dyslexian.
/dɪsˈlɛksɪə/, U.S. /dəsˈlɛksiə/ 1. Medicine. Impairment or partial loss of the ability to read, acquired after a stroke or other injury to the brain; an instance of this. Cf. alexia n.
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1885 Arch. Ophthalmol. 14 364 Eperon's..case was that of a man aged seventy, who awoke a year ago with right-sided hemiparesis... When the patient came on account of the dyslexia which had existed since then, he was found to be almost completely word-blind.
1892 W. R. Gowers Man. Dis. Nerv. Syst. (ed. 2) I. iii. 297 The cerebral symptom..‘dyslexia’, a peculiar intermitting difficulty in reading.
1921 Lancet 23 Apr. 891/2 Word-blindness varies continuously from a state of profound visual aphasia to a slight degree of dyslexia.
1975 Neuropsychologia 13 281 Subjects with acquired dyslexia sometimes find abstract words more difficult to read than concrete words.
2001 Brain's Dis. Nerv. Syst. (ed. 11) xxvi. 745/1 Acquired disorders of reading, or dyslexias, are commonly found with dysphasias but can present in isolation.
2. Originally: a difficulty in reading or learning to read that is present from childhood. In later use: spec. a learning disability specifically affecting the attainment of literacy, with difficulty esp. in word recognition, spelling, and the conversion of letters to sounds, occurring in a child with otherwise normal development, and now usually regarded as a neurodevelopmental disorder with a genetic component.
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the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > impairment of mental powers > dyslexia, aphasia, or dyscalculia
aphemia1864
agraphia1867
aphasia1867
asymbolia1874
alexia1875
agraphy1879
amusia1890
anomia1897
dyslexia1917
strephosymbolia1925
acalculia1926
dysgraphia1934
dyscalculia1953
1917 J. Hinshelwood Congenital Word-Blindness v. 95 Let us therefore employ the three terms as follows:..congenital dyslexia to be reserved for those slighter degrees of defect, which are much more frequently met with, characterised by a much greater difficulty in learning to read than is experienced by the average child, but not sufficiently grave to be regarded as pathological.
1932 Elem. School Jrnl. 33 295 More recently not only ‘congenital word-blindness’ but also ‘developmental alexia’, ‘congenital aphasia’, ‘dyslexia’, ‘congenital alexia’, ‘strephosymbolia’ and ‘inability to learn to read’ have been employed by psychologists to designate non-readers.
1965 Twin Falls (Idaho) Times-News 24 Oct. 25/4 This neurological malfunction is called dyslexia and apparently is what troubles Cindy.
1994 S. Pinker Lang. Instinct vi. 189 Dyslexia, a presumed congenital difficulty in learning to read even with sufficient teaching, is a severe problem even in industrial societies, found in five to ten percent of the population.
2009 Guardian 7 Jan. 34/4 Concerned about how teachers could identify dyslexia, he developed the Bangor Dyslexia Test.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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