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单词 post-
释义

post-prefix

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin post-.
Etymology: < classical Latin post-, combining form of post (adverb and preposition; earlier poste (Ennius, Plautus)) after, behind < an extended form (with change of final -i to -e) of the same Indo-European base as Old Church Slavonic po after, pozdě late, Lithuanian pas at, near. Compare French post-, German post-.In Latin, prefixed adverbially to verbs, as posthabēre to treat as less important, to subordinate (see posthabit v.), postpōnere to put off, defer, to treat as of secondary importance, to place after (see postpone v.), postscrībere to write after, add in writing (see postscribe v.); also to participles, verbal nouns, and other verbal derivatives, as postgenitus begotten after, created after (see post-geniture n.), postpartor heir, successor, post-classical Latin postpositio postposition n. More rarely showing the preposition and a nominal object, e.g. (of place) postlīminium (a return) behind the threshold (see postliminium n.), postscaenium (the space) behind the scenes (see postscenium n.), and hence in adjectives such as (of time) postauctumnālis coming after autumn (i.e. post auctumnum ), post-autumnal. Formations after Latin models first appear in English in the late 14th cent. (in an apparently isolated attestation: post-common n.) and then again from the 16th cent. (e.g. post-disseisin n., postbrachial adj. at sense 2b); the first direct borrowing from Latin is apparently postpone v. in the late 15th cent.; there are also some borrowings from Middle French before the end of the 16th cent. (e.g. post-communion n., postpose v.). From the end of the 16th cent., most formations are within English, although there are still a number of borrowings directly from Latin (e.g. postpredicament n., postscribe v.) and formations after Latin models. In English the prefix is used more generally than in Latin, especially in the prepositional relation (compare sense 2). Originally, compounds were mainly formed with second elements ultimately of Latin origin. In scientific terminology, second elements ultimately of Greek origin are also used from the early 19th cent. (e.g. post-climacteric n., post-apostolic adj., post-cosmic adj. at sense 2a(b)(iv)(2)), although many of these elements are transmitted via Latin. Many English formations are after earlier ones in pre- prefix, pro- prefix1 or ante- prefix 1, occasionally without an independent second element (e.g. postvide vb. at sense 1a(a)(i)(2)). Formations with second elements not of Latin or Greek origin are first found in the 17th or 18th centuries (e.g. in the 17th cent. perhaps post-talmudical adj. at sense 2a(b)(iv)(1) and post-law n. at sense 1a(b)(ii)(2), in the 18th cent. post-breakfast adj. at sense 2a(a)(i), post-Kantian n. and adj. at sense 2a(b)(i)); such formations become particularly common in the 20th cent. Formations in French are found occasionally from the 14th cent. in Anglo-Norman, Middle French, and French (e.g. postdisseisine post-disseisin n., postposer postpose v.). Most French compounds before the end of the 18th cent., however, are borrowings from Latin. New formations within French become common from the second half of the 19th cent. In German, compounds borrowed from Latin are attested from the 18th cent. (e.g. Postskript : see postscript n.1, but compare also the earlier Latinate phrase Postskriptum post scriptum n.); formations within German are chiefly found from the 20th cent., often under the influence of English (e.g. postmodern postmodern adj.) or scientific Latin. More traditionally, the sense of the prefix is often rendered by German nach after (see nigh adv.), used as the first element of compounds (e.g. nachexilisch : see post-exilic adj.).
1. Forming words in which post- is either adverbial or adjectival, and qualifies the verb, or the verbal derivative or other adjective or noun which forms or is implied in the second element.Some of these compounds are derived or formed from Latin or formed on Latin analogies; some are formed after and as the opposites to, or occasionally in parallel with, words in ante- or pre- (exceptionally pro-).
a. Referring to time or order.
(a) Used adverbially with the sense ‘afterwards, after, subsequently’.
(i) With a verb or past participle as the second element, forming a contrary of a verb or adjective in pre- (or rarely pro-); also in ad hoc formations after verbs or adjectives in ante-.
(1)
† post-disapprove v. Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
1733 A. Pope Corr. 20 Apr. (1956) III. 366 It was labour'd, corrected, præcommended and post-disapprov'd, so far as to be dis-own'd by themselves.
post-determine v.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)dᵻˈtəːmᵻn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)dəˈtərmən/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)diˈtərmən/
ΚΠ
1997 Afr. Lang. & Culture 10 32 To post-determine a (following) relative clause.
post-determined adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)dᵻˈtəːmᵻnd/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)dəˈtərmənd/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)diˈtərmənd/
ΚΠ
1907 N.E.D. at Post- prefix Post-determined.
1961 Econometrica 29 389 This is true whether y is a ‘resultant’ variable, or..whether it is ‘postdetermined’ or ‘predetermined’.
† posticipated adj. [apparently < post- prefix + -icipated (in anticipated adj.)] Obsolete Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 631 The anticipated diamond jubilee of Queen Victoria..and the posticipated opening of the new municipal fish market.
post-stressed adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈstrɛst/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈstrɛst/
ΚΠ
1953 Archit. Rev. 113 377/2 (caption) Auditorium spanned by post-stressed beams.
1965 Language 41 473 As many as five syllables occur prestressed, but only one syllable occurs post-stressed, except rarely when a postclitic follows a suffix.
2004 NT Business Rev. (Austral.) (Nexis) 1 Nov. 8 Mr Wilson..sold his skills placing pre-stressed and post-stressed concrete structures to a leading Territory construction company.
(2)
† post-cribrate v. Obsolete rare transitive to sift or refine (something) after having already done so, or as the last of a series of processes; in quot. figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > types of choice > choose in specific way [verb (transitive)] > select from a number or for a purpose > separate valuable from worthless
leasec1420
to weed outc1485
winnowa1616
post-cribrate1627
garble1655
weed1833
to screen out1887
screen1943
1627 J. Donne Lett. (1651) 308 I have cribrated,..re-cribated, and post-cribrated [printed post-cribated] the Sermon.
† post-occupied adj. [after preoccupied adj.] Obsolete rare (perhaps) preoccupied with the past or with a past event or events.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > [adjective] > after the event
post-occupied1876
1876 M. Collins From Midnight to Midnight III. iv. 8 They were for the most part silent. Lord Arthur was pre-occupied; Vance was post-occupied.
postplace v.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈpleɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpleɪs/
rare transitive to place (something) after something else.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > precede or follow in order [verb (transitive)] > place after in order
postpose1598
postplace1599
postponec1620
postliminiate1659
postliminate1690
1599 R. Linche Fountaine Anc. Fiction sig. Giv I thought it fittest in this treatise to postplace her.
1984 Paleobiology 10 415/1 With periproct position, O. haldemani is relatively postplaced (starting with less distance) and again follows a relatively neotonic trajectory.
† post-prophesy v. Obsolete rare transitive to utter (a prophecy) after the event has come about.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > predict, foretell [verb (transitive)] > after the event
post-prophesy1859
1859 F. Francis Newton Dogvane III. iv. 111 None..post-prophesied their convictions more..vehemently, that ‘this would be the end of it all’, than Mr. Tom Sharp.
† postvide v. [ < post- prefix + -vide (in provide v.)] Obsolete intransitive (with against) to make provision for an event only after it has occurred.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > [verb (intransitive)] > be late > be late to act
to shut the stable door after the horse has bolteda1393
postvidea1661
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Chester 188 When men instead of preventing, postvide against dangers.
(ii) With an adjective as the second element, forming a contrary of an adjective in pre-; also in ad hoc formations after adjectives in pre-.
† postmutative adj. Obsolete rare designating a language inflected by means of suffixes.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > [adjective] > characterized by grammar
unaccidentedc1740
resupinate1836
atactic1842
amalgamate1849
anaptotic1850
isolating1860
encapsulating1868
grammarless1868
uninflected1875
amalgamating1877
intercalative1882
postmutative1899
positional1908
1899 R. C. Temple Univ. Gram. 7 Languages are divisible into 1. pre-mutative, or those that prefix their affixes; 2. intro-mutative, or those that infix them; and 3. post-mutative, or those that suffix them.
1904 Man 4 160 Formative languages are further divided into premutative, intromutative, or postmutative, according to the position of the affixes.
† postparative n. Obsolete an action performed after an exercise by way of review or correction.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions viii. 53 They that write of exercise, make three degrees in it, wherof they call the first a preparatiue,..the next simply by the name of exercise..the third a postparatiue.
(b) Used adjectivally with the sense ‘occurring or existing afterwards, subsequent, later’ to form nouns.
(i) With a noun forming the second element.
† post-accession n. Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. viii. 132 His life is not happy, for Beatitude is a post-accession thereto.
post-act n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊstˈakt/
,
/ˈpəʊstakt/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˈækt/
,
/ˈpoʊstˌækt/
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > an act or deed > subsequent
post-fact1631
post-act1721
1721 Reasonableness Orthodox & Arian Believing 26 Leaving no room for Faith, but as a superfluous Post-Act,..upon that Assent of Knowledge, if at all.
1851 A. M. Burrill New Law Dict. ii Post-act, an after-act; an act done afterwards.
1967 French Rev. 40 462 He realizes that this final act—this post-act, as it were—is ‘comme quatre coups brefs que je frappais sur la porte du malheur’.
† post argument n. Obsolete rare
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > putting forward for discussion > [noun] > secondary argument
post argument1622
1622 T. Stoughton Christians Sacrifice viii. 94 This being more then an adiunct, euen a post argument..for confirmation of the maine argument.
† post-contract n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1584 Copie of Let. conc. Erle of Leycester 35 For this cause he hath his tearmes & pretences..of Contractes, Precontractes, Postcontractes, Protractes, and Retractes.
a1610 T. Rogers Leycesters Ghost (1641) 19 It chanced that I made a post-contract, And did in sort the Lady Sheifield wed.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. v. 108 Lawyers..to draw his contracts, his pre-contracts, and his post-contracts, and to find the way to make the most of grants of church-lands, [etc.].
post-creation n.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)krɪˈeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)kriˈeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1821 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) V. 134 The supposed Post-Creation of the Woman.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 373 In woman's womb word is made flesh but in the spirit of the maker all flesh that passes becomes the word that shall not pass away. This is the postcreation.
2003 We! (Nexis) Jan. 8 ‘Procreation/Postcreation’ will be a document of current and past knowledge about the act of creation and its many interpretations.
† post-division n. Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1956) VIII. 255 The Schooles have made so many Divisions, and sub-divisions, and re-divisions, and post-divisions of Ignorance.
† post-fruition n. Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
a1631 J. Donne 50 Serm. (1649) xv. 125 Hee cannot post-date a sinne, delight in the memory of a past-sinne, and sin it over againe, in a post-fruition of that sinne.
† post-legitimation n. Obsolete rare
ΘΚΠ
society > law > rule of law > [noun] > legitimation or legalization > specifically of a person
legitimationa1464
post-legitimation1780
legitimization1793
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > relationship to parent > [noun] > legitimacy > process of rendering legitimate
legitimationa1464
post-legitimation1780
legitimization1793
1780 M. Madan Thelyphthora I. i. 34 The proposers and framers of such schemes of post-legitimation, had been convinced, that the conjugal cohabitation..was a lawful marriage.
† post-pardon n. Obsolete rare
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > forgiveness > [noun] > pardon before or after offence
post-pardon1625
pre-pardon1625
after-pardon1853
1625 J. Donne First Serm. King Charles 37 Euery Pardon, whether a Post-pardon, by way of mercy, after a Lawe is broken, or a Præ-pardon, by way of Dispensation, in wisedome before a Lawe bee broken.
post-penance n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈpɛnəns/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpɛnəns/
ΚΠ
a1631 J. Donne LXXX Serm. (1640) liv. 546 Salvation it selfe, which God gives upon repentance, hath been attributed to these post-penances, and after-afflictions, which..have sometimes been called repentance.
1913 Churchman 16 Aug. 222/3 Had you listened to the idle gossip so frequent among your more ambitious classmates, you would have heard your parish referred to as ‘Post Penance’, betokening the unfruitfulness of the social soil.
1991 Far Eastern Econ. Rev. 31 Oct. 78/2 Fixed commissions in a market enjoying high turnover should see the post-penance Big Four moving from fast to feast in short order.
2000 D. Aers Faith, Ethics, & Church iv. 96 God apparently feels about post-penance sinners what he feels about consecrated vessels and their abuse.
† post-signer n. Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
1819 T. Jefferson Let. 12 May in Writings (1984) 1421 These were the only post-signers.
post-stressing n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈstrɛsɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈstrɛsɪŋ/
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > pressing or drawing > wire making > specific processes
patenting1891
post-stressing1941
1941 Concrete & Constructional Engin. 36 93/1 Dr. Abeles suggests stretching the hard steel wires after hardening and setting, which he calls ‘post-stressing’.
1984 Offshore (Nexis) Nov. 92 A twostage stressing operation is required, firstly to effect the peripheral grout seal, and secondly, when the grout is hardened, to impose the post-stressing force.
† post-variation n. Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
1650 N. Ward Discolliminium 45 I and my Friends shall be allowed the full benefit of all the variations, interpretations, reservations, postvariations, tergiversations, excusations,..that I and my Mare can devise or possibly imagine.
(ii) Forming (frequently as ad hoc formations) contraries of nouns in pre-.
(1)
† post-destinarian n. Obsolete rare
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > salvation, redemption > doctrine of salvation > [noun] > post-destination > adherent
submortuarian1658
post-destinarian1700
1700 C. Ness Antidote against Arminianism 61 The Arminians..may be called..Post-destinarians, for placing the Eternal Decree behind the Race of Man's Life.
post-destination n.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)dɛstᵻˈneɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌdɛstəˈneɪʃən/
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > salvation, redemption > doctrine of salvation > [noun] > post-destination
post-destination1628
1628 W. Davenant Let. 4 Nov. in Tanner MS in P. G. Lake Calvinism & Eng. Church in Past & Present (1987) Feb. 64 No bishop would undertake the approving either of that conditional post-destination which the Bishop of Chichester seems to strive for or of that total falling away from grace upon the commission of every mortal sin.
1674 H. Hickman Hist. Quinq-articularis (ed. 2) 160 The Doctor's Election is a Postdestination; for it then only makes men ordained to eternal life, when..they are possessed of it.
1700 C. Ness Antidote against Arminianism 41 To prefer Time before Eternity, and to set up a Post-destination instead of a Prædestination.
1971 Russ. Rev. 30 334 This is especially true in what Western man calls the godless society of the Soviet Union, a society which appears to have embraced the postdestination concept that man has a significant destiny away from his home planet.
post-face n.
Brit. /ˈpəʊs(t)fᵻs/
,
U.S. /ˈpoʊs(t)fəs/
[ < post- prefix + -face (in preface n.), perhaps after French postface (1736 in Voltaire)]
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > matter of book > [noun] > postface or conclusion
envoyc1398
extraduction1533
epilogue1564
heel1608
explicit1660
post-face1742
afterword1890
society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > parts of a written composition > [noun] > epilogue, envoy, or conclusion
parclosec1390
envoyc1398
conclusionc1405
l'envoy1430
subscriptionc1450
extraduction1533
epilogue1564
surclose1589
corollary1603
post-face1742
retroduction1786
explicit1849
snapper1857
1742 T. Trifler (title) The elogy of nothing, dedicated to nobody; with a postface.
1887 Sat. Rev. 30 Apr. 624/2 The frank admission in both preface and postface that [he] found the Japanese syllabary too many for him.
1992 Lit. & Ling. Computing 7 33/1 While a Postface can refer back over an indeterminate extent of previous text, minimally encapsulating the previous posture, a Preface can only prospect the rest of the clause, and remains confined within its limits.
† post-ference n. Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
1877 A. C. Swinburne Let. 21 Apr. (1960) III. 326 To compare either with Shelley or Hugo for preference or postference, is purely absurd.
† post-fiction n. Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
a1612 J. Harington Brief View Church of Eng. in Nugæ Antiquæ (1804) II. 139 As for the latter predictions or rather postfictions (since this bishops death) I willingly omit, concerning the successors of this bishop.
post-monition n.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)məˈnɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)məˈnɪʃən/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > premonition, presentiment > [noun]
ossingc1450
anticipation1549
presagement1586
post-monition1938
1938 S. Beckett Murphy ix. 176 In the morning nothing remained of the dream but a post~monition of calamity.
2000 Charlotte (N. Carolina) Observer (Nexis) 5 May 17 b If you think of something after it's happened, is it a ‘monition’? Or would it be a ‘postmonition’?
(2)
post-amble n.
Brit. /ˈpəʊstambl/
,
/ˌpəʊstˈambl/
,
U.S. /ˈpoʊstˌæmb(ə)l/
,
/ˌpoʊstˈæmb(ə)l/
a piece of writing appended after the main text; also in extended use (see quots. 1978, 1986).
ΚΠ
1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation Printers Advt. sig. ***4 He liked not ouer-long Preambles, or Postambles to short Discourses.
1978 Gloss. Terms Data Processing (B.S.I.) xii. 4/2 Postamble, a sequence of binary characters recorded at the end of each block on a magnetic tape, for the purpose of synchronization when reading backward.
1986 Pract. Computing Oct. 85/1 The rotational speed is so low that the signal is compressed towards the left-hand end of the trace with the blank area on the right, known as the post-amble, correspondingly extended.
1997 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 17 July 33/4 A so-called ‘post-amble’ to the interim constitution of 1993, the key document of South Africa's negotiated revolution, declared, [etc.].
post-article n.
Brit. /ˈpəʊstɑːtᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˈpoʊstˌɑrdək(ə)l/
Grammar a postpositive article.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > determiner > [noun] > article > word preceding or following an article
post-article1944
prearticle1965
1944 PMLA 59 301 That the post-article is no more than an ending is shown by the fact that when an independent article is put before an attributive adjective, the post-article of the noun is retained.
1971 Archivum Linguisticum 2 131 The terms Pre-article and Post-article can be used when talking about arrangements of non-lexical formatives in surface structure.
post-eternity n.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstᵻˈtəːnᵻti/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˈtərnədi/
,
/ˌpoʊstiˈtərnədi/
now rare (a condition of) eternity as a state which exists or is experienced after the cessation of some other state.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > eternity or infinite duration > [noun] > pre- or post-eternity
post-eternitya1631
eternity1656
pre-eternity1678
a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1958) IX. 149 Man hath not that, not eternity; but the Image of eternity, that is Immortality, a post-eternity there is in the soule of man.
a1680 S. Charnock Several Disc. Existence of God (1682) 194 The promise of eternal life is as ancient as God himself... As it hath an ante-eternity, so it hath a post-eternity.
1706 R. Cudworth Confut. Reason & Philos. Atheism i. 21 Nor will this at all weaken the future Immortality or Post-Eternity of Human Souls.
1985 Internat. Jrnl. Middle East Stud. 17 244 Most important of such ‘trees of the spirit’ is the Tree of Love, whose branch is in pre-eternity and whose root in post-eternity.
postfactor n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈfaktə/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈfæktər/
Mathematics the second of two factors in non-commutative multiplication.
ΚΠ
1884 J. W. Gibbs Elem. Vector Anal. §131 The vector α × β as a pre- or post-factor in skew multiplication is equivalent to the dyadic {βα − αβ} taken as pre- or post-factor in direct multiplication.
1947 S. A. Stigant Mod. Electr. Engin. Math. vi. 117 In Eqn. (6.3), the dyadic is a prefactor to the vector B; placed after B it would be termed as postfactor.
1994 MIS Q. 18 67/1 As can be seen, pre-factor 1 is strongly correlated with post-factor 1 (r's = .97 and .97).
post-genitive n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈdʒɛnᵻtɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈdʒɛnədɪv/
Grammar a possessive noun used with of to postmodify a noun.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > noun > [noun] > other specific types of noun
increaser1612
regulara1637
energizer1751
agent noun1782
nomen actionis1820
segolate1831
class noun1849
patrial1854
nomen agentis1859
metaplast1864
agent word1879
post-genitive1922
conversion-noun1928
noun adjective1930
head noun1933
relatum1933
actant1967
class name1994
1922 E. Kruisinga Handbk. Present-day Eng. (ed. 3) II. i. 361 Nouns preceded by a definite article are not seldom used with a post-genitive.
1957 R. W. Zandvoort Handbk. Eng. Gram. (new ed.) ii. ii. 105 The only case where an English genitive may be said to follow its headword is when it is the principal part of an of-adjunct to a preceding noun... The construction is known as the post-genitive. I gave him an old raincoat of my brother's.
1982 B. Seaton Handbk. Eng. Lang. Teaching Terms & Pract. 66 Post genitive. This happens when the genitive is the principal part of an of-adjunct to a preceding noun..I'm staying with a friend of Mary's.
post-heating n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈhiːtɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈhidɪŋ/
the heating of metal after welding, in order to relieve stresses.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > heating to reduce stress
stress relief1900
stress-relieving1920
post-heating1938
1938 Times 4 Feb. 11/2 The post-heating process greatly improves an already satisfactory weld by allowing the metal at the weld to recover its original structure after the severe treatment given by the welding operation.
2004 Forging (Nexis) 1 Mar. 14 Post heating equalizes the temperature of the weld metal and base metal.
† post-issue n. Obsolete rare children of a second marriage.
ΚΠ
1612 G. Chapman Widdowes Teares ii. sig. Ev Shee matching..with some yong Prodigall: what must ensue, but her post-issue beggerd.
† post-law n. Obsolete rare (probably) a law operating retrospectively; = ex post facto law at ex post facto adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > [noun] > a law > other general types of law
judicialc1400
proper law1609
antinomy1644
cobweb law1649
post-law1663
overlaw1883
inn law1930
loi-cadre1953
1663 Short Surv. Grand Case Present Ministry 38 Oaths are sacred things, and Post-laws are a ready Papacie to absolve them.
† post-marriage n. Obsolete rare a marriage taking place after the partners have been cohabiting.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > wedding or nuptials > [noun] > manner of marrying > marriage after cohabitation
post-marriage1785
1785 G. A. Bellamy Apol. Life II. 46 That ridicule and contempt which custom has annexed to a post-marriage (if I may so term it).
post-possessive n.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)pəˈzɛsɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)pəˈzɛsɪv/
Grammar rare a possessive pronoun which postmodifies the noun.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > pronoun > [noun] > possessive pronoun
possessivec1450
post-possessive1943
1943 Eng. Stud. 25 103 The construction called by..Curme ‘double genitive’, by Kruisinga ‘post genitive’, and, in the case of a pronoun (a friend of mine), ‘post-possessive’.
1957 R. W. Zandvoort Handbk. Eng. Gram. (new ed.) iii. ii. 140 The construction may be denoted as the post-possessive. a. I gave him an old raincoat of mine. He hated that pride of hers. b. It was no fault of theirs.
b. Chiefly Anatomy and Zoology.
(a) Prefixed adverbially to adjectives with the sense ‘behind, posteriorly’.
† postcommunicant adj. Anatomy Obsolete rare designating either of a pair of arteries (the posterior communicating arteries) that run backward from the internal carotid arteries into the posterior cerebral arteries.
ΚΠ
1885 B. G. Wilder in Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 12 349 [Common Latin name] Communicans posterior..[English paronym] Postcommunicant.
(b) Prefixed adjectivally to nouns with the sense ‘situated or occurring behind, posterior’; (Anatomy) prefixed to nouns and derived adjectives denoting or relating to the posterior region of a part, organ, etc., or the hindmost of a pair or group of similar or related structures.
postcerebellar adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)sɛrᵻˈbɛlə/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌsɛrəˈbɛlər/
Anatomy relating to or situated in the posterior cerebellum; spec. designating either of a pair of arteries (the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries) that are branches of the vertebral arteries at the base of the brain and are the hindmost of the three pairs of arteries supplying blood to the cerebellum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [adjective] > cerebellum
epicranidal1676
cerebellar1828
cerebellic1835
postcerebellar1885
1885 B. G. Wilder in Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 12 349 [Common Latin name] Cerebellaris posterior..[English paronym] Postcerebellar.
1994 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 8778/2 A number of pre- and postcerebellar nuclei were also found to be rich in receptor mRNA.
† postchoroid adj. Anatomy Obsolete rare designating any of several arteries (the posterior choroid arteries) that are branches of the posterior cerebral arteries, supplying blood to the rear parts of the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles of the brain.
ΚΠ
1885 B. G. Wilder in Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 12 349 [Common Latin name] Choroidea posterior..[English paronym] Postchoroid.
† postscalene adj. Anatomy Obsolete rare designating or relating to either of a pair of muscles (the posterior scalene muscles) of the neck, which connect the second pair of ribs with the transverse processes of several cervical vertebrae and serve to bend the neck.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. (citing E. Coues) Postscalene.
post-tuberance n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈtjuːb(ə)rəns/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈtʃuːb(ə)rəns/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈt(j)ub(ə)rəns/
[ < post- prefix + -tuberance (in protuberance n.)] rare a posterior protuberance.
ΚΠ
1825 Q. Rev. 31 466 Their beauty is proverbial in Africa, particularly for that..quality of being singularly gifted with the Hottentot post-tuberance.
1956 Philippine Jrnl. Sci. 85 85 A tubercle near the anterior end of the middle for the reception of a post-tuberance on the middle of the posterior end of mesosternum.
2. Forming words in which post- is prepositional, and qualifies the noun or adjective which forms or is implied in the second element.
a. Used with reference to time or order in the sense ‘subsequent to, following, succeeding, later than, after’.
(a) With a noun as the second element, forming adjectives, and occasionally nouns or adverbs. (A selection of typical formations is illustrated.)
(i)
post-anaesthetic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstanᵻsˈθɛtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌænəsˈθɛdɪk/
ΚΠ
1910 Practitioner Feb. 253 The post-anaesthetic condition.
1965 J. Pollitt Depression & its Treatm. vi. 80 Patients should be carefully questioned about this to avoid the risk of post-anaesthetic vomiting.
2003 Anesthesiology 98 912 Coadministration of SPA and DPCPX caused no decrease in acetylcholine release or delay in postanesthetic recovery.
post-apartheid adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstəˈpɑːteɪt/
,
/ˌpəʊstəˈpɑːtʌɪd/
,
/ˌpəʊstəˈpɑːtʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˈpɑrˌteɪt/
,
/ˌpoʊstəˈpɑrˌtaɪt/
ΚΠ
1961 Times 13 Mar. 10/4 If their plea is heard there might well be a post-apartheid application for readmission.
1988 R.S.A. Policy Rev. (S. Afr. Bureau of Information) 1 No. 1. 25 As part of this change in style, the ANC drafted constitutional guidelines for a post-apartheid South Africa.
2001 H. Gilbert Postcolonial Plays 25/1 The controversial work of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) has spawned a number of bold and imaginative theatrical ventures in the post-apartheid period.
post-ascension n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstəˈsɛnʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˈsɛn(t)ʃən/
ΚΠ
1872 E. H. Sears Fourth Gospel 395 We should distinguish the pre-ascension appearances..from the post-ascension which continued for some time afterwards.
1895 J. Kidd Morality & Relig. viii. 324 The post-ascension activity of Christ.
1985 M. Green I Believe in Holy Spirit 66 The pronounced link between the Spirit and power to witness which can be seen both in the life of Jesus and that of the post-ascension Church.
post-attack adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstəˈtak/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˈtæk/
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > [adjective] > after attack
post-attack1930
1930 H. L. Hollingworth Abnormal Psychol. xxii. 490 In many cases, during the post-attack condition, the irresponsible and semi-conscious [epileptic] subject is likely to wander away, with no clear sense of identity or plan.
1955 J. M. Butler et al. Rep. Comm. Intergovernmental Relations viii. 182 It is necessary to preserve flexibility in postattack operations.
1999 T. Harnden Bandit Country (2000) xi. 423 Caraher had left footprints on top of the dog kennel in the Sheridans' yard and neglected to get rid of his boots as part of the standard post-attack ‘forensic clean-up’.
post-bop adj. and n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈbɒp/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈbɑp/
ΚΠ
1955 O. Keepnews & W. Grauer Pict. Hist. Jazz xix. 250 A young star who came along in the post-bop 1950s.
1977 Rolling Stone 5 May 24/2 Today his style is the antithesis of classic post-bop horn players like Coltrane.
1995 Guardian 6 Oct. (Friday Review section) 25/1 There's a light, speedy, modal postbop, a typically silvery and delicate flute piece, and some snakey flute and trombone free-improvising.
post-breakfast adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈbrɛkfəst/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈbrɛkfəst/
ΚΠ
1791 W. Cowper Let. 22 July (1982) III. 547 All my Post-breakfast time must be given to poetry.
1970 Times 7 July 24/6 During our post-breakfast meeting yesterday [he] demonstrated his fellow countrymen's predilection for beer-drinking.
2002 Whisky Mag. Aug. 39/3 Start your day with a small mild [Havana cigar], such as a post-breakfast, light, fragrant El Rey del Mondo demi-tasse.
post-Christmas adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkrɪsməs/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkrɪsməs/
ΚΠ
1871 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 15 53 It is therefore singularly appropriate that on this occasion our post-Christmas session should be inaugurated by a paper from the executive officer of that learned body.
1959 Encounter Feb. 74/2 All these books are written with a light touch: just the thing for post-Christmas hang-overs.
2000 Times 28 Dec. i. 23/1 Even in a lethargic post-Christmas market, that was a disappointment.
post-coition adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kəʊˈɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌkoʊˈɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1952 Q. Rev. Biol. 27 15/1 The post-coition behavior is often difficult to judge, because it consists so often or preening or bathing movements, which both could be considered autochthonous responses to the disordered state of the plumage.
1970 Man 5 249 The same substances..can be taken internally, as a remedy, together with some coconut meat, in order to stop belly troubles probably caused by failing to observe post-coition purifications.
2002 Sunday Times (Nexis) 3 Mar. (Features section) I prefer to have forthcoming High and Supreme Court judgments on the legality of immediate post-coition pills.
post-cold war adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kəʊld ˈwɔː/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌkoʊld ˈwɔr/
ΚΠ
1962 A. Etzioni Hard Way to Peace vii. 161 To assess the chances for success of such a plan, it must be realized that in the post-cold war atmosphere, violations of the arms reduction pact would be considered the most contemptible international crime.
2003 New Republic 21 July 6/3 So far, the United States has avoided acting like an empire in post-cold-war Africa, and, thus, the hard left has found little cause for moral concern.
post-college adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)ˈkɒlɪdʒ/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkɑlɪdʒ/
ΚΠ
1874 Galaxy Jan. 126/1 He endeavored to trace the post-college history of the female graduates of the institution he was interested in.
1973 Jrnl. Genetic Psychol. 122 183 The relevance of undergraduate courses for meeting the demands of postcollege life.
2001 Times 6 July ii. 2/2 He meets a raven-haired, Californian Jewish woman in her early twenties who has come to the capital for a post-college spell as an intern.
post-crash adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkraʃ/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkræʃ/
ΚΠ
1930 Jrnl. Business Univ. Chicago 3 311 So many statements have gained currency about the influence exerted by ‘investment trusts’ in ‘pre-crash’ and ‘post-crash’ stock markets.
1966 Economist 24 Dec. 1329/3 An effort to prevent post-crash injuries by fire.
1994 BBC Top Gear Mag. Aug. 157/1 Doctors botched the post-crash op and came close to amputating the limb.
post-creole adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)ˈkriːəʊl/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)ˈkreɪəʊl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkriˌoʊl/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkreɪˌoʊl/
ΚΠ
1968 D. Decamp in Lat. Amer. Res. Rev. 3 38 If any term is needed to distinguish the situation in Jamaica from that in Surinam and Haiti, then I suggest that we call Jamaica a post-creole community.
1977 Language 53 330 Speakers in a post-creole community are triply pressured: to avoid the basilect, to acquire the acrolect, and to vary the mesolect.
post-delivery adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)dᵻˈlɪv(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)dəˈlɪv(ə)ri/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)diˈlɪv(ə)ri/
ΚΠ
1943 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 20 Jan. 2/2 Post-delivery complications are reduced.
1980 R. Angell in New Yorker 22 Sept. 118/2 The squared-away, weight-on-both-feet attitude that coaches recommend as the proper post-delivery fielding stance.
2004 Toronto Star (Nexis) 6 Mar. k1 Post-delivery surgeries were five times more common after C-sections.
post-disease adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)dᵻˈziːz/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)dəˈziz/
ΚΠ
1889 N. Kerr Inebriety (ed. 2) viii. 138 Though the offspring of the paternal pre-disease period showed no tendency of the kind, the paternal post-disease child or children could only with constant supervision be kept from strong drink as soon as they began to crawl.
1998 Amer. Lit. Hist. 10 771 With the developments of antibiotics to combat infection, public hygiene to prevent fevers, and vaccines to prevent epidemics, we came to believe we were living in an almost postdisease era.
post-Easter adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊstˈiːstə/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˈistər/
ΚΠ
1864 B. Lumley Reminisc. Opera 35 Less relished than the post-Easter entertainment.
1939 Times 12 May 22/2 This year there has been a substantial post-Easter expansion whereas last year there was a heavy decline.
1998 Church Times 6 Feb. 12/3 Although the old order was still in place in Jerusalem after Easter, the post-Easter disciples really believed that God had become King.
post-election adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstᵻˈlɛkʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˈlɛkʃən/
,
/ˌpoʊstiˈlɛkʃən/
ΚΠ
1851 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Mar. 244 When his post election conduct falsified the expectations..of the people, the discrepancy was attributed to his secretaries.
1956 H. Macmillan Diary 8 Apr. (2003) 548 All of us were the beneficiaries of this ‘electioneering Budget’. It will be too much of a cry of ‘peccavi’ if we put it back on in the first post-election Budget.
1995 Harper's Mag. Jan. 7/1 The post-election sifting of the vote confirmed the pre-election impression of panic among the possessing classes.
post-erosion adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstᵻˈrəʊʒn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˈroʊʒən/
,
/ˌpoʊstiˈroʊʒən/
ΚΠ
1894 Geol. Mag. Oct. 449 It appears that there has been a post-erosion subsidence to an amount from 8,000 to 12,000 feet, carrying down the Antillean plains to form the present sea-basins.
1990 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 240 519 Diatoms sharply decline in abundance and diversity across this break, with Melosira nyassensis dominating in the post-erosion period.
post-experience adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstᵻkˈspɪərɪəns/
,
/ˌpəʊstɛkˈspɪərɪəns/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstɪkˈspɪriəns/
,
/ˌpoʊstɛkˈspɪriəns/
ΚΠ
1958 Ann. Math. Statistics 29 1231 Two samples, each of size n are selected independently, one from the pre-experience group and the other from the post-experience group.
1964 Economist 31 Oct. 502/1 The needs of the ‘post-experience’ students and..immediate postgraduates.
2001 Sunday Express (Nexis) 19 Aug. 37 What distinguishes it from other business-led masters degrees is that it is both a postgraduate and a postexperience qualification.
post-flu adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈfluː/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈflu/
ΚΠ
1918 A. Huxley Let. 25 Nov. (1969) 171 The whiskey bottle seems the only refuge from that post-flu depression.
1971 P. D. James Shroud for Nightingale v. 163 She had post-flu depression and she felt she couldn't cope with the baby.
2004 Dallas Morning News (Nexis) 16 Nov. 1 e For each day you were in bed with the flu, your post-flu resistance is lower for three days.
post-game adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈɡeɪm/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈɡeɪm/
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [adjective] > pre- or post-game
after-game1904
pregame1913
post-game1934
1934 Pacific Affairs 7 91 Naturally enough wine flowed freely at those post-game dinners.
1976 Springfield (Mass.) Daily News 22 Apr. 39/1 When his club gets beaten 7–1 he is a post game press conference no-show.
1994 Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey) 24 Apr. v. 8/1 Van Poppel is out of minor-league options. The only way he can return to the world of bus rides and post-game pizzas is if he passes through waivers.
post-gastrectomy adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)ɡaˈstrɛktəmi/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ɡæˈstrɛktəmi/
ΚΠ
1951 Rev. Gastroenterol. 18 193 (title) The prevention of some postgastrectomy difficulties by a new gastrectomy technic.
2004 Jrnl. Amer. College Surg. 198 212 Postgastrectomy patients often experience reflux esophagitis and a compromised quality of life.
post-glasnost adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈɡlaznɒst/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈɡlasnɒst/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈɡlæzˌnoʊst/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈɡlæzˌnɔst/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈɡlæzˌnɑst/
ΚΠ
1987 Guardian 13 Apr. 17/8 If that kind of gloomy view is proved right, the post-glasnost world will assuredly be a much more dangerous place than the world in which clever Mr Gorbachev faced us from the other side of the table.
2002 Elle Feb. 60/2 Hobson's account of post-glasnost Russia is hard-bitten and cold.
post-harvest adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈhɑːvᵻst/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈhɑrvəst/
ΚΠ
1899 Atlantic Monthly June 757/2 The festival was also a Pueblan institution; but with the Indians it was a post-harvest Thanksgiving on a large scale, and had some meaning.
1962 Times 20 Mar. 3/2 The study of post-harvest physiological changes in pasture plants.
1994 Which? Aug. 58/2 Wax..prevents dehydration, which extends the shelf-life of fresh produce (particularly of citrus fruits whose protective natural wax is lost in post-harvest washing processes and transportation).
post-holiday adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈhɒlᵻdeɪ/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈhɑləˌdeɪ/
ΚΠ
1912 Times 21 Dec. 17/7 Households had occasional purchasers of prompt parcels [of coal],..for early post-holiday needs.
1952 Good Housek. (U.S. ed.) Dec. 166/2 Perfect climax to any Christmas dinner—or it can go right into the freezer and wait for a postholiday party.
1993 Independent on Sunday 12 Sept. (Review Suppl.) 53/3 Giardiasis: The most common cause of post-holiday diarrhoea is giardia lamblia, a parasitic organism that sticks to the wall of the small intestine and stops the gut absorbing food.
post-Incarnation adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɪnkɑːˈneɪʃn/
,
/ˌpəʊstɪŋkɑːˈneɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌɪnˌkɑrˈneɪʃən/
,
/ˌpoʊstˌɪŋˌkɑrˈneɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1899 Westm. Gaz. 19 Jan. 8/2 After general introduction about the Bible, which he illustrated by divisions marked Pre-Incarnation, Incarnation, and Post-Incarnation, he came to deal with St. John's Gospel.
1904 Times 5 Apr. 2/5 In the Annexed Book the Creed was divided by a semicolon between the pre-Incarnation and post-Incarnation articles.
1992 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 86 690/2 The danger, according to Luther, is that Christians will attempt to comprehend the new spiritual truth in terms of the Law, the truth of this (post-Incarnation) moment of history in terms of what came before it.
post-independence adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɪndəˈpɛnd(ə)ns/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌɪndəˈpɛndəns/
ΚΠ
1934 Hispanic Amer. Hist. Rev. 14 109 Accounts of post-independence problems of recognition and other international relationships are included in the last section.
1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 13 Feb. 164/2 The post-independence state is even more centralized than the colonial one.
2003 New Yorker 26 May 51/3 He was one of the few who foresaw the rise of the B. J. P.—now perhaps the most significant political movement in post-Independence India.
post-injury adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊstˈɪn(d)ʒ(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˈɪndʒ(ə)ri/
ΚΠ
1943 Times 21 July 8/4 The decision in regard to post-injury marriages..was both unjust and illogical.
1976 National Observer (U.S.) 3 July 12/6 Whenever you injure a joint..there is a possibility of a permanent residual stiffness or postinjury arthritis.
2001 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 15174/2 Secondary degeneration of the optic nerve axons and their attached RGCs was measured after postinjury application of the fluorescent lipophilic dye..to the lesion site 2 weeks after crush injury.
post-language adj. and adv.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈlaŋɡwɪdʒ/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/
ΚΠ
1946 C. Morris Signs, Lang. & Behavior ii. 47 The latter [sc. proprioceptive stimuli] are..not themselves language signs; since they are substitute signs synonymous with language signs they are properly called post-language symbols.
2003 N.Y. Sun (Nexis) 28 Oct. 15 Friedberger's lyrics were postmodern, even post-language—playful to the point of meaninglessness.
post-lunch adj. and adv.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈlʌn(t)ʃ/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈlən(t)ʃ/
ΚΠ
1958 Public Opinion Q. 22 359 Mid-day hours are considered leisure time for females, but not for males (despite the prevailing custom of the post-lunch siesta).
1992 Wisden Cricket Monthly 26 A mixture of demanding bowling and lax batsmanship saw the four important wickets fall post-lunch.
2002 M. McGrath Silvertown (2003) xxi. 218 After a post-lunch nap they are at the bingo.
post-luncheon adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈlʌn(t)ʃ(ə)n/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈlən(t)ʃən/
ΚΠ
1958 College Composition & Communication 9 64/2 The possibility of a post-luncheon session of the Executive Committee was discussed.
1998 T. C. Boyle Riven Rock 438 A trio of doctors appeared that afternoon, just after Mr. McCormick woke from his postluncheon nap.
post-match adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈmatʃ/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈmætʃ/
ΚΠ
1936 Lima (Ohio) News 16 Dec. 12/2 The Boston light-heavy attempted his usual post-match activity of arguing with Referee Charley Browning and his opponent.
2000 Times 5 Sept. 33/5 Collins and Chris Coleman, his team-mate, have already proved adept at the club's post-match press inquests this season, again easing Tigana away from the spotlight.
post-midnight adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈmɪdnʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈmɪdˌnaɪt/
ΚΠ
1896 Times 18 July 13/1 Unless he can..give the assurance asked in regard to post-midnight procedure, a good deal of adverse criticism may be looked for.
1943 L. B. Lyon Evening in Stepney 18 Post-midnight hours, be born of costlier reverence.
1994 Sci. Amer. Feb. 89/3 The Pripyat Valley would have been better off had the Chernobyl operators been asleep rather than hard at work on their ill-considered postmidnight experiment.
post-Mutiny adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈmjuːtᵻni/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈmjutn̩i/
ΚΠ
1890 Cornhill Mag. Sept. 245 That hoarding has gone on to an enormous extent during the past fifty—more especially during the past thirty (post Mutiny)—years.
1960 R. K. Webb H. Martineau xi. 340 A pamphlet on proposals for post-Mutiny reforms.
1991 Utilitas May 100 After the annexation of Oudh Mill became a stout defender of Canning's bypassing of the taluqdars and a stern critic of the post-Mutiny reversion to a taluqdari settlement.
post-ordination adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɔːdᵻˈneɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌɔrdəˈneɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1852 W. Sparrow Let. 9 Aug. in C. Walker Life & Corr. W. Sparrow (1876) 213 In writing an address for our Commencement, on ‘Post-Ordination Study’, you were much in my thoughts in relation to the matter.
1998 Systematic Biol. 47 208 Pre- and postordination or clustering distance matrices were compared by means of correlation methods.
post-orgasm adj. and adv.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊstˈɔːɡaz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˈɔrˌɡæzəm/
ΚΠ
1973 S. Fisher Female Orgasm vii. 190 The judgments typically portrayed the orgasm and post-orgasm experience as having favorable..connotations.
1994 N. Baker Fermata x. 152 I stood behind her and flashed time on again for a second or two to be sure that, post-orgasm, she didn't suspect that she had company.
post-perestroika adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)pɛrᵻˈstrɔɪ(ᵻ)kə/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə/
ΚΠ
1987 Economist 28 Nov. 51 Even a post-perestroika Russia will not be one where ‘everything can be bought or sold’.
2003 Time Out N.Y. 12 June 93/1 The embodiment of the postperestroika gangster capitalist, Platon leaves behind a tangle of business rivals, personal enemies..and discarded friends.
post-publication adj. and adv.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)pʌblᵻˈkeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌpəbləˈkeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1927 Science New Ser. 18 Mar. 273/1 The actual result is that 6,638 sets have been ordered at the pre-publication price of $35, and several hundred sets at the post-publication price of $60 a set.
1964 E. A. Nida Toward Sci. Translating xi. 251 Incorporating postpublication corrections into subsequent printings.
1986 A. Cashdan Literacy 98 Writers..may receive feedback from those to whom they are willing and able to show the text at a draft stage. They may also receive some comments post-publication.
1990 I. Malley Censorship & Libr. 22 This new legislation adds substantially to the armoury of pre-publication censorship, and together with our more traditional legislation of post-publication censorship, forms a disarming net around freedom of expression.
post-qualification adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kwɒlᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌkwɑləfəˈkeɪʃən/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌkwɔləfəˈkeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1930 Times 8 July 3/2 Applicants..with up to two years' post-qualification experience preferred.
1997 Daily Tel. 29 Oct. 19/7 It underlines the case for a post-qualification admissions system that would allow students to delay applying to university until after they had their A-level results.
post-qualifying adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkwɒlᵻfʌɪɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkwɔləˌfaɪɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1947 Waterloo (Iowa) Daily Courier 11 May 38/7 (heading) Post qualifying prize of $10,000 at Indianapolis.
1974 Statistician 23 69 The result of these difficulties may be that statistics will become part of post-qualifying training for C.As. [chartered accountants].
1998 Community Care 7 May 37/1 (advt.) You must have at least 5 years' post-qualifying experience.
post-Reformation adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)rɛfəˈmeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌrɛfərˈmeɪʃən/
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > of other specific periods
Georgian1745
romancean1804
early modern1817
federal1838
Jacobean1844
post-Reformation1850
pre-Reformation1855
postcolonial1861
post-Renaissance1874
post-conquest1880
post-conquestual1880
Jacobian1883
post-pyramidal1883
pre-industrial1883
early American1895
bow-and-arrow1899
palaeotechnic1904
Renaissancist1932
steam age1941
Carolinian1949
postcolonialist1957
society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Reformation > [adjective] > after
post-Reformation1850
1850 Dublin Rev. Mar. 145 The elucidation of the post-reformation history of Ireland.
1902 B. Kidd Princ. Western Civilization ix. 315 The various tendencies within the post-Reformation development.
2002 R. E. Webber Younger Evangelicals ii. iv. 78 The pietists were a post-Reformation group that, in response to seventeenth-century head-oriented Protestant Orthodoxy, called for the recovery of a heartfelt Christian faith.
post-Renaissance adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)rᵻˈneɪs(ə)ns/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)rᵻˈneɪsɑːns/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)rᵻˈneɪsɒ̃s/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈrɛnəˌsɑns/
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > of other specific periods
Georgian1745
romancean1804
early modern1817
federal1838
Jacobean1844
post-Reformation1850
pre-Reformation1855
postcolonial1861
post-Renaissance1874
post-conquest1880
post-conquestual1880
Jacobian1883
post-pyramidal1883
pre-industrial1883
early American1895
bow-and-arrow1899
palaeotechnic1904
Renaissancist1932
steam age1941
Carolinian1949
postcolonialist1957
1874 Littell's Living Age 21 Feb. 505/1 We have thus dwelt at some length upon art-work in France during this post-Renaissance period.
1941 Listener 19 June 882/2 The literature of post-Renaissance Europe.
2001 A. Solomon Noonday Demon (2002) viii. 296 Ficino's philosophy, like much post-Renaissance thought on the subject of melancholy, is autobiography.
post-Restoration adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)rɛstəˈreɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌrɛstəˈreɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1876 T. Arnold Man. Eng. Lit. 184 The poets whom we have now to consider belong, both in time and in spirit, to the post-Restoration, or re-actionary school.
1936 Burlington Mag. May 235/2 The more sophisticated productions of the post-Restoration period.
1991 H. Blamires Hist. Lit. Crit. 167 It is a rollicking mock-heroic farce that burlesques the affectations of Restoration and post-Restoration heroic drama.
post-resurrection adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)rɛzəˈrɛkʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌrɛzəˈrɛkʃən/
ΚΠ
1839 S. R. Smith Causes Infidelity Removed 234 If..we can more easily and better describe angels, we will have described saints in their post-resurrection estate.
1884 Christian Commonw. 11 Dec. 112/5 The few weeks of our Lord's post-resurrection life.
1985 M. Green I Believe in Holy Spirit 42 Matthew..is looking forward from an isolated incident in the ministry of Jesus to the continuing mission of the post-resurrection church.
post-revolution adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)rɛvəˈl(j)uːʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌrɛvəˈluʃən/
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [adjective] > before or after
anterevolutional1710
ante-revolutionary1801
post-revolution1838
pre-revolutionary1839
1838 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Jan. 162 That disastrous judgment, which has done so much to embolden mercenary men to unhinge the Constitution whenever a corporate privilege conflicts with sovereign legislation, or post-revolution right attempts to rectify ante-revolution wrong.
1928 Manch. Guardian Weekly 7 Sept. 73/4 The Duce's personal implication in numerous ugly stories of the post-Revolution period.
1990 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Oct. 121 Covarrubias was a star of Mexico's post-revolution youthquake when he arrived in New York in 1923.
post-school adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈskuːl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈskul/
ΘΚΠ
society > education > [adjective] > level of education
advanced1705
postgraduate1858
post-school1898
pre-college1903
pre-professional1909
post-primary1919
postgrad1933
the world > people > person > adult > [adjective] > relating to adulthood
mature1524
grown-up1852
post-pubertal1886
post-school1898
post-puberty1911
post-puberal1937
1898 Cosmopolitan Oct. 665/1 We must rely on post-school education..to continue..the process of education which has been begun in the elementary grades.
1939 H. M. Miner St. Denis ix. 193 The young school child wants to have cards, ice skates, and a bicycle, because these amusements are those of postschool children.
1988 Independent 21 Apr. 19/7 In one of the few comprehensive post-school colleges, the department [of science] offers a degree.
post-seizure adv. and adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsiːʒə/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsiʒər/
ΚΠ
1953 Science New Ser. 27 Mar. 325/1 Ten hr postseizure (12 hr following the last injection of ACTH or H2O) all animals were killed.
1995 European Jrnl. Neurosci. 7 1527 The sustained increase of BDNF protein in these limbic structures is involved in prolonged post-seizure phenomena, including peptidergic alterations.
post-Sputnik adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈspʊtnɪk/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈspʌtnɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈspʊtnɪk/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈspətnɪk/
ΚΠ
1957 N.Y. Herald Tribune 25 Nov. 19/1 There is no doubt that post-Sputnik Washington is a different city and a different atmosphere.
1977 Dædalus Fall 80 Many of the post-Sputnik educational programs were in fact based on this conclusion.
2002 Business Week 14 Oct. 148/2 Some experts now question whether the space sector will ever duplicate its stellar performance in the post-Sputnik era.
post-surrealist n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)səˈrɪəlɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)səˈriəlᵻst/
ΚΠ
1938 D. Thomas Let. 6 July in Sel. Lett. (1966) 205 It's a crack at young Georgians,..intellectual muckpots leaning on a theory, post-surrealists and orgasmists.
1951 N. Rorem Paris Diary (1966) i. 7 She encouraged gaudy and exhibitionistic comportment..partly to give herself an identity with the post-surrealist gang she hung out with.
1952 A. Koestler Arrow in Blue xxiv. 224 But none of the existentialists, post-surrealists..had the guts to speak his opinion.
1992 Brighton Festival Catal. 24 Drawings, acrylic and oil-paintings—post surrealist images. Some material may be considered ‘controversial’.
post-symbolist n. and adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsɪmb(ə)lɪst/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsɪmbl̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsɪmbələst/
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [adjective] > specific movement or period
classical1546
pastoral1566
classic1597
Medicean1652
romantic1812
tedesco1814
realistic1829
realista1832
pseudo-classic1833
classicist1838
pseudo-classical1838
renaissant1839
modernist1848
post-classic1850
post-classical1851
pseudo-Gothic1853
classicizing1865
classicistic1866
serio-grotesque1873
geometric1877
neoclassical1877
modernistic1878
neoclassic1878
pseudo-archaic1878
William Morris1883
protocorinthian1884
veristic1884
William and Mary1886
Yuan1888
romanticistic1889
veritistic1894
auto-destructive1895
pre-Romantic1895
Trajanic1906
neo-realistic1909
New Romantic1909
neo-realist1912
futuristic1915
postmodern1916
Dada1918
Dadaist1918
surrealist1918
proto-Romantic1920
expressionistic1921
modernista1924
super-realist1925
superrealistic1925
postmodernist1926
proto-Baroque1926
post-symbolist1927
pre-modernist1927
surrealistic1930
Renaissancist1932
Colonial Revival1934
neo-baroque1935
socialist-realist1935
social realist1949
social realistic1949
kitchen sink1954
William IV1955
formalistic1957
Zhdanovite1957
neo-Dadaist1960
neo-modernist1960
William Morrisy1960
neo-Dada1962
Zhdanovist1966
conceptual1969
conceptualist1973
po-mo1987
pathetic1990
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [adjective] > symbolist or post-symbolist
symbolistic1864
symbolistical1864
symbolic1910
post-symbolist1927
1927 French Rev. 1 i. (front matter) (advt.) Generous selections from the work of the outstanding symbolists and post-symbolists.
1955 D. Davie in C. Tomlinson Necklace 1 Charles Tomlinson has taken note of the experiments and achievements of French symbolism. This does not mean that he belongs to the post-symbolist ‘school’ or the post-symbolist ‘movement’, if there are such things.
1977 Radio Times 29 Oct. 13/4 Nerval's sonnet sequences, Les Chimères..is now recognised as the source of all post-Symbolist and Surrealist poetry.
2000 Slavic Rev. 59 248 What the symbolists hoped to intuit through their work on language and what the postsymbolists thought they had accomplished were diametrically opposed.
post-Union adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈjuːnɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈjunjən/
ΚΠ
1811 F. Plowden Hist. Ireland 1801–10 I. i. 94 Every page of her Post-Union History teems with evidence of his having forced a Rebellion, in order to drown her independence.
1977 Listener 3 Mar. 261/2 The genius of Sir Walter Scott..provided..the corrective to the ‘de-Scoticisation’ of post-Union Scotland.
1994 J. A. Vissers in W. Klempa Burning Bush & Few Acres of Snow 241 This conception of revelation and the church emerged as the theological rationale for the post-union Presbyterian Church in Canada.
post-Watergate adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈwɔːtəɡeɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈwɔdərˌɡeɪt/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈwɑdərˌɡeɪt/
ΚΠ
1973 N.Y. Times 25 Mar. 13/3 In the last analysis ‘Save the Tiger’ is a post-ITT, post-Watergate movie, an apology for corruption.
1974 World Politics 26 249 Post-Watergate hindsight makes more noticeable the importance of old-fashioned moral character.
1989 Gamut Summer 28/1 In 1978 Nixon came out of his post-Watergate seclusion for the first time to dedicate a $2.6 million recreation center in Hyden.
2002 U.S. News & World Rep. 8 Apr. 10/2 President Bush last week signed legislation into law that limits contributions to national political parties, marking the first campaign finance reform since the post-Watergate era.
post-World War adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)wəːld ˈwɔː/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌwər(ə)ld ˈwɔr/
ΚΠ
1924 T. F. Millard Confl. Policies in Asia Foreword p. v The survey includes the post-World War period from the peace conference at Paris to the present.
1957 K. Rexroth in New World Writing No. 11. 32 Many of the post-World War II abstract expressionists..look alike, and do look like accidents.
1997 Nation (N.Y.) 1 Dec. 34/2 He invokes the post-World War II auto industry as a model of democracy for the American art economy, which expanded exponentially in the sixties.
(ii)
postabortion adj. and adv.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstəˈbɔːʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˈbɔrʃən/
Medicine (a) adj. occurring or performed after an abortion; relating to something occurring after an abortion; (b) adv. after an abortion.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [adjective] > operations on sex organs > occurring after an abortion
postabortal1910
post-abortum1910
postabortion1963
1963 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 119 982/2 No known attempts to document statistically the incidence of post-abortion psychiatric illness have been found in American medical literature.
1973 E. C. Payne et al. in H. J. Osofsky & J. D. Osofsky Abortion Experience xii. 272 In even more recent studies, women have been interviewed at a relatively specific time postabortion.
1993 S. J. Ettinger Pocket Compan. Textbk. Vet. Internal Med. c. 600 Large numbers of organisms are shed in the postabortion vaginal discharge.
post-abortum adj. and adv.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstəˈbɔːtəm/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˈbɔrdəm/
[ < post- prefix + classical Latin abortum, accusative of abortus abortion (see abortus n.)] Medicine (a) adv. = postabortion adj. and adv. (b); (b) adj. = postabortion adj. and adv. (a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [adjective] > operations on sex organs > occurring after an abortion
postabortal1910
post-abortum1910
postabortion1963
1910 F. J. Taussig Prevention & Treatm. Abortion vi. 44 There was no fever or odor to the discharge, so that the diagnosis was clearly endometritis post-abortum due to decidual remnants.
1950 Proc. Soc. Study Fertility 1 26 (heading) The re-establishment of ovulation, post-partum and post-abortum.
1981 Contraceptive Delivery Syst. 2 337 The immediate postabortum ML Cu 250 insertion appears to be a safe and acceptable method of contraception.
post-AIDS adj. and adv.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊstˈeɪdz/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˈeɪdz/
(a) adj. of or designating the period since the emergence of the AIDS virus in the early 1980s; (b) adv. since the emergence of the AIDS virus.
ΚΠ
1984 Jrnl. National Cancer Inst. 73 91/1 During the post-Aids period, the 64 U.S. male cases ranged in age from 22 to 94 years, with an average age of 62.0 years.
1986 Times (Nexis) 6 July What is offensive about the sequels is that they are so blandly inoffensive. They offer a safe charter for laughing at queers and, post-Aids, there is something outmoded about this.
2004 Time Out (Nexis) 26 May It's no coincidence that sex-toy awareness has increased post-AIDS.
post-Bang adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈbaŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈbæŋ/
(also post-bang) rare (a) occurring or existing after, and esp. as a result of, the ‘Big Bang’ on the London Stock Exchange in October 1986; (b) occurring or existing after the financial deregulation and radical reforms undertaken in Japan in the late 1990s, colloquially known as the ‘Big Bang’.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [adjective] > deregulation > occurring after
post-Bang1986
1986 Sunday Times 1 June 59/2 The Bank of England is worried that dealing in stocks and shares could become too dispersed after the Big Bang... There is a particular danger of this with the new post-bang gilts market.
1990 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 29 Dec. (Business section) 1 London has 23 equity market makers, down from a post-Bang peak of 33.
1997 Nikkei Weekly (Nexis) 20 Jan. 6 With little rivalry at home, Japanese financial institutions are far from certain to be successful in post-Bang competition against their international rivals.
post-climax n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈklʌɪmaks/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈklaɪˌmæks/
Ecology the point in a plant succession at which development has continued beyond the balanced state of climax (cf. climax n. 5).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > balance of nature > [noun] > replacement of one species by another > climax
climax1899
post-climax1916
preclimax1916
subclimax1916
proclimax1930
polyclimax1933
monoclimax1934
plagioclimax1935
disclimax1936
1916 F. E. Clements Plant Succession vi. 110 If a change of climate results in increased water-content..the sere..continues the development by replacing the climax and it may be termed the post-climax.
1964 V. J. Chapman Coastal Vegetation ix. 215 One must regard the Plantaginatum maritimi as either a post-climax or more properly as a..deflected climax.
1981 Amer. Antiq. 46 551 The modern climate of the Llano Estacado is continental, semiarid and averages 35-50 cm/yr of rainfall..which supports a High Plains-Bluestem Post-climax and a mid-to-short grass.
post-conflict adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkɒnflɪkt/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkɑnˌflɪkt/
following or occurring after a military conflict.
ΚΠ
1929 Daily Northwestern (Oshkosh, Wisconsin) 2 Aug. 1/3 With slight differences involving mutual recognition by the U.S.S.R and China of the post-conflict status of the Chinese Eastern railway, M. Karakhan's formula..was the same as that offered by Tsai.
2002 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Mar. 178/1 Whoever comes to Afghanistan in charge of postconflict political problems will have to deal with very powerful trading networks.
post-conquest adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkɒŋkwɛst/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkɑnˌkwɛst/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkɑŋˌkwɛst/
(a) characteristic of, belonging to, or occurring during, the time of transition immediately following a conquest; (b) spec. (in form post-Conquest) characteristic of, belonging to, or occurring during the period immediately following the Norman Conquest of Britain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > of other specific periods
Georgian1745
romancean1804
early modern1817
federal1838
Jacobean1844
post-Reformation1850
pre-Reformation1855
postcolonial1861
post-Renaissance1874
post-conquest1880
post-conquestual1880
Jacobian1883
post-pyramidal1883
pre-industrial1883
early American1895
bow-and-arrow1899
palaeotechnic1904
Renaissancist1932
steam age1941
Carolinian1949
postcolonialist1957
1880 Times 2 June 5/3 The sale of Mr. Lake Perice's collection of Greek and Roman coins, with many scarce early British, Anglo-Saxon, post-Conquest, and fine specimens of more modern English coinage, has attracted much attention.
1940 Burlington Mag. Aug. 56 Peruvian post-conquest tapestry work.
1976 Jrnl. Medieval Hist. 2 1/1 The balance between French and English in post-Conquest England is still being discussed.
1990 D. Carrasco Relig. Mesoamer. ii. 47 The stone, along with a number of other pre-Columbian and postconquest accounts, depicts the Four ages, or Four Suns, through which the universe passed prior to the present age.
post-consumer adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kənˈsjuːmə/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)kənˈs(j)umər/
(a) following the making of purchases (rare); (b) designating or relating to waste generated by consumers (rather than industry).
ΚΠ
1957 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 28 Aug. 7/2 Other businessmen are worried about..the crimp that the high cost of living is putting on post consumer pocketbooks.
1971 in Use of Recycled Paper by Congr. (Hearing U.S. Senate Comm. Rules & Admin., 92nd Congr., 1st Sess.) 54 His agency will require the inclusion of ‘post-consumer’ wastes in the corrugated fiberboard it buys to line packing cartons.
2003 Org. Style Sept. 12/1 (advt.) The reusable case is 30% natural flax fibers and up to 65% post-consumer recycled aluminum.
post-contact adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkɒntakt/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkɑnˌtækt/
Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology (a) existing or occurring in a place or culture outside Europe after the first contact with Europeans; (b) designating a time or place after such contact.
ΚΠ
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 812/1 The following classes must be carefully discriminated: (a) pre-Columbian, (b) Columbian, (c) pre-contact, (d) first contact, (e)post-contact, (f) present, (g) spurious... Post-contact material is genuine Indian work.
1946 Nature 30 Nov. 769/2 Each article presents chronologically..the data available from earliest times onwards through four hundred years of contact with White civilization... Post-contact change and the absorption of the tribes into European civilization are revealed and traced in as much detail as possible.
1991 A. Martin Walking on Water (1992) 138 What is beyond question is that, in the post-contact era, it was Hawaii that colonized other countries with surfing.
post-creole continuum n.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)ˌkriːəʊl kənˈtɪnjʊəm/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)ˌkreɪəʊl kənˈtɪnjʊəm/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌkrioʊl kənˈtɪnjuəm/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌkreɪoʊl kənˈtɪnjuəm/
Linguistics = creole continuum n. at Creole n. and adj. Compounds 1b.
ΚΠ
1968 Latin-Amer. Res. Rev. Summer 39 In a post-creole continuum like Jamaica the extreme non-standard variety would be unquestionably a creole.
1991 Eng. World-wide 12 215 Gullah, like most of the other creoles mis-characterized as ‘post-creole continua’, is not dying yet and shows no particular symptoms of attrition.
2004 E. W. Schneider in E. W. Schneider et al. Handbk. Varieties Eng. I. 253 The most important parameter of variation here is the class and style stratification that is captured by the notion of a creole (or ‘post-creole’) continuum.
post-deflection adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)dᵻˈflɛkʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)dəˈflɛkʃən/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)diˈflɛkʃən/
Electronics relating to or designating acceleration of an electron or electron beam after its deflection in a cathode ray tube; cf. post-acceleration n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > cathode-ray tube > [adjective] > relating to acceleration of electron beam
post-deflection1943
post-accelerating1946
1943 F. E. Terman Radio Engineers' Handbk. iv. 342 In the post-deflection arrangement the beam is deflected at low velocity.
1950 Electronic Engin. 22 461/1 Two main advantages..in the use of commercially available post deflexion accelerator ( p.d.a.) cathode-ray tubes..are: (i) The attainment of higher screen brightness..and (ii) The problem of insulation in the glass pinch and the base are eased.
1983 IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 30 912/1 Post-deflection focus masks can increase the electron-beam transmission in a color picture tube over that achievable by conventional shadow masks.
post-Disruption adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)dɪsˈrʌpʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌdɪsˈrəpʃən/
(also post-disruption) Church History subsequent to the 1843 schism in the Church of Scotland (see disruption n. 3).
ΚΠ
1887 Times 28 May 8/1 In the Free Church a new departure has been taken in choosing as Moderator a post-Disruption Minister.
1906 Daily Chron. 16 Oct. 3/3 The men and women this preacher-poet knew in his pews in the old post-disruption years.
1985 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 57 556 Above all he was Chalmer's son-in-law and in the heat of the post-Disruption years he no doubt wished to present Chalmers in a most favorable light.
post-emergence adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstᵻˈməːdʒ(ə)ns/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˈmərdʒəns/
,
/ˌpoʊstiˈmərdʒəns/
(a) adj. occurring, performed, or applied after the emergence of seedlings from the soil; (b) n. a soil treatment for killing weeds performed after the emergence of the wanted seedlings from the soil.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > [adjective] > after emergence of seedlings
post-emergence1938
1938 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 25 182/2 Formaldehyde and Chloropicrin were very effective when used in treating soil to control post-emergence damping-off of tomato seedlings.
1955 Sci. News Let. 2 July 10/3 Post-emergence is designed to kill undesirable plants that exist in areas where plants are already growing.
1962 Times 12 Nov. 17/4 Another avenue of research which is leading to useful results is that involving pre-emergence spraying of cereal crops instead of the traditional post-emergence method.
1990 Top Producer Feb. 15/2 Although there were herbicides for postemergence broadleaf control, grass remained a problem.
post-everything adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊstˈɛvrᵻθɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˈɛv(ə)riˌθɪŋ/
chiefly humorous influenced or informed by every cultural event or movement that has gone before.
ΚΠ
1976 College Composition & Communication 27 70/2 [The 1930's passages] seem less than suitable for the post-everything students of the late seventies.
1981 Washington Post (Nexis) 20 Jan. 14 The feeling in this post-civil rights, post-Bakke, post-everything era is that no one should expect any new favors from on high.
2001 Guardian 13 Apr. 14/8 They produce a post jazz, post-rock, post-everything sonic experience that has few parallels or rivals.
post-grunge adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈɡrʌn(d)ʒ/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈɡrəndʒ/
influenced by or occurring after (the advent of) grunge music or its associated subculture.
ΚΠ
1992 Times 1 Aug. (Weekend section) 3/6 They are getting better at playing their instruments and are starting to sound like a conventional post-grunge rock band.
1994 High Life (Brit. Airways) Nov. 112/1 A kaleidoscopic runway of cultural contexts, beginning with the ‘zooties’ of forties Harlem and ending with the Ragga girls and the post-grunge, recycled traveller types you're likely to see in the queue on your way in.
2003 A. Greenwald Nothing feels Good ii. 28 Sunny Day's overwhelming confidence and their intricate songwriting separated them from the Seattle-based pack of post-grunge alt-rock bottom-feeders.
post-hippie adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈhɪpi/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈhɪpi/
following or culturally influenced by the hippie subculture.
ΚΠ
1969 Lima (Ohio) News 9 June 12/2 London's famous Portobello Road, which has become the center of the city's post-hippie generation.
2002 Esquire May 66/2 As post-hippie freak Fiona, the suicidal mother of the young boy Grant reluctantly befriends, Toni Collette deserves a better movie.
post-holocaust adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈhɒləkɔːst/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈhɑləˌkɔst/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈhɑləˌkɑst/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈhoʊləˌkɔst/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈhoʊləˌkɑst/
(a) following a holocaust (in various senses); (b) spec. (frequently in form post-Holocaust) following the Nazi genocide of the Jews in the Second World War (1939–45).
ΚΠ
1933 Helena (Montana) Independent 28 May 12/2 ‘Big Jim’ Morton, paroled hero of the Ohio penitentiary fire, is being hunted by the police again... The difference between the post-holocaust ‘Big Jim’ and the pre-holocaust ‘Big Jim’ was supposed..to be the difference between the Little Lord Fauntleroy and Captain Kidd.
1968 Punch 12 June 865/3 A misfit poet..gets accidentally projected forward..and finds a post-holocaust world that has returned to the ways of the Middle Ages.
1972 German Q. 45 823/2 The authors in this ‘portrait of a community in exile’—the post-holocaust German emigré community—include Thomas Mann, [etc.].
2004 Portland (Maine) Press Herald (Nexis) 3 May 1 b USM's Academic Council for Post-Holocaust Christian, Jewish and Islamic Studies.
postinfection adj. and adv.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɪnˈfɛkʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstᵻnˈfɛkʃən/
Medicine (a) adj. = postinfectious adj. at sense 2a(b)(iii)(2); (b) adv. after infection.
ΚΠ
1930 H. L. Hollingworth Abnormal Psychol. iii. 58 Disorders of infection... Fever Delirium..Infection Delirium..Post-infection Psychoses.
1979 Nature 11 Oct. 487/2 (caption) Infectivity was assayed by setting up 6 culture wells..and counting the number of wells containing transformed foci of proliferating lymphoblasts 20 days postinfection.
2000 A. Karlen Biogr. of Germ xxiii. 160 A postinfection syndrome may result from the immune system not switching off, for reasons still unclear.
postirradiation adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɪreɪdɪˈeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstᵻˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən/
occurring after or as a consequence of irradiation.
ΚΠ
1926 Proc. Royal Soc. 100 172 The mass of the ovary consists of cords of the first post-irradiation proliferation.
2005 Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week (Nexis) 5 Feb. 285 Restenosis was treated by PTA (postirradiation stenosis), and by surgical bypass (atheromatous stenosis).
post-main sequence adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)meɪn ˈsiːkwəns/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌmeɪn ˈsikwəns/
Astronomy designating a star which is too old to lie within the main sequence on a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, i.e. one which no longer has hydrogen fusion at its core and is relatively cool or dim, such as red giant; cf. main adj.2
ΚΠ
1964 Science Nov. 1032/2 R. Kippenhahn surveys progress on post-main-sequence models with inhomogenous composition.
1999 Science 10 Sept. 1716 μ-Cephei is an evolved (post-main sequence) M-type supergiant star.
post-mineral adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈmɪn(ə)rəl/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈmɪn(ə)rl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈmɪn(ə)rəl/
Geology occurring after the formation of a mineral deposit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > sedimentation > [adjective] > before or after deposition
penecontemporaneous1901
post-mineral1907
post-depositional1933
synsedimentary1960
1907 Techn. Lit. Sept. 189/1 It is important to look for evidence of recent or post-mineral faulting that may be connected with the secondary enrichment of the deposits.
1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. iii. 26/1 From the descriptions which are available the pattern of pre- and post-mineral faulting cannot be resolved in detail.
2003 Econ. Geol. 98 287 The geochemical character of young, unconsolidated, postmineral deposits that cover mineralized rocks on the Carlin trend partly results from mineralized sources along the trend.
postnoon n. and adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈnuːn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈnun/
rare (a) n. afternoon; (b) adj. occurring or undertaken after midday.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > afternoon > [noun]
evenOE
overnoonOE
midovernoona1325
afternoonc1330
mid-afternoona1400
undern1470
after-dinner1576
postmeridian1583
evening1587
post meridiem1647
none1656
noon1667
postnoon1686
aft1772
p.m.1776
after1906
pip emma1912
arvo1933
pee em1933
afty1966
1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. xv. 96 At other hours of the Ante-Noon, and Post-Noon more especially.
1968 Times 6 Nov. 3/2 A genuine statistical bias towards either prenoon or postnoon sightings would be important evidence for calculating the orbits of meteorites.
2000 Pittsburgh (Pa.) Post-Gazette (Nexis) 23 June a18 Mr. Baker's vision sounds like a call for prenoon or postnoon lunch hours.
post-ovulation adj. and adv.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɒvjᵿˈleɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌoʊvjəˈleɪʃən/
,
/ˌpoʊstˌɑvjəˈleɪʃən/
Medicine (a) adj. of, relating to, or occurring in the period following ovulation; (b) adv. after ovulation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > [adjective] > relating to sexual activity of
metoestrous1900
post-ovulation1923
lordotic1964
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > reproductive cycle > [adjective] > ovulation
post-ovulatory1922
pre-ovulation1922
post-ovulation1923
ovulating1926
ovulatory1928
post-ovulative1929
preovulatory1932
ovulated1938
superovulated1939
1923 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 66 325 When a bird is killed for such post-ovulation stages care must be taken that a new ovulation stage is not initiated in the meantime.
1951 Jrnl. Clin. Endocrinol. 11 937 Administration of chorionic gonadotropin was begun early in the postovulation period.
1975 Jrnl. Morphol. 146 197 Fertilized golden hamster eggs were examined between 6 and 20 days post-ovulation.
1991 Science 22 Nov. 1135/2 This observation is consistent with the increased mitotic activity of breast cells during the luteal (postovulation) phase of the menstrual cycle when progesterone levels are high.
post-partisan adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈpɑːtᵻz(ə)n/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)pɑːtᵻˈzan/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpɑrdəz(ə)n/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpɑrdəˌzæn/
(a) belonging to a time no longer characterized by the presence of partisans or by partisan beliefs; (b) typified by or characteristic of a lack of zealous support for one particular political party or ideology.
ΚΠ
1962 M. Drachkovitch in S. D. Kertesz et al. E. Central Europe & World xii. 297 The ‘post-partisan’ generation of Yugoslavia does not look at communism with the same eyes as Tito and the leaders of the LCY.
1978 Jrnl. Interdisciplinary Hist. 8 760 The country [sc. the United States] is moving into a more or less wholly post-partisan era.
2001 Brill's Content Feb. 159/1 The rest of its politics are syncretic and postpartisan.
post-pill adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈpɪl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpɪl/
(a) occurring after the oral contraceptive pill became widely available in the early 1960s; (b) following the use of the contraceptive pill over a period of time.
ΚΠ
1968 J. Updike Couples i. 52 Welcome..to the post-pill paradise.
1977 Times 12 Mar. 4/4 Post-pill infertility has been a source of growing concern among women as more of the first generation of pill users have wanted to start families.
2002 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 2 June 16 Post-pill sex is about recreation. It's taken women 40 years to catch on that it's supposed to be fun.
post-puberty adj. and n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈpjuːbəti/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpjubərdi/
(a) adj. = post-pubertal adj. at sense 2a(b)(iv)(2); (b) n. the period of a young person's life immediately following puberty.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > adult > [adjective] > relating to adulthood
mature1524
grown-up1852
post-pubertal1886
post-school1898
post-puberty1911
post-puberal1937
the world > people > person > young person > [adjective] > adolescent > relating to puberty
pubertal1858
post-pubertal1886
post-pubescent1904
prepubescent1904
post-puberty1911
prepuberty1922
1911 Jrnl. Amer. Folk-lore 24 173 The division into pre- and post-puberty groups is a consequence of the sexual instinct.
1943 A. Koestler in Horizon 7 230 But that was still in his early period, a hang-over from adolescence, the nihilistic post-puberty pose.
1981 Washington Post (Nexis) 27 Feb. 39 They have attempted to create a kind of concept album about the pitfalls of post-puberty.
1992 J. W. Hunt Managing People at Work (ed. 3) ii. 31 Post-puberty is the time when peer group friendships may take over from parents as the major influence.
2004 Mirror (Nexis) 23 Sept. 10 Generally there are women who abuse under five-year-olds, women who abuse post puberty boys and or girls aged around 13 to 15, and the co-defendant group who are charged with a male co-conspirator.
post-rave adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈreɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈreɪv/
originally and chiefly British (a) relaxed in mood, in a manner perceived as characteristic of the time immediately after attending a rave; (b) occurring after or influenced by the rave music of the late 1980s and early 1990s, or its associated culture.
ΚΠ
1991 Re: The KLF: Comments & a Question in rec.music.misc (Usenet newsgroup) 22 June They wanted to try and put together an album with that early-AM post-Rave feel to it.
1992 Herald (Glasgow) 2 May 24 The post-rave indie guitar-band era.
2004 Toronto Star (Nexis) 26 Apr. e1 ‘Radioactivity’ was recast as darkly throbbing post-rave techno.
post-sales adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈseɪlz/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈseɪlz/
(a) occurring after the sale of something; (b) spec. designating or relating to support provided by the seller after a buyer has made a purchase; cf. after-sales adj. at after- prefix 3.
ΚΠ
1928 Times 20 Mar. p.xxiv/4 Direct representation,..full post-sales service, time payments, and above all, adequate finance—all these are necessary if the English car is to win out in the most competitive open market in the world.
1993 CAD User Nov. 51/3 The post-sales aspect of process plant design has, until recently, largely been ignored by CAD vendors.
2004 Australian (Nexis) 27 Apr. 32 He is charged with sourcing, coordinating and fulfilling all aspects of pre and post-sales support for..customers, resellers and staff.
post-16 adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)sɪkˈstiːn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌsɪkˈstin/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsɪkˌstin/
(also post-sixteen) British Education designating or relating to education after the age of sixteen.
ΚΠ
1945 Times 4 Jan. 2/1 Secondary modern schools had developed their post-16-year courses.]
1969 Times 31 May 3/4 Direct-grant schools should be seen only as one part of a comprehensive provision of post-16 education.
1999 J. Cassidy Street Life 109 When my post-16 option time arose, I was hit by a complete state of indecisiveness and confusion as to what to do next.
post-tax adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈtaks/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈtæks/
occurring, existing, or (esp.) remaining after the deduction of tax.
ΚΠ
1934 Economica New Ser. 1 365 The conventional treatment tells us nothing of the transition from the pre-tax to the post-tax equilibrium.
1953 Times 10 Mar. 9/6 A redistribution of incomes..has resulted in a very heavy fall in the post-tax incomes of the well-to-do.
1994 Accountancy Sept. 92/1 Pension cost is a significant proportion of post-tax profits, averaging 10.4% in the companies surveyed.
post-yuppie adj. and n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈjʌpi/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈjəpi/
(a) adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of the cultural or economic circumstances following the economic boom in the mid to late 1980s with which yuppies are associated, esp. as typified by a rejection of some of the more materialistic attitudes and values associated with this time; (b) n. a young, wealthy professional, esp. one who rejects some of the more materialistic attitudes or values associated with yuppies.
ΚΠ
1985 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 7 Feb. 16 Does this new rush of interest suggest that we have turned the corner toward a post-Yuppie, more selfless America?
1988 Alfred Hitchcock's Myst. Mag. Feb. 61/2 A new multimillion dollar affair that catered to post-yuppies.
1996 Palm Beach (Florida) Post (Nexis) 9 June h1 The American public, especially the ‘post yuppie’, is into shopping around for one-of-a-kind..or used furniture.
2003 D. Gaines Misfit's Manifesto xvi. 381 Who cares if meditation is a post-yuppie fad, a by-product of our vapid hypermaterialism?
(b) With an adjective (or a Latin or Greek noun given an adjectival ending) as the second element, forming adjectives and related nouns and (occasionally) adverbs.
(i) With adjectives formed from personal names, forming adjectives and (esp. with adjectives in -ian) related nouns; a selection of typical formations is illustrated.
post-Adamic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstəˈdamɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˈdæmɪk/
ΚΠ
1849 H. Miller Foot-prints of Creator 307 We have not, as has been shown, a shadow of evidence that He resumed his work of creation on the morrow: the geologist finds no trace of post-Adamic creation,—the theologian can tell us of none.
1877 J. W. Dawson Origin of World vi. 136 The geologist finds no trace of post-Adamic creation.
1984 Boundary 2 12 23 ‘Natural Man’ and his works, as pertaining to the category of the post-Adamic Fallen Flesh..was thereby being revalued and brought into being as the first secular definition of Lanham's rhetorical man.
post-Alexandrine adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstalᵻɡˈzɑːndrʌɪn/
,
/ˌpəʊstalᵻɡˈzɑːndrɪn/
,
/ˌpəʊstalᵻɡˈzandrʌɪn/
,
/ˌpəʊstalᵻɡˈzandrɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌæləɡˈzændrən/
,
/ˌpoʊstˌæləɡˈzænˌdrin/
,
/ˌpoʊstˌæləɡˈzænˌdraɪn/
ΚΠ
1871 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. 293 The invasion of the Gauls is one of the most interesting events of the post-Alexandrine history.
1901 E. L. Hicks Man. Greek Hist. Inscript. (ed. 2) Pref. An indifference to post-Alexandrine studies too common amongst British scholars.
1988 Amer. Hist. Rev. 93 1302/1 Rhodes was to be the premier state of the post-Alexandrine era.
post-Aristotelian adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstarᵻstəˈtiːlɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌɛrəstəˈtiliən/
ΚΠ
1852 Biblical Repertory July 525 The Post-Aristotelian Philosophy.
1936 J. R. Kantor Objective Psychol. Gram. viii. 100 The post-Aristotelian subjectivists divided the individual into soul and body.
2001 Washington Times (Nexis) 8 Sept. d1 Plenty of choices are available for those who like their catharsis post-Aristotelian.
post-Buddhistic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)bʊˈdɪstɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)buˈdɪstɪk/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)bʊˈdɪstɪk/
ΚΠ
1879 J. Jacobs in 19th Cent. Sept. 490 The analogous..Triune Deity of post-Buddhistic Brahmanism.
1976 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 36 176/1 It is not possible that cetiyas were places connected with such non-Buddhistic cults [i.e. worship of yakkhas] as we witness at a post-Buddhistic age.
post-Cartesian adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kɑːˈtiːzɪən/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)kɑːˈtiːʒn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌkɑrˈtiʒən/
ΚΠ
1874 St. G. Mivart in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 782 If post-cartesian philosophy has been so wanting in positive results.
1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Sept. 674/2 A particularly satisfying classification of the great seminal post-Cartesian theories of knowledge.
2001 Cross Currents (Nexis) 50 431 By recovering the tradition of Aristotle and Aquinas, with its conviction that the human mind can know reality and not merely its interpretation of reality, modernity can grow beyond the blinkered vision of post-Cartesian rationality.
post-Chomskyan adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈtʃɒmskɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈtʃɑmskiən/
ΚΠ
1965 Biennial Rev. Anthropol. 4 87 Bright reports the appearance of several alternative post-Chomskyan systems.
1997 Jrnl. Near Eastern Stud. 56 71/2 David Volgger's Notizen takes a new look at Tiberian Hebrew phonology from the vantage point of post-Chomskyan general linguistics.
post-Coleridgean adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kəʊlˈrɪdʒɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌkoʊlˈrɪdʒiən/
(also post-Coleridgian)
ΚΠ
1891 Mason Coll. Mag. Feb. 66 The nineteenth century yielded some fine post-Coleridgean ballads, but their number was not large.
1913 B. Perry in Lect. on Five-foot Shelf of Bks. VII. iii. 22 Though the student of poetical theory can easily claim that such sentences as these are post-Coleridgean, they are really timeless, like the glorious spirit of Shelley itself.
1956 T. E. Hulme in M. Krieger New Apologists for Poetry i. 37 Basic to the meaning of imagination as this word has influenced our post-Coleridgean critical tradition.
2010 N. Birns Theory After Theory ii. 112 Jameson was very interested in allegory, and he joined with de Man in wresting away symbol's post-Coleridgean hegemony within the symbol-allegory distinction.
post-Columbian adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kəˈlʌmbɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)kəˈləmbiən/
of, relating to, or characteristic of the period since Christopher Columbus reached the Americas.
ΚΠ
1855 G. R. Gliddon in J. C. Nott & G. R. Gliddon Types of Mankind (ed. 7) iii. ii. 650 What of history has been made for Indian nations by post-Columbian foreigners, results equally from the matured philology of Gallatin.
1972 A. W. Crosby Columbian Exchange ii. 39 The record of early post-Columbian medical history of America was never kept carefully and much of it has been erased since.
2001 Guardian (Nexis) 21 July 8 Flannery retells the tragic story of post-Columbian human colonisation in a distinctively ecological register.
post-Constantinian adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kɒnst(ə)nˈtɪnɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌkɑnstənˈtɪniən/
ΚΠ
1865 Biblical Repertory Oct. 574 Most of them [sc. lists of martyrs] originated, at least in their present form, in the post-Constantinian age.
1901 Athenæum 27 July 132/1 In other baptisteries of the post-Constantinian age.
1994 Church Times 30 Dec. 8/1 Anglican bishops, through no fault of their own, are post-Constantinian prelates with little to do either with New Testament or essential Catholic order.
post-Darwinian adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)dɑːˈwɪnɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌdɑrˈwɪniən/
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > theories > [adjective] > of origin or development of life
animalistic1739
panspermic1857
post-Darwinian1865
vitalistic1865
nomogenous1869
biogenetic1870
monogenetic1873
biogenetic1879
vitalistic1891
ovistic1893
biogenic1901
hologenetic1936
young-earth1979
1865 J. D. Hooker Let. 3 Nov. in C. Darwin Corr. (2002) XIII. 293 The Forest trees & bees sounds very post-Darwinian! The Edwardsia may have floated there from S. America, Good!
1939 Mind 48 528 In continuity with his previous books, Dewey is anxious to be a post-Darwinian Mill developing ‘the science of evidence’ in close connection with all the sciences.
1994 K. Kelly Out of Control xix. 366 He could not imagine..the mind doing anything else with itself than what it did in post-darwinian or schopenhauerian pessimism: to go on contemplating the horrors of existence.
post-Davidic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)dəˈvɪdɪk/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)deɪˈvɪdɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)dəˈvɪdɪk/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌdeɪˈvɪdɪk/
ΚΠ
1867 Biblical Repertory Apr. 261 The contents of some of the post-Davidic psalms plainly indicate the occasion on which they were composed.
1996 French Hist. Stud. 19 791 The post-Davidic history of the kingdom of Israel is filled with such behavior.
post-Elizabethan adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstᵻlɪzəˈbiːθn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˌlɪzəˈbiθən/
,
/ˌpoʊstiˌlɪzəˈbiθən/
ΚΠ
1874 Galaxy Feb. 183 His [sc. Ben Jonson's] eminence as a writer, his scholarship, and his long occupancy of a sort of literary throne in the Elizabethan and post-Elizabethan period of our literature, give him that position.
1965 Eng. Stud. 46 425 The major post-Elizabethan dramatists.
1997 Shakespeare Q. 49 218 The author effectively imagines the..impact of Lear's division of his kingdom on Shakespeare's post-Elizabethan audiences.
post-Hegelian adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊsthɪˈɡeɪlɪən/
,
/ˌpəʊstheɪˈɡeɪlɪən/
,
/ˌpəʊsthiːˈɡiːlɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊsthəˈɡeɪliən/
ΚΠ
1865 M. Arnold Spinoza in Ess. in Crit. 268 Long ago as he lived, he had even then reached the point to which the post-Hegelian philosophy and the study of natural science has only just brought our own times.
1909 W. James Pluralistic Universe v. 184 Royce makes by far the manliest of the post-hegelian attempts to read some empirically apprehensible content into the notion of our relation to the absolute mind.
2002 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 5 Dec. 62/3 It captures in crystalline form the post-Hegelian conviction..that philosophy has alienated us from what is most our own and that thought must find its way back to everyday experience.
post-Hesiodic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊsthiːsɪˈɒdɪk/
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U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌhisiˈɑdɪk/
ΚΠ
1895 A. Nutt Voy. Bran I. 270 As far as post-Hesiodic literature is concerned [etc.].
1910 Trans. & Proc. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 41 184 The post-Hesiodic paradise or Golden Age.
1997 Classical Q. New Ser. 47 35 Note also how the post-Hesiodic final section of the Theogony formulaically emphasises the responsibility of ‘golden Aphrodite’ for a number of such mixed unions which produce undesirable or unfortunate children.
post-Homeric adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊsthə(ʊ)ˈmɛrɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌhoʊˈmɛrɪk/
ΚΠ
1810 C. Lamb Let. 10 Mar. in Lett. C. & M. A. Lamb (1978) III. 47 I should suspect these personifications are the Translator's. They sound post-Homeric.
1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece II. i. xviii. 17 The Post-Homeric legends are adapted to a population classified quite differently.
1994 H. Bloom Western Canon iii. xiv. 335 When Tolstoy compares himself to Homer we are persuaded, as no other post-Homeric writer could persuade us.
post-Humian adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈhjuːmɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈhjumiən/
(also post-Humean)
ΚΠ
1909 W. James Pluralistic Universe v. 210 This being our post-humian and post-kantian state of mind, I will ask your permission to leave the soul wholly out of the present discussion.
1961 Encounter Jan. 16 The Humian and post-Humian side.
1998 New Eng. Q. 71 145 It..illuminates the way Melville used Religio Medici and Pseudodoxia Epidemica..as models for his own post-Humean epistemological stance.
post-Jamesian adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈdʒeɪmzɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈdʒeɪmziən/
ΚΠ
1934 Jrnl. Philos. 31 577 What the post-Jamesian psychologists have in fact so far discovered has not answered Locke's questions.
1960 J. Bayley Characters of Love iv. 258 Both D. H. Lawrence and E. M. Forster use them [sc. symbolic patterns] in a discernibly post-Jamesian manner.
1997 Amer. Lit. Hist. 9 703 The ‘distinction of genre between such-and-such a profound “psychological” novel of today and such-and-such a masterly “detective” novel of today’..is not a promising sign of the seriousness of the post-Jamesian novelist but lamentable evidence of cultural ill health.
post-Kantian n. and adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkantɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkɑntiən/
ΚΠ
1812 H. C. Robinson Diary 3 May in On Bks. & their Writers (1938) I. 70 Coleridge is indignant at the low estimation in which the Post-Kantians affect to treat their master.
1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic I. i. iii. 79 His philosophical views are generally those of the post-Kantian movement, represented by Schelling and Hegel.
1900 Pilot 3 Nov. 549/2 The constructive a priori post-Kantian philosophy of the great German speculative thinkers of eighty years ago.
1990 Christianity Today Mar. 19/1 The life together of this post-Kantian community begins, not by an announcement of the inbreaking of God's kingdom, but rather by the proclamation that each of us is free to discover our own ethics.
post-Keynesian adj. and n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkeɪnzɪən/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkiːnzɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkeɪnziən/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkinziən/
ΚΠ
1946 Rev. Econ. Statistics 28 118/2 In the post-Keynesian, Keynes-inspired literature it has been more and more questioned whether the rate of interest is really such an important factor.
1975 Times Lit. Suppl. 18 July 811/3 Post-Keynesians who instinctively treat saving and investment as different activities.
1977 Dædalus Fall 61 Post-Keynesian and econometric studies in economics.
1991 Oxf. Econ. Papers 43 185 Joan Robinson, as good a ‘post-Keynesian’ as any, I have always understood to share the same doubts about 1955 Kaldorism.
post-Marxist adj. and n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈmɑːksɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈmɑrksəst/
[compare French post-marxiste (1931), post-marxien (1931)]
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [adjective] > relating to Marxism > after Marx
post-Marxist1939
1939 W. J. Blake Elem. Marxian Econ. Theory ii. 363 His [sc. Lenin's] is the only integrated system of post-Marxist thought based entirely on the corpus of Marxian economic theory.
1949 G. B. Shaw Buoyant Billions i. 17 In your time the young were post-Marxists and their fathers pre-Marxists.
1990 R. Young White Mythologies: Writing Hist. & West 27 Merleau-ponty, whose anticipations of later post-Marxists such as Foucault and Lyotard are readily apparent.
2000 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 5 Oct. 31/2 It looks better than the phony and demagogic brand of populism that has become a familiar part of the post-Marxist, Bush-friendly landscape.
post-Mosaic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)mə(ʊ)ˈzeɪɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌmoʊˈzeɪɪk/
ΚΠ
1844 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 43 We plead guilty..to a belief in all the Scriptures, in ante-Abrahamic and post-Mosaic revelations.
1884 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. III. 1791 Post-Mosaic events and customs.
1997 Jrnl. Polit. 59 280 After surveying the three post-Mosaic regimes—those of the warlord Joshua, the Judges, and the divinely anointed monarchs—Pangle infers from Samuel's condemnation of the latter that the biblical God seems to ‘prefer the turbulence’ of the era of the Judges.
post-Nietzschean adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈniːtʃɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈnitʃiən/
ΚΠ
1917 W. M. Salter Nietzsche i. 4 We shall be speaking of a pre-Nietzschean and a post-Nietzschean period in philosophical, and particularly in ethical and social, analysis and speculation.
1928 A. Huxley in Vogue 28 Nov. 122/3 A form which the critical intelligence of post-Nietzschean youth can respect.
1991 Oxf. Art Jrnl. 14 94/2 The categories of the sublime and the beautiful have been revived in order to wage war upon the Enlightenment heritage with post-Nietzschean irrationalism.
post-Pauline adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)ˈpɔːlʌɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpɔˌlaɪn/
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/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpɑˌlaɪn/
ΚΠ
1854 N. Amer. Rev. July 254 He forgets the unquestionable post-Pauline origin of some of the questions and controversies now rife.
1885 E. Hatch in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 427/1 In the later and the probably post-Pauline epistles the apocalyptic elements are rare.
1995 Speculum 70 363 The post-Pauline biblical writers set the seal on female submission and reproductive capacity.
post-Petrine adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈpiːtrʌɪn/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈpɛtrʌɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpiˌtraɪn/
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/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpɛˌtraɪn/
ΚΠ
1907 N.E.D. at Post- prefix Post-Petrine.
1948 R. A. Schermerhorn in H. Becker & R. Hill Family, Marriage, & Parenthood i. iv. 115 Hereditary tendencies appeared in the Orthodox church of post-Petrine Russia (after Peter the Great, who ruled from 1689 to 1725). Under this new trend the priesthood often passed from father to son in the same parish.
1992 E. Acton Present & Past, Russia 52 Although the post-Petrine State was much more formidable than that of Muscovy, there remained very real constraints upon the options open to the Tsar.
post-Saussurean adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)səʊˈs(j)ʊərɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌsoʊˈs(j)ʊriən/
ΚΠ
1949 J. R. Firth in Archivum Linguisticum 1 110 Slav linguistics..are certainly post-Saussurean and showing signs even in America of becoming post-Bloomfield.
1994 Appl. Linguistics 15 121 Fairclough is not looking for a relationship between language and society in the dichotomizing fashion of post-Saussurean linguistics.
post-Socratic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)səˈkratɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)səˈkrædɪk/
ΚΠ
1863 J. W. Draper Hist. Intellect. Devel. Europe v. 121 We have now to see how the post-Socratic [philosophy] ended in the Skeptics.
1911 R. A. P. Rogers Short Hist. Ethics i. iii. 82 Aristotle's conception of the ideal life..illustrates a characteristic common to the post-Socratic Greek philosophers.
2001 S. Walton Out of It (2002) ii. 21 By the time of the great post-Socratic philosophers Plato and Aristotle,..the cult of Dionysos was the most widely practised of all Hellenistic religious observances.
post-Solomonic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)sɒləˈmɒnɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌsɑləˈmɑnɪk/
ΚΠ
1883 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. II. 1160 In the post-Solomonic time, the city grew in the neighbourhood of the temple.
1989 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 109 136/1 I give a very brief statement about the main content of each... Steven Kaplan: rise of the practice and influence of monasticism in post-Solomonic Ethiopia.
post-Wagnerian n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)vaɡˈnɪərɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌvɑɡˈnɪriən/
ΚΠ
1895 Scribner's Mag. Mar. 385/2 The philosophical gist of the curse Music has run from the days of its first manhood down to the present time—from the age of Palestrina to the post-Wagnerians of our own.
1895 G. B. Shaw in Liberty (N.Y.) 27 July 3/1 A post-Wagnerian reaction.
1954 Times 27 Aug. 9/1 Having worked the virus of post-Wagnerian decadence of the Romantic movement out of his system [Schönberg] turned to quite other, though hardly more attractive, paths to the future.
1990 Gramophone May 1981/2 A composer much given to melancholic and pantheistic soul-states, besotted with the language of post-Wagnerian late romanticism.
2001 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. Sentinel (Nexis) 23 Dec. 5 e Brahms' ‘A German Requiem’..was a humane and comforting antidote to Romantic extremism and the seething ids and egos of the post-Wagnerians.
(ii) Geology. Forming adjectives and nouns relating to or denoting the period of time following that division of geological time denoted by the second element.
post-Cambrian n. and adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkambrɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkæmbriən/
(cf. Precambrian adj.).
ΚΠ
1875 J. Croll Climate & Time xx. 345 The longer we suppose the pre-Cambrian periods to have been, the shorter must we suppose the post-Cambrian to be.
1934 Geol. Mag. 71 303 The view that the Moines are Torridonian metamorphosed in post-Cambrian time is associated with the name of Peach.
1993 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. (ed. 3) xi. 348/1 The transverse ocular ridges that are normal in Cambrian trilobites.., are rarely present in post-Cambrian trilobites.
post-Cretacean adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)krᵻˈteɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)krəˈteɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 21 Living and post-cretacean forms.
1911 Amer. Naturalist 45 550 In post-Cretacean times there was a broad connection between the three Greater Sunda Islands and Asia.
1989 M. A. Crawford et al. in A. J. Vergroesen & M. A, Crawford Role of Fats Human Nutrition (ed. 2) iii. 83 All mammals, and indeed most animal and even post-Cretacean plant species, use lipid as a storage phenomenon.
post-Cretaceous adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)krᵻˈteɪʃəs/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)krəˈteɪʃəs/
ΚΠ
1877 Amer. Naturalist 11 458 Such was the character of the great post-Cretaceous uplift that there were left broad, deep continental basins above the level of the sea.
1999 Systematic Biol. 48 107 Paleontologists long have argued that the most important evolutionary radiation of mammals occurred during the early Cenozoic, if not that all eutherians originated from a single common post-Cretaceous ancestor.
post-Pleistocene adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈplʌɪstəsiːn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈplaɪstəˌsin/
ΚΠ
1892 Science 9 Dec. 332/2 At one place the materials in the margin of the terrane appear to have been beautifully sorted in Pleistocene or post-Pleistocene time.
1937 A. D. Howard Hist. Grand Canyon of Yellowstone ii. 104 The dense forest cover makes it impossible to say whether or not the gorge is a post-Pleistocene trench in the floor of a larger depression.
2003 New Yorker (Nexis) 15 Dec. 71 In the eleven miles between Cromwell's Falls and Amoskeag Falls, in Manchester, the Merrimack ran (and still runs) on its post-Pleistocene gradient, white in its bouldered rapids.
(iii) Medicine. Forming adjectives designating conditions, symptoms, etc., occurring after a disease, attack, etc., denoted by the second element (esp. as a consequence of the disease or attack, or as the next stage in the course of a disease, etc.).
(1)
post-apoplectic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstapəˈplɛktɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌæpəˈplɛktɪk/
ΚΠ
1907 N.E.D. at Post- Post-apoplectic.
1959 Tohoku Jrnl. Exper. Med. 70 141 (heading) Cerebral circulation and metabolism in hypertensive postapoplectic patients.
2004 Folia Neuropathol. 42 75 Postapoplectic cavities and white matter spongiosis decreasing with increase in distance from the cavity were observed.
post-ascitic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstəˈsɪtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˈsɪdɪk/
ΚΠ
1905 H. D. Rolleston Dis. Liver 226 The patient..passes into what may be spoken of as a post-ascitic stage.
1983 Gut 24 412 The results support the hypothesis that ascitic collagen is important in the pathogenesis of intravascular coagulation postascitic fluid infusion.
post-diphtheritic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)dɪfθəˈrɪtɪk/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)dɪpθəˈrɪtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌdɪpθəˈrɪdɪk/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌdɪfθəˈrɪdɪk/
ΚΠ
1863 R. Ludlam Clin. Lect. Diphtheria 32 Post-diphtheritic abscesses, if numerous, will cause you no slight anxiety.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 859 Post-diphtheritic anæsthesia tends to disappear..in the course of five or six weeks.
1987 Ann. Otol., Rhinol. & Laryngol. 96 527 We speculate that this unusual case most likely represents a postdiphtheritic selective pharyngeal paralysis.
post-encephalitic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɛnsɛfəˈlɪtɪk/
,
/ˌpəʊstɛnkɛfəˈlɪtɪk/
,
/ˌpəʊstɛŋkɛfəˈlɪtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstɛnˌsɛfəˈlɪdɪk/
,
/ˌpoʊstᵻnˌsɛfəˈlɪdɪk/
ΚΠ
1923 Brain 46 268 Post-encephalitic Parkinsonism is usually due to degeneration of the substantia nigra.
1961 Lancet 23 Sept. 683/2 Since then, she has had postencephalitic epilepsy.
1991 Acta Neuropathologica 81 517/1 In Alzheimer's disease.., postencephalitic parkinsonism and Down's syndrome, one of the most prominent morphological changes is the presence of numerous neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the cerebral cortex.
post-epileptic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɛpᵻˈlɛptɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌɛpəˈlɛptɪk/
ΚΠ
1875 J. H. Jackson in W. Riding Lunatic Asylum Med. Rep. 5 111 The automatism in these cases is not, I think, ever epileptic, but always post-epileptic.
1905 Daily Chron. 3 June 6/3 In a post-epileptic state, unconscious of her acts—a sleep-walking condition.
1993 Isis 84 506 A sequence of texts on the subject..reveals a growing interest in the concept of ‘hysterical epilepsy’ and ‘post-epileptic hysteria’ in preference to the earlier view of Charcot.
post-epileptiform adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɛpᵻˈlɛptᵻfɔːm/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌɛpəˈlɛptəˌfɔrm/
ΚΠ
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 333 Observed in post-epileptiform paralysis.
1981 Neurosci. Lett. 22 159 Effects of intracellular injections of chloride and EGTA on postepileptiform-burst hyperpolarizations in hippocampal neurons.
post-herpetic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊsthəːˈpɛtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌhərˈpɛdɪk/
ΚΠ
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 887 Sciatica, post-herpetic and other neuralgias.
1951 Times 9 Oct. 6/7 Mr. McKell has been under medical treatment for post-herpetic neuralgia.
1994 Health Facts May 1/1 Two drugs are prescribed for the prevention of postherpetic neuralgia, the disabling pain that can persist long after the acute phase of shingles is over.
post-infective adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɪnˈfɛktɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstᵻnˈfɛktɪv/
ΚΠ
1910 H. W. Armit tr. P. Ehrlich & A. Lazarus Anæmia iii. 167 The Post-infective Form of Eosinophilia... There may even be a distinct eosinophilic leucocytosis.
2004 Gastroenterology 127 826 Lactobacillus paracasei may be useful in the treatment of postinfective irritable bowel syndrome.
post-influenzal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɪnflʊˈɛnzl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌɪnˌfluˈɛnz(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 294 A result of the post-influenzal exhaustion of the nervous centres.
1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xxxii. 416 There is..no doubt about its pathogenicity for man, as it [sc. Haemophilus influenzae (Pfeiffer's bacillus)] is frequently the causative agent of post-influenzal bronchopneumonia.
1982 V. Alcock Sylvia Game i. 8 The doctor would not hear of it. She was suffering from post-influenzal depression, he said next morning, and needed building up.
post-paralytic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)parəˈlɪtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌpɛrəˈlɪdɪk/
ΚΠ
1907 N.E.D. at Post- Post-paralytic.
1939 N.Y. City Guide (Federal Writers' Project) 471 Among its [sc. the hospital's] innovations are a swimming pool for post-paralytic cases.
2002 Exper. Neurol. 178 207 The reason for this postparalytic syndrome is poor navigation of regrowing axons.
post-paroxysmal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)parəkˈsɪzm(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌpɛrɑkˈsɪzm(ə)l/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)pəˌrɑkˈsɪzm(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1876 J. H. Jackson in W. Riding Lunatic Asylum Med. Rep. 6 266 The temporary state of the patient immediately after the paroxysm—which will be called the post-paroxysmal condition.
1967 Biol. Abstr. 48 7986/2 (heading) Character of the clinical progress of adolescent rheumatism in post-paroxysmal period.
1985 Jrnl. Neurophysiol. 53 1098 In the postparoxysmal phase..a small residual SP [= sustained potential] shift was observed in both soma and dendrite layers.
post-scarlatinal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)skɑːləˈtiːnl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)skɑrləˈtin(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1853 J. Laurie Elem. Homoeopathic Pract. of Physic 601 The cause of post scarlatinal dropsy is attributable to the passage of the debris of the fever through the tubuli uriniferi.
1938 Science 11 Mar. 230/2 You had meanwhile promulgated the idea that post-scarlatinal diseases were allergic in nature.
1998 P. F. Paquier & H. R. van Dongen in A. Basso et al. Aphasia in Atypical Populations iii. 76 Moschini..reported on the occurrence of a postscarlatinal hemiplegia complicated by motor aphasia in a 5-year-old boy.
post-syphilitic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)sɪfᵻˈlɪtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌsɪf(ə)ˈlɪdɪk/
ΚΠ
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 145 Drugs cannot influence a post-syphilitic cicatrix.
1953 F. Alexander in C. Kluckhohn & H. A. Murray Personality in Nature, Society & Culture (ed. 2) ii. xxvi. 423 Mental diseases, whenever they could not be retraced to infectious origin, such as the postsyphilitic conditions, were explained on a hereditary basis.
post-typhoid adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈtʌɪfɔɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈtaɪˌfɔɪd/
ΚΠ
1864 E. M. Hale New Remedies 184 Dr. Ludlam writes me—‘Perhaps in the whole range of its clinical virtues there is no more satisfactory and really valuable use which can be made of the Gelseminum than in the treatment of those intermittents which might properly be styled post-typhoid’.
1991 Daily Tel. 16 Feb. 5/2 Recent research has shown that post-typhoid psychosis, which led to hallucinations, lasted only around two weeks.
(2)
post-convulsive adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kənˈvʌlsɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)kənˈvəlsɪv/
[compare French post-convulsif (1895)] Medicine subsequent to a convulsion.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [adjective] > convulsions
stronga1616
convulsific1634
post-convulsive1907
1907 W. A. Turner Epilepsy vi. 129 A third epileptic, whose post-convulsive symptoms were mainly of the nature of cataleptic rigidity and dementia.
1974 E. Niedermeyer Compend. Epilepsies xi. 187 A post-convulsive sleep may ensue for a few hours.
1996 Pharmacol. & Toxicol. 79 305 Their levels returned to normal during the postconvulsive state.
post-febrile adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈfiːbrʌɪl/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈfɛbrʌɪl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈfɛˌbraɪl/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈfiˌbraɪl/
Medicine occurring after an attack of fever.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [adjective]
feverousa1393
feverisha1398
febrousc1425
febrilous1651
febrile1666
febrific1749
pyrexial1787
pyrectic1822
pyretic1850
post-febrile1874
1874 J. C. Bucknill & D. H. Tuke Man. Psychol. Med. (ed. 3) 376 A prolongation of the delirium when the fever has subsided,..intended by the term ‘Post-Febrile Insanity’.
1956 Science 29 June 1156/1 G. R. Nugent and I in 1952 investigated 83 patients by means of daily eosinophile counts during the febrile and postfebrile periods.
1993 Jrnl. Indian Med. Assoc. 91 290 (heading) Postfebrile depressive reaction in children.
post-choreic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kɔːˈriːɪk/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)kɒˈriːɪk/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)kəˈriːɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)kəˈriɪk/
Medicine subsequent to an attack of chorea; having undergone an attack of chorea.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [adjective] > chorea
choreatic1806
choreal1861
choreic1875
post-choreic1899
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 854 Post-choreic paralysis is sometimes well-marked.
1976 Neurology 26 601 A group of 10 postchoreic patients who had two or more signs could be identified.
post-hemiplegic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊsthɛmɪˈpliːdʒɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌhɛməˈplidʒɪk/
[compare French posthémiplégique (1897)] Medicine following an attack of hemiplegia.
ΚΠ
1897 Trans. Amer. Pediatric Soc. 9 158 An undoubted example of post-hemiplegic tremor.
1998 Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 100 46 Posthemiplegic focal limb or hemidystonias are rare movement disorders usually due to vascular lesions of the contralateral basal ganglia.
postinfectious adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɪnˈfɛkʃəs/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstᵻnˈfɛkʃəs/
Medicine occurring after an infection; caused by or associated with or a previous infection.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [adjective] > infectious
contagiousc1374
infectivea1398
smitting?c1450
infected1480
infectuous1495
infecting1539
infectious1575
smittle1583
catching1594
contaminous1599
taking1608
communicative1741
malignant1822
contaminative1826
zymotic1842
smittling1845
infectant1855
autoinfective1874
catchy1884
toxo-infectious1907
postinfectious1913
1913 Lancet 9 Aug. 366/2 Post-infectious lesions of the ductless glands.
1981 Southern Med. Jrnl. 74 1338 This immune complex glomerulonephritis was thought possibly to be postinfectious in origin.
2005 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 11404/1 Molecular mimicry between microbial and self-components is postulated as the mechanism that accounts for the antigen and tissue specificity of immune responses in postinfectious autoimmune diseases.
postinflammatory adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɪnˈflamət(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstᵻnˈflæməˌtɔri/
Medicine subsequent to inflammation; resulting from inflammation.
ΚΠ
1908 Practitioner Jan. 40 Post-inflammatory stricture... By far the greatest number of [urethral] strictures are of this kind.
1996 Pulse 20 Apr. 9 (advt.) Other known symptoms are skin irritation at the application site; allergic contact dermatitis with post inflammatory pruritus and generalised exanthema [etc.]
postischaemic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɪˈskiːmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstɪˈskimɪk/
(a) occurring after an episode of ischaemia; (b) resulting from an episode of inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body.
ΚΠ
1956 Jrnl. Neurochem. 19 281 (title) Ischaemic and postischaemic paraesthesiae in polyneuritis.
1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 112/1 Oxygen free radicals may be causative and play a role in the pathogenesis of postischaemic renal failure.
post-neuritic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)njᵿˈrɪtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)n(j)ʊˈrɪdɪk/
Medicine subsequent to an attack of neuritis.
ΚΠ
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 383 Total loss of vision dependent on post-neuritic atrophy.
1978 Brit. Jrnl. Ophthalmol. 62 462 Cases of postneuritic optic atrophy showed a very uniform pattern of almost completely constricted visual fields.
2000 Stuart (Florida) News (Nexis) 8 Feb. d6 If diagnosis and treatment are delayed, permanent damage will result because of post-neuritic optic atrophy, actual shrinkage of the optic nerve.
post-tussic adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈtʌsɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈtəsɪk/
[ < post- prefix + classical Latin tussis cough (see Tussilago n.) + -ic suffix] Medicine = post-tussive adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [adjective] > coughing
coughing1706
tussive1853
tussal1890
post-tussic1896
1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 206 Post-tussic suction is another highly significant sign.
1967 A. Steinschneider in A. D. Pick Minnesota Symp. Child Psychol. IX. 118 This..group included infants who were having seizures, crying breathholding spells, or post-tussic skin color changes.
post-tussive adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈtʌsɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈtəsɪv/
Medicine occurring after a cough.
ΚΠ
1909 Practitioner Dec. 861 The so-called ‘post-tussive suction’ obtained by listening over a phthisical cavity in later stages of the disease.
2004 Pediatric Infectious Dis. Jrnl. 23 211 The clinical spectrum of pertussis ranges from mild cough illnesses of short duration to typical illness with paroxysmal cough, whooping and posttussive vomiting.
† post-varioloid adj. Medicine Obsolete rare occurring after an attack of smallpox.
ΚΠ
1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 526 An example of post-varioloid ulceration.
(iv) In general use. (A selection of typical formations is illustrated.)
(1)
post-adolescent adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstadəˈlɛsnt/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌædlˈɛs(ə)nt/
ΚΠ
1908 G. B. Cutten Psychol. Phenomena Christianity xix. 282 Post adolescent conversions are not so harmful as the childhood ones, and usually are the only source of hope.
1923 Times 16 Mar. 15/6 The Church and the Post-Adolescent: Rev. P.B. Clayton, Crypt Chapel, St. Paul's Cathedral, 6.
1936 Jrnl. Pediatrics 8 52 The change from the straight, boyish figure of the preadolescent girl to the more rounded, mature figure of the postadolescent girl.
1973 H. L. Nieburg Culture Storm ix. 188 Hamlet..may be seen as a pampered, power-grabbing postadolescent who exploits the sensible and legitimate attempts of his elders to restructure order in an ambivalent world.
1995 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 25 May 47 (advt.) NYC DWM, 52, presentable, post-adolescent, tastes high brow (mostly) low; seeks attractive companion.
post-analytic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstanəˈlɪtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌænəˈlɪdɪk/
ΚΠ
1934 Mind 43 136 [A sense of ‘theory of knowledge’] is essentially a ‘post-analytic’ evaluation, not a description, of knowledge.
1992 New Yorker 24 Aug. 78/2 Crowe aims at a post-analytic audience while preying on its fears that the unanalyzed know better.
post-analytical adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstanəˈlɪtᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌænəˈlɪdᵻk(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1910 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 7 373 The single word which at first denoted the object in its pre-analytical simplicity, comes to stand for several words which denote the components of the object in their post-analytical simplicity.
1999 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 93 355 In search of a method with..some degree of resistance to the most obvious criticisms from recent social and linguistic theory and postanalytical philosophy, I became attached to the (classical) French structuralism.
† post-apostolical adj. Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > pre- or post-Christian
ante-Christian1820
post-apostolical1827
pre-Christian1828
post-apostolic1829
1827 Christian Remembrancer Aug. 509 The chief motive in many persons, who have maintained the reality of the post-apostolical miracles, has been a desire to uphold the character and authority of the Fathers.
1852 Biblical Repertory Oct. 713 The Apostolical and Post-apostolical Age.
1882 P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. I. 493 Immediately after the post-apostolical age.
1914 E. C. Richardson Biblical Libr. xii. 215 (heading) Post-apostolical Roman library buildings.
post-atomic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstəˈtɒmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˈtɑmɪk/
ΚΠ
1947 Amer. Hist. Rev. 52 329 Such an arrangement gives the impression of an ironical play in three acts composed by a post-atomic Olympian.
1948 Britannica Bk. of Year (U.S.) 805/2 Post-atom(ic), subsequent to the dropping of the atomic bomb.
1956 W. H. Auden & C. Kallman Magic Flute (1957) 58 The form of suite For piano in a Post-Atomic Age.
1990 E. Van Lustbader White Ninja ii. 306 Welcome to the future: the postatomic society.
post-baptismal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)bapˈtɪzml/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌbæpˈtɪzm(ə)l/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌbæbˈtɪzm(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1838 Biblical Repertory Jan. 104 We shall see that the Tract writers teach that there is no certainty of the forgiveness of post-baptismal sins.
1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity I. 335 The ruthless dogma that there is no forgiveness for post-baptismal sin.
1992 E. Gibbs I Believe in Church Growth 95 Steps must be taken to ensure that each decision is genuine, and adequate post-baptismal (or post-conversion) counsel and care must be provided.
post-biblical adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈbɪblᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈbɪblᵻk(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1851 Littell's Living Age 5 Apr. 188 (title) Post biblical history of the Jews.
1912 Dict. National Biogr. 1901–11 III. 5/2 The geography of Palestine, as set forth in the two Talmuds and other post-Biblical Jewish writings.
1994 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 June 22 (advt.) Kugel traces the career of these post-biblical stories through their complicated and fascinating permutations.
post-canonical adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kəˈnɒnᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)kəˈnɑnək(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1872 C. Voysey Exam. Liddon's Bampton Lect. 320 We are led to ask whether the title Son of God was a recognized synonym for God, or for the post-canonical designation God the Son.
1977 G. W. H. Lampe God as Spirit iii. 63 Two aspects of the thought of the Old Testament and post-canonical Judaism are particularly important in this radical process of Christian reinterpretation.
1999 Jrnl. Aesthetics & Art Crit. 57 246/1 Gabbard presents a lengthy discussion in these pages of feminist attacks on film theory, but only as an analogy for the need for a ‘postcanonical’ study of jazz.
post-capitalist adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkapᵻtl̩ɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkæpədl̩əst/
ΚΠ
1936 J. Lewis in J. Lewis et al. Christianity & Social Revol. iii. v. 479 This task..awaits that post-capitalist stage in social development in which a classless society is for the first time possible.
1964 I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 81 His critique of America could only be relevant and fruitful if it was made..with the projected hopes and ideals of a post-capitalist era.
1995 Fellowship Catholic Students Newslet. July 20/2 Technology will be humanized and everything will be ‘post’, post-modern, post-industrial, post-agrarian, post-national, post-capitalist, post-socialist.
post-cognitive adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkɒɡnᵻtɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkɑɡnədɪv/
ΚΠ
1949 Mind 58 220 A tendency to ‘spatio-temporal scatter’ is characteristic of paranormal cognition, the displacement manifesting itself as ‘postcognitive’ or ‘precognitive’ telepathy.
1997 Philos. Sci. 64 560 The substance of Zajonc's argument is that affect is precognitive rather than postcognitive.
post-collegiate adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kəˈliːdʒɪət/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)kəˈlidʒ(i)ət/
ΚΠ
a1855 P. Linsley in Wks. (1859) I. 514 Whether this brilliant success be ascribable to genius, to good fortune, to post-collegiate development and diligence, [etc.].
1960 Encounter Nov. 26 A face-to-face group—the post-collegiate fraternity of the small suburbs.
1991 P. Fussell BAD 66 And what are these difficult words for which post-‘collegiate’ study is required?
post-conditional adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kənˈdɪʃn̩(ə)l/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)kənˈdɪʃən(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)kənˈdɪʃ(ə)nəl/
ΚΠ
1875 E. A. Abbott How to Parse 321 (header) Complete, Post-Conditional.
1935 J. Joyce Work in Progress in transition No. 23. 118 All them fine clauses in Lindley's and Murrey's never braught the participle of a present to a desponent hortatrixy..from her postconditional future.
2000 G. Gross et al. in D. S. Levine et al. Oscillations in Neural Syst. i. ii. 38 The xy-plot of the post-ISI and post-CI pair (Fig. 2.5D) corresponds to the postconditional cross-interval analysis.
post-consonantally adv.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kɒnsəˈnantl̩i/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌkɑnsəˈnæn(t)l̩i/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > consonant > [adverb] > before or after a consonant
preconsonantally1932
post-consonantally1941
1941 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 62 480 The theory of H. Hirt..that i and u̯ were lost postconsonantally in such cases seems contrary to fact.
1998 Language 74 515 Palatalization and labialization were subsequently reanalyzed as originating postconsonantally.
post-copulatory adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkɒpjᵿlət(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkɑpjələˌtɔri/
ΚΠ
1932 Jrnl. Genetic Psychol. 40 296 Age differences are uncertain in interpretation beyond the fact of a lower degree of pre-and post-copulatory drive in the old [rabbit] males.
2000 D. M. Buss in M. S. Kimmel & A. Aronson Gendered Society Reader 11 Copulating with a man who had resources but who displayed a hasty postcopulatory departure would have been detrimental to the woman.
post-cyclical adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsɪklᵻkl/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsʌɪklᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsɪklək(ə)l/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsaɪklək(ə)l/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic relations > [adjective] > change of word order or position > specifically in transformational grammar > specific features of
recursive1955
unary1965
postcyclic1967
post-cyclical1967
1967 Language 43 395 Actually, in the works cited, not all of the P rules are regarded as being cyclic; rather there is a set of precyclical rules, a set of cyclical rules, and a set of postcyclical rules.
1972 Language 48 310 Primary stress assignment must precede postcyclical transformations.
1995 Slavic Rev. 54 163 Four chapters dealing with cyclical rules and two dealing with postcyclical and postlexical rules.
postcyclically adv.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsɪklᵻkli/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsʌɪklᵻkli/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsɪklək(ə)li/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsaɪklək(ə)li/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic relations > [adverb] > by means of transformation > specific feature
postcyclically1972
1972 Language 48 301 It is preferable for a rule to apply postcyclically rather than cyclically.
2000 Jrnl. Assoc. Teachers of Japanese 34 249 In the system proposed here, the terms required by uninterpretable formal features (UFFs) are merged cyclically while those not required by any UFFs are merged postcyclically.
post-eruptive adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstᵻˈrʌptɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˈrəptɪv/
,
/ˌpoʊstiˈrəptɪv/
ΚΠ
1930 Sci. Monthly June 517/1 Over a large area the post-eruptive deformation of the lava sheets has been of moderate measure.
1946 Nature 19 Oct. 560/1 Some powerful beneficial influence had been at work during the post-eruptive as well as the developmental period.
2004 Caries Res. 38 258 Recent studies..concluded that the caries-preventive effect of fluoride is almost exclusively posteruptive.
post-experimental adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstᵻkspɛrəˈmɛntl/
,
/ˌpəʊstɛkspɛrəˈmɛntl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstɪkˌspɛrəˈmɛn(t)l/
,
/ˌpoʊstɛkˌspɛrəˈmɛn(t)l/
ΚΠ
1943 Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geographers 33 89 The latter half of this period—the post-experimental period—has seen phenomenal growth.
1990 Behavioral Ecol. 1 3/1 Differences in response scores between periods or between pre- and post-experimental scores..were tested with Friedman two-way ANOVA corrected for ties.
post-feudal adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈfjuːdl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈfjud(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1859 Times 1 Nov. 10/4 The question is whether..we shall work in the same direction as the architects of a modern and post-feudal society, or as those of a past and feudal one?
1949 A. Koestler Promise & Fulfilm. i. iii. 29 We are always apt to forget that nationalism is a product of a relatively recent, post-feudal European development.
1984 E. Pawel Nightmare of Reason (1988) i. 20 The need for a minimally literate citizenry, able to function in a postfeudal society.
post-industrialism n.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɪnˈdʌstrɪəlɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstᵻnˈdəstriəˌlɪzəm/
ΚΠ
1922 A. J. Penty (title) Post-industrialism.
1977 Ecologist 7 124/3 The growing conflicts of post-industrialism.
1996 C. E. Semmes (title) Racism, health, and post-industrialism.
post-junctural adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈdʒʌŋ(k)tʃərəl/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈdʒʌŋ(k)tʃərl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈdʒəŋ(k)(t)ʃərəl/
ΚΠ
1946 Language 22 355 Monosyllabic prepositions and adverbs have degree 1 if the post-junctural term is also monosyllabic.
1964 Eng. Stud. 45 385 Postjunctural prevocalic /š/ began to be distributionally a spirant.
1996 M. Warner-Lewis Trinidad Yoruba ii. v. 111 [h] tends to be epenthetic in postjunctural positions, signaling stress at the onset of breath.
post-medieval adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)mɛd(ɪ)ˈiːvl/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)miːd(ɪ)ˈiːvl/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)mᵻˈdiːvl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌmid(i)ˈiv(ə)l/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌmɛd(i)ˈiv(ə)l/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)məˈdiv(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1851 G. S. Faber Many Mansions 6 The principle of intellectuality..does not seem to have at all entered into the theory of our mediæval or postmediæval Sidrophels.
1902 E. Speakman in Owens Coll. Hist. Ess. 57 A great post-mediæval movement, the active monasticism of the Counter-Reformation.
1981 Dict. National Biogr. 1961–70 583/1 Work on medieval handwritings..followed by various papers on post-medieval scripts.
post-observational adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɒbzəˈveɪʃn̩(ə)l/
,
/ˌpəʊstɒbzəˈveɪʃən(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən(ə)l/
,
/ˌpoʊstˌɑbzərˈveɪʃn(ə)l/
ΚΠ
a1866 J. Grote Exam. Utilit. Philos. (1870) xxi. 346 The post-observational simplicity of Copernicus and Newton.
1992 Mod. Lang. Jrnl. 76 41/2 The discussion is based on analysis of classroom discourse including postobservational conversations with teachers and some of their learners chosen at random.
post-orgasmic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɔːˈɡazmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌɔrˈɡæzmɪk/
ΚΠ
1953 A. C. Kinsey et al. Sexual Behavior Human Female xv. 638 Sometimes, especially in youth, the post-orgasmic relaxation is hardly more than momentary.
1973 S. Fisher Female Orgasm ix. 290 How relaxed she feels during the postorgasmic state.
1995 GQ Jan. 49/2 Post-orgasmic contractions, as the doctors call them, can continue for a couple days, amplified by reminders of the object of desire.
post-pagan adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈpeɪɡ(ə)n/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpeɪɡ(ə)n/
ΚΠ
1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. vi. 208 The new, real, immense, post-pagan world.
1948 E. M. Butler Myth of Magus 111 Gerbert has vanished behind the black magician almost as completely as the real Virgil behind his medieval namesake; Merlin is to all intents and purposes the creation of Geoffrey of Monmouth. Even the mythical Zoroaster has a greater hold on reality than these post-pagan shades.
1998 Speculum 73 333 A sentiment like that could justify a lot of highly charged anachronism in the Anglo-Saxon context of postpagan revisionism.
post-pausal adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈpɔːzl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpɔz(ə)l/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpɑz(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1941 Language 17 225 A study of post-pausal and pre-pausal allophones reveals several recurrent differences between these and the corresponding allophones occurring elsewhere than at points of open juncture.
1966 W. S. Allen in C. E. Bazell In Memory of J. R. Firth 11 This difficulty could be met only by assuming that, except in post-pausal position, a high tone required a lower pitch to precede it.
1996 Language 72 328 The relevant prominence rules are: PrR7: A postpausal heavy syllable followed by a syllable which is itself followed by a stressed one is prominent.
post-pentecostal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)pɛntᵻˈkɒstl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌpɛn(t)əˈkɔstl/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌpɛn(t)əˈkɑstl/
ΚΠ
1896 J. MacNeil Spirit-filled Life xiii We live in post-pentecostal days.
1940 Bull. School Oriental Stud. 10 647 The Fast of the Apostles, with which it was apparently connected, was in fact, as it is already said, a summer post-Pentecostal fast.
2002 Washington Post (Nexis) 26 Dec. d01 The way he talked about fiction must have been similar to the post-Pentecostal apostles spreading the word of God.
post-priestly adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)ˈpriːs(t)li/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpris(t)li/
ΚΠ
1907 N.E.D. at Post- prefix Post-priestly.
1979 Jrnl. Near Eastern Stud. 38 147/2 He concludes that these sections of Genesis contain five main strata:..V Post-priestly.
1997 B. M. Levinson Deuteronomy & Hermeneutics of Legal Innovation iii. 89 The argument here would also rule out attempts to view Deut 16:8 as a priestly or even later post-priestly interpolation.
post-prophetic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)prəˈfɛtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)prəˈfɛdɪk/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)proʊˈfɛdɪk/
ΚΠ
1873 Amer. Naturalist 7 596 In that post-prophetic chapter of the book of our religion it is said that the creation of the first day was light, and not until afterward was the sun created.
1895 A. Nutt Voy. Bran I. 247 The post-Prophetic phase of Judaism.
1996 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 59 135/2 Derash..actually represents an earlier recension, corrupted down the centuries when scripture carried less popular weight than prophecy, until orally reinstated by Ezra as part of his new post-prophetic covenant.
† post-rebellionary adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)rᵻˈbɛljən(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)rəˈbɛljəˌnɛri/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)riˈbɛljəˌnɛri/
Obsolete Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1852 G. P. R. James Pequinillo III. 5 The indescribable anomalies which post-rebellionary Stuarts wore upon their hands.
post-resurrectional adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)rɛzəˈrɛkʃn̩(ə)l/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)rɛzəˈrɛkʃən(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌrɛzəˈrɛkʃ(ə)nəl/
ΚΠ
1854 R. Graves Anal. Revelations xxii. 258 The new heavens and the new earth, which the Apostle expected, is a subsequent state, and consequently post-resurrectional.
1906 M. D. Conway My Pilgrimage to Wise Men of East ix. 190 Everything attributed to Christ—that is to the post-resurrectional supplanter of Jesus—has to be doubly scrutinized.
1965 R. E. Brown New Test. Ess. iv. 59 Any reference to the role of the sacraments in the postresurrectional Church can only be through prophetic typology.
2015 P. A. Cunningham Seeking Shalom ii. 16 One senses that the expression [sc. Son of God] has assumed a far more exalted meaning among the post-resurrectional followers of Jesus.
post-revolutionary adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)rɛvəˈl(j)uːʃn̩(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri/
ΚΠ
1814 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 243 Our post-revolutionary youth are born under happier stars than you and I were.
1938 Burlington Mag. June 270/1 Ducreux' post-Revolutionary studio.
1994 Sci. Amer. May 94/2 Friedmann..was in his early 30s, a maturing young leader of physics in tumultuous postrevolutionary Red Petrograd.
post-romantic adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)rə(ʊ)ˈmantɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌroʊˈmæn(t)ɪk/
ΚΠ
1897 Mod. Lang. Notes 12 134/2 It is in Tennyson, the great post-romantic poet, that this singularly romantic mood and motive again receive complete and artistic utterance.
1943 Y. Winters Anat. Nonsense 19 The method of the Post-Romantics, whether French Symbolists or American Experimentalists.
1986 Washington Post (Nexis) 9 June c3 The Washington premiere of Larry Alan Smith's ‘Fortune’ (1986), is stylistically akin to works of the Russian postromantics.
2001 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 91 212 She makes some suggestive observations by playing off the terms in which Roman writers praise their native places against post-Romantic expectations.
post-surgical adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsəːdʒᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsərdʒək(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1923 Lancet 5 May 905 Post-surgical coma in diabetics is difficult to treat.
1995 L. Garrett Coming Plague (new ed.) xiii. 413 Recognizing the problem, humans living in wealthier nations adopted standardized antibiotic practices, giving the drugs, for example, to all preoperative patients to prevent postsurgical infections.
post-talmudical adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)talˈmʊdᵻkl/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)talˈmʌdᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌtælˈmjudək(ə)l/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌtælˈmʊdək(ə)l/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌtɑlˈmjudək(ə)l/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌtɑlˈmʊdək(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1659 B. Walton Considerator Considered vi.107 Collected by the post Talmudicall Rabbins out of severall ancient Copies.
1870 W. Smith Dict. Bible IV. 3412/2 The opinion has been broached that this Targum was a post-Talmudical production, belonging to the 7th or 8th cent. a.d.
1985 Ethics 95 986 Cohn then presents what Jewish law has to say regarding such rights, beginning with the earliest biblical sources and continuing into talmudical and posttalmudical times.
post-teenage adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈtiːneɪdʒ/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈtiˌneɪdʒ/
ΚΠ
1973 M. Amis Rachel Papers 22 Firstly, I assume I'm right in saying that teenage sex is quite different from post-teenage sex?
1990 S. Reynolds Blissed Out 23 New pop had rapidly lost its mischief and settled down into a post-rock, post-teenage maturity.
2004 Washington Post (Nexis) 6 Aug. c07 He's numb, floating through his life as a struggling actor in Los Angeles behind the prophylactic haze of prescription drugs and post-teenage anomie.
post-totalitarian adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˌtəʊtalᵻˈtɛːrɪən/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)tə(ʊ)ˌtalᵻˈtɛːrɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌtoʊˌtæləˈtɛriən/
ΚΠ
1943 F. Munk Legacy of Nazism x. 197 But post-totalitarian Europe will be so changed and will require so much adjustment that even this question will not loom very large among all the problems which must be solved.
1988 Washington Post (Nexis) 7 May a2 Poland has evolved into a post-totalitarian society that is still at the mercy of its totalitarian institutions.
2001 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 29 Nov. 9/3 Fifty years after its first appearance, in an age of post-totalitarian satisfaction with our condition and prospects..the closing sentence of Camus's great novel rings truer than ever.
postverbally adv.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈvəːbl̩i/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈvəːbəli/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈvərbəli/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [adverb] > following a verb
postverbally1967
1967 Amer. Speech 42 136 When a negative-contrastive (noun-headed) construction occurs post-verbally, juncture between its two elements is optional.
1990 Eng. World-wide 11 i. 91 The other varieties in the sample..show an English-derived postverbally marked -n(g) form but no copula.
postvocalically adv.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)və(ʊ)ˈkalᵻkli/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)voʊˈkælək(ə)li/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)vəˈkælək(ə)li/
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [adverb]
vocally1871
prevocalically1943
intervocalically1950
postvocalically1957
1957 C. M. Wise Appl. Phonetics iii. xviii. 378 Postvocalically, the sound is often further weakened to a mere friction of the airstream passing between the back of the tongue and the soft palate at the point of the uvula.
1964 R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics iii. 101 In Scots English, /r/ occurs both prevocalically and postvocalically (cart, standard /kaːt/, Scots /kart/).
1990 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 35 343 An already existing trend in the Chinese language towards simplifying the structure and composition of the syllable, beginning with the loss of Old Chinese initial consonant clusters in the modern dialects..and ending with a gradual reduction of what segments may occur post-vocalically.
(2)
postabortal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstəˈbɔːtl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˈbɔrd(ə)l/
Medicine occurring or performed after an abortion.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > operations on specific parts or conditions > [adjective] > operations on sex organs > occurring after an abortion
postabortal1910
post-abortum1910
postabortion1963
1910 Surg., Gynecol. & Obstetr. July 55/1 Each case of post-partum or post-abortal infection must be studied individually.
1988 Q. N. Myrvik & R. S. Weiser Fund. Med. Bacteriol. & Mycol. (ed. 2) xvii. 273 The diagnosis of clostridial myonecrosis, clostridial cellulitis or other clostridial infections such as postabortal sepsis rests largely on clinical findings.
post-absorptive adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstəbˈzɔːptɪv/
,
/ˌpəʊstəbˈsɔːptɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəbˈzɔrptɪv/
,
/ˌpoʊstˌæbˈzɔrptɪv/
,
/ˌpoʊstəbˈsɔrptɪv/
,
/ˌpoʊstˌæbˈsɔrptɪv/
Medicine and Physiology occurring or existing after food has been absorbed into the body.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > [adjective] > digested > occurring after food has been absorbed
post-absorptive1915
1915 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1 104 The experiments were made with essentially the same technique and with the subject in the same condition of muscular repose and the post-absorptive state, i.e., 12 hours after the last meal.
1972 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 5 Oct. 678/1 Recordings were made in the postabsorptive state between 9:30 a.m. and noon.
2004 Diabetes/Metabolism Res. & Rev. 20 (Suppl. 2) S9 Continuous glucose monitoring under daily life conditions will be the key to definitely unravel the relationship among HbA(1c) and fasting, premeal, postprandial and postabsorptive plasma glucose.
post-apocalyptic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstəpɒkəˈlɪptɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˌpɑkəˈlɪptɪk/
(a) of or relating to the time after the revelation of St John (see apocalypse n. 1); (b) following an event regarded as an apocalypse, esp. following a nuclear war or other catastrophic event; (of a science fiction film, book, game, etc.) set in a period following such an event.
ΚΠ
1956 G. W. O'Brien Renaissance Poetics & Probl. of Power i. 12 One gathers that ‘post Apocalyptic’ knowledge is of a kind which may endow a man with preternatural cunning.
1982 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 15 Aug. ii. 13/1 The hero is a man named Max, a laconic wanderer doomed to travel through the wasteland of a post-apocalyptic Australia, endlessly searching for gasoline to fuel his car.
2008 A. Davies Mine All Mine 224 We're in a part of Queens I don't know. The streetscape is blasted, postapocalyptic.
post-apostolic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstapəˈstɒlɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌæpəˈstɑlɪk/
Church History coming after the Apostles, or after the time in which they were active.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > pre- or post-Christian
ante-Christian1820
post-apostolical1827
pre-Christian1828
post-apostolic1829
1829 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) VI. 784 I should divide the New Testament into two parts—Apostolic and the earliest post-apostolic.
1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity I. 212 (note) Showing a post-Apostolic date.
1994 Church Times 30 Dec. 8/1 What today do we mean by a bishop? The presbyter bishops of the New Testament, with apostles in the background, or the post-apostolic monarchical bishops of the second and third centuries..?
postbiological adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)bʌɪəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌbaɪəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
(a) (originally) shaped or affected by cultural rather than by biological forces; (b) (later also) relating to, or produced or characterized by (the use of) non-biological technologies that modify or replace biological life forms or parts of these (esp. the human body and mind).
ΚΠ
1960 J. Huxley in S. Tax Evol. of Life 18 The inorganic phase of [evolution] is pre-biological, the human is post-biological.
1975 Jrnl. Amer. Hist. 61 1059 Kanter argued that urban communes—based on a Boston sample—are the ultimate ‘post-biological’ family.
1991 J. Mander In Absence of Sacred 4 From there, it's on to the ‘postbiological age’ of nanotechnology and robotics, whose advocates don't even pretend to care about the natural world.
2001 D. Bell Introd. to Cybercultures vii. 146 Post-humans may be partly or mostly biological in form, but will likely be partly or wholly postbiological—our personalities having been transferred ‘into’ more durable, modifiable, and faster, and more powerful bodies and thinking hardware.
post-cenal adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsiːnl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsin(ə)l/
(also post-cænal, post-coenal) [ < post- prefix + classical Latin cēna, also caena, in post-classical Latin also coena dinner (see Cene n.) + -al suffix1] occurring or undertaken after a meal, esp. after dinner.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > [adjective]
vespertinec1503
acronic1565
acronical1585
vesperal1623
chronical1647
cronicall1647
vespertinal1839
post-cenal1848
after-supper1879
the world > food and drink > food > meal > meal-time > [adjective] > before or after meal
after-dinner1633
postprandial1820
preprandial1820
post-cenal1848
pre-dinner1905
pre-lunch1922
1848 G. F. Ruxton Life in Far West in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 430/1 Augustin..was enjoying a post-coenal smoke.
1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant II. ii. 48 In the course of their post-cænal talk.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 687 A temporary concussion caused by a falsely calculated movement in the course of a postcenal gymnastic display.
1978 Renaissance Q. 31 4 The company arises for its postcenal stroll and further grammatical enlightenment from Augustinus.
† post comitial adj. Obsolete rare taking place after a meeting or session of an assembly, esp. a political or government assembly.
ΚΠ
1833 A. Alison Hist. Europe during French Revol. II. xvi. 453 After every session [the Polish electors] held what they called post comitial diets, the object of which was to call him to account for the vote he had given on every occasion.
post-communist adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkɒmjᵿnɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkɑmjənəst/
(also post-Communist) (a) following a decline or failure of communism; (b) (in later use) spec. of or relating to the period following the collapse of communism in Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
ΚΠ
1946 N. S. Timasheff Three Worlds ii. 42 The society which has arisen from the ruins of the Communist experiment is no longer a Communist society in the strict meaning of the word... The term ‘post-Communist society’ probably describes it as well as any.
1990 Warsaw Voice 4 Feb. 5/4 The huge post-communist factories require both money and production know-how.
2002 Economist 6 July 99/3 The same attitude gives rise to some silly judgments—such as the adoption of an off-the-shelf leftist condemnation of post-communist Eastern Europe's bumpy ride to the market as ‘disastrous’.
post-connubial adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kəˈnjuːbɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)kəˈn(j)biəl/
= post-nuptial adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > action or fact of marrying > [adjective] > after marriage
post-connubial1780
post-nuptial1807
post-marital1836
1780 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. (1789) xviii. §39 (note) By the terms connubial and post-connubial all I mean..is the mere physical union.
1874 Jrnl. Mental Sci. 19 503 The next form of insanity in my table is..connected with the sexual organs, or more correctly speaking of the sexual orgasm—it is what I [sc. D. Skae] have called post-connubial insanity.
1997 Washington Post 28 May c.01 A few chaste kisses and the suggestion of post-connubial bliss in the old language of high Hollywood symbolism.
† post-conquestal adj. Obsolete = post-conquest adj. at sense 2a(a)(ii).
ΚΠ
a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) II. 59 There were pre-conquestal Norman and post-conquestal Saxon buildings.
1880 Sat. Rev. 3 Apr. 439/2 Cities are the seats of post-conquestal bishoprics.
† post-conquestual adj. Obsolete = post-conquest adj. at sense 2a(a)(ii).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > of other specific periods
Georgian1745
romancean1804
early modern1817
federal1838
Jacobean1844
post-Reformation1850
pre-Reformation1855
postcolonial1861
post-Renaissance1874
post-conquest1880
post-conquestual1880
Jacobian1883
post-pyramidal1883
pre-industrial1883
early American1895
bow-and-arrow1899
palaeotechnic1904
Renaissancist1932
steam age1941
Carolinian1949
postcolonialist1957
1880 R. W. Eyton Domesday Stud.: Somerset I. iv. 96 Both portions of Isle-Abbotts..had been held by those Thanes in 1066. They were post-Conquestual acquisitions of Muchelney Abbey.
1908 P. Vinogradoff Eng. Society 11th Cent. ii. §1 i. 236 It is from the point of view of Old English and not of postconquestual tenure that another celebrated term used in the Survey must be explained, namely, alod, alodium.
1924 Contemp. Rev. Nov. 673 Welsh life in post-Conquestual days.
post-consonantal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kɒnsəˈnan(t)l/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌkɑnsəˈnæn(t)l/
occurring immediately after a consonant.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > consonant > [adjective] > before or after
anteconsonantal1888
preconsonantal1896
post-consonantal1905
post-consonantic1935
preconsonant1949
1905 Trans. & Proc. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 36 171 (note) For numerous cases of the loss of post-consonantal u before the accent, in vulgar Latin, see Lindsay, L.L. 268.
1934 R. C. Priebsch & W. E. Collinson German Lang. ii. i. 93 The position in the word (initial, post-consonantal, inter-vocalic).
1985 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 30 461 Post-consonantal y is vocalized in words (not stems) of one syllable in Piggott and Grafstein's representation.
post-consonantic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kɒnsəˈnantɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌkɑnsəˈnæn(t)ɪk/
[compare French postconsonantique (1935 in Benveniste)] = post-consonantal adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > consonant > [adjective] > before or after
anteconsonantal1888
preconsonantal1896
post-consonantal1905
post-consonantic1935
preconsonant1949
1935 Language 11 24 Fricatives. 1. Short: in syl.-initial, before vowels or semivowels; before voiceless consonants when postconsonantic or in phrase-initial.
1971 Bull. School Oriental & Afr. Stud. 34 2 I described the development of the post-consonantic (‘rising’) diphthongs wa and ya into the monophthongs ō and ē, respectively.
post-cosmic adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkɒzmɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkɑzmɪk/
occurring after the cosmos has ceased to exist, or after the end of human existence.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adjective] > of the future world
post-mundane1847
post-cosmic1891
1891 F. C. S. Schiller Riddles of Sphinx 435 The post-cosmic condition and end of the world-process.
1998 Rev. Eng. Stud. New Ser. 49 93 Lincoln argues that the primary narrative of these Nights [of Blake's poem Vala] is one which relates a movement from a world-view centred on a belief in a divinely ordered ‘cosmos’ towards what he terms a ‘post-cosmic’ world.
post-credit adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkrɛdɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkrɛdət/
(also post-credits) Film and Television (a) shown after the opening credits; (b) shown after the closing credits.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > a broadcast programme or item > [adjective] > after credits
post-credit1965
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > [adjective] > after credits
post-credit1965
1965 P. French in Movie Autumn 11/1 It is immediately followed by the sharply satirical post-credit sequence presenting the Beatles' current situation in symbolical terms as an established part of the social landscape.
1977 Washington Post (Nexis) 16 Jan. e1 During the last two minutes of a recent episode of ‘What's Happening’ on ABC, the 30-second space was filled with promos for upcoming..shows,..followed by a post-credits spot for the next episode of ‘Starsky and Hutch’.
2004 R. Dyer in P. Simpson et al. Film Theory III. viii. lvii. 220 The credit sequence..brings the hero to Africa (as we realise when we see Bogarde step off in the first post-credit shot).
2018 Sun (Nexis) 27 Apr. (Features section) 45 Yes, it's awesome, yes, we're left wanting more and yes, the post-credit scene finishes you off completely.
post-critical adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkrɪtᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkrɪdək(ə)l/
Philosophy and Theology following or reacting to a phase of discourse dominated by criticism (cf. criticism n. 1b, 1c).
ΚΠ
1896 Mind 5 117 If Spinoza's system was suppressed in the eighteenth century, he gains his reward in the post-critical philosophy.
1958 Times Lit. Suppl. 5 Sept. 509/1 Since the book [sc. M. Polanyi's ‘Personal Knowledge’] is described as being ‘towards a post-critical philosophy’, we expect to be able to grasp its philosophical purport with an eye to Kant.
2001 Church Times 14 Sept. 17/3 His attempt to be ‘post-critical’ can easily turn into an attempt to bypass all the critical questions that biblical scholars have raised over the past 200 years.
postcyclic adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsʌɪklɪk/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsɪklɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsaɪklɪk/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsɪklɪk/
(a) occurring or operating after the termination of a cycle or cycles; (b) spec. (in transformational grammar, of a rule or transformation) applied or applicable only after all other such operations have been completed.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic relations > [adjective] > change of word order or position > specifically in transformational grammar > specific features of
recursive1955
unary1965
postcyclic1967
post-cyclical1967
1967 J. Ross in To Honor R. Jakobson III. 1672 If it cannot apply before the cycle, it must either apply in the cycle or after all cyclic rules have been applied—rules of this last type are called post-cyclic.
1997 Language 73 13 Postcyclic voicing..takes a syllable-initial lax [t] and makes it a flap.
post-decretal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)dᵻˈkriːtl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)dəˈkrid(ə)l/
rare subsequent to or resulting from the issuing of a decree or decretal epistle.
ΚΠ
1890 J. Martineau Seat Authority Relig. ii. i. 138 The post-decretal unity seems indisputable.
2002 Slate Mag. (Nexis) 25 Apr. Your next step would be to go back to court on a post-decretal motion asking the judge to order him not to smoke during visitation.
post-depositional adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)dɛpəˈzɪʃn̩(ə)l/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)dɛpəˈzɪʃən(ə)l/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)diːpəˈzɪʃn̩(ə)l/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)diːpəˈzɪʃən(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃ(ə)nəl/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌdipəˈzɪʃ(ə)nəl/
Geology occurring after the deposition of sediment.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > sedimentation > [adjective] > before or after deposition
penecontemporaneous1901
post-mineral1907
post-depositional1933
synsedimentary1960
1933 Amer. Midland Naturalist 14 234 Ruthven and Stuart (1932) have recently recorded some notes on the period of post-depositional development in several common lizards of Utah and Nevada.
1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. xiii. 206/2 Post-depositional alteration is indicated by large chlorite plates that are discordant in relation to the foliation in schist pebbles.
1993 C. Tilley Interpretative Archaeol. i. 64 Even allowing for conditions of survival and other post-depositional factors, this cannot be coincidental.
post-diastolic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)dʌɪəˈstɒlɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌdaɪəˈstɑlɪk/
Physiology rare following the diastole of the heartbeat.
ΚΠ
1867 J. King Causes Chronic Dis. 341 The endocardial murmur may occur at any period of the heart's rhythm, it may be pre-systolic, systolic, post-systolic, pre-diastolic, diastolic, or post-diastolic.
1997 Ann. Pharmacotherapy 31 704 Pre- and postsystolic, and pre- and postdiastolic blood pressure measurements.
† post-dicrotic adj. Physiology Obsolete following a dicrotic pulse.
ΚΠ
1884 W. M. Baker & V. D. Harris Kirkes's Hand-bk. Physiol. (ed. 11) v. 184 Some consider the secondary waves in the downstroke of a normal wave to be due to oscillation; but..even if this be the case..with post-dicrotic waves, the dicrotic wave itself is almost certainly due to the rebound from the aortic valves.
1895 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Post-dicrotic wave, a secondary recoil wave sometimes present, following on the Dicrotic wave of the pulse.
1929 Science 3 May 478/1 (caption) Note the sharp amplitude, well-defined dicrotic notch with pre- and post-dicrotic phases in most instances.
post-embryonal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɛmˈbrʌɪənl/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊstˈɛmbrɪənl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌɛmˈbraɪən(ə)l/
= post-embryonic adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo development processes > [adjective] > post-embryonic developments
subitaneous1645
post-embryonic1875
post-embryonal1877
1877 Harper's Mag. May 928/2 An extended and fully illustrated paper on the post-embryonal development of flies, caterpillars, etc., by Professor Ganin has just been received.
1995 C. Nielsen Animal Evol. xxxv. 285 Postembryonal nongonadal cell lineages of the nematode.
post-embryonic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɛmbrɪˈɒnɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌɛmbriˈɑnɪk/
subsequent to the embryonic stage of life or growth; having passed through the embryonic stage.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo development processes > [adjective] > post-embryonic developments
subitaneous1645
post-embryonic1875
post-embryonal1877
1875 tr. E. O. Schmidt Doctr. Descent & Darwinism ix. 200 If in these animals adaptation and migration to land has had this effect on embryonic and post-embryonic development, we must suppose [etc.].
1937 Nature 6 Mar. 413/1 A typical maturation division figure was observed in an explanted ovary from a four-day (post-embryonic) rat after 9 days' cultivation.
1990 Jrnl. Zool. 220 2 A key to correct inferences about homology is postembryonic development.
post-Fascist adj. and n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈfaʃɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈfæʃᵻst/
(also post-fascist) (a) adj. occurring in or relating to the period following an era of Fascist government or supremacy, esp. following the fall of the Fascist governments in Italy, Germany, and Spain in the mid 20th cent.; arising or resulting from mid-20th-cent. Fascism; (b) n. a person whose political views have been formed as a reaction to or consequence of Fascism.
ΚΠ
1925 in J. T. Gerould & L. S. Turner Sel. Articles on Interallied Debts (1928) v. xvii. 417 It fastens a legal bond on future generations of Italian workers, which..may be used to the discredit of any post-Fascist government which our administration or bankers may not favor.
1942 Times 19 May 2/4 In the article..yesterday..a reference to ‘leadership which might lead post-Fascist Italy out of chaos’ was, by a misprint, made to read ‘pro-Fascist Italy’.
1970 Compar. Politics 2 642 Not only are old Nazis, or postfascists as Lutz Niethammer called them, finding their way back to the Right but also what Niethammer labeled neo-Fascists are going in that direction.
1996 Australian (Nexis) 24 Apr. However, as with the ‘postFascists’, there is doubt over how far the communists have rejected their past.
2003 Hist. & Memory (Nexis) 31 Dec. 130 The Gerzes' monument was never received as being outside the scope of postfascist discourse... Rather, the monument was a priori a representation of Nazism, already a metaphor.
post-gay adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈɡeɪ/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈɡeɪ/
of or designating a period in which homosexuality is no longer a significant social issue or a determining factor of cultural identity.
ΚΠ
1980 R. Hall in Advocate 26 June 30/2 It's time to..recognize that a new age is upon us—an age of ‘post-gay’ literature. What is ‘post-gay’ literature?.. It is not the record of an isolated and powerless group... Like the new feminist writing, post-gay literature could use the fact of gayness as take-off point for explorations not directly related to homosexuality.
1995 S. Watney in M. Dorenkamp & R. Henke Negotiating Lesbian & Gay Subj. iv. 58 As new post-lesbian and post-gay identities emerge..there is a greater need than ever to articulate American to non-American queer national histories.
2003 U.S. News & World Rep. 14 July 38/1 Are we on the way to a ‘post-gay’ America, where sexual orientation is no longer an issue?
post-historical adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊsthɪˈstɒrᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌhɪˈstɔrək(ə)l/
(a) of, relating to, or designating a period following that in which the supposed end of historical progress has been reached; (b) of or relating to a period in which the notion of historical progress is no longer tenable.
ΚΠ
1915 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 21 386 The predominance of historical elements in one's thought is of the nature of a disqualification for the attainment of post-historical ideals.
1961 R. C. Tucker Philos. & Myth in Karl Marx 236 Marx's..vision of the abolition of labour in a post-historical world.., was astonishingly modern in a way.
1989 A. Danto Robert Colescott & Russell Connor in Encounters & Refl. (1991) 273 They were not continuing the history to which the masterpieces belonged but philosophizing about that history from a posthistorical era whose own artistic imperatives remained to be discovered.
1996 H. C. Mansfield Machiavelli's Virtue (1998) iv. 111 Our perspective is posthistorical; it is disillusionment with the idea of progress that takes for granted the establishment of that idea against its rivals.
post-hypnotic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊsthɪpˈnɒtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌhɪpˈnɑdɪk/
relating to or denoting the giving of ideas or instructions to a subject under hypnosis that are intended to affect behaviour after the hypnotic trance ends.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [adjective] > relating to mesmerism
magnetical1794
magnetic1800
mesmerian1820
mesmeric1829
mesmerical1852
statuvolic1871
biological1874
post-hypnotic1887
1887 Mind 12 619 The other memoir on ‘Peculiarities of certain Post-hypnotic States’..is still more remarkable for the light it throws..upon those most puzzling manifestations of ‘secondary intelligence’.
2004 Texas Lawyer (Nexis) 16 Feb. 500 Hypnosis neither rendered the witness's posthypnotic memory untrustworthy nor substantially impaired the ability of the opponent fairly to test the witness's recall by cross-examination.
post-hypnotic suggestion n.
Brit. /ˌpəʊsthɪpnɒtɪk səˈdʒɛstʃən/
,
/ˌpəʊsthɪpnɒtɪk səˈdʒɛʃtʃən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊsthɪpˌnɑdɪk səˈdʒɛstʃən/
,
/ˌpoʊsthɪpˌnɑdɪk səɡˈdʒɛstʃən/
,
/ˌpoʊsthɪpˌnɑdɪk səˈdʒɛʃtʃən/
,
/ˌpoʊsthɪpˌnɑdɪk səɡˈdʒɛʃtʃən/
a suggestion made to a subject during hypnosis which will be acted on when the hypnotic state has been terminated.
ΚΠ
1890 Q. Rev. July 255 Even posthypnotic suggestion..was known.
1994 Nat. Health Nov. 49/1 Post-hypnotic suggestion can affect the way burns heal.
post-ideological adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstʌɪdɪəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/
,
/ˌpəʊstɪdɪəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌɪdiəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
,
/ˌpoʊstˌaɪdiəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
designating or relating to a time in which (a particular) society is no longer characterized by a strong adherence to political or social ideologies.
ΚΠ
1960 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 25 586/2 German postwar sociology..is characterized..by a ‘tensionlessness’..that Schelsky accounts for by reference to certain features of the institutional setting of this ‘post-ideological’ sociology.
2002 Dissent Spring 21/1 We may think that we live in a postideological age,..but the traces of old ideologies can be found everywhere in the discourse of the left.
post-imperial adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɪmˈpɪərɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstᵻmˈpɪriəl/
of, designating, or characteristic of a period following the dissolution or collapse of an empire.
ΚΠ
1836 Southern Literary Messenger May 395 The great refinement of the post-imperial aristocracy of France may be one reason why the deficiency of those now often found mixed up with them is so remarkable.
1935 D. Talbot Rice Byzantine Art vii. 159 In post-imperial days ivories from the Balkans of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries..can hardly be considered as of more than secondary importance.
2002 Foreign Policy Jan. 88/2 The..controversy..illuminates the difficulties of postimperial ethnic coexistence and Russia's aims and interests in the region.
post-industrial adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɪnˈdʌstrɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstᵻnˈdəstriəl/
occurring after or following on from the decline of the importance of manufacturing industry in the economy and society.
ΚΠ
1917 A. J. Penty (title) Old worlds for new: a study of the post-industrial state.
1977 Times 21 Feb. 11/4 We are already laying the foundation for the post-industrial future.
1997 Blueprint Mar. 24/4 New Urbanists and purveyors of the ‘aesthetics of poverty’ are battling out the proper image of a post-industrial, post-urban urban agglomeration.
post-ironic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstʌɪˈrɒnɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌaɪˈrɑnɪk/
having or showing awareness of irony or an ironic effect and so deliberately either avoiding or emphasizing it.
ΚΠ
1973 Hist. & Theory 12 49 His own stance, which he defines as being post-modern, is post-ironic inasmuch as he desires to lose thought in myth once more.
2004 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 18 Apr. 3 So, if your ambition is to look like a spiv, a wide-o, a dodgy geezer or even a Seventies used car salesman (in a very cool, updated, post-ironic sort of a way) it's all here for you.
post-lapsarian adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)lapˈsɛːrɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌlæpˈsɛriən/
Theology †(a) = Infralapsarian adj. (see also sublapsarian adj.) (obsolete rare); (b) occurring after or consequent on the fall of humankind through the sin of Adam and Eve.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > salvation, redemption > doctrine of salvation > [adjective] > sublapsarianism
sublapsarian1633
Sublapsary1728
post-lapsarian1733
Infralapsarian1775
1733 D. Neal Hist. Puritans II. 325 The high mysteries of..Ante- and Post-Lapsarian doctrines.
1950 Eng. Stud. 31 63 What would the corrupt post-lapsarian variety of this attitude be?
2001 Church Times 18 May 15/2 Genesis 9 refers to a post-lapsarian condition, in which..humanity has fallen into wickedness and violence.
postliteral adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈlɪt(ə)rəl/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈlɪt(ə)rl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈlɪdərəl/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈlɪtrəl/
Linguistics designating a circle placed as a diacritical sign after a letter.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > written character > [adjective] > after a letter
postliteral1953
1953 Archivum Linguisticum 5 68 He [sc. Marr] indicates..labialization with a postliteral circle.
1958 J. Berry in E. Sivertsen Proc. 8th Internat. Congr. Linguists 758 Diacritically modified letters (i.e. ‘simple’ letters with e.g...postliteral circle or apostrophe).
postliterate adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈlɪt(ə)rət/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈlɪdərət/
of or designating a time or milieu characterized by a decline in the importance or prevalence of the written word.
ΚΠ
1957 Amer. Anthropologist 59 871 Preliterate cultures are now being widely and well described, but little anthropological attention has yet been paid to the only postliterate tribe in the world:..the logical positivists.
1960 E. Carpenter & M. McLuhan Explor. in Communication p. xi Postliterate man's electronic media contract the world to a village.
2003 Book Mar. 74/1 In our increasingly postliterate world, Sontag argues, to ‘remember is, more and more, not to recall a story but to be able to call up a picture’.
post-meiotic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)mʌɪˈɒtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌmaɪˈɑdɪk/
Cell Biology occurring subsequent to meiosis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [adjective] > stages of mitosis or meiosis
homotypical1870
heterotypical1888
homoeotypical1888
heterotypic1889
homoeotypic1889
skein1889
heterotype1895
homotype1895
synaptic1895
synaptenic1900
presynaptic1903
homotypic1904
dictyate1905
post-meiotic1905
premeiotic1905
telophasic1907
postsynaptic1909
metaphase1912
prophasic1912
telosynaptic1912
interkinetic1927
synapsed1931
synizetic1931
interphasic1948
1905 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 48 490 In animals there are (normally) no post-maiotic divisions, whereas in plants there may be, and often are, a large number.
1934 L. W. Sharp Introd. Cytol. (ed. 3) xvi. 265 In certain cases evidence has been brought forward to show that the chromonema in each chromatid at the close of the second meiotic mitosis is already split ‘in preparation for’ the first postmeiotic division.
2004 European Jrnl. Biochem. 271 3459 During the postmeiotic maturation of male haploid germ cells, or spermiogenesis, histones are replaced by small basic proteins.
post-menarchal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)mɛˈnɑːkl/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)mᵻˈnɑːkl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)məˈnɑrk(ə)l/
[ < post- prefix + menarche n. + -al suffix1; compare earlier post-menarcheal adj.] Medicine = post-menarcheal adj.
ΚΠ
1977 Amer. Family Physician 15 130 Most dysfunctional uterine bleeding is caused by anovulatory cycles... In the postmenarchal age group, dysfunction of the cyclic center in the hypothalamus is usually present.
1990 Internat. Jrnl. Gynecol. Pathol. 9 101 The neoplasms with the highest DNA indices were found predominantly in postmenarchal girls.
post-menarcheal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)mɛˈnɑːkɪəl/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)mᵻˈnɑːkɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)məˈnɑrkiəl/
Medicine (a) occurring or existing after the menarche; (b) (of a young female) who has begun to menstruate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > child > girl > [adjective] > pre- or post-menarchal
post-menarcheal1937
premenarcheal1937
premenarchal1956
1937 Human Biol. 9 27 The positive slope of the regression of chest-width upon chronological age is greater in the case of premenarcheal girls than in the case of postmenarcheal girls.
1977 Yearbk. Obstetr. & Gynecol. 332 Their mean chronological age was 13·02 years and 11 were postmenarcheal.
1996 Amer. Jrnl. Clin. Nutrition 64 274 Slower skeletal growth, maturation, and mineralization were recorded in the postmenarcheal period.
post-metamorphic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)mɛtəˈmɔːfɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌmɛdəˈmɔrfɪk/
(a) Geology occurring or existing after metamorphism; (b) Biology occurring or existing after metamorphosis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > metamorphism > [adjective]
metamorphic1833
thermo-metamorphic1889
post-metamorphic1900
potassic1902
sodic1902
katamorphic1904
symphrattic1904
retrogressive1930
retrograde1932
Scourian1950
1900 Amer. Naturalist 34 574 This could, perhaps, be accomplished by a certain amount of postmetamorphic growth with an ecdysis or two.
1956 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 112 115 The gneiss..is transected by the Boyne Line.., and all the rocks appear to have suffered a certain amount of post-metamorphic shearing.
1993 Jrnl. Petrol. 34 65 The hypabyssal rocks include a few unambiguously postmetamorphic.
post-mortuary adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈmɔːtjʊəri/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈmɔːtjᵿri/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈmɔːtʃʊəri/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈmɔːtʃ(ᵿ)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈmɔrtʃuˌɛri/
occurring, or relating to what may occur, after a person's death; cf. post-mortem adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > [adjective] > before or after death
posthume1598
posthumous1608
posthumeda1661
after-death1680
post-mortuary1791
post-mortem1816
post-obit1822
post-obituary1822
pre-mortem1892
1791 J. C. Lettsom Let. in J. J. Abraham Lettsom (1833) xv. 275 My Essay took in the History of London; but I see no time to prepare it for the press. I must leave it as a post-mortuary legacy.
1856 L. M. Sargent Dealings with Dead I. 208 Our good friends in England next thought it expedient to divest the process of hanging, of all its postmortuary terrors.
1988 Ethos 16 216 Many of the traditional prescriptions of the burial and postmortuary ritual are explained by my informants as precautions to hamper the mobility of the ghost.
post-mundane adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)mʌnˈdeɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌmənˈdeɪn/
occurring or experienced after the end of a person's life in the physical world.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adjective] > of the future world
post-mundane1847
post-cosmic1891
1847 J. Lynd Class-bk. Etymol. (rev. ed.) iv. 38/2 Postmundane. Post; mundus.
1860 A. J. Davis Great Harmonia V. ii. 250 The vivid beauty of the post-mundane realm adds divinity and authority to the existence and voice of the departed.
1952 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 83 40 The Gondi word pen is otherwise used for any deity..and its application to the sanal suggests that man in his post-mundane existence is to some extent equated with those invisible beings who constitute the company of the gods.
1990 Guardian (Nexis) 28 July As an alert and irresponsible member of a post-mundane breed..in a collapsing world where everything has happened before at least three times, I find that I have less and less to say.
postnational adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈnaʃn̩(ə)l/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈnaʃən(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈnæʃən(ə)l/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈnæʃn(ə)l/
of or relating to a time or society in which national identity has become less important.
ΚΠ
1945 K. Burke Gram. of Motives App. 513 We should never expect to see ‘feudalism’ overthrown by ‘capitalism’ and ‘capitalism’ succeeded by some manner of national or international or non-national or neo-national or postnational socialism.
1997 Daily Tel. 13 Mar. 26/7 This class deludes itself that it can now seal its escape from its own past by rushing into a post-national future called Europe.
postneonatal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)nɪə(ʊ)ˈneɪtl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌnioʊˈneɪd(ə)l/
Medicine relating to, designating, or occurring in the period between the end of the neonatal period (four weeks after birth) and the end of the first year of life.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > [adjective] > giving birth > before or after birth > after
postnatal1831
postpartum1846
postneonatal1940
1940 Q. Rev. Biol. 15 388/1 The neonatal death rate has remained practically stationary in comparison to the great decline in post-neonatal mortality.
1958 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 21 June 937/2 Infant deaths..may be divided into two groups—deaths of infants in the neonatal period (under 28 days) and those in the postneonatal period (28 days to one year).
1987 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 29 Aug. 528/2 We therefore looked at whether this fall also applied to postneonatal mortality and examined the present trend in northern and southern regions of England and Wales.
post-Nicene adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)nʌɪˈsiːn/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈnʌɪsiːn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈnaɪˌsin/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌnaɪˈsin/
Church History (a) adj. living or taking place after the first Council of Nicea ( a.d. 325); (b) n. a post-Nicene writer (rare).
ΚΠ
1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. 278 The Patrological Memoirs..of those earliest..Post-Nicen Centuries.
1720 D. Waterland Vindic. Christ's Divinity (ed. 3) ii. 26 The Post-Nicene Fathers Athanasius, Basil, &c.
1833 J. H. Newman Arians 4th Cent. ii. 215 The parallel language of the Post-Nicenes.
1991 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 42 264 Evans gives a thorough, balanced and insightful account of the history of the interpretation of these verses, from the Hebrew Isaiah to the Post-Nicene Church.
post-nominal adj. and n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈnɒmᵻnl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈnɑmən(ə)l/
(a) adj. situated or placed after a noun, or written (as the letters of a qualification, decoration, etc.) after a person's name; (b) n. (in plural) the letters written after a person's name.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] > word or letters following a name
post-nominal1921
the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [adjective] > after a name
post-nominal1921
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > noun > [adjective] > attached to or following a noun
adnominal1765
post-nominal1921
1921 E. Sapir Lang. vii. 178 My and mine are now pre-nominal and post-nominal forms of the possessive (my father but father mine; it is my book but the book is mine).
1952 R.A.F. Rev. Jan. 9/2 The use of the post-nominal letters ‘T.D.’ is peculiar to the Territorial Army.
1978 E. St. Johnston One Policeman's Story xii. 287 The third problem affecting Honours..was the right of any officer holding the Queen's Police Medal to put the initials, QPM, after his name. This is technically known as wearing ‘post-nominals’.
1990 Eng. World-wide 9 i. 94 One of these [sc. functions that are marked] is fairly widespread, viz. the postnominal marking of plurality by means of dem or an dem.
post-ovulative adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊstˈɒvjᵿlətɪv/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊstˈəʊvjᵿlətɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˈoʊvjələdɪv/
,
/ˌpoʊstˈɑvjələdɪv/
[apparently < post- prefix + ovulate v. + -ive suffix; compare slightly earlier post-ovulatory adj.] Medicine = post-ovulatory adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > reproductive cycle > [adjective] > ovulation
post-ovulatory1922
pre-ovulation1922
post-ovulation1923
ovulating1926
ovulatory1928
post-ovulative1929
preovulatory1932
ovulated1938
superovulated1939
1929 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 104 183 The presence of the corpus luteum is essential for these post-ovulative uterine changes.
1968 M. R. Cohen in J. J. Gold Textbk. Gynecol. Endocrinol. xxv. 543 During the postovulative phase.
post-ovulatory adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊstˈɒvjᵿlət(ə)ri/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊstˈəʊvjᵿlət(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˈoʊvjələˌtɔri/
,
/ˌpoʊstˈɑvjələˌtɔri/
Medicine of, relating to, or occurring in the period following ovulation; having undergone ovulation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > reproductive cycle > [adjective] > ovulation
post-ovulatory1922
pre-ovulation1922
post-ovulation1923
ovulating1926
ovulatory1928
post-ovulative1929
preovulatory1932
ovulated1938
superovulated1939
1922 H. M. Evans in L. F. Barker et al. Endocrinol. & Metabolism II. vi. 581 In the postovulatory period it is the corpora lutea which are responsible for further marked changes which now regularly occur in the genitalia of some other mammals.
1975 Biol. of Reprod. 12 573 The cervical epithelium of postovulatory rabbits consists of ciliated cells and nonciliated cells with bulbous apical processes.
2000 Pract. Parenting Apr. 42/4 The hormones stress produces can suppress ovulation in some women, and shorten the post-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle in others.
post-painterly adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈpeɪntəli/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpeɪn(t)ərli/
U.S. Art designating or characteristic of the work of certain American artists who developed a style of abstract painting which moved away from painterly techniques and values, and is chiefly characterized by well-defined areas of pure colour with little attention to brushwork or surface texture.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [adjective] > non-objective or abstract
abstract1851
non-figurative1934
non-objective1936
non-objectivist1963
post-painterly1964
1964 (title of catal.) Post painterly abstraction: an exhibition organized by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
1969 New Yorker 6 Dec. 184 At the Metropolitan, the largest displays are by so-called object-makers—‘post-painterly’ canvases; that is to say, smooth-surfaced, cool, and tending to blend with their setting.
1989–90 Mod. Painters Winter 43/2 The expressive, painterliness of the first version has given way to post-painterly spray and stain.
post-parturient adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)pɑːˈtjʊərɪənt/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)pɑːˈtʃʊərɪənt/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌpɑrˈt(j)ʊriənt/
Medicine occurring after childbirth; post-partum; having given birth.
ΚΠ
1864 E. M. Hale New Remedies 154 Dr. P. H. Hale used it in a case of post-parturient hemorrhage.
1950 M. Mead Male & Female 84 The post-parturient and suckling mother.
2000 Functional Ecol. 14 348/2 Sprint speed at birth was unrelated to survival and mass at birth and postparturient growth rate.
post-processual adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)prə(ʊ)ˈsɛsjʊəl/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)prə(ʊ)ˈsɛʃʊəl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)prəˈsɛʃ(əw)əl/
Archaeology designating or advocating any of a number of related theoretical approaches to archaeology which place emphasis on social history and reject the use (associated with the processual archaeology of the 1960s and 1970s) of processes from the natural sciences.
ΚΠ
1985 I. Hodder in Adv. Archaeol. Method & Theory 8 13 While it does not seem possible to identify..a unified postprocessual stance, it is conceivable that the varied recent attempts to deal with the ideational and/or the subjective will lead to a departure from and a questioning of many of the assumptions of the ‘new archaeology’.
2001 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 34 457/1 Post-processual archaeologists are particularly keen to acknowledge that artefacts are signs bearing meaning in several dimensions.
post-puberal adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈpjuːb(ə)rəl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpjub(ə)rəl/
= post-pubertal adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > adult > [adjective] > relating to adulthood
mature1524
grown-up1852
post-pubertal1886
post-school1898
post-puberty1911
post-puberal1937
1937 F. D. Brooks & L. A. Shaffer Child Psychol. v. 124 The rapid post-puberal increase in volume or weight of muscle is usually followed, in the case of boys, by an even more rapid increase in muscular strength.
1994 Ethos 22 50 He postulates that close sibling interaction with strong bodily contact precludes and maybe establishes a postpuberal avoidance.
post-pubertal adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈpjuːbətl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpjubərd(ə)l/
(a) occurring after the attainment of puberty; (b) that has attained puberty.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > adult > [adjective] > relating to adulthood
mature1524
grown-up1852
post-pubertal1886
post-school1898
post-puberty1911
post-puberal1937
the world > people > person > young person > [adjective] > adolescent > relating to puberty
pubertal1858
post-pubertal1886
post-pubescent1904
prepubescent1904
post-puberty1911
prepuberty1922
1886 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. III. 396/2 The post-pubertal falling off in growth is more rapid in girls than in boys.
1955 New Biol. 18 32 It is possible that the post-pubertal mammal behaves like an insect imago.., and that the fundamental change which leads to eventual senescence has already taken place at puberty.
1993 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 13 Feb. 427 From 1981 to 1988 the number of attendances at a genitourinary medicine clinic for uncomplicated postpubertal gonorrhoea fell consistently.
post-Puranic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)pʊˈranɪk/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)pʊˈrɑːnɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌpʊˈrɑnɪk/
Hinduism rare subsequent to or later than the Puranas.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > non-Judaeo-Christian scriptures > [adjective] > Hindu
Pauranic1793
Puranic1798
post-Puranic1862
Shastraic1961
1862 Mrs. J. B. Speid Our Last Years in India 192 Among the post-Puranic religionists of India.
1938 J. C. Archer Faiths Men Live By ix. 203 ‘Left-hand’ shaktism..is a late, post-Puranic aspect of Hinduism, and is wholly inferior with five requisites: wine, flesh, fish, grain, and woman.
post-racist adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈreɪsɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈreɪsᵻst/
of, relating to, or exhibiting a cultural shift away from racist values or attitudes, esp. as reflected in legislation.
ΚΠ
1978 G. Gilder (title) Visible man: a true story of post-racist America.
1991 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Nov. 233/1 What Willie had begun doing with that kiss was creating something that may be his most enduring contribution: a role model for the post-racist redneck.
2004 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 27 Mar. 33 Korn is inspired by the culture of equality and acceptance he has identified in the current generation of young people. ‘It's post-racist, post-sexist.’
postradical adj. and n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈradᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈrædək(ə)l/
[compare French postradical, adjective (1887)] Linguistics (a) adj.added to the end of a root or root word; (b) n. an element or word so added.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [noun] > other specific types of morpheme
verbalizer1888
premedial1925
postradical1937
postmedial1946
replacive1948
subtractive1948
non-nuclear1961
prefixoid1963
singulative1966
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [adjective] > relating to roots > following
postradical1937
1937 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 57 53 On account of the comparatively great number of these cases I was myself inclined..to find the determining factor of the change of the post-radical e to u in the u of the root.
1946 L. Bloomfield in H. Hoijer et al. Ling. Struct. Native Amer. 121 Some roots appear in postradical extensions... Most postradicals..have no clear meaning.
1997 Language 73 329 The i of the verb stem xedavd-i is a postradical vowel that occurs in this screeve.
post-Raphaelite adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈraf(ɪ)əlʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈrɑfiəˌlaɪt/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈræfiəˌlaɪt/
Art subsequent to or influenced by the work of Raphael (1483–1520) (cf. Pre-Raphaelite adj. and n.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > Italian Renaissance or 14-16th century > [adjective] > period
Pre-Raphael1850
Pre-Raphaelite1855
post-Raphaelite1856
quattrocentist1873
1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters III. iv. iii. 31 Now in the Post-Raphaelite period of ancient art, and in the spurious high art of modern times, two broad forms of error divide the schools.
1899 J. A. Hobson John Ruskin 27 The great masters of the post-Raphaelite schools in Italy and in England.
1997 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 21 June e12 The pause at the very opening note..creates a mood of post-Raphaelite dreaminess.
post-religious adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)rᵻˈlɪdʒəs/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)rəˈlɪdʒəs/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)riˈlɪdʒəs/
of, designating, or characteristic of a time or society in which most people are no longer religious.
ΚΠ
1925 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 31 416 There is little evidence for a pre-religious morality, but no doubt of the existence of a post-religious ethical code.
1970 Times 11 Apr. 10/4 He is not saying that the advent of this new post-religious age puts an end to God or even to Christianity.
1998 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 20 Sept. 10/2 In the postreligious, market-driven U.S.A...the only color that counts is the color of your money.
† post-remote adj. Obsolete rare designating an effect consequent on a given remote effect in a chain of causation; cf. pre-remote adj. at pre- prefix 2a(a)(vi).
ΚΠ
1796 E. Darwin Zoonomia II. p. ix In some cases, two more links of causation may be introduced; one of them may be termed the pre-remote cause; as the warmth or motion of the atmosphere, which causes greater exhalation from the cornea. And the other the post-remote effect; as the renewed pellucidity of the cornea.
post-reproductive adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)riːprəˈdʌktɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌriprəˈdəktɪv/
occurring after the period of life when an individual is capable of reproduction.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [adjective] > relating to or characteristic of
oldOE
aged1561
grey-headed1581
frosty1592
grey1602
veneral1631
senile1661
venerable1726
gerontic1885
post-reproductive1900
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > reproductive cycle > [adjective] > reproductive period
post-reproductive1900
pre-reproductive1900
1900 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 44 3 Reproductive Period.—I have used this expression to denote the whole of that period in the life of a mammal..during which its generative organs are capable of the reproductive function; and in contrast to the Pre-reproductive and Post-reproductive periods which severally precede and follow it, during which the generative organs are either not fully developed or are degenerative.
1963 Lancet 5 Jan. 2/1 As we reach the postreproductive years, a man's chance of dying is much greater than a woman's..so that at 60 a man has almost twice the likelihood of dying before 61 than a woman has.
1991 G. Greer Change iii. 86 What they encounter when they begin to ask for information about the management of their post-reproductive career is utter befuddlement.
post-Roman adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈrəʊmən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈroʊmən/
(a) subsequent to the period of Roman settlement or influence; (b) following the fall of the Roman Empire.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > of Greek or Roman antiquity
classic1597
ancient1605
Constantinian1641
classical1691
post-classical1851
pre-classical1860
pre-Roman1863
post-Roman1865
preclassic1869
Hadrianic1886
Protogeometric1914
sub-Roman1932
1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times ii. 51 Referring it to post-Roman times.
1899 R. Munro Prehist. Scotl. ix. 351 Many of them were utilised in post-Roman times.
1912 E. K. Francis tr. J. Keble Lect. on Poetry 1832–41 II. xxv. 139 An Ode which not a little resembles in tone that poetry which was the ornament of a later, post-Roman, heroic age.
1997 J. Williams Money iii. 62 Precious metal continued to be of prime importance for the kings and nobles of the post-Roman world.
post-secondary adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsɛk(ə)nd(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsɛkənˌdɛri/
Education of or relating to a stage of education coming after secondary education; tertiary.
ΚΠ
1920 Times 13 Nov. 12/6 The first deals with (a) secondary education..and (b) with post-secondary education, grants being made to exceptional children of ex-Service men to assist in their maintenances, purchase of books &c, at universities and colleges from 18 years of age onwards.
1956 Jrnl. Educ. Sociol. 29 236 He found that of those students planning full-time post-secondary studies, nearly one third expected to pursue programs of less than four years in length.
2003 Chatelaine May 259 (advt.) In this year of the double cohort, it's more important than ever to find the correct fit between you and the right post-secondary institution.
post-Soviet adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsəʊvɪət/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsɒvɪət/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsəʊvɪɛt/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsɒvɪɛt/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsoʊviət/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsoʊviˌɛt/
(a) (in early use) subsequent to the formation of the Soviet Union; (b) (now) following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
ΚΠ
1929 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 29 Dec. iv. 7/4 The play, written by a couple of young post-Soviet Russians, is almost any old-fashioned melodrama accompanied by exciting discussion of human problems.
1955 I. de Sola Pool et al. Satellite Generals 54 The final purge as yet foreseeable must await the maturation of the postwar, post-Soviet generation.
2002 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 11 Apr. 28/4 In Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, moderate nationalists tried to use the consensus-building habits of their traditional nomad cultures as selling points for a democratic post-Soviet identity.
post-systolic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)sᵻˈstɒlɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)səˈstɑlɪk/
Physiology following the systole of the heartbeat.
ΚΠ
1867 J. King Causes Chronic Dis. 314 The endocardial murmur..may be pre-systolic, systolic, post-systolic, pre-diastolic, diastolic, or post-diastolic.
1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 159 The first sound forcible, and followed by a loud murmur (post-systolic), which culminated at the apex.
1990 Coronary Artery Dis. 1 597 Intravenous isoproterenol increased systolic shortening and reduced both the magnitude of postsystolic shortening and the time from end-systole to its peak value.
post-tectonic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)tɛkˈtɒnɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌtɛkˈtɑnɪk/
Geology occurring or existing after tectonic activity.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > tectonization or diastrophism > [adjective]
geotectonic1858
diastrophic1881
tectonic1894
volcano-tectonic1907
synkinematic1932
post-tectonic1938
tectonical1939
syntectonic1942
palaeotectonic1947
1938 Mem. Geol. Soc. Amer. No. 6. 108 The crystallization in such fabrics can be termed: pretectonic, posttectonic, or paratectonic with reference to the particular mineral that is under consideration.
1956 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 112 125 The well-known post-tectonic growth of andalusite in the eastern zone may have been accompanied by recrystallization which destroyed any incipient fabric.
1989 Nature 12 Oct. 523/2 Using the 39Ar–40Ar method we dated large post-tectonic crystals of brown amphibole, fine-grained syn-tectonic amphibole and syn-tectonic plagioclase neoblasts.
† post-temporary adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈtɛmp(ə)r(ər)i/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈtɛmpəˌrɛri/
[ < post- prefix + -temporary (in contemporary adj.)] Obsolete (a) later than the time of the actual events; (b) subsequent in date.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1905 19th Cent. Jan. 63 That revelation through the fallible media of dead languages and post-temporary chronicles.
post-tonic adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈtɒnɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈtɑnɪk/
[compare earlier pretonic adj.] following an accented syllable.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > intonation, pitch, or stress > [adjective] > accent > stressed > with respect to group
subtonic1827
pretonic1864
post-tonic1880
protonic1890
nuclear1937
prestress1941
post-nuclear1944
pre-nuclear1952
internuclear1958
1880 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 1 232 Influence of post-tonic on the tonic vowel, whereby the whole vowel-system is pushed up one point on the scale.
1953 K. Jackson Lang. & Hist. in Early Brit. ii. 268 Syncope of the post-tonic penultimate syllable.
1991 Lit. & Ling. Computing 6 29/2 These are examples of stages in the reduction of the post-tonic syllable, which is frequently lost in proparoxytones in Eastern Romance.
post-transcriptional adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)tranˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n(ə)l/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)trɑːnˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌtræntˈskrɪpʃ(ə)nəl/
Molecular Biology occurring after the transcription of a nucleotide sequence into RNA.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [adjective] > genetic techniques
transcriptional1881
transcribable1934
progeny-tested1937
post-transcriptional1969
1969 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 186 317 If this were true, then the accumulation of 38-S RNA in the absence of protein synthesis strongly implies that a post-transcriptional control mechanism in the maturation of ribosomal RNA exists.
2001 Science 10 Aug. 1066/1 Plant biologists recognized a phenomenon called posttranscriptional gene silencing in which RNA causes structurally similar mRNAs to be degraded before their messages can be translated into proteins.
post-transcriptionally adv.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)tranˈskrɪpʃn̩l̩i/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)tranˈskrɪpʃ(ə)nəli/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)trɑːnˈskrɪpʃn̩l̩i/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)trɑːnˈskrɪpʃ(ə)nəli/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌtræntˈskrɪpʃ(ə)nəli/
Molecular Biology after the transcription of a nucleotide sequence into RNA.
ΚΠ
1972 Jrnl. Steroid Biochem. 3 655 One still needs to investigate whether there is any protection of mRNA degradation or modulation post-transcriptionally.
1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 2639/2 A form of RNA transcript modification called RNA editing occurs post-transcriptionally in trypanosome mitochondrial RNAs.
post-translational adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)tranzˈleɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)trɑːnzˈleɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌtrænzˈleɪʃ(ə)nəl/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌtrænt(s)ˈleɪʃ(ə)nəl/
Molecular Biology occurring after the translation of a mRNA sequence into the amino-acid sequence it encodes.
ΚΠ
1973 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 331 367 The most likely explanation to account for these results is that pneumococcal neuraminidase isoenzymes consist of differently charged species, which in turn are due either to translational or post-translational structural differences.
2002 New Scientist 23 Feb. 59/1 (advt.) One of the vital post-translational modifications essential for the formation of collagen cross-links is the hydroxylation of lysine residues in..the procollagen polypeptide.
post-translationally adv.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)tranzˈleɪʃn̩l̩i/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)tranzˈleɪʃ(ə)nəli/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)trɑːnzˈleɪʃn̩l̩i/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)trɑːnzˈleɪʃ(ə)nəli/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌtrænzˈleɪʃ(ə)nəli/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌtrænt(s)ˈleɪʃ(ə)nəli/
Molecular Biology after the translation of a mRNA sequence into the amino-acid sequence it encodes.
ΚΠ
1971 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 229 377 Glycine and proline (plus hydroxyproline, derived post-translationally from proline) account for approx. 33 and 22 moles percent, respectively, of mammalian collagen.
1992 C. A. Smith & E. J. Wood Biosynthesis i. 20 Many proteins are post-translationally modified by the addition of oligosaccharide units, a process which goes on in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
post-Tridentine adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)trʌɪˈdɛntʌɪn/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)trᵻˈdɛntʌɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌtraɪˈdɛnˌtaɪn/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌtraɪˈdɛnˌtin/
Church History subsequent to or consequent upon the Council of Trent (1545–63).
ΚΠ
1845 J. H. Newman Ess. Devel. Christian Doctr. 323 Nor am I aware that Post-tridentine writers deny that the whole Catholic faith may be proved from Scripture.
1949 Times 31 Oct. 5/6 Post-Tridentine Catholicism..disposes of moral and spiritual forces not lightly to be ignored in the councils of nations.
1994 30 Days in Church & in World No. 4. 71/2 The post-Tridentine tradition often ran the risk of ignoring the contribution of faith both before and after baptism.
post-vaccinal adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈvaksᵻnl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈvæksən(ə)l/
Medicine occurring after vaccination.
ΚΠ
1859 J. C. Peters Sci. & Art 306 It has become easier for a patient to take post-vaccinal small-pox.
1945 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 128 319 (title) Disability following post-vaccinal (yellow fever) hepatitis.
1993 S. J. Ettinger Pocket Compan. Textbk. Vet. Internal Med. lxi. 241 Postvaccinal distemper has also been reported following immunosuppression in dogs and in association with parvovirus infection.
post-Vedic adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈveɪdɪk/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈviːdɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈveɪdɪk/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈvidɪk/
Hinduism subsequent to or later than the writing of the Vedas.
ΚΠ
1873 Appletons' Jrnl. 27 Sept. 392/3 This legend, as well as the dogma of avatars, is of post-Vedic growth.
1901 Dict. National Biogr. Suppl. II. 245/1 Fraser's Sanskrit manuscripts, forty-one in number and all post-Vedic, were the earliest..which came into the possession of Oxford University.
1995 M. Kesavan Looking through Glass 122 One day Gyanendra rounded off Guruji's sermon with a long Sanskrit verse from a post-Vedic text.
post-verbal adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈvəːbl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈvərb(ə)l/
[compare French postverbal (1881)] Linguistics following a verb.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [adjective] > preceding or following a verb
post-verbal1891
preverbal1908
preverb1966
1891 Mod. Lang. Notes 6 49/2 Here and there an innovation that is scarcely an improvement, such as the substitution of the terms ante-verbal and post-verbal for conjonctif and disjonctif.
1948 E. A. Nida in Language 24 422 The forms I and me generally occur in complementation: I occurs in preverbal subject position, me in postverbal object position and after prepositions.
1994 Appl. Linguistics 15 79 Post-verbal placement in particular is considered to belong to a more advanced stage of second language development in general.
postvocalic n.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)və(ʊ)ˈkalɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)voʊˈkælɪk/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)vəˈkælɪk/
Linguistics following a vowel.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [adjective] > before, after, or between
bivocalized1876
postvocalized1876
prevocalized1876
intervocalic1887
postvocalic1889
intervocal1891
prevocalic1909
1889 Classical Rev. 3 p.U1 Errata..for Intervocalic, read Postvocalic.
1892 J. Wright Primer Gothic Lang. i. 10 Final postvocalic g and g in the final combination gs was probably a voiceless spirant.
1994 J. Edwards Multilingualism (1995) iv. 96 In England, speakers of RP do not pronounce the postvocalic r—as in the words cart and mar.
post-zygotic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)zʌɪˈɡɒtɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌzaɪˈɡɑdɪk/
Biology taking place after fertilization, once a zygote has been formed.
ΚΠ
1934 Science 11 May 436 In the first period two post-zygotic divisions give rise to a four-celled somatella.
1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes xxiii. 408/2 Parental care is often distinguished as prezygotic (e.g., nest preparation) and postzygotic (e.g., internal brooding, guarding young).
(c) Prefixed to a date, esp. a year, to form adjectives (or occasionally adverbs).
ΚΠ
1925 Times 15 May 15/1 By 1929 Japan will also have 69 post-1920 submarines and 81 post-1918 destroyers.
1959 Amer. Antiq. 25 57 Could it be that the flat clay comal..is a post-16th century introduction from Mexico?
1969 H. Perkin Key Profession v. 208 The post-1947 decline in the birth-rate would be succeeded by a further upturn.
1982 Times 15 Oct. 8/1 The Government..has been hit hard by the recession, which has taken unemployment in Canada to a post-1930s high.
1994 Washington Times (Nexis) 29 Nov. a18 The IPCC record shows a slight increase post-1940.
2002 Victorian Nov. 19/2 The well-known story of the Great Exhibition is pithily retold, but the book gets into its stride post-1851.
b. Chiefly Anatomy or Zoology. Prefixed to adjectives (rarely nouns) to form adjectives, with the sense ‘situated, produced, or occurring behind, posterior to, (occasionally) in the posterior part of, or distal to (the thing denoted by the second element)’.
postacetabular adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstasᵻˈtabjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌæsəˈtæbjələr/
Anatomy and Zoology (a) situated behind an acetabulum, originally esp. the socket of the hip bone; (b) spec. designating a gland in a trematode posterior to the acetabulum or sucker by which it attaches itself to its host.
ΚΠ
1866 R. Owen On Anat. Vertebr. II. 34 [The ilium in birds] differs in the proportions of the pre-acetabular and post-acetabular extensions, and in the degree of divergence of the latter from the sacrum.
1964 T. J. Parker & W. A. Haswell Text-bk. Zool. (ed. 7) II. 578 It [sc. the pelvic girdle] is divisible into pre-acetabular and post-acetabular portions of approx. equal size.
1968 C. W. Schwabe & A. Kilejian in M. Florkin & B. T. Scheer Chem. Zool. II. iii. vi. 503 Stirewalt and Kruidenier (1961) additionally reported lipids in the postacetabular gland secretions.
1990 Parasite Immunol. 12 389 The 28 kDa protease was found stored in both the preacetabular and postacetabular glands.
postallantoic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstalənˈtəʊɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌælənˈtoʊɪk/
Anatomy situated behind the allantois.
ΚΠ
1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Dec. 1632 The hind gut and its continuation—the post-allantoic gut—are now without any communication with the exterior.
1923 J. R. Pennington Treat. on Dis. & Injuries Rectum, Anus & Pelvic Colon vi. 158 Post-allantoic gut practically absent; rectum ending blindly or attached by a cord.
1983 E. S. R. Hughes et al. Colorectal Surg. i. 5/1 The anal valves have been regarded as the remains of the septum which separates the embryological proctodaeal ingrowth from the postallantoic gut.
post-alveolar adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstalvɪˈəʊlə/
,
/ˌpəʊstalˈvɪələ/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌælˈvi(ə)lər/
,
/ˌpoʊstˌælviˈoʊlər/
(a) behind the alveolar ridge of the upper teeth; (b) (chiefly Phonetics) articulated with the tongue against the back part of the alveolar ridge.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [adjective] > alveolar
post-alveolar1872
palato-alveolar1914
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > [adjective] > palate > parts of
post-alveolar1872
post-velar1934
1872 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 162 53 An oblique longitudinal wide and shallow channel intervenes on the inner side of the ramus between the inflection..and the low tuberous termination of the postalveolar ridge.., about an inch and a half behind the socket of the last molar.
1932 D. Jones Outl. Eng. Phonetics (ed. 3) ix. 44 Post-alveolar: articulated by the tip of the tongue against the back part of the teeth-ridge.
1973 Amer. Speech 1969 44 265 Heavy retroflexion is understood to be an r produced by passing the breath between the underside of the apex of the tongue and the postalveolar or prepalatal region.
1991 Eng. Today Apr. 27/2 Among speakers of Asante-Twi, some individuals substitute the voiced alveolar lateral continuant /l/ for the voiced post-alveolar frictionless continuant /r/ so that one hears correct instead of collect..(and vice versa).
postanal adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊstˈeɪnl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˈeɪn(ə)l/
Anatomy and Zoology situated behind or posterior to the anus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > intestines > [adjective] > rectum > anus > situated near
anal1769
postanal1852
perianal1876
periproctic1890
1852 S. F. Baird & C. Girard in H. Stansbury Explor. & Surv. Valley Great Salt Lake (U.S. Army Corps Topogr. Engineers) App. C. 356 In the post-anal groove some larger scales may occasionally be seen.
1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 335 There is generally said to be a post-anal section of the archenteron in Vertebrata which communicates by a neur-enteric canal with the neural tube.
1995 J. S. Ryland in P. J. Hayward & J. S. Ryland Handbk. Marine Fauna N.W. Europe xiv. 735/1 Greater pipefish... Eggs carried in a postanal brood pouch.
postantennal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstanˈtɛnl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌænˈtɛn(ə)l/
Entomology situated behind the antennae; spec. designating a sensory organ occurring immediately behind the antennae in certain insects of the order Collembola.
ΚΠ
1876 J. Lubbock in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 18 324 Tullbergia antarctica... Postantennal organ situated directly behind the antenna.
1895 Cambr. Nat. Hist. V. 193 This structure [sc. the prostemmate]..is said by Sir John Lubbock to be present in some of the Lipuridæ that have no ocelli, and he therefore prefers to speak of it as the ‘post-antennal’ organ.
1995 P. E. King & P. J. A. Pugh in P. J. Hayward & J. S. Ryland Handbk. Marine Fauna N.W. Europe ix. 471/2 Class Collembola... Head has pair of antennae, usually with four segments, often 1–8 ocelli and a postantennal organ.
postarytenoid adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊstarᵻˈtiːnɔɪd/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊstəˈrɪtənɔɪd/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊstəˈrɪtn̩ɔɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˈrɪtnˌɔɪd/
,
/ˌpoʊstˌɛrəˈtiˌnɔɪd/
Anatomy rare situated behind the arytenoid cartilages of the larynx.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. Postarytenoid.
2003 RadioGraphics 23 1207 The postarytenoid soft tissue and the posterior pharyngeal wall are apposed.
postauditory adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊstˈɔːdᵻt(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈɔdəˌtɔri/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈɑdəˌtɔri/
Anatomy and Zoology situated behind the auditory apparatus or vestibulocochlear (auditory) nerve.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > sense organ > hearing organ > parts of hearing organ > [adjective] > other cavities
vestibular1836
postauditory1870
vestibulo-auditory1945
1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 8 The post-auditory process of the squamosal.
1875 T. H. Huxley & H. N. Martin Course Elem. Biol. (1877) 190 The Post-auditory nerves.
1985 Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. 238 218 The primordium is first detected in the postauditory region immediately adjacent to the developing sensory ganglion.
postauricular adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstɔːˈrɪkjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˌɔˈrɪkjələr/
,
/ˌpoʊstˌɑˈrɪkjələr/
Anatomy and Zoology situated or occurring behind the ear.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > ear > [adjective]
auricular1649
parotic1857
postauricular1869
preauricular1876
1869 Proc. Royal Soc. 18 35 This is accomplished by marking the vertical and horizontal distance of a number of points from the postauricular depression.
1934 F. Stark Valleys of Assassins ii. 193 The post-auricular length..is about one-third of the total length.
1993 Current Therapeutic Res. 53 356 Postauricular areas [of the scalp] were treated twice daily for 8 weeks.
postbrachial adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈbreɪkɪəl/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈbrakɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈbreɪkiəl/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈbrækiəl/
[ < post- prefix + brachial adj., originally after post-classical Latin postbrachialis (mid 16th cent.), postbrachiale (1541 or earlier)] Anatomy (a) situated behind or beyond the arm (in quot. 1578: designating the metacarpal bones of the hand); situated on the back of the upper arm, as the triceps muscle; (b) situated or occurring in the part of the spinal cord behind or below the part which supplies nerves to the forelimbs.
ΚΠ
1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 29 The vj. [bone] is fastened to the angular bosome of the Postbrachiall bones.
1890 Cent. Dict. (citing E. Coues) Postbrachial.
1976 Appl. Neurophysiol. 39 27 (title) Does postbrachial deafferentation modify the cortical responses to forelimb stimulation?
1983 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 301 36 The anterior mass... shows no clear division into prebrachial and postbrachial parts.
postbranchial adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈbraŋkɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈbræŋkiəl/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈbrɑŋkiəl/
Ichthyology situated behind the gills, or behind a gill.
ΚΠ
1851 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 141 581 It [sc. the respiratory cavity]..communicates freely by means of the apertures in the branchial network with the post-branchial or anal cavity.
1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xii. 283 The posterior or post-branchial branch is larger, and runs down the anterior border of the first branchial arch.
1990 Jrnl. Molluscan Stud. 56 155/1 The transformation..of the left kidney into a pallial papillary sac with a post-branchial tidal blood supply..is accompanied by the loss of nitrogenous excretory activity.
postcaecal adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsiːkl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsik(ə)l/
Anatomy and Zoology situated behind or beyond the caecum.
ΚΠ
1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. i. 44 The intestine is divided into the small intestine or antecæcal, and into the large intestine or postcæcal.
1995 E. W. Knight-Jones et al. in P. J. Hayward & J. S. Ryland Handbk. Marine Fauna N.W. Europe vi. 274/2 Leeches... Postcaecal cavities unfused.
postcalcaneal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kalˈkeɪnɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌkælˈkeɪniəl/
Anatomy and Zoology situated or occurring behind the calcaneum; spec. designating a lobe of the interfemoral membrane of a bat.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. Post-calcaneal.
1987 Jrnl. Foot Surg. 26 371 Triple arthrodesis is valuable in the stabilization and correction of foot deformity resulting from postcalcaneal fracture.
post-canine n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkeɪnʌɪn/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkanʌɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkeɪˌnaɪn/
Anatomy Zoology Physical Anthropology (a) adj. (esp. of a tooth) posterior to the canine teeth; (b) n. a tooth in this position.
ΚΠ
1912 Science 5 Apr. 546 The postcanine diastema is reduced or absent.
1936 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 226 125 It will be seen from this series that the canine tooth occupies a constant position, and the post-canines remain close to it and do not occupy a much greater space in the old specimens than they do in the young.
1958 W. E. Swinton Fossil Amphibians & Reptiles (ed. 2) vii. 37 The post-canine teeth (cheek teeth) all have several cusps.
1991 Science (Nexis) 1 Mar. 1063 Older, well-worn postcanines are fused to the alveoli by a small ring of attachment bone.
2000 Amer. Jrnl. Physical Anthropol. 111 45 A postulated evolutionary trajectory through A. anamensis to A. afarensis would have involved postcanine megadontia and other adaptations to a more heavily masticated diet relative to the earlier Ardipithecus ramidus.
postcapillary adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kəˈpɪl(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkæpəˌlɛri/
Anatomy and Physiology of, relating to, or designating the blood vessels (usually venules) into which blood flows from capillaries.
ΚΠ
1935 Amer. Heart Jrnl. 10 774 Dilatation of the postcapillary veins.
1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 8 Feb. 318/1 Whereas precapillary constriction tends to decrease capillary pressure and favor fluid influx from extra-vascular space in the capillary, postcapillary constriction has the reverse effect.
1998 Anat. Rec. 250 245 The precapillary arterioles, capillaries, postcapillary venules, and venules are situated in the internal layers of the perineurium.
postcardinal n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkɑːdᵻn(ə)l/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkɑːdn̩(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkɑrdn̩(ə)l/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkɑrdənəl/
Anatomy and Medicine (a) situated behind the heart; (b) spec. designating either of a pair of blood vessels situated behind the vertebrate heart (and which do not persist beyond birth in mammals).
ΚΠ
1898 Science 25 Feb. 228/2 The combination of the post-cardinal and accessory vein on the right side gives rise to the azygos vein.
1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes iv. 45/2 The oval and bladder wall are also supplied by intercostal branches of the dorsal aorta and returned through the postcardinal system.
postcephalic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)sᵻˈfalɪk/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)kɛˈfalɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)səˈfælɪk/
Anatomy and Zoology (a) situated behind or posterior to the head; (b) spec. designating the segments of an arthropod, etc., situated posterior to the head; (in quot. 1880: designating the segment immediately posterior to the head).
ΚΠ
1880 Amer. Naturalist 14 375 At the bases of each pair of legs a pair of simple hairy appendages are attached, except to the first or postcephalic.
1900 L. C. Miall & A. R. Hammond Struct. & Life Hist. Harlequin Fly ii. 72 In a larva of one of the larger species of Chironomus the heart lies in the eleventh post-cephalic segment.
1995 Lethaia 28 333 Shape is more tightly constrained than the numbers of postcephalic segments, which can be quite variable.
postcolumellar adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)kɒljᵿˈmɛlə/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌkɑljəˈmɛlər/
Anatomy and Zoology situated behind or in the posterior part of the columella (bone).
ΚΠ
1880 Jrnl. Linn. Soc.: Zool. 15 No. 82. 91 Leaving only a central depression and a post-columellar furrow.
1983 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 302 623 The pterygoids descend and broaden around the interpterygoid vacuity and rise into broad plates (postcolumellar process) behind the columellar fossa.
postcoxal adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkɒksl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkɑks(ə)l/
Entomology situated behind the coxae of an insect.
ΚΠ
1889 Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 16 9 Postcoxal process short, strongly ascending, not margined behind.
1944 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 37 174 The narrow sclerite behind the coxa which unites ventrally with the sternum and dorsally with the peritreme (ptr) of the first thoracic spiracle, is the postcoxal bridge.
1982 Ann. Rev. Ecol. & Systematics 13 264 Changes in adult structure during this period [sc. the Upper Permian] include a decrease in antennal segments, elimination of the prothoracic postcoxal bridge, development of more regular elytral ribbing, [etc.].
post-cricoid adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkrʌɪkɔɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkraɪˌkɔɪd/
Anatomy and Medicine posterior to the cricoid cartilage of the larynx.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [adjective] > of mouth or throat
cricoid1657
cricoidal1698
arytenoid1728
cricothyroid1740
cricoarytenoid1754
thyroidal1827
thyroid1828
epiglottidean1840
thyro-epiglottic1844
thyro-arytenoid1855
thyroidean1860
thyropharyngean1860
arytenoidal1872
thyropalatine1872
epiglottic1887
thyrolingual1896
thyro-epiglottidean1901
post-cricoid1907
1907 N.E.D. at Post- Post-cricoid.
1954 Jrnl. Laryngol. & Otol. 68 260 (heading) Radiotherapy in postcricoid carcinoma.
1971 Brit. Med. Bull. 27 34/1 Difficulty in swallowing is associated with a post-cricoid web of mucous membrane.
1995 Ann. Internal Med. 155 2008 The [Plummer–Vinson] syndrome is associated with an increased incidence of postcricoid carcinoma.
postcruciate adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkruːʃɪət/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkruːʃɪeɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkruʃ(i)ət/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkruʃiˌeɪt/
Zoology (in certain mammals) situated behind the cruciate sulcus of the cerebrum.
ΚΠ
1885 Alienist & Neurologist 6 9 That part of the cerebral cortex which corresponds to the post-cruciate convolution.
1993 Exper. Brain Res. 94 273 About 2.3% of the postcruciate and 15% of the precruciate neurons responded only to optic chiasm stimulation.
postcubital n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈkjuːbᵻtl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈkjubəd(ə)l/
†(a) adj. Anatomy situated behind or on the back of the forearm (rare); (b) n. Entomology a wing vein posterior to the cubitus.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. Postcubital, situated upon the back of the forearm: specifically noting a group or set of cubital muscles (Coues).
1890 Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 17 36 The cloud on the middle of the wings is only distinctly represented by a yellowish costal streak, extending from the fifth or sixth antecubital to the seventh or eighth postcubital.
1977 O. W. Richards & R. G. Davies Imms's Gen. Textbk. Entomol. (ed. 10) II. 511 Fam. Protoneuridae... no supplementary postcubitals.
postdental n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈdɛntl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈdɛn(t)l/
(a) adj. behind the teeth; spec. (Phonetics) articulated with the tongue against the gum or palate just behind the teeth; (b) n. Phonetics any of the sounds produced in this way.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [noun] > dental
dentala1794
linguodental1818
postdental1889
interdental1953
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [adjective] > dental
dental1594
linguadental1668
labiodental1669
linguodental1818
interdental1877
postdental1889
lamino-dental1968
1889 Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. 4 239 At the same time..t, d, p are the same as n, m, that is, postdental or interdental (coronal articulation).
1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. vi. 98 In Sanskrit.., postdentals..and domals..are distinct phonemes.
1961 L. F. Brosnahan Sounds of Lang. vi. 138 The order of appearance of consonants is generally from back to front, in the order: glottal, velar, post-dental, palatal, labial, and labio-dental.
1980 D. Crystal First Dict. Linguistics & Phonetics 105 If the sound is articulated towards the back of the upper teeth, close to the alveolar ridge, the term ‘post-dental’ can be used.
postethmoid adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊstˈɛθmɔɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˈɛθˌmɔɪd/
Anatomy and Zoology situated or occurring behind the ethmoid bone.
ΚΠ
1870 W. H. Flower Introd. Osteol. Mammalia x. 136 The Orang agrees with Man in wanting this postethmoid union of the frontals.
1975 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 269 307 (caption) Restoration of post-ethmoid parts of neurocranium and attached dermal bones in lateral view.
postfemoral adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈfɛm(ə)rəl/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈfiːm(ə)rəl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈfɛm(ə)rəl/
Anatomy and Zoology situated posterior to, or in or on the posterior part of, the femur or thigh.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. Postfemoral.
1945 Amer. Midland Naturalist 33 736 Postfemoral muscles arising from this part of the pelvis are brought into a more advantageous position for movement of the leg.
1986 Biol. Jrnl. Linn. Soc. 29 1 Many scattered lizard groups have small skin invaginations in such places as the neck, axilla, groin and postfemoral region.
postglenoid adj. and n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈɡliːnɔɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈɡlɛˌnɔɪd/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈɡliˌnɔɪd/
Anatomy and Zoology (a) adj. situated behind a glenoid cavity; spec. designating a process of the squamosal bone or the squamous portion of the temporal bone, behind the cavity in which the lower jaw articulates; (b) n. rare the postglenoid process of the squamosal or temporal bone.
ΚΠ
1853 R. Owen in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 143 291 The total length of this portion of the skull from the post-glenoid process..to the anterior incisor..is 6 inches 4 lines. [Note] The process..is so called in my Catalogue of the Osteology in the Mus. Coll. Chir.
1890 Cent. Dict. Postglenoid,..n. The postglenoid process of the squamosal bone.
1926 Science 22 Jan. 77/1 I regard the following bodily characters as mainly non-adaptive variations:..the presence or absence of a postglenoid tubercle and a pharygneal fossa or tubercle.
1992 Jrnl. Morphol. 213 275 The postglenoid process prevents ventral displacement of the working-side mandibular condyle.
1994 Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. Special Publ. No. 18. 174/1 The increase in length of the postglenoid beyond 14 days after birth does not depend on the elongation of the cranial base, but on the growth of the postcochlear region.
postglenoidal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)ɡlᵻˈnɔɪdl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ɡləˈnɔɪd(ə)l/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌɡliˈnɔɪd(ə)l/
Anatomy and Zoology (now rare) = postglenoid adj. and n.
ΚΠ
1871 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Vertebrated Animals viii. 361 The squamosal [of the rhinoceros] sends down an immense post-glenoidal process.
a1948 F. Weidenreich Morphol. Solo Man (1951) 274 In modern man where a postglenoidal process is developed, it never reaches farther than the deepest portion of the fossa which lodges the meniscus, nor does it form a posterior bony wall for the mandibular joint as this process does in anthropoids.
† posthippocampal adj. Anatomy Obsolete rare situated posterior to the hippocampus.
ΚΠ
1868 R. Owen On Anat. Vertebr. III. 135 The most..important of these [fissures] in Man, has..received the name of ‘posthippocampal’.
posthumeral adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈhjuːm(ə)rəl/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈhjuːm(ə)rl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈ(h)jumərəl/
Entomology (a) posterior to the humerus; (b) spec. designating a bristle situated behind the humeri.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > arm > [adjective] > upper arm
posthumeral1901
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [adjective] > of leg(s) > behind humeri
posthumeral1901
1901 Amer. Naturalist 35 348 Dorsum with six macrochætæ: two small humeral, two larger post-humeral, and two widely separated post-median ones.
1961 J. E. Collin Empididae i. 59 There may..often be a distinct posthumeral bristle, and all except the acrostichals may be longer and stronger.
1995 Jrnl. Med. Entomol. 32 381 This species is close to N[eotrombicula] subsignata but differs in having eight setae in the first posthumeral row.
post-ischial adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊstˈɪskɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˈɪskiəl/
Anatomy situated behind the ischium.
ΚΠ
1878 A. Macalister Introd. Systematic Zool. & Morphol. Vertebr. Animals xxx. 222 Dasypinæ, with large external ears, and a pelvis protected by no post-ischial bony shield.
1910 H. C. Bryant Horned Lizards Calif. & Nevada (M.Sc. thesis, Univ. of Calif.) 12 Running posteriorly from the symphysis and up towards the vertebral column, is a slender rodlike cartilage which varies in length in the different species. From its position it might be termed the post ischial symphyseal cartilage.
1991 J. Jabbour tr. H. Tilscher & M. Eder Ailing Spine ii. 22 Characteristic clinical manifestations of this are the upper quadrant syndrome in the cervical region and so-called postischial circulatory disturbance in the lumbar region.
postjunctional adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈdʒʌŋ(k)ʃn̩(ə)l/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈdʒʌŋ(k)ʃən(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈdʒəŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nəl/
Physiology of, relating to, or designating the distal side of a junction between cells, esp. the effector side of a synaptic junction.
ΚΠ
1955 Science 2 Dec. 1098 The distinction between electrically excitable and electrically inexcitable stages in the response of the postjunctional membrane of cells was emphasized.
1983 Gen. Pharmacol. 14 61 On exposure to cold there is a marked increase in the affinity of the postjunctional α-adrenoceptors for norepinephrine.
2002 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 700/1 Extracellular application of cAMP resulted in the activation of a current in the postjunctional cell.
postmeatal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)mɪˈeɪtl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)miˈeɪdl/
Anatomy and Zoology situated behind or posterior to a meatus.
ΚΠ
1895 Proc. Zool. Soc. 373 The postaxial margin of the postmeatal lamella.
1980 Neurosurgery 6 483 The nerve-related arterial trunks were divided into three segments based on their relationship to the nerves and meatus: the premeatal, meatal, and postmeatal segments.
postmedian adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈmiːdɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈmidiən/
Anatomy and Zoology situated posterior to the middle transverse line or plane of the body.
ΚΠ
1873 Amer. Naturalist 7 179 The females [sc. ribbon seals] are simply whitish-yellow, or have very indistinct traces of the postmedian band.
1996 Fund. & Appl. Nematol. 19 185 The structures are dorsal to the lateral fields, in the postmedian portion of the body.
postoesophageal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊstᵻsɒfəˈdʒiːəl/
,
/ˌpəʊstiːsɒfəˈdʒiːəl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstəˌsɑfəˈdʒiəl/
Anatomy and Zoology situated behind the oesophagus.
ΚΠ
1876 H. A. Nicholson Man. Zool. 253 The post-oesophageal ganglia are united to the preceding by cords which form a collar round the gullet.
1947 A. D. Imms Outl. Entomol. (ed. 3) ii. 28 The tritocerebrum is formed by the third pair of cephalic ganglia and lies beneath the antennary lobes... Its component ganglia are widely apart and are joined by the post-oesophageal commissure.
1985 Systematic Zool. 34 167/1 That part with the unattached spindle muscle also developed into two genera, the monotypic Xenosiphon and a larger one which developed the postesophageal loop (Sipunculus).
postolivary adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊstˈɒlᵻv(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˈɑləˌvɛri/
Anatomy situated behind the olivary body.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) Postolivary sulcus, same as sulcus postolivaris.
2003 Neurosurgery 52 1400 The rootlets of the GPhN [= glossopharyngeal nerve] emerge from the postolivary sulcus.
postpalatine n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈpalətʌɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpæləˌtaɪn/
Zoology (a) adj. = postpalatal adj. 1; (b) n. = postpalatal adj. 1 (now rare).
ΚΠ
1877 J. B. Holder Hist. Amer. Fauna in J. Richardson et al. Museum Nat. Hist. III. p. cxxix/2 The pterygoid [bones] are thick, produced backwards, meeting in the middle line, and not involuted to form the outer wall of the post-palatine air-sinus.
1877 Philos. Trans. 1876 (Royal Soc.) 166 638 A little crest of cartilage marks the point where the postpalatine passes into the pterygoid.
1903 Amer. Naturalist 37 719 A large foramen pierces either postpalatine.
1990 M. B. Goodwin in K. Carpenter & P. J. Currie Dinosaur Systematics (1992) xi. 157 Postpalatine foramen absent.
postparietal adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)pəˈrʌɪᵻtl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)pəˈraɪəd(ə)l/
Zoology (a) adj. posterior to a parietal structure; spec. designating either of a pair of bones behind the parietal bones in the skull of certain reptiles, amphibians, and fishes; (b) n. a postparietal bone.
ΚΠ
1878 T. Gill in Johnson's New Universal Cycl. III. 55/2 In [the brachiopod] Glottidia the neural valve has two internal ridges or lamellæ diverging forward from the beak, and apparently serving as fulcra for the post-parietal muscles.
1890 Cent. Dict. Postparietal, a. and n.
1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) viii. 240 The postparietals (dermal supraoccipitals) are at the back rim of the roof and may descend as flanges onto the posterior surface of the braincase.
2004 Jrnl. Neurosci. 24 5391 The somatotopical organization of the postcentral gyrus is well known, but less is known about..the somatosensory association areas in the postparietal cortex.
postpetiole n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈpɛtɪəʊl/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈpiːtɪəʊl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpɛdiˌoʊl/
Entomology (in certain insects, esp. ants) the segment or part immediately behind the petiole connecting the abdomen and thorax.
ΚΠ
1877 Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 6 130 The sculpture of the postpetiole, or apex of first segment.., and the shape and depth of the gastrocœli..are generally of considerable importance in separating the species.
1988 Biol. Jrnl. Linn. Soc. 33 1 The petiole and postpetiole of the ants are usually mimicked by a lengthened pedicel, together with a narrowing of the posterior cephalothorax and/or anterior abdomen.
postpharyngeal adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)fəˈrɪn(d)ʒɪəl/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)farᵻnˈdʒiːəl/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)farn̩ˈdʒiːəl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)fəˈrɪndʒ(i)əl/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˌfɛrənˈdʒiəl/
Anatomy and Zoology situated behind the pharynx.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > speech organs > types of speech organ > [adjective] > pharynx
pharyngeal1754
pharyngal1756
pharyngic1822
pharyngopalatine1843
retropharyngeal1843
pharyngolaryngeal1848
postpharyngeal1860
thyropharyngean1860
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > throat or gullet > [adjective] > pharynx
pharyngeal1754
pharyngal1756
pharyngic1822
pharyngopalatine1843
retropharyngeal1843
hypopharyngeal1856
postpharyngeal1860
oropharyngeal1885
1860 J. E. Erichsen Sci. & Art Surg. (new ed.) 720 Tumors are occasionally met with in the post-pharyngeal cellular tissue.
1897 Trans. Amer. Pediatric Soc. 9 175 Extending from high up in the post-pharyngeal wall downwards four and a half inches as far as the fourth rib.
1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) xii. 376 In amphioxus and cyclostomes, the postpharyngeal gut is essentially a single tubular unit; most familiar landmarks are absent.
postpituitary adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)pᵻˈtjuːᵻt(ə)ri/
,
/ˌpəʊs(t)pᵻˈtʃuːᵻt(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)pəˈt(j)uəˌtɛri/
Anatomy (a) situated behind the pituitary fossa or gland; (b) relating to or produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
ΚΠ
1866 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 156 147 This slit passes down the oblique, gradually narrowing, postpituitary mass.
1923 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 95 30 We may, therefore, proffer provisionally the hypothesis that the colour changes of the intact frog are due to the fluctuating activity of the post-pituitary secreting mechanism in response to natural factors.
2003 Med. Post (Nexis) 15 Apr. 37 He checks for the common bodily causes and finds none save one very rare and hard to diagnose remote possibility: postpituitary deficiency.
† postpontile adj. Anatomy Obsolete rare situated behind the pons of the brain.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. Postpontile.
postrhinal adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈrʌɪnl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈraɪn(ə)l/
Anatomy and Zoology situated behind the nose or nasal cavity, or behind the olfactory lobe of the brain.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > sense organ > olfactory organ > [adjective]
postnasal1859
Jacobsonian1878
postrhinal1880
the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [adjective] > lobe
rhinencephalic1846
postnasal1859
parietal1861
prefrontal1878
postrhinal1880
postfrontal1883
suboccipital1885
insular1886
transfrontal1889
preoptic1890
premotor1923
1880 B. G. Wilder in Science 31 July 50/1 These [sc. junctions] are of the rhinal with the postrhinal, and of the sylvian with the point of their union.
1903 Amer. Naturalist 37 719 Maxillo-palatines large.., nearly filling post-rhinal chamber.
1995 Hippocampus 5 390 (title) Perirhinal and postrhinal cortices of the rat.
postrolandic adj.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)rə(ʊ)ˈlandɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)roʊˈlændɪk/
Anatomy and Medicine posterior to the fissure of Rolando in the brain.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. Postrolandic.
1976 Brain Res. 107 181 The resting pattern is readily changed by voluntary motor activity which gives a rolandic–postrolandic activity peak.
1990 Neurology 40 1278 Premotor factors were more pronounced in patients with lesions involving the frontal lobes than in patients with lesions confined to postrolandic areas.
postrostral adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈrɒstr(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈrɔstrəl/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈrɑstrəl/
Zoology situated behind the rostrum of a crustacean.
ΚΠ
1852 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Crustacea Pt. I 114 Post-rostral length about equal to greatest breadth.
1924 J. Kiaer Downtonian Fauna of Norway 38 It continues anteriorly in the form of a small outwardly turned plate, which joins the median complex of plates of the rostral area. I have therefore named this little plate the post-rostral plate.
1990 Beagle 7 55 The new species..is closely related only to P[ericlimenes] gorgonicola Bruce, from which it differs in the presence of large articulated postrostral spines.
postsacral adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈseɪkr(ə)l/
,
/(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsakr(ə)l/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsækrəl/
,
/ˌpoʊs(t)ˈseɪkrəl/
Anatomy situated posterior (i.e. caudal) to the sacrum or sacral vertebrae.
ΚΠ
1879 Proc. Royal Soc. 1878–9 28 399 In Rhea, the ischia unite with some of the post-sacral vertebræ as they do in many Mammalia.
1988 Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. 269 193 The relatively large, postsacral spinal cord of Xenopus contains abundant motoneurons and their axons.
postscapular adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈskapjᵿlə/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈskæpjələr/
Anatomy rare situated behind or below the spine of the scapula; spec. designating a fossa (the infraspinous fossa) formed by the lower surface of the spine of the scapula and the lower part of the dorsal surface of the scapula.
ΚΠ
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 376/2 Post-scapular fossa.
1997 Jrnl. Dairy Sci. 80 3234 Treated cows received bST injected subcutaneously in the postscapular region.
poststernal adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈstəːnl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈstərn(ə)l/
Anatomy and Medicine situated or occurring behind the sternum.
ΚΠ
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 72 It might be suspected from the intensity and superficialness of post-sternal pain with tenderness.
2002 Ann. Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surg. 8 51/2 Postoperative bleeding through the poststernal drainage tube occurred.
post-stigmatal adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈstɪɡmətl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈstɪɡməd(ə)l/
Entomology situated beyond the stigma (pterostigma) in the wing of a hymenopteran insect.
ΚΠ
1894 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 32 App. 231 Auxiliary vein terminating at the middle of the inner marginal cell; post-stigmatal cross vein transverse, brief; trapezoidal cell rather short.
1903 Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 29 116 Marginal cell with substigmatal portion 300 [μ]; poststigmatal 500 [μ].
2004 Rec. Zool. Surv. India 103 94 Post-stigmatal prolongation of peritrematal shield extending posteriorly, encircling coxa IV posteriorly.
postsylvian adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈsɪlvɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈsɪlviən/
Anatomy and Medicine (now rare) situated behind the Sylvian fissure of the brain.
ΚΠ
1868 R. Owen On Anat. Vertebr. III. 125 A ‘postsylvian fissure’..is added.
1977 Paleobiology 3 346/1 The appearance of a dimple ventral to the caudal end of the suprasylvian sulcus in Procynodictis suggests incipient development of a postsylvian sulcus (= posterior limb of the suprasulvian sulcus).
post-tibial adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈtɪbɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈtɪbiəl/
situated posterior to, or in or on the posterior part of, the tibia.
ΚΠ
1860 Philos. Trans. 1859 (Royal Soc.) 149 813 The fabella, or post-tibial sesamoid bone.., is a smaller subhemispheric bone, with a circular, slightly concave articular surface, which was applied to part of the outer condyle of the femur.
1983 Clin. Physiol. 3 281 Among children below 1 year of age, the ankle systolic blood pressure was significantly lower than the arm blood pressure and lowest when recorded over the dorsal pedal artery as compared to the post-tibial artery.
post-tympanic adj. and n.
Brit. /ˌpəʊs(t)tɪmˈpanɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˌtɪmˈpænɪk/
Zoology (a) adj. designating a process of the squamosal bone in some vertebrates which arches over the tympanic bone of the ear; (b) n. the post-tympanic bone.
ΚΠ
1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 236 A well-developed post-tympanic process.
1891 Amer. Naturalist 25 46 The post-tympanics are broad and heavy.
1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xiii. 318 From the hinder border of each squamosal a slender post-tympanic process arches backwards over the external auditory meatus, lying along the outer surface of the periotic.
1992 Systematic Biol. 41 73/2 External auditory meatus high, nearly enclosed ventrally by mutual contact of the squamosal, posttympanic, and postglenoid processes.
postumbonal adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊstˈʌmbənl/
,
/ˌpəʊstʌmˈbəʊnl/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊstˈəmbən(ə)l/
,
/ˌpoʊstˌəmˈboʊn(ə)l/
Conchology situated or measured behind or posterior to the umbo of a shell.
ΚΠ
1856 T. A. Conrad Descr. Tertiary Fossils in H. L. Abbot Rep. Explor. Route Sacramento Valley to Columbia River: Geol. Rep. (U.S. War Dept.: Rep. Explor. Route to Pacific VI) 70 Arcopagia medialis... Post umbonal slope slightly contracted in the middle, emarginate at base.
1947 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 233 10 Immediately in front and over the tip of the umbo the shell is thick, becoming thinner on the post-umbonal slope.
1997 U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 2151. 4/2 Monotis (Monotis) alaskana... Postumbonal length up to twice anterior length.
post-velar n.
Brit. /(ˌ)pəʊs(t)ˈviːlə/
,
U.S. /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈvilər/
(a) adj. Anatomy behind or at the back of the velum or soft palate; spec. (Phonetics) articulated with the tongue against the rear half of the velum or soft palate; (also) designating a sound that comes after a velar. (b) n. Phonetics any of the sounds produced in this way.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [noun] > velar
velar1886
labiovelar1892
post-velar1934
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [adjective] > velar
velar1876
dark1882
labiovelar1894
velarized1915
post-velar1934
velaric1934
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > [adjective] > palate > parts of
post-alveolar1872
post-velar1934
1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Post-velar a.
1934 J. J. Hogan Outl. Eng. Philol. i. 7 If the back-stops are made farther back than the normal series, they are called Post-Velars.
1942 B. Bloch & G. L. Trager Outl. Ling. Anal. ii. 16 Different points of articulation are designated by the terms pre-velar, mediovelar, and postvelar (or uvular).
1964 E. Palmer tr. A. Martinet Elements Gen. Linguistics ii. 50 A dorsal may also be..post-velar or uvular as in the initial sound of rouge in the Parisian pronunciation.
1966 M. Pei Gloss. Ling. Terminol. Post-velar, a consonant produced with the tongue farther back than the velar position, and the articulation against the rear half of the velum, or soft palate (Arabic q).
1992 J. Milroy Ling. Variation & Change 148 Unlike pre-velar raising, post-velar raising is highly recessive.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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