portressn.¹

Brit.

/pɔːˈtrɛs/,

/ˈpɔːtrᵻs/, U.S.

/ˈpɔrtrəs/

Forms:

α. Middle English porteris, Middle English (1500s Scottish) portaress, Middle English–1500s porteresse, 1500s– porteress.

β. Middle English–1600s portresse, 1500s portres, 1500s– portress.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: porter n.¹, -ess suffix¹.

Etymology: < porter n.¹ + -ess suffix¹: see -tress suffix. N.E.D. (1907) gives the headword as portress, porteress, the latter form with the pronunciation (pǭ·ɹtərės) /ˈpɔːtərᵻs/.

1. A female porter; a woman who acts as porter or doorkeeper, esp. in a nunnery.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > usher > door- or gate-keeper > female

portress1303

janitress1806

janitrix1841

society > faith > church government > monasticism > monastic functionary > porter (female) > [noun]

portressa1500

1303 in F. Palgrave Antient Kalendars & Inventories (1836) I. 258 (MED) Imania le Porteresse.

a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 33 Ianitrix, a porteris.

a1500 Rule Minoresses in W. W. Seton Two 15th Cent. Franciscan Rules (1914) 91 None dore ne gate þer be nat openid wiþoute verray knowinge of þe same Suster... And..þer be assignid..an oþer suster for to be felow & helpinge to þe forseyde porteresse.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) iv. 16 I came to ryall gate, Where I sawe stondynge the goodly portres.

1548 Queen Catherine in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. II. 152 That yowr porteresse may wayte at the gate..for yow.

1613–31 Primer Our Lady 264 The wench..that was portresse sayth to Peter, art not thou also of this mans disciples?

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 746 T' whom thus the Portress of Hell Gate reply'd; Hast thou forgot me then, and do I seem Now in thine eye so foul.

1741 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1914) 14 125 Sister Ann Xaveria Gerard... Render'd y^e H Religⁿ much service in several of y^e chief employments, namely y^t of Portress for many Years.

1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. ii. 97 The porteress appeared immediately upon the ringing of the bell.

1862 J. Skelton Nugæ Criticæ viii. 364 The old porteress, with her rusty keys, will admit you within the deserted church.

1895 F. M. Crawford Casa Braccio iv The portress and another nun came to let him in.

1958 Times 1 Oct. 11/7 Most clubs still have waiters in their smoking-rooms and porters have not yet become porteresses.

1985 ‘E. Peters’ Excellent Myst. (1986) vi. 73 He came to the abbey gatehouse... The portress peered at him through the grille, and asked his business.

†2. figurative and in personifications. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vii. 696 (MED) Ground of al, as cheef porteresse, Texile vertu was froward idilnesse.

c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) 2615 (MED) Ydelnesse..is the chefe porteresse, Of the entre lady and maistresse.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 4577 (MED) I am my-sylff the porteresse..That noon of hih nor lowh degre Kome no ner with-oute me.

1521 R. Copland in A. Barclay Introd. Frenche f. 16^v In eschewynge of ydlenesse the portresse of vyces.

1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse 48 The Goddesse of eloquence and perswasion was the portresse of his mouth.

1792 S. Rogers Pleasures Mem. ii. 8 Sweet Memory..Thee, in whose hands the keys of Science dwell, The pensive portress of her holy cell.

1820 C. R. Maturin Melmoth II. vii. 125 I approached the door, of which hope and despair seemed to stand the alternate portresses.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† portressn.²

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from French. Etymon: French portice.

Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps < Middle French portice back door, postern, gate (recorded in F. Godefroy Dict. de l'ancienne langue française (1880 –1902 ) in an apparently isolated attestation; also pourtis (15th cent.)), with ending perhaps remodelled after fortress n.Middle French portice , pourtis is an alteration (after porte port n.³) of postis (12th cent. in Old French) < classical Latin postīca back door, postern (2nd cent. a.d. in Apuleius), use as noun (short for porta postīca ) of feminine of postīcus postic adj.

Obsolete. rare.

A gate of a castle or fortified town.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > gate > [noun]

portc1330

town gatec1380

city gatec1450

castle-gate1590

portress1638

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 158 The wall..has a dozen Portresses [1665 adds or Gates], of which, foure are shut up.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

单词	portress
释义	portressn.¹ Brit. /pɔːˈtrɛs/, /ˈpɔːtrᵻs/, U.S. /ˈpɔrtrəs/ Forms: α. Middle English porteris, Middle English (1500s Scottish) portaress, Middle English–1500s porteresse, 1500s– porteress. β. Middle English–1600s portresse, 1500s portres, 1500s– portress. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: porter n.¹, -ess suffix¹. Etymology: < porter n.¹ + -ess suffix¹: see -tress suffix. N.E.D. (1907) gives the headword as portress, porteress, the latter form with the pronunciation (pǭ·ɹtərės) /ˈpɔːtərᵻs/. 1. A female porter; a woman who acts as porter or doorkeeper, esp. in a nunnery. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > usher > door- or gate-keeper > female portress1303 janitress1806 janitrix1841 society > faith > church government > monasticism > monastic functionary > porter (female) > [noun] portressa1500 1303 in F. Palgrave Antient Kalendars & Inventories (1836) I. 258 (MED) Imania le Porteresse. a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 33 Ianitrix, a porteris. a1500 Rule Minoresses in W. W. Seton Two 15th Cent. Franciscan Rules (1914) 91 None dore ne gate þer be nat openid wiþoute verray knowinge of þe same Suster... And..þer be assignid..an oþer suster for to be felow & helpinge to þe forseyde porteresse. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) iv. 16 I came to ryall gate, Where I sawe stondynge the goodly portres. 1548 Queen Catherine in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. II. 152 That yowr porteresse may wayte at the gate..for yow. 1613–31 Primer Our Lady 264 The wench..that was portresse sayth to Peter, art not thou also of this mans disciples? 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 746 T' whom thus the Portress of Hell Gate reply'd; Hast thou forgot me then, and do I seem Now in thine eye so foul. View more context for this quotation 1741 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1914) 14 125 Sister Ann Xaveria Gerard... Render'd y^e H Religⁿ much service in several of y^e chief employments, namely y^t of Portress for many Years. 1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. ii. 97 The porteress appeared immediately upon the ringing of the bell. 1862 J. Skelton Nugæ Criticæ viii. 364 The old porteress, with her rusty keys, will admit you within the deserted church. 1895 F. M. Crawford Casa Braccio iv The portress and another nun came to let him in. 1958 Times 1 Oct. 11/7 Most clubs still have waiters in their smoking-rooms and porters have not yet become porteresses. 1985 ‘E. Peters’ Excellent Myst. (1986) vi. 73 He came to the abbey gatehouse... The portress peered at him through the grille, and asked his business. †2. figurative and in personifications. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vii. 696 (MED) Ground of al, as cheef porteresse, Texile vertu was froward idilnesse. c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) 2615 (MED) Ydelnesse..is the chefe porteresse, Of the entre lady and maistresse. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 4577 (MED) I am my-sylff the porteresse..That noon of hih nor lowh degre Kome no ner with-oute me. 1521 R. Copland in A. Barclay Introd. Frenche f. 16^v In eschewynge of ydlenesse the portresse of vyces. 1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse 48 The Goddesse of eloquence and perswasion was the portresse of his mouth. 1792 S. Rogers Pleasures Mem. ii. 8 Sweet Memory..Thee, in whose hands the keys of Science dwell, The pensive portress of her holy cell. 1820 C. R. Maturin Melmoth II. vii. 125 I approached the door, of which hope and despair seemed to stand the alternate portresses. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † portressn.² Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from French. Etymon: French portice. Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps < Middle French portice back door, postern, gate (recorded in F. Godefroy Dict. de l'ancienne langue française (1880 –1902 ) in an apparently isolated attestation; also pourtis (15th cent.)), with ending perhaps remodelled after fortress n.Middle French portice , pourtis is an alteration (after porte port n.³) of postis (12th cent. in Old French) < classical Latin postīca back door, postern (2nd cent. a.d. in Apuleius), use as noun (short for porta postīca ) of feminine of postīcus postic adj. Obsolete. rare. A gate of a castle or fortified town. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > gate > [noun] portc1330 town gatec1380 city gatec1450 castle-gate1590 portress1638 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 158 The wall..has a dozen Portresses [1665 adds or Gates], of which, foure are shut up. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < n.¹1303n.²1638
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portressn.1

† portressn.2

portressn.¹

† portressn.²