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单词 belgian
释义

Belgiann.adj.

Brit. /ˈbɛldʒ(ə)n/, U.S. /ˈbɛldʒ(ə)n/
Forms: 1500s– Belgian, 1600s–1700s Belgean.
Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Belgium , -an suffix.
Etymology: < the name of Belgium (see Belgium n.) + -an suffix. With use as adjective compare Belgic adj. 2.With use as noun with reference to horses (see sense A. 2b) compare earlier Belgium n. 3. With the form Belgean compare -ean suffix.
A. n.
1. Formerly: †a native or inhabitant of the Low Countries (obsolete). Now: a native or inhabitant of the modern state of Belgium.In quot. 1623: = Belgae n.
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the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of the Low Countries > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Belgium
Belgian1571
Belge1591
1571 E. Newcomen tr. Def. & True Declar. Thinges done in Lowe Countrey sig. G.iv They make a glorious pretence, as though all the Belgians were Lutherans, rebelles, and traytors to the kyngs maiesty.
a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 418 A number of strangers, Polonians, Dences, Belgians and Frenchmen, schollars, wha..cam to the Universitie of St Androis that yeir.
1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. iii Belgeans, People of the low Countries, Somerset-shire, Wiltshire and Hampshire.
1701 E. Settle Scaffold Westminster-Hall 7 The erring Belgians are most Criminal Heads.
1795 tr. in Scots Mag. Oct. 665/1 It is important to us that the Belgeans and people of Liege shall be no further free but as they shall become French.
1815 W. Scott Let. Aug. (1933) IV. 81 The Brunswickers and Hanoverians behaved very well; the Belgians but sorrily enough.
1830 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 5 Oct. Ghent, and all the towns in Flanders, are said to have declared in favour of the Belgians.
1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 708/2 Adolphe Sax, a Belgian established in Paris, who invented the family of saxophones.
1914 Eng. Rev. Sept. 258 We saw young Belgians crowded in trains en route for the front, men who were ‘called up’ against the enemy.
1978 News (Medicine Hat, Alberta) 15 July 5/3 There was a wad of black-market money in the pocket, obtained from a hard-faced Belgian who claimed he was once a mercenary in the Congo.
2010 T. Blair Journey (2011) vi. 180 The Belgian mathematician d'Hondt..can be added to the proud list of famous Belgians.
2.
a. An established breed of fancy canary with a distinctive shape and posture, particularly popular and highly prized during the 19th cent.; a bird of this breed.
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1852 Notts. Guardian 9 Dec. 4/5 1st prize, yellow Belgian, Mr. Bull.
1865 Derby Merc. 25 Jan. The crested Belgians..had five entries.
1923 Canaries (U.S. Dept. Agric.) No. 1327. 4 Its popularity has been on the decline, so that as late as 1911 it was said that few pure-bred Belgians were to be found.
2003 Cage & Aviary Birds 6 Dec. 11/3 Classes were provided for only three breeds of canary: the Belgian, the lizard and the London fancy.
b. The Belgian breed of draught horse; a horse of this breed. See sense B. 2.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by breed > [noun] > miscellaneous breeds
Frison?a1400
jennet1463
garron1540
Galloway1598
ghoonta1613
Goonhilly1640
forester1712
yabu1753
Highland pony1768
Narragansett pacer1777
Suffolk punch1784
Nubian1790
Cleveland bay1796
cob1818
Conestoga1824
marsh tacky1826
Narragansett1826
Russian pony1829
Clydesdale1831
Turkoman1831
Morgan1841
tarpan1841
Waler1849
Percheron1855
Canuck1860
Anglo-Arabian1864
Anglo-Arab1869
Belgium1878
Palouse1881
standardbred1888
Belgium draught horse1889
saddlebred1891
Timor pony1895
Haflinger1899
Argentine1901
Belgian1907
palomino1914
Appaloosa1924
Trakehner1926
Lipizzaner1928
Tennessee walking horse1938
Bhotia1939
cremello1944
Akhal-Teke1947
Palouse horse1947
Tennessee walker1960
Falabella1977
1907 Mich. Farmer 16 Mar. 285 (caption) An Ohio farm team of Belgians weighing 3,400 Lbs., recently sold for $475.
1922 Agric. Index 1919–21 II. 129/1 (heading) Belgians (horses).
1981 Farmstead Mag. Winter 20/2 A really fine team of Belgians may cost as little as $10,000.
2007 D. C. Smith Bk. of Draft Horses ii. 16 The Belgian has maintained its purity as a breed and still resembles the Flanders horse of the Middle Ages.
B. adj.
1. Formerly: †of or relating to the Low Countries (obsolete). Now: of or relating to the modern state of Belgium.
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the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Low Countries > [adjective] > Belgium
Belgian1586
1586 tr. J. F. Salvart Harmony Confessions Faith sig. ¶¶ ijv Receiue with a Christian minde..this most sure token & earnest of the euerlasting friendship of the French and Belgian [L. Belgicarum] Churches with you.
1651 in R. Watkins Newes from Dead 9 That Belgian Headsman, whose rare artfull hand Could slice off heads.
1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 lxxxiv. 52 Two grapling Ætna's on the Ocean meet, And English fires with Belgian flames contend.
1716 J. Gay Trivia ii. 34 The Belgian stove beneath her Footstool glows.
a1750 M. D'Assigny Coll. of Poems (1763) V. 115 Then studious reads what Belgian authors writ, And drains whole nomenclators for their wit.
1830 Standard 5 Oct. The Belgian nation separates itself from Holland, to form a free confederate state.
1840 F. Marryat Olla Podrida III. vi. 53 Belgian flags, of yellow, red, and black.
1882 Society 7 Oct. 5/1 One of the latest forms of amusement at French and Belgian seaside resorts is ‘crab-racing’.
1905 W. H. Simmonds Pract. Grocer III. 88 Limburger is a Belgian cheese of the soft class, which is allowed to ripen before use.
1950 M. L. Coit John C. Calhoun xxii. 373 The bulky letters with the Belgian postmark, addressed in Anna Maria's angular, illegible script.
2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 21 Sept. d6/2 Dozens of Belgian breweries make excellent versions of Trappist ales.
2. Of or designating (an animal of) a large breed of heavy draught horse developed in Belgium, originally known as the Brabant.The Belgian horse is the most popular breed of heavy horse in the United States, where it has been further developed and is now taller and lighter than the modern Brabant of Europe.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by breed > [adjective] > of or like particular breeds
Arabian1588
Arab1718
garronly1740
Shetland1770
Clydesdale1786
Belgian1821
Conestoga1828
Gypsy1856
Anglo-Arab1860
Anglo-Arabian1860
cobby1871
Akhal-Teke1882
criollo1884
saddlebred1891
Lipizzan1948
1821 Amer. Farmer 5 Oct. 222/3 The Belgian horses are excellent in size, shape, and condition.
1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species v. 165 I am not at all satisfied with this theory, and should be loth to apply it to breeds so distinct as the heavy Belgian cart-horse, Welch ponies,..&c.
1903 N.Y. Times 28 July 9/1 Thoroughbred Belgian stallions bring fancy prices to their owners.
1951 E. M. Graham My Window looks down East iv. 31 I saw Carl Urlichson bringing home his fishing boat from the shore on sled runners drawn by a big Belgian horse.
1983 L. R. Miller & K. Gilman Horses at Work 92 (caption) Jess Ross..drives his good Belgian team on a buck rake.
1998 New Yorker 27 July 62/1 It had once housed teams of great blue Percherons and Belgian draft horses.

Compounds

Belgian block n. chiefly U.S. a roughly rectangular paving stone; a sett; frequently attributive.
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1856 N.Y. Daily Times 30 July 7/1 Workmen have begun to pile up in the lower end of Chatham-street..large heaps of the Belgian blocks, preparatory to laying down a new pavement.
1902 Pop. Sci. Jan. 110/1 At this point we rolled onto the Belgian block pavement.
1963 Life Mar. 57/2 They range from smooth concrete down through Belgian block streets to country roads best described as ‘linked potholes’.
2005 New Yorker 7 Feb. 77/1 A bridge that his father..had helped to build, hauling blue-tinged Belgian blocks and tamping them between the trolley tracks.
Belgian Blue n. a large-bodied, double-muscled breed of cattle, typically of a blue-grey colour, and providing a high beef yield; an animal of this breed.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > breeds of ox > [noun] > miscellaneous types of
black cattle1610
horned cattle1725
Suffolk1831
blue-grey1876
criollo1888
Simmental1906
Sahiwal1916
Belgian Blue1917
morucho1932
1917 Live Stock Jrnl. 23 Nov. 331/2 With black-and-white cows he [sc. Mr Nerinckx] obtained grey-blue calves. Several of those have been used to improve the Belgian Blue breed known as the 'Bleu de Mons'.
1957 I. L. Mason World Dict. Breeds Livestock (Suppl.) 7 Central and Upper Belgian... syn. Belgian Blue.
1995 Farmers Weekly 31 Mar. 34/1 Notable prices at a monthly store cattle sale at Norwich were $440 for an eight-month-old Belgian Blue, [etc.].
2008 Independent 7 Jan. (Extra section) 4/2 Another area of concern for welfare campaigners has been the development of ‘double-muscled breeds’, such as Belgian Blue.
Belgian bun n. British a small, sweet bun, sometimes split and filled with cream or custard, containing dried fruit and typically iced and topped with a glacé cherry.The connection to Belgium is unclear.
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the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > bun > [noun]
bun1371
wig1376
barley-bun1552
simnel cake1699
simlin1701
muffin1703
Chelsea bun1711
cross-bun1733
hot cross bun1733
penny bun1777
Sally Lunn1780
huffkin1790
Bath-bun1801
teacake1832
English muffin1842
saffron bun1852
Belgian bun1854
Valentine-bun1854
cinnamon roll1872
lunn1874
Yorkshire teacake1877
barmbrack1878
cinnamon bun1879
sticky bun1880
pan dulce1882
schnecke1899
wad1919
tabnab1933
1854 G. Read Compl. Biscuit & Gingerbread Baker's Assistant (ed. 2) vii. 107 Belgian Buns.—3 lbs. of flour, 1 lb. 2 oz. of butter, 1 lb. 10 oz. of powdered loaf sugar, [etc.].
1947 A. R. Daniel Bakery Materials & Methods xxiv. 410 (heading) Belgian buns... The buns..may also be cut and filled with boiled, cooled, vanilla custard.
2007 N. Chalk Because of You xiii. 13 It was her role to make sure all customers who sat in that area had a coffee, a Belgian bun and were comfortable.
Belgian chocolate n. chocolate made in Belgium, often considered of superior quality due to its high cocoa content and the traditional methods and recipes used in its manufacture; (also) an individual sweet made from this.
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1862 Morning Post 5 Nov. 1/5 Belgian chocolate prize medal.
1958 Times 24 Nov. 11/3 In the sweet department here are the Belgian chocolates made with fresh cream and butter which are specially brought over.
1993 Evening Standard (Nexis) 25 Mar. 7 The advertisement features a black girl and a white man..having oral fun with a tub of Belgian chocolate ice cream.
2014 T. Wilson Unmasking Juliet v. 74 She'd used a beautiful mixture of dark Belgian chocolate, and topped it off with a heavy dusting of luminescent, edible gold glitter.
Belgian endive n. chiefly North American a cultivar of chicory, Cichorium intybus, grown for its leaves which are typically used as a salad vegetable.
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1894 Gardening 1 Mar. 200/1 I have eaten in Europe a vegetable tasting somewhat like celery (but the end of the stalk looking more like asparagus) that I was told was ‘Belgian endive’.
1952 E. David French Country Cooking 169 These are the Belgian endives or chicory, as they are sometimes called in England—the long smooth ones.
2005 enRoute (Air Canada) Nov. 34/4 Whole roasted Maine lobster with caramelized Belgian endive and orange milk chocolate emulsion at the Berkshires' Wheatleigh hotel.
Belgian hare n. a large breed of domestic rabbit which resembles a wild hare, having a long slender body and arched back; a rabbit of this breed; also more fully Belgian hare rabbit (now historical).
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares) > [noun] > family Leporidae > genus Oryctolagus (rabbit) > breed or variety of (miscellaneous)
Andalusian1854
Belgian hare1867
chinchilla rabbit1904
Havana rabbit1912
New Zealand1917
Beveren1919
rex1928
satin1935
1861 Jrnl. Hort., Cottage Gardener, & Country Gentleman 7 May 108/1 The next on my list of large Rabbits is the Belgian Hare-coloured Rabbit, large quantities of which are imported, known and sold as French Hare-rabbits.]
1867 Jrnl. Hort., Cottage Gardener, & Country Gentleman 31 Oct. 342/2 For table purposes you will find no cross so good as the Belgian Hare Rabbit.
1872 C. Rayson Rabbits for Prizes & Profit i. 28 Belgian hares, Patagonians, and silver greys, are more successfully reared in open outside hutches.
1919 Everybody's Poultry Mag. Sept. 614/3 It was formerly called the Belgian hare rabbit, a name since contracted to Belgian hare.
1995 D. M. Warren Small Animal Care & Managem. ix. 209 Contrary to its name, the Belgian Hare is a true rabbit.
Belgian sheepdog n. any of various Belgian dogs used to herd sheep; spec. = Belgian Shepherd n.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > sheepdog > [noun] > other types of
Old English sheepdog1890
Belgian sheepdog1901
Belgian Shepherd1901
briard1901
Calabrian1905
Groenendael1925
maremma1925
bouvier1934
Illyrian sheepdog1935
puli1936
Malinois1947
Tervueren1947
Owczarek1948
Old English1971
Aussie1972
1901 Everybody's Mag. Nov. 579/1 Belgian sheep-dogs of the long-haired ‘Picard’ variety, and the more common short and wire-haired animals, were drafted from the neighboring country.
1905 Rev. of Reviews 32 80/1 They [sc. police dogs in Belgium] are of the Belgian sheep-dog breed, black, rough-coated, handsome animals.
1947 C. L. B. Hubbard Working Dogs of World 104 The Malinois forms one of the three main groups of Belgian Sheepdogs.
1971 F. Hamilton World Encycl. Dogs 53 In the U.S.A. only the Groenandael is called Belgian Sheepdog.
2003 J. Katz New Work of Dogs viii. 154 A sleek black Belgian sheepdog she'd already named Chaos.
Belgian Shepherd n. (in full Belgian Shepherd Dog) any of various Belgian dogs used to herd sheep; spec. a breed of large working dog originating in Belgium, having four varieties (the Groenendael, Laekenois, Malinois, and Tervueren) differing in coat type and colour (see quot. 1993); a dog of this breed.In the United States = Groenendael n.; the Malinois and the Tervueren are registered as separate breeds and the Laekenois unrecognized.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > sheepdog > [noun] > other types of
Old English sheepdog1890
Belgian sheepdog1901
Belgian Shepherd1901
briard1901
Calabrian1905
Groenendael1925
maremma1925
bouvier1934
Illyrian sheepdog1935
puli1936
Malinois1947
Tervueren1947
Owczarek1948
Old English1971
Aussie1972
1901 Everybody's Mag. Nov. 576/1 (caption) A night guard with a stiff-haired Belgian shepherd dog wearing its entire outfit.
1971 Times 28 June 24/6 (advt.) Pedigree Groenendael (Belgian Shepherd) puppies.
1993 Dogs Monthly July 21/2 The Belgian shepherd Dog is one breed with four acceptable variations of coat and/or colour: Groenendael (long coated black); Tervueren (long coated other than black..); Malinois (short coated, fawn to red with black mask and overlay); Laekenois (rough coated, reddish fawn with black shading, principally on muzzle and tail).
2008 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Aug. 52/2 As we walk toward the shed, a Belgian Shepherd begins barking furiously.
Belgian-style adj. of a style characteristic of or associated with Belgium.
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1848 N. Amer. & U.S. Gaz. 27 Nov. 3/6 (advt.) 80 pcs wool blk, cadet, fancy Belgian style, plaid, brown new style mixed cassimers.
1908 Sioux Valley (Correctionville, Iowa) News 17 Dec. 5/4 (advt.) Fancy Vase Stand Lamps with Belgian Style Burners.
1933 Mansfield (Ohio) News-Jrnl. 14 Mar. 6/3 The group decided to adopt a Belgian style cap which was designed by Eugene Miller.
1952 Economist 1 Mar. 537/1 An increasing amount of Belgian-style laisser faire in its [sc. the Dutch government's] practical policies.
1983 N.Y. Times 9 Feb. c2/5 The machine is designed for Belgian-style waffles, which generally are thicker and have deeper ridges than regular ones.
2013 Cornish Guardian (Nexis) 28 Aug. 65 With tuna or salmon try a light Belgian-style beer as the subtle spiciness and tartness complements meatier fishes perfectly.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.adj.1571
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