potestasn.

Brit.

/pə(ʊ)ˈtɛstəs/,

/pə(ʊ)ˈtɛstas/, U.S.

/poʊˈtɛstəs/

Inflections: Plural potestates.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin potestās.

Etymology: < classical Latin potestās power, authority, control, position of power, office, ruler, magistrate, spiritual power, property, healing property, phonetic or phonemic value of a letter in an alphabet, in post-classical Latin also member of an order of angels (Vulgate), demon (Vulgate), angel (3rd cent.), magistrate in medieval Italy (12th cent.; 13th cent. in British sources), mathematical power (1686 in a British source) < potis having the power, able (see posse n.¹) + -tās (see -ty suffix¹), perhaps after maiestās (see majesty n.) beside magis more.

†1. Mathematics. A power, an exponent. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > multiplication > into or by itself > product of

power1603

potestas1653

1653 Ld. Brouncker tr. R. Descartes Excellent Compend. Musick 89 The Product of 3.81966,01123 Multiplyed by the Seventeenth Roote of the Fifth Potestas of 2.61803398875..= ZN.

1656 T. Hobbes Six Lessons v. 54 in Elements Philos. The Rootes and Potestates themselves.

1675 J. Collins Let. 30 Sept. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) I. 213 They will both ascend to the 18th potestas of the unknown symbol.

†2. Pharmaceutical power; a source of this, an active principle. Cf. potency n. 3a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > power or essence of drug

potestas1683

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > [noun] > essence or essential principle

quintessencea1475

alcohol1590

tincture1612

potestas1683

exaltation1686

1683 W. Salmon Doron Medicum i. 290 That Potestates or Powers of things are as if they were the Nature.

1700 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana (ed. 2) i. v. 152/1 After the same Manner..prepare the Potestates or Powers of other Vegetable Productions.

3. Roman Law. The power or authority of the head of a family over those legally subject to him; esp. paternal authority. Cf. patria potestas n.In quot. 1816 used humorously for a person who takes responsibility for another's affairs.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > [noun] > authority of head of family

fatherheada1400

fatherhooda1400

patria potestas1681

potestas1816

1816 Ld. Byron Let. 16 May (1976) V. 77 I trust that you will give Spooney a jog as to selling & so forth—& tell my Potestas (Kinnaird) to come the committee over him.

1870 J. T. Abdy & B. Walker tr. Gaius Comm. i. §109. 35 Whereas both males and females may be in our potestas, females alone come into manus.

1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes i. §78 Of opinion that my action is only suspended while the child or slave is in my potestas, because I cannot proceed against myself, but that it revives on the potestal relationship coming to an end.

1922 Man 22 153 Where there had been a formal adoption the ‘child’ adopted passed completely into the potestas of his adopter, and so became in law his son.

1998 J. F. Gardner Family & Familia in Rom. Law & Life Introd. 2 The right to inherit the property of the familia after his death vested primarily in those free persons who had been subject to his potestas.

4. Phonetics. The phonetic or phonemic value of a letter in an alphabet. Chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > phonetic or phonemic value

force1732

potestas1949

1949 J. R. Firth in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1948 135 Each Arabic letter has..syllabic value, the value or potestas in the most general terms being consonant plus vowel, including vowel zero, or zero vowel.

1963 Eng. Stud. 44 4 Thus if there is a contrast..between the North and elsewhere, then..it is best treated as a contrast in graphemes irrespective of their phonemic ‘value’, or, to speak in more mediaeval terms, as a contrast in figurae irrespective of the potestas of each.

1995 A. Fox Ling. Reconstruct. 34 Until the technical term ‘speech sound’ was introduced by phoneticians in the mid-nineteenth century the term ‘letter’ was used consciously and systematically to cover both the written shape (figura) and the spoken sound (potestas) associated with it.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	potestas
释义	potestasn. Brit. /pə(ʊ)ˈtɛstəs/, /pə(ʊ)ˈtɛstas/, U.S. /poʊˈtɛstəs/ Inflections: Plural potestates. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin potestās. Etymology: < classical Latin potestās power, authority, control, position of power, office, ruler, magistrate, spiritual power, property, healing property, phonetic or phonemic value of a letter in an alphabet, in post-classical Latin also member of an order of angels (Vulgate), demon (Vulgate), angel (3rd cent.), magistrate in medieval Italy (12th cent.; 13th cent. in British sources), mathematical power (1686 in a British source) < potis having the power, able (see posse n.¹) + -tās (see -ty suffix¹), perhaps after maiestās (see majesty n.) beside magis more. †1. Mathematics. A power, an exponent. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > multiplication > into or by itself > product of power1603 potestas1653 1653 Ld. Brouncker tr. R. Descartes Excellent Compend. Musick 89 The Product of 3.81966,01123 Multiplyed by the Seventeenth Roote of the Fifth Potestas of 2.61803398875..= ZN. 1656 T. Hobbes Six Lessons v. 54 in Elements Philos. The Rootes and Potestates themselves. 1675 J. Collins Let. 30 Sept. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) I. 213 They will both ascend to the 18th potestas of the unknown symbol. †2. Pharmaceutical power; a source of this, an active principle. Cf. potency n. 3a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > power or essence of drug potestas1683 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > [noun] > essence or essential principle quintessencea1475 alcohol1590 tincture1612 potestas1683 exaltation1686 1683 W. Salmon Doron Medicum i. 290 That Potestates or Powers of things are as if they were the Nature. 1700 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana (ed. 2) i. v. 152/1 After the same Manner..prepare the Potestates or Powers of other Vegetable Productions. 3. Roman Law. The power or authority of the head of a family over those legally subject to him; esp. paternal authority. Cf. patria potestas n.In quot. 1816 used humorously for a person who takes responsibility for another's affairs. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [noun] > authority of head of family fatherheada1400 fatherhooda1400 patria potestas1681 potestas1816 1816 Ld. Byron Let. 16 May (1976) V. 77 I trust that you will give Spooney a jog as to selling & so forth—& tell my Potestas (Kinnaird) to come the committee over him. 1870 J. T. Abdy & B. Walker tr. Gaius Comm. i. §109. 35 Whereas both males and females may be in our potestas, females alone come into manus. 1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes i. §78 Of opinion that my action is only suspended while the child or slave is in my potestas, because I cannot proceed against myself, but that it revives on the potestal relationship coming to an end. 1922 Man 22 153 Where there had been a formal adoption the ‘child’ adopted passed completely into the potestas of his adopter, and so became in law his son. 1998 J. F. Gardner Family & Familia in Rom. Law & Life Introd. 2 The right to inherit the property of the familia after his death vested primarily in those free persons who had been subject to his potestas. 4. Phonetics. The phonetic or phonemic value of a letter in an alphabet. Chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > phonetic or phonemic value force1732 potestas1949 1949 J. R. Firth in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1948 135 Each Arabic letter has..syllabic value, the value or potestas in the most general terms being consonant plus vowel, including vowel zero, or zero vowel. 1963 Eng. Stud. 44 4 Thus if there is a contrast..between the North and elsewhere, then..it is best treated as a contrast in graphemes irrespective of their phonemic ‘value’, or, to speak in more mediaeval terms, as a contrast in figurae irrespective of the potestas of each. 1995 A. Fox Ling. Reconstruct. 34 Until the technical term ‘speech sound’ was introduced by phoneticians in the mid-nineteenth century the term ‘letter’ was used consciously and systematically to cover both the written shape (figura) and the spoken sound (potestas) associated with it. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1653
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