pothern.

Brit.

/ˈpɒðə/,

/ˈpʌðə/, U.S.

/ˈpɑðər/,

/ˈpəðər/

Forms:

α. 1600s bother (apparently transcription error), 1600s powther, 1600s (1800s– English regional (Cheshire)) poother, 1600s– pother, 1600s– puther.

β. 1600s– pudder.

Origin: Of unknown origin.

Etymology: Origin unknown. Compare pother v.Historically pother rhymes with other adj., brother n., etc. (compare e.g. quots. 1656 at sense 1c, 1738 at sense 1c, 1790 at sense 1aα. , 1783 at sense 1bα. , and also forms in -u- ). The later pronunciation /ˈpɒðə(r)/ appears to be a spelling pronunciation, perhaps influenced by association with bother n. (and of pother v. likewise with bother v.); it is found in rhymes from at least the beginning of the 19th cent. With the β forms compare variants at other adj., brother n., etc. The apparently erroneous form bother at α. forms (see the variant reading in quot. 1689 at sense 1bα. ) is attested in a carelessly transcribed manuscript source with several instances of exchange of initial p and b . Original identity with powder n.¹, though suggested by the sense ‘dust’, seems unlikely on phonological grounds. Compare powder n.²

a. Disturbance, turmoil, bustle; noise, tumult; an instance of this, a din, an uproar.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [noun]

winOE

disturbance1297

perturbingc1395

motiona1398

stirrage1513

turmoil1526

disquietness1535

buskling1546

jumbling1562

agitation1569

working1575

tumult1580

commotion1592

emotion1594

turbulence1598

bransle1603

pother1603

tumultuousnessa1617

unevennessa1637

unquietudea1639

disquietal1642

tumbling1660

disquietude1709

rouse1764

maelstrom1834

peacelessness1852

stir-up1900

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > violent or tumultuous action or outbreak

turmoil1526

tumult1580

hurlement1585

pother1603

hurricane1639

burst1649

flare-up1837

firestorm1957

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > confused sound > [noun] > uproar or tumult

brack?c1200

ludea1275

ludingc1275

grede13..

to-doc1330

stevenc1385

ruitc1390

shoutingc1405

rumourc1425

dirdumc1440

shout1487

rippit?1507

glamer?a1513

rangat?a1513

reird?a1513

larumc1515

reirdour1535

uproar1544

clamouring1548

racket1565

baldare1582

rack jack1582

rufflery1582

pother1603

rut1607

clamorousnessa1617

hurricane1639

clutter1656

flaw1676

splutter1677

rout1684

hirdum-dirdum1724

fracas1727

collieshangie1737

racketing1760

hullabaloo1762

hurly1806

bobbery1816

trevally1819

pandemonium1827

hurly-burly1830

outroar1845

on-ding1871

tow-row1877

ruckus1885

molrowing1892

rookus1892

rux1918

α.

1603 T. Winter tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Second Day of First Weeke 39 Another Keepes with his armes and legs a swimming pother Whereby he may resist the waters wrath.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) ii. i. 215 Such a poother, As if that whatsoeuer God, who leades him, Were slyly crept into his humane powers, And gaue him gracefull posture.

1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin ii. 249 But Oh! these Chanters, Chanons make a Pother, A Dog can't rest, whilst one worries another.

1709 O. Dykes Eng. Proverbs (ed. 2) 308 What a Noise and Pother do our Hawkers make in a Hurry about the Streets with their News-Books.

1790 A. Shirrefs Poems 343 What in the main is all their pother But borrowing from one another?

1825 H. Smith Gaieties & Gravities I. 139 Didst thou not hear the pother o'er thy head When..Cambyses, March'd armies o'er thy tomb with thundering tread?

1898 F. T. Bullen Cruise ‘Cachalot’ viii. 72 Smiting the sea with his mighty tail, making an almost deafening noise and pother.

1949 F. Towers Tea with Mr. Rochester (1952) 93 Heavens, what a pother, what a hue-and-cry there must be at home this very moment!

1992 G. Adair Post-modernist always rings Twice 2 Not only were they not a solution to all the pother and ado of my resettlement.

β. a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) iii. ii. 50 Let the great Goddes That keepe this dreadfull pudder [1608 Powther; 1619 Thundring] o're our heads, Finde out their enemies now.1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus Daphnis & Chloe 189 A busie noise, tumultuous pudder of carriages.1671 J. Crowne Juliana i. 4 Here's a pudder, ho! see if none of my Cups, or Silver Spoons be missing.1770 A. Brice Mobiad v. 123 To bark so harsh, so horrible, a Din. 'Tis Bliss, they deem..And foulest Pudder recreates their Soul.1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. xv. 330 The pony, hearing this pudder over his head.1875 ‘S. Gilpin’ Pop. Poetry Cumberland & Lake Country 69 Aw th' house was in a pudder.1950 R. P. Warren World Enough & Time ix. 327 For the moment I did not know why I had come here, or what need had brought me, for the idea by which man would live gets lost in the jostle and pudder of things.2001 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 29 May 10 The pudder and whirring of the helicopter, the roaring of its engines.

b. A verbal commotion or fuss; meaningless or useless words; blather, verbiage.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [noun] > abundance of vocabulary > flow of words > verbal commotion or fuss

pother1609

α.

1632 P. Massinger Emperour of East iv. iv. sig. K2^v All this pother for an apple?

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 481 When Heathen Authority hath kept all the Puther it can, with their Amphion and Orpheus.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 4 Some hold the one, and some the other: But howsoe're they make a pother, The difference was so small.

1689 Irish Hudibras 153 There are two famous Gates of Sleep... The first whereof is built of Horn, Through which all's true, that e're was born: The other made of Ivory, The Sally-port of Forgery; Where it no sooner makes a pother [c1675 Purgatorium Hibernicum bother] In one Ear, but goes out at t'other.

1783 Trifler No. 13. 175 Your Sister too would make a pother, She'd never brook to call him Brother.

1822 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 12 Jan. 1/2 I love you—with ardour I swear it, Then pry'thee don't make such a pother.

1850 J. S. Blackie in tr. Æschylus Lyrical Dramas I. Pref. 57 With high-sounding words he will make such a pother.

1931 V. Sackville-West All Passion Spent ii. 159 What a pother, she thought, women make about marriage.

1966 M. R. D. Foot SOE in France xi. 384 There was some unnecessary pother over this.

1991 S. Faludi Backlash i. iii. 50 Young women, magazine writers informed, no longer wanted to be bothered with ‘all that feminist pother’.

β. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 23 In this pudder of different opinions, recourse is had to the Great Oracle.1631 R. Brathwait Whimzies xx. 158 A terrible pudder hee keepes with his repledges and distresses.1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy II. ii. 16 What a pudder and racket in Councils about οὐσὶα and ὑπόστασις.1813 C. Lamb in Examiner 26 Sept. 620/2 Dryden, in his inspired Ode, and Collier in all this pudder of prose, meant the same thing.1858 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem I. lvii. 223 A mortal pudder has been raised against so harmless a proposal, as that the community should have the relief [etc.].1932 R. Macaulay They were Defeated i. vi. 45 I'm not one of your pious painful strivers that make a great ado and pudder to win heaven.1994 Times 16 May 35/8 How to express the romance and fascination of their ancient mystery without jargon and muddy diggers' pudder.

c. Mental or emotional disturbance; a state of agitation, worry, or concern; a ‘flap’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > [noun]

stirringc888

maleasea1300

uneasea1300

diseasec1330

perturbationa1382

unrestfulnessc1384

disturbancea1387

unroc1390

distroublancea1400

perturbancec1425

unquietnessc1460

inquietation1461

conturbationc1470

unheart's-ease1470

distroubling1487

wanease15..

inquietness?1504

unrufe1508

sturt1513

pertroublancea1522

inquieting1527

unquieting1548

turmoiling1550

unquiet1551

agitation?1555

storm1569

wanrest1570

discountenance1577

float1579

disquiet1581

brangling1584

diseasefulnessa1586

restlessness1597

hurry1600

disturbancy1603

disquietment1606

disordera1616

laruma1616

uneasinessa1616

diseasementa1617

discomposture1622

discomposition1624

whirr1628

discomposednessa1631

discomposure1632

pother1638

incomposedness1653

inquietude1658

uneasefulness1661

toss1666

disquietednessa1680

intranquillitya1699

disquietude1709

bosom-broil1742

discomfort1779

rufflement1806

feeze1825

uncomfortableness1828

discomforture1832

astasia1839

dysphoria1842

purr1842

peacelessness1852

palaver1899

perturbment1901

heebie-jeebies1923

wahala1966

agita1979

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > [noun]

carea1000

sorrowingOE

meaninga1200

moan?c1225

mourning?c1225

plaint?c1225

ruthc1225

weimerc1230

mean?c1250

sorrow?c1250

dolec1290

plainingc1300

woec1300

dolourc1320

mourna1350

waymentingc1350

penancec1380

complaintc1384

lamentationc1384

complainingc1385

moaninga1400

waiminga1400

waymenta1400

waymentationc1400

dillc1420

merourec1429

plainc1475

regratec1480

complainc1485

regretc1500

lamenting1513

doleance1524

deploration1533

deplorement1593

condolement1602

regreeting1606

imploration1607

pother1638

dolinga1668

moanification1827

dolence1861

1638 J. Ford Fancies iii. 43 Yet love and judgement may helpe all this pudder.

1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 4 Being scarr'd..by the pangs, and gripes of a boyling conscience, all in a pudder shuffles up to himselfe such a God, and such a worship as is most agreeable to remedy his feare.

1656 S. Holland Don Zara i. vi. 47 Of Sorrow, making a most grievous puther [rhyme Mother].

1738 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 43/1 Well! if all husbands keep so great a pother, I'll live unmarried—till I get another.

1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk (1869) 2nd Ser. vii. 143 This coil and mighty pudder in the breast.

1890 J. Brown Literae Laureatae 78 In such a puther mother rose.

1935 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 20 Mar. 9/1 This business of outlawing heart balm suits had the New York State Legislature all in a pother today.

1956 N. Cunard GM v. 58 He was in a pother lest I should think he had given me away.

2005 Hill (Washington, D.C.) (Nexis) 11 May 27 Swimmers were in a pother last week over scheduled repairs that would have emptied the pool.

2. A smoky or dusty atmosphere; a choking cloud of dust, smoke, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > dust > cloud of

cloud1382

stew1487

dust1581

pother1627

reek1854

calina1887

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke > dense or suffocating

smotherc1175

smoulderc1325

smore1393

pother1627

stife1636

smudge1767

smoor1894

1627 M. Drayton Nimphidia in Battaile Agincourt 133 The Poke, Which out of it sent such a smoke, As ready was them all to choke, So greeuous was the pother.

1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 4 To lay the dust and pudder in antiquity, which he and his..are wont to raise.

1715 L. Theobald tr. Aristophanes Plutus iv. i. 39 I could not bear the smoke and the pother.

1750 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman VII. 52 Burn under them damp Straw, Saw-dust, or such-like fuel, to cause a Pother, and yield a great deal of smoke.

1866 R. Hallam Wadsley Jack ix. 44 He worn't long afore he wor sawderin' a kettle spawt, an' kickin' up a bonny puther i' t' place.

1885 R. L. Stevenson & F. Stevenson Dynamiter (1908) 41 I saw a plain, honest-looking man ride slowly up the road in a great pother of dust.

1926 D. H. Lawrence Plumed Serpent xix. 318 Away up the road was a puther of dust, then the flash of glass as the automobile turned.

1981 J. May Many-colored Land ii. xii. 209 They bounced off a rock face, completely drowned in the opaque pother.

2002 Lincs. Echo (Nexis) 23 Dec. 15 The first thing that I saw was a puther of smoke rising from the Ark Royal's funnel.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

potherv.

Brit.

/ˈpɒðə/,

/ˈpʌðə/, U.S.

/ˈpɑðər/,

/ˈpəðər/

Forms:

α. 1600s poder, 1600s 1800s pudder; Scottish 1700s powder, 1800s podder.

β. 1600s– pother, 1800s– puther (English regional (northern and midlands)); Scottish 1700s pewther, 1700s 1900s– pother, 1700s–1800s peuther, 1800s peuter, 1800s pewter, 1800s pouther, 1800s– puther.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pother n.

Etymology: Apparently < pother n. Compare slightly earlier pothering n. Perhaps compare pudder v. Perhaps also influenced semantically by association with potter v.

1. transitive. To put (a person) into a pother; to fluster, worry; to perplex, confuse.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > cause nervous excitement or agitate [verb (transitive)]

to carry away?1529

agitate1591

fermentate1599

tumultuate1616

alarm1620

overwork1645

uncalm1650

flutter1664

pother1692

to set afloata1713

fluctuate1788

fuss1816

tumult1819

to break up1825

rile1857

to steam up1860

to shake up1884

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)]

to-wendc893

mingeOE

dreveOE

angerc1175

sturb?c1225

worec1225

troublec1230

sturble1303

disturbc1305

movea1325

disturblec1330

drubblea1340

drovec1350

distroublec1369

tempestc1374

outsturba1382

unresta1382

stroublec1384

unquietc1384

conturb1393

mismaya1400

unquemea1400

uneasec1400

discomfita1425

smite?a1425

perturbc1425

pertrouble?1435

inquiet1486

toss1526

alter1529

disquiet1530

turmoil1530

perturbate1533

broil1548

mis-set?1553

shake1567

parbruilyiec1586

agitate1587

roil1590

transpose1594

discompose1603

harrow1609

hurry1611

obturb1623

shog1636

untune1638

alarm1649

disorder1655

begruntlea1670

pother1692

disconcert1695

ruffle1701

tempestuate1702

rough1777

caddle1781

to put out1796

upset1805

discomfort1806

start1821

faze1830

bother1832

to put aback1833

to put about1843

raft1844

queer1845

rattle1865

to turn over1865

untranquillize1874

hack1881

rock1881

to shake up1884

to put off1909

to go (also pass) through a phase1913

to weird out1970

1692 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §72 If at that Time he forces himself to it, he only pothers and wearies himself to no purpose.

c1698 J. Locke Thoughts on Conduct of Understanding §13 He..will abound in contrary Observations, that can be of no other Use but to perplex and pudder him if he compares them.

1795 S. Birch Adopted Child i. 10 At his old employment, his pencils and his compasses, and I don't know what, pothering his poor little brains.

1845 J. A. Heroud Salvator iv. 114 The doubt that even then pothered my poor brains, whether it were not wiser to leap the precipice..than still to endure this idle life and its unsatisfied wants.

1860 R. W. Emerson Wealth in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 105 But how can Cockayne..be pothered with fatting..oxen?

1904 M. Hewlett Queen's Quair ii. x. 324 Sir James all pothered to reply; rare for him.

1986 Financial Post (Canada) (Nexis) 10 Nov. c23 Even our Canadian equity markets..didn't seem unduly pothered.

a. intransitive. To make a fuss; to fuss, worry; to puzzle, expend mental effort (over something).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > be in state of nervous excitement [verb (intransitive)]

to take ona1450

seethe1609

trepidate1623

to take on oneself1632

flutter1668

pother1715

to be upon the nettle (also in a nettle)1723

to be nerve all over1778

to be all nerve1819

to be (all) on wires1824

to break up1825

to carry on1828

to be on (occasionally upon or on the) edge1872

faff1874

to have kittens1900

flap1910

to be in, get in(to), a flap1939

to go sparec1942

to keep (also blow, lose) one's cool1964

faffle1965

to get one's knickers in a twist1971

to have a canary1971

to wet one's pants1979

tweak1981

1715 Censor 1 9 A Coal..makes me start up from that Posture of Austerity, to settle the Fire in better Order; to which End I pother till I stir it out.

1735 R. Savage Progress of Divine 361 Detach the sense, and pother o'er the text.

1778 G. L. Way Learning at Loss I. 32 I found the old Gentleman..pothering over the Newspaper.

1895 R. Burton in Forum (N.Y.) Apr. 251 It is idle to pother with secondary causes when here is the native source.

1903 F. McCaleb Aaron Burr Conspiracy (1936) ii. 39 Cheatham and Callender never pothered over uncertainties.

1994 Washington Times (Nexis) 8 Feb. a18 While the law jockeys pothered over many an obscure topic, one panel discussion managed to make the headlines.

†b. transitive. To obtain with mental effort. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > find out, discover [verb (transitive)] > by worrying

pother1730

1730 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth (ed. 2) 167 He must pother the Meaning..out of a Dictionary.

3. intransitive. Usually in form puther. Chiefly English regional (northern and midlands) and Scottish. To move in a cloud, as smoke, dust, etc.; to roll, pour, billow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > move to and fro or up and down [verb (intransitive)] > undulate

roll1565

billow1628

undulate1664

wave1667

pother1817

boil1882

1817 [implied in: I. D'Israeli tr. Athenæus in Curiosities of Lit. 1st Ser. III. 240 A multitude confused of pothering odours! (at pothering adj.)].

1861 ‘T. Treddlehoyle’ Bairnsla Foaks' Ann. 15 Saein a cload a smook puthering aht ov a door way.

1896 G. F. Northall Warwickshire Word-bk. 185 The wind made the dust puther along the lane.

1896 Pogmoor Olmenack 20 T'factry hands wor all puthering aht.

1986 Jrnl. Lancs Dial. Soc. Mar. 27 T'smoke cum putherin' down an' very near choked me.

2004 C. Brown Of Ghosts & Faeries 212 They..were carrying on with their conversations despite the black smoke puthering from the gap under the cellar door.

Derivatives

potheˈration n. [after botheration n.] chiefly English regional confusion, turmoil, trouble.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun]

winOE

torpelness?c1225

disturbance1297

workc1325

disturblingc1330

farec1330

frapec1330

disturbing1340

troublingc1340

blunderc1375

unresta1382

hurling1387

perturbationc1400

turbationc1400

rumblec1405

roara1413

rumourc1425

sturblance1435

troublec1435

stroublance1439

hurlc1440

hurly-burlyc1440

ruffling1440

stourc1440

rumblingc1450

sturbancec1450

unquietness?c1450

conturbationc1470

ruption1483

stir1487

wanrufe?a1505

rangat?a1513

business1514

turmoil1526

blommera1529

blunderinga1529

disturbation1529

bruyllie1535

garboil1543

bruslery1546

agitation1547

frayment1549

turmoiling1550

whirl1552

confusion1555

troublesomeness1561

rule1567

rummage1575

rabble1579

tumult1580

hurlement1585

rabblement1590

disturb1595

welter1596

coil1599

hurly1600

hurry1600

commotion1616

remotion1622

obturbation1623

stirrance1623

tumultuation1631

commoving1647

roiling1647

spudder1650

suffle1650

dissettlement1654

perturbancy1654

fermentationa1661

dissettledness1664

ferment1672

roil1690

hurry-scurry1753

vortex1761

rumpus1768

widdle1789

gilravagea1796

potheration1797

moil1824

festerment1833

burly1835

fidge1886

static1923

comess1944

frammis1946

bassa-bassa1956

1797 E. Wynne Jrnl. 5 Feb. in A. Fremantle Wynne Diaries (1937) II. 166 We cannot make out who she belongs to now, it is a great confusion and potheration.

1839 A. Lister Diary Oct. in www.herstoryuntold.org.uk (O.E.D. Archive) The man must have been a little beside himself this morning; for nothing called for such a potheration.

1872 W. Deering Seven Diagrams (ed. 2) 46 So adieu to the potheration and on for the arithmetic—the superiority in pounds avoirdupois of No. 7 over No. 1 in yonder old tatterdemalion in the quagmire.

1901 Essex Herald 9 Apr. 2/5 All the potheration had been purposely caused by the master of the house.

1971 J. Aiken Cuckoo Tree i. 27 ‘For mussy's sake,’ thought Dido, ‘what a potheration!’

ˈpotherment n. English regional (northern) (now rare) petty trouble, bother, confusion; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > [noun] > petty annoyance

botheration1797

potherment1855

pinpricking1864

1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 133 Potherments, perplexities, troubles.

1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 98/1 Potherment, petty trouble, worry, annoyance.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pother
释义	pothern. Brit. /ˈpɒðə/, /ˈpʌðə/, U.S. /ˈpɑðər/, /ˈpəðər/ Forms: α. 1600s bother (apparently transcription error), 1600s powther, 1600s (1800s– English regional (Cheshire)) poother, 1600s– pother, 1600s– puther. β. 1600s– pudder. Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. Compare pother v.Historically pother rhymes with other adj., brother n., etc. (compare e.g. quots. 1656 at sense 1c, 1738 at sense 1c, 1790 at sense 1aα. , 1783 at sense 1bα. , and also forms in -u- ). The later pronunciation /ˈpɒðə(r)/ appears to be a spelling pronunciation, perhaps influenced by association with bother n. (and of pother v. likewise with bother v.); it is found in rhymes from at least the beginning of the 19th cent. With the β forms compare variants at other adj., brother n., etc. The apparently erroneous form bother at α. forms (see the variant reading in quot. 1689 at sense 1bα. ) is attested in a carelessly transcribed manuscript source with several instances of exchange of initial p and b . Original identity with powder n.¹, though suggested by the sense ‘dust’, seems unlikely on phonological grounds. Compare powder n.² 1. a. Disturbance, turmoil, bustle; noise, tumult; an instance of this, a din, an uproar. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [noun] winOE disturbance1297 perturbingc1395 motiona1398 stirrage1513 turmoil1526 disquietness1535 buskling1546 jumbling1562 agitation1569 working1575 tumult1580 commotion1592 emotion1594 turbulence1598 bransle1603 pother1603 tumultuousnessa1617 unevennessa1637 unquietudea1639 disquietal1642 tumbling1660 disquietude1709 rouse1764 maelstrom1834 peacelessness1852 stir-up1900 the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > violent or tumultuous action or outbreak turmoil1526 tumult1580 hurlement1585 pother1603 hurricane1639 burst1649 flare-up1837 firestorm1957 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > confused sound > [noun] > uproar or tumult brack?c1200 ludea1275 ludingc1275 grede13.. to-doc1330 stevenc1385 ruitc1390 shoutingc1405 rumourc1425 dirdumc1440 shout1487 rippit?1507 glamer?a1513 rangat?a1513 reird?a1513 larumc1515 reirdour1535 uproar1544 clamouring1548 racket1565 baldare1582 rack jack1582 rufflery1582 pother1603 rut1607 clamorousnessa1617 hurricane1639 clutter1656 flaw1676 splutter1677 rout1684 hirdum-dirdum1724 fracas1727 collieshangie1737 racketing1760 hullabaloo1762 hurly1806 bobbery1816 trevally1819 pandemonium1827 hurly-burly1830 outroar1845 on-ding1871 tow-row1877 ruckus1885 molrowing1892 rookus1892 rux1918 α. 1603 T. Winter tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Second Day of First Weeke 39 Another Keepes with his armes and legs a swimming pother Whereby he may resist the waters wrath. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) ii. i. 215 Such a poother, As if that whatsoeuer God, who leades him, Were slyly crept into his humane powers, And gaue him gracefull posture. View more context for this quotation 1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin ii. 249 But Oh! these Chanters, Chanons make a Pother, A Dog can't rest, whilst one worries another. 1709 O. Dykes Eng. Proverbs (ed. 2) 308 What a Noise and Pother do our Hawkers make in a Hurry about the Streets with their News-Books. 1790 A. Shirrefs Poems 343 What in the main is all their pother But borrowing from one another? 1825 H. Smith Gaieties & Gravities I. 139 Didst thou not hear the pother o'er thy head When..Cambyses, March'd armies o'er thy tomb with thundering tread? 1898 F. T. Bullen Cruise ‘Cachalot’ viii. 72 Smiting the sea with his mighty tail, making an almost deafening noise and pother. 1949 F. Towers Tea with Mr. Rochester (1952) 93 Heavens, what a pother, what a hue-and-cry there must be at home this very moment! 1992 G. Adair Post-modernist always rings Twice 2 Not only were they not a solution to all the pother and ado of my resettlement. β. a1616 W. Shakespeare King Lear (1623) iii. ii. 50 Let the great Goddes That keepe this dreadfull pudder [1608 Powther; 1619 Thundring] o're our heads, Finde out their enemies now.1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus Daphnis & Chloe 189 A busie noise, tumultuous pudder of carriages.1671 J. Crowne Juliana i. 4 Here's a pudder, ho! see if none of my Cups, or Silver Spoons be missing.1770 A. Brice Mobiad v. 123 To bark so harsh, so horrible, a Din. 'Tis Bliss, they deem..And foulest Pudder recreates their Soul.1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. xv. 330 The pony, hearing this pudder over his head.1875 ‘S. Gilpin’ Pop. Poetry Cumberland & Lake Country 69 Aw th' house was in a pudder.1950 R. P. Warren World Enough & Time ix. 327 For the moment I did not know why I had come here, or what need had brought me, for the idea by which man would live gets lost in the jostle and pudder of things.2001 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 29 May 10 The pudder and whirring of the helicopter, the roaring of its engines. b. A verbal commotion or fuss; meaningless or useless words; blather, verbiage. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > [noun] > abundance of vocabulary > flow of words > verbal commotion or fuss pother1609 α. 1632 P. Massinger Emperour of East iv. iv. sig. K2^v All this pother for an apple? 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 481 When Heathen Authority hath kept all the Puther it can, with their Amphion and Orpheus. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 4 Some hold the one, and some the other: But howsoe're they make a pother, The difference was so small. 1689 Irish Hudibras 153 There are two famous Gates of Sleep... The first whereof is built of Horn, Through which all's true, that e're was born: The other made of Ivory, The Sally-port of Forgery; Where it no sooner makes a pother [c1675 Purgatorium Hibernicum bother] In one Ear, but goes out at t'other. 1783 Trifler No. 13. 175 Your Sister too would make a pother, She'd never brook to call him Brother. 1822 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 12 Jan. 1/2 I love you—with ardour I swear it, Then pry'thee don't make such a pother. 1850 J. S. Blackie in tr. Æschylus Lyrical Dramas I. Pref. 57 With high-sounding words he will make such a pother. 1931 V. Sackville-West All Passion Spent ii. 159 What a pother, she thought, women make about marriage. 1966 M. R. D. Foot SOE in France xi. 384 There was some unnecessary pother over this. 1991 S. Faludi Backlash i. iii. 50 Young women, magazine writers informed, no longer wanted to be bothered with ‘all that feminist pother’. β. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 23 In this pudder of different opinions, recourse is had to the Great Oracle.1631 R. Brathwait Whimzies xx. 158 A terrible pudder hee keepes with his repledges and distresses.1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy II. ii. 16 What a pudder and racket in Councils about οὐσὶα and ὑπόστασις.1813 C. Lamb in Examiner 26 Sept. 620/2 Dryden, in his inspired Ode, and Collier in all this pudder of prose, meant the same thing.1858 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem I. lvii. 223 A mortal pudder has been raised against so harmless a proposal, as that the community should have the relief [etc.].1932 R. Macaulay They were Defeated i. vi. 45 I'm not one of your pious painful strivers that make a great ado and pudder to win heaven.1994 Times 16 May 35/8 How to express the romance and fascination of their ancient mystery without jargon and muddy diggers' pudder. c. Mental or emotional disturbance; a state of agitation, worry, or concern; a ‘flap’. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > [noun] stirringc888 maleasea1300 uneasea1300 diseasec1330 perturbationa1382 unrestfulnessc1384 disturbancea1387 unroc1390 distroublancea1400 perturbancec1425 unquietnessc1460 inquietation1461 conturbationc1470 unheart's-ease1470 distroubling1487 wanease15.. inquietness?1504 unrufe1508 sturt1513 pertroublancea1522 inquieting1527 unquieting1548 turmoiling1550 unquiet1551 agitation?1555 storm1569 wanrest1570 discountenance1577 float1579 disquiet1581 brangling1584 diseasefulnessa1586 restlessness1597 hurry1600 disturbancy1603 disquietment1606 disordera1616 laruma1616 uneasinessa1616 diseasementa1617 discomposture1622 discomposition1624 whirr1628 discomposednessa1631 discomposure1632 pother1638 incomposedness1653 inquietude1658 uneasefulness1661 toss1666 disquietednessa1680 intranquillitya1699 disquietude1709 bosom-broil1742 discomfort1779 rufflement1806 feeze1825 uncomfortableness1828 discomforture1832 astasia1839 dysphoria1842 purr1842 peacelessness1852 palaver1899 perturbment1901 heebie-jeebies1923 wahala1966 agita1979 the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > [noun] carea1000 sorrowingOE meaninga1200 moan?c1225 mourning?c1225 plaint?c1225 ruthc1225 weimerc1230 mean?c1250 sorrow?c1250 dolec1290 plainingc1300 woec1300 dolourc1320 mourna1350 waymentingc1350 penancec1380 complaintc1384 lamentationc1384 complainingc1385 moaninga1400 waiminga1400 waymenta1400 waymentationc1400 dillc1420 merourec1429 plainc1475 regratec1480 complainc1485 regretc1500 lamenting1513 doleance1524 deploration1533 deplorement1593 condolement1602 regreeting1606 imploration1607 pother1638 dolinga1668 moanification1827 dolence1861 1638 J. Ford Fancies iii. 43 Yet love and judgement may helpe all this pudder. 1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 4 Being scarr'd..by the pangs, and gripes of a boyling conscience, all in a pudder shuffles up to himselfe such a God, and such a worship as is most agreeable to remedy his feare. 1656 S. Holland Don Zara i. vi. 47 Of Sorrow, making a most grievous puther [rhyme Mother]. 1738 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 43/1 Well! if all husbands keep so great a pother, I'll live unmarried—till I get another. 1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk (1869) 2nd Ser. vii. 143 This coil and mighty pudder in the breast. 1890 J. Brown Literae Laureatae 78 In such a puther mother rose. 1935 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 20 Mar. 9/1 This business of outlawing heart balm suits had the New York State Legislature all in a pother today. 1956 N. Cunard GM v. 58 He was in a pother lest I should think he had given me away. 2005 Hill (Washington, D.C.) (Nexis) 11 May 27 Swimmers were in a pother last week over scheduled repairs that would have emptied the pool. 2. A smoky or dusty atmosphere; a choking cloud of dust, smoke, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > dust > cloud of cloud1382 stew1487 dust1581 pother1627 reek1854 calina1887 the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke > dense or suffocating smotherc1175 smoulderc1325 smore1393 pother1627 stife1636 smudge1767 smoor1894 1627 M. Drayton Nimphidia in Battaile Agincourt 133 The Poke, Which out of it sent such a smoke, As ready was them all to choke, So greeuous was the pother. 1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 4 To lay the dust and pudder in antiquity, which he and his..are wont to raise. 1715 L. Theobald tr. Aristophanes Plutus iv. i. 39 I could not bear the smoke and the pother. 1750 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman VII. 52 Burn under them damp Straw, Saw-dust, or such-like fuel, to cause a Pother, and yield a great deal of smoke. 1866 R. Hallam Wadsley Jack ix. 44 He worn't long afore he wor sawderin' a kettle spawt, an' kickin' up a bonny puther i' t' place. 1885 R. L. Stevenson & F. Stevenson Dynamiter (1908) 41 I saw a plain, honest-looking man ride slowly up the road in a great pother of dust. 1926 D. H. Lawrence Plumed Serpent xix. 318 Away up the road was a puther of dust, then the flash of glass as the automobile turned. 1981 J. May Many-colored Land ii. xii. 209 They bounced off a rock face, completely drowned in the opaque pother. 2002 Lincs. Echo (Nexis) 23 Dec. 15 The first thing that I saw was a puther of smoke rising from the Ark Royal's funnel. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). potherv. Brit. /ˈpɒðə/, /ˈpʌðə/, U.S. /ˈpɑðər/, /ˈpəðər/ Forms: α. 1600s poder, 1600s 1800s pudder; Scottish 1700s powder, 1800s podder. β. 1600s– pother, 1800s– puther (English regional (northern and midlands)); Scottish 1700s pewther, 1700s 1900s– pother, 1700s–1800s peuther, 1800s peuter, 1800s pewter, 1800s pouther, 1800s– puther. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pother n. Etymology: Apparently < pother n. Compare slightly earlier pothering n. Perhaps compare pudder v. Perhaps also influenced semantically by association with potter v. 1. transitive. To put (a person) into a pother; to fluster, worry; to perplex, confuse. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > cause nervous excitement or agitate [verb (transitive)] to carry away?1529 agitate1591 fermentate1599 tumultuate1616 alarm1620 overwork1645 uncalm1650 flutter1664 pother1692 to set afloata1713 fluctuate1788 fuss1816 tumult1819 to break up1825 rile1857 to steam up1860 to shake up1884 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)] to-wendc893 mingeOE dreveOE angerc1175 sturb?c1225 worec1225 troublec1230 sturble1303 disturbc1305 movea1325 disturblec1330 drubblea1340 drovec1350 distroublec1369 tempestc1374 outsturba1382 unresta1382 stroublec1384 unquietc1384 conturb1393 mismaya1400 unquemea1400 uneasec1400 discomfita1425 smite?a1425 perturbc1425 pertrouble?1435 inquiet1486 toss1526 alter1529 disquiet1530 turmoil1530 perturbate1533 broil1548 mis-set?1553 shake1567 parbruilyiec1586 agitate1587 roil1590 transpose1594 discompose1603 harrow1609 hurry1611 obturb1623 shog1636 untune1638 alarm1649 disorder1655 begruntlea1670 pother1692 disconcert1695 ruffle1701 tempestuate1702 rough1777 caddle1781 to put out1796 upset1805 discomfort1806 start1821 faze1830 bother1832 to put aback1833 to put about1843 raft1844 queer1845 rattle1865 to turn over1865 untranquillize1874 hack1881 rock1881 to shake up1884 to put off1909 to go (also pass) through a phase1913 to weird out1970 1692 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §72 If at that Time he forces himself to it, he only pothers and wearies himself to no purpose. c1698 J. Locke Thoughts on Conduct of Understanding §13 He..will abound in contrary Observations, that can be of no other Use but to perplex and pudder him if he compares them. 1795 S. Birch Adopted Child i. 10 At his old employment, his pencils and his compasses, and I don't know what, pothering his poor little brains. 1845 J. A. Heroud Salvator iv. 114 The doubt that even then pothered my poor brains, whether it were not wiser to leap the precipice..than still to endure this idle life and its unsatisfied wants. 1860 R. W. Emerson Wealth in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 105 But how can Cockayne..be pothered with fatting..oxen? 1904 M. Hewlett Queen's Quair ii. x. 324 Sir James all pothered to reply; rare for him. 1986 Financial Post (Canada) (Nexis) 10 Nov. c23 Even our Canadian equity markets..didn't seem unduly pothered. 2. a. intransitive. To make a fuss; to fuss, worry; to puzzle, expend mental effort (over something). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > be in state of nervous excitement [verb (intransitive)] to take ona1450 seethe1609 trepidate1623 to take on oneself1632 flutter1668 pother1715 to be upon the nettle (also in a nettle)1723 to be nerve all over1778 to be all nerve1819 to be (all) on wires1824 to break up1825 to carry on1828 to be on (occasionally upon or on the) edge1872 faff1874 to have kittens1900 flap1910 to be in, get in(to), a flap1939 to go sparec1942 to keep (also blow, lose) one's cool1964 faffle1965 to get one's knickers in a twist1971 to have a canary1971 to wet one's pants1979 tweak1981 1715 Censor 1 9 A Coal..makes me start up from that Posture of Austerity, to settle the Fire in better Order; to which End I pother till I stir it out. 1735 R. Savage Progress of Divine 361 Detach the sense, and pother o'er the text. 1778 G. L. Way Learning at Loss I. 32 I found the old Gentleman..pothering over the Newspaper. 1895 R. Burton in Forum (N.Y.) Apr. 251 It is idle to pother with secondary causes when here is the native source. 1903 F. McCaleb Aaron Burr Conspiracy (1936) ii. 39 Cheatham and Callender never pothered over uncertainties. 1994 Washington Times (Nexis) 8 Feb. a18 While the law jockeys pothered over many an obscure topic, one panel discussion managed to make the headlines. †b. transitive. To obtain with mental effort. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > find out, discover [verb (transitive)] > by worrying pother1730 1730 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth (ed. 2) 167 He must pother the Meaning..out of a Dictionary. 3. intransitive. Usually in form puther. Chiefly English regional (northern and midlands) and Scottish. To move in a cloud, as smoke, dust, etc.; to roll, pour, billow. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > move to and fro or up and down [verb (intransitive)] > undulate roll1565 billow1628 undulate1664 wave1667 pother1817 boil1882 1817 [implied in: I. D'Israeli tr. Athenæus in Curiosities of Lit. 1st Ser. III. 240 A multitude confused of pothering odours! (at pothering adj.)]. 1861 ‘T. Treddlehoyle’ Bairnsla Foaks' Ann. 15 Saein a cload a smook puthering aht ov a door way. 1896 G. F. Northall Warwickshire Word-bk. 185 The wind made the dust puther along the lane. 1896 Pogmoor Olmenack 20 T'factry hands wor all puthering aht. 1986 Jrnl. Lancs Dial. Soc. Mar. 27 T'smoke cum putherin' down an' very near choked me. 2004 C. Brown Of Ghosts & Faeries 212 They..were carrying on with their conversations despite the black smoke puthering from the gap under the cellar door. Derivatives potheˈration n. [after botheration n.] chiefly English regional confusion, turmoil, trouble. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] winOE torpelness?c1225 disturbance1297 workc1325 disturblingc1330 farec1330 frapec1330 disturbing1340 troublingc1340 blunderc1375 unresta1382 hurling1387 perturbationc1400 turbationc1400 rumblec1405 roara1413 rumourc1425 sturblance1435 troublec1435 stroublance1439 hurlc1440 hurly-burlyc1440 ruffling1440 stourc1440 rumblingc1450 sturbancec1450 unquietness?c1450 conturbationc1470 ruption1483 stir1487 wanrufe?a1505 rangat?a1513 business1514 turmoil1526 blommera1529 blunderinga1529 disturbation1529 bruyllie1535 garboil1543 bruslery1546 agitation1547 frayment1549 turmoiling1550 whirl1552 confusion1555 troublesomeness1561 rule1567 rummage1575 rabble1579 tumult1580 hurlement1585 rabblement1590 disturb1595 welter1596 coil1599 hurly1600 hurry1600 commotion1616 remotion1622 obturbation1623 stirrance1623 tumultuation1631 commoving1647 roiling1647 spudder1650 suffle1650 dissettlement1654 perturbancy1654 fermentationa1661 dissettledness1664 ferment1672 roil1690 hurry-scurry1753 vortex1761 rumpus1768 widdle1789 gilravagea1796 potheration1797 moil1824 festerment1833 burly1835 fidge1886 static1923 comess1944 frammis1946 bassa-bassa1956 1797 E. Wynne Jrnl. 5 Feb. in A. Fremantle Wynne Diaries (1937) II. 166 We cannot make out who she belongs to now, it is a great confusion and potheration. 1839 A. Lister Diary Oct. in www.herstoryuntold.org.uk (O.E.D. Archive) The man must have been a little beside himself this morning; for nothing called for such a potheration. 1872 W. Deering Seven Diagrams (ed. 2) 46 So adieu to the potheration and on for the arithmetic—the superiority in pounds avoirdupois of No. 7 over No. 1 in yonder old tatterdemalion in the quagmire. 1901 Essex Herald 9 Apr. 2/5 All the potheration had been purposely caused by the master of the house. 1971 J. Aiken Cuckoo Tree i. 27 ‘For mussy's sake,’ thought Dido, ‘what a potheration!’ ˈpotherment n. English regional (northern) (now rare) petty trouble, bother, confusion; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > [noun] > petty annoyance botheration1797 potherment1855 pinpricking1864 1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 133 Potherments, perplexities, troubles. 1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 98/1 Potherment, petty trouble, worry, annoyance. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1603v.1692
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