instrument of practice or exercise in a subject; a working model. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > practice, exercise, or doing > [noun] > means or instrument of

praxisa1677

a1677 T. Manton Pract. Expos. Isaiah (1703) 298 It giveth out divers Lessons, for Christ's Life is a Praxis of Divinity, and the Rules of Religion exemplified.

1751 J. Harris Hermes Pref. p. xiii They [sc. mathematics] are the noblest Praxis of Logic, or universal Reasoning.

1786–97 J. Gillies tr. Aristotle Ethics & Polit. II. 348 The pleadings of the Ancients were praxises of the art of oratorical persuasion.

1800 T. Jefferson Writings (1893–9) VII. 429 It [sc. a Parliamentary Manual] may do good by presenting to the different legislative bodies a chaste Praxis.

1843 J. Holland Brit. Psalmists I. 10 The following is a praxis of the First Psalm.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	praxis
释义	praxisn. Brit. /ˈpraksɪs/, U.S. /ˈpræksəs/ Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin praxis; Greek πρᾶξις. Etymology: < post-classical Latin praxis action, practice (from 13th cent. in British sources), direct practical experience (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), habitual or customary mode of action, method, technique (15th cent. in British sources), in title of treatise on a given subject (1451, 16th cent. in British sources), exercise of profession or occupation (1549 in a British source with reference to medical practice) and its etymon ancient Greek πρᾶξις doing, action, practice < πράττειν to do (see practic adj.) + -σις -sis suffix. Compare German Praxis (17th cent. or earlier).Praxis is recorded in classical Latin as a Greek word, denoting an act, deed, as well as in the phrase habere praxim in a corrupt passage in Petronius of disputed sense, where it may denote effect. In sense 1b after German Praxis, used by A. von Cieszkowski in Prolegomena zur Historiosophie (1838) 129, then adopted by Karl Marx in Zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie, Einleitung in the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher (1844). 1. a. Action or practice; spec. the practice or exercise of a technical subject or art, as distinct from the theory of it; (also) accepted or habitual practice or custom. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > as opposed to words or theory feat1362 practica1387 practive1395 practicec1487 praxisa1586 deeding1606 res non verba1805 society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > customs, values, or beliefs of a society or group > [noun] > custom of a society or group i-wunec888 thewc893 wise971 law of (the) landc1175 customa1200 wonec1200 tidingc1275 orderc1300 usancea1325 usagec1330 usea1393 guisea1400 spacec1400 stylec1430 rite1467 fashion1490 frequentation1525 institution1551 tradition1597 mode1642 shibboleth1804 dastur1888 praxis1892 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. E3^v For as Aristotle sayth, it is not Gnosis, but Praxis must be the fruit. 1644 J. Milton Of Educ. 2 If after some preparatory grounds of speech..they were led to the praxis thereof in some chosen short book. 1678 Salmon (title) Pharmacopœia Londinensis. Or, the New London Dispensatory..As also, The Praxis of Chymistry. 1705 L. Maidwell Ess. Necessity & Excellency Educ. 34 The Ægyptians are recorded the First Inventors of Astronomy and Geometry, from the Praxis of whose Problems Arithmetic proceded. 1784 Edinb. Advertiser 19 Nov. 324/1 The Netherlands will be..the school of war, to which many of our young officers of fortune will resort as a study and improving praxis in their profession. 1800 S. T. Coleridge Talleyrand to Ld. Grenville in Morning Post 10 Jan. 3/1 In theory false and pernicious in praxis. 1892 J. Robertson Early Relig. Israel xv. 390 This code is merely the embodiment of praxis or the crystallisation of custom. 1934 K. Dunlap Civilized Life 184 During the last forty years,..there has been a trend towards a pseudo-scientific system of rules for the treatment of young infants which contravened many of the established rules of praxis which had grown up. 1974 Nature 30 Aug. 795/1 Certainly, theory fascinates more than praxis. Yet for the patient at least, praxis is the key medical activity, patients being far more concerned with what their physicians can do than with what they know. 1993 J. E. Taylor Christians & Holy Places ii. 20 Some Jews and their Gentile converts appear to have steadfastly followed Jewish praxis. b. Conscious, willed action, esp. (in Marxist and neo-Marxist thought) that through which theory or philosophy is transformed into practical social activity; the synthesis of theory and practice seen as a basis for or condition of political and economic change. Also: an instance of this; the application of a theory or philosophy to a practical political, social, etc., activity or programme.The term has been increasingly used since the 1960s, following the translation into English of Marx's early writings. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [noun] > Marxism > specific theories or usages means of production1833 revolution1850 false consciousness1858 superstructure1887 proletarian revolution1888 historical materialism1892 dictatorship of the proletariat1895 synthesis1896 dialectical materialism1898 practice1899 withering away1919 base1933 praxis1933 reification1941 cultural Marxism1949 spontaneism1970 society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [adjective] > relating to Marxism > specific doctrines or usages praxis1933 spontaneist1971 1933 S. Hook Towards Understanding K. Marx ii. ix. 76 That is why Marx claimed that only in practice (Praxis) can problems be solved. 1936 S. Hook From Hegel to Marx viii. 281 Practice (Praxis) was something much wider than practicability. It was selective behaviour. 1969 D. McLellan Young Hegelians & Karl Marx i. ii. 10 Will,..the motive force for that synthesis of thought and action for which Cieszkowski coined the term, so influential later, of ‘praxis’. 1974 Times Lit. Suppl. 31 May 582/5 ‘The embattled imagination’ and ‘maimed utopia’, whose values are under threat in the praxis-obsessed intellectual climate of the Federal Republic. 1982 J. Benedetti Stanislavski (1989) 66 What Stanislavski had to seek was a praxis , theory and practice in organic unity. 1993 Community Devel. Jrnl. (BNC) July 222 True knowledge evolves from the interaction of reflection and action (or praxis) to transform the social conditions. 2003 Internat. Midwifery (Nexis) 1 Nov. 65 Barbara Katz Rothman..led the sessions with her talk titled ‘Midwifery as feminist praxis.’ c. Linguistics. The rhetorical or performative aspect of language; speech as an action. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > [noun] speechc725 spellc888 tonguec897 spellingc1000 wordOE mathelingOE redec1275 sermonc1275 leeda1300 gale13.. speakc1300 speaking1303 ledenc1320 talea1325 parliamentc1325 winda1330 sermoningc1330 saying1340 melinga1375 talkingc1386 wordc1390 prolationa1393 carpinga1400 eloquencec1400 utteringc1400 language?c1450 reporturec1475 parleyc1490 locutionc1500 talk1539 discourse1545 report1548 tonguec1550 deliverance1553 oration1555 delivery1577 parling1582 parle1584 conveying1586 passage1598 perlocution1599 wording1604 bursta1616 ventilation1615 loquency1623 voicinga1626 verbocination1653 loquence1677 pronunciation1686 loquel1694 jawinga1731 talkee-talkee?1740 vocification1743 talkation1781 voicing1822 utterancy1827 voicing1831 the spoken word1832 outness1851 verbalization1851 voice1855 outgiving1865 stringing1886 praxis1950 1950 Mod. Philol. 47 iv. 243/1 I have already distinguished, in the first part of this essay, between speech as action (praxis) and speech as meaningful (lexis). 1967 G. Steiner Lang. & Silence 43 Large areas of meaning and praxis now belong to such non-verbal languages as mathematics, symbolic logic, and formulas of chemical or electronic relation. 1983 R. E. Ziegler in Verbatim Summer 14/1 Even in commercials that concentrate on praxis, one can see how language often functions as the medium by which the results that one desires are finally attained. 1993 P. Auer et al. Rhythm &Tempo of Spoken Interaction i. 5 The distinction between linguistic praxis and language as the system that informs it collapses at precisely those points where the meaning of a sentence cannot be calculated..from the meaning of its lexical components. d. Action entailed, required, or produced by a theory, or by particular circumstances. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > pragmatism > [noun] > praxeology > elements of practical activity1913 pragmatization1948 praxis1953 1953 E. L. Allen Existentialism from Within ii. 27 The Greeks did not speak of ‘things’ but of pragmata, implying that I have to do something (praxis) about them. 1962 J. Macquarrie & E. Robinson tr. Heidegger's Being & Time ii. iv. 409 What is decisive in the ‘emergence’ of the theoretical attitude would then lie in the disappearance of praxis. 1972 P. Piccone & J. E. Hansen tr. E. Paci Function of Sci. iii. xix. 360 Science loses its function and society hides the meaning of praxis through technistic ideology. 1989 G. Steiner Real Presences i. vii. 46 The only reasonable answer..is pragmatic and professional. ‘The termination of analysis is..a matter of praxis.’ e. The performance of voluntary or skilful actions; purposive movement. Cf. apraxia n. ΚΠ 1966 B. Haigh tr. A. R. Luria Human Brain & Psychol. Processes i. 42 At first glance it may appear that lesions situated in very different parts of the brain may lead to a disturbance of praxis. 1968 J. M. Heaton Eye iii. 46 Thus, even at this early age, praxis has emerged, i.e. the activity of looking has become meaningful, an end in itself to the infant. 1989 Brain 112 967 Praxis, particularly limb praxis, seems frequently to be spared in cases of crossed aphasia. 2004 Jrnl. Speech, Lang. & Hearing Res. (Nexis) 1 Feb. 33 The Test of Oral and Limb Apraxia (Helm-Estabrooks, 1992) was administered to evaluate oral and limb praxis on gesture-to-command and imitation tasks. †2. a. An example or collection of examples to serve for practice or exercise in a subject, esp. in grammar. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > [noun] > examples for grammatical practice praxis1612 society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > exercises or homework lesson?c1225 renderc1380 vulgars1520 practicec1541 theme1545 example1562 tax1564 repetition1579 exercise1612 praxis1612 recreation1633 pensum1667 vacation-exercisea1668 version1711 task1737 thesisa1774 dictation1789 challenging1825 holiday task1827 devoir1849 homework1852 vulgus1857 cram-book1858 rep1858 banco1862 prep1866 classwork1867 preparation1875 work card1878 vacation-task1904 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xx. 235 Perfected and adioyned as a praxis in the end of the Radices. 1622 J. Brinsley Consol. Gram. School 62 If you desire a praxis of..the chief rules of the Syntax..take Maister Leeches Dialogues. 1702 tr. W. Oughtred Key Math. xv. 69 So √qqA and √ccBq are to be reduced to √cccAc and √cccBqq. As you may see in the following Praxis. 1762 R. Lowth Short Introd. Eng. Gram. 173 A Praxis, or Example of Grammatical Resolution. 1779 Beattie Let. in Forbes Life (1806) II. 42 I..send you inclosed a little book, containing about two hundred, with a praxis at the end, which will perhaps amuse you. 1843 W. Baillie (title) The first twelve psalms in Hebrew, with..grammatical praxis. b. A means or instrument of practice or exercise in a subject; a working model. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > practice, exercise, or doing > [noun] > means or instrument of praxisa1677 a1677 T. Manton Pract. Expos. Isaiah (1703) 298 It giveth out divers Lessons, for Christ's Life is a Praxis of Divinity, and the Rules of Religion exemplified. 1751 J. Harris Hermes Pref. p. xiii They [sc. mathematics] are the noblest Praxis of Logic, or universal Reasoning. 1786–97 J. Gillies tr. Aristotle Ethics & Polit. II. 348 The pleadings of the Ancients were praxises of the art of oratorical persuasion. 1800 T. Jefferson Writings (1893–9) VII. 429 It [sc. a Parliamentary Manual] may do good by presenting to the different legislative bodies a chaste Praxis. 1843 J. Holland Brit. Psalmists I. 10 The following is a praxis of the First Psalm. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1586
随便看	ostjuden ostler ostler ale ostler boy ostler lad ostler-house ostler-wife ostler-wise ostleress ostleresses ostlerhouse ostlering ostlers ostlerwife ostlerwise ostman ostmannic ostmark ostmarks ostomachy ostomate ostomates ostomies ostomy ostour