† obfirmv.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin obfirmāre, offirmāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin obfirmāre (also offirmāre) to make firm or steadfast, (reflexive) to persevere in, persist, be obstinate < ob- ob- prefix + firmāre to strengthen (see firm v.). Compare Italian †obfirmare (1373). Compare earlier confirm v., affirm v.

Obsolete.

transitive. To confirm (a person) in an evil course, erroneous opinion, etc.; to make (a person's mind, etc.) stubborn or obstinate.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > make obstinate or stubborn [verb (transitive)]

obstinatea1450

stiffen?a1500

obfirm1570

obfirmate1616

stubborn1820

society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > [verb (transitive)] > be insensible to good influence > make insensible to moral influence

obduratea1540

obfirm1570

obdure1598

obfirmate1616

occrustate1662

society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penitence > impenitence > imbue with impenitence [verb (transitive)]

obfirm1570

obfirmate1616

occrustate1662

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1035/2 An obstinate and a stubburne person, obfirmed [printed obsirmed] in his owne opinion.

1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus iii. 3 In some subiects the will is confirmed and free to nothing but good... In some..the will is obfirmed and hardened in euill.

a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 461 That they..war rather obfirmed in thair opiniones nor [etc.].

1629 H. Burton Babel No Bethel To H. Cholmley sig. ***2^v You haue..obdurated and obfirmed the hearts of Recusants.

1686 H. More Brief Disc. Real Presence 20 To obfirm or harden us in our unbelief of..Transubstantiation.

Derivatives

obfirmed adj. confirmed in evil, hardened, unregenerate; stubborn, obdurate.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > obdurate

hardOE

induratec1425

hardenedc1480

obdureda1500

indured1558

obdurate1590

obfirmed1597

indurated1604

obduratious1672

case-hardened1836

society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > [adjective] > insensible to moral influence

clumseda1340

obduratec1450

obdureda1500

obdure?1590

obfirmed1597

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > sin > [adjective] > very

sin-wooda1325

clumseda1340

obduratec1450

obdureda1500

unreclaimed1591

obfirmed1597

sooty1656

unreconciled1711

1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas xiv. 182 An obstinate, obfirmed minde against the commandement of God.

1637 Bp. J. Hall Remedy Prophanenesse ii. xi. 153 The obfirmed soule will hold out.

1740 Diary A. Brodie 167 So impudent, obstinat and obfirmed that shee would confess nothing.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online September 2019).

单词	obfirm
释义	† obfirmv. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin obfirmāre, offirmāre. Etymology: < classical Latin obfirmāre (also offirmāre) to make firm or steadfast, (reflexive) to persevere in, persist, be obstinate < ob- ob- prefix + firmāre to strengthen (see firm v.). Compare Italian †obfirmare (1373). Compare earlier confirm v., affirm v. Obsolete. transitive. To confirm (a person) in an evil course, erroneous opinion, etc.; to make (a person's mind, etc.) stubborn or obstinate. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > make obstinate or stubborn [verb (transitive)] obstinatea1450 stiffen?a1500 obfirm1570 obfirmate1616 stubborn1820 society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > [verb (transitive)] > be insensible to good influence > make insensible to moral influence obduratea1540 obfirm1570 obdure1598 obfirmate1616 occrustate1662 society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > penitence > impenitence > imbue with impenitence [verb (transitive)] obfirm1570 obfirmate1616 occrustate1662 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1035/2 An obstinate and a stubburne person, obfirmed [printed obsirmed] in his owne opinion. 1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus iii. 3 In some subiects the will is confirmed and free to nothing but good... In some..the will is obfirmed and hardened in euill. a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 461 That they..war rather obfirmed in thair opiniones nor [etc.]. 1629 H. Burton Babel No Bethel To H. Cholmley sig. **2^v You haue..obdurated and obfirmed the hearts of Recusants. 1686 H. More Brief Disc. Real Presence* 20 To obfirm or harden us in our unbelief of..Transubstantiation. Derivatives obfirmed adj. confirmed in evil, hardened, unregenerate; stubborn, obdurate. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > obdurate hardOE induratec1425 hardenedc1480 obdureda1500 indured1558 obdurate1590 obfirmed1597 indurated1604 obduratious1672 case-hardened1836 society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > [adjective] > insensible to moral influence clumseda1340 obduratec1450 obdureda1500 obdure?1590 obfirmed1597 society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > sin > [adjective] > very sin-wooda1325 clumseda1340 obduratec1450 obdureda1500 unreclaimed1591 obfirmed1597 sooty1656 unreconciled1711 1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas xiv. 182 An obstinate, obfirmed minde against the commandement of God. 1637 Bp. J. Hall Remedy Prophanenesse ii. xi. 153 The obfirmed soule will hold out. 1740 Diary A. Brodie 167 So impudent, obstinat and obfirmed that shee would confess nothing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online September 2019). < v.1570
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