Poncan.adj.

Brit.

/ˈpɒŋkə/, U.S.

/ˈpɔŋkə/,

/ˈpɑŋkə/

Inflections: Plural unchanged, Poncas.

Forms: 1800s Poncan, 1800s Poncar, 1800s Poncara, 1800s Poncare, 1800s Poncarear, 1800s Poncrar, 1800s Puncah, 1800s Puncha, 1800s– Ponca, 1800s– Ponka.

Origin: A borrowing from Ponca. Perhaps also a borrowing from French. Or perhaps also a borrowing from Spanish. Etymons: Ponca ppá̧kka, French Ponca, Spanish Ponca.

Etymology: < Ponca ppá̧kka self-designation, perhaps via French Ponca (1786) or Spanish Ponca (1785).

A. n.

1. A member of a North American Indian people, formerly inhabiting areas of southern South Dakota and the north-eastern plains of Nebraska, latterly residing in Oklahoma.In the period before Lewis and Clark's contact with them, the Ponca had gradually migrated westward from Virginia and the Carolinas to Missouri and then Minnesota before settling in Dakota.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > Plains Indian > [noun] > Siouan

Assiniboine1690

Missouri1698

Osage1698

Santee1698

Teton1698

Yankton1698

Sioux1703

Kansa1722

Otoe1760

Omaha1761

Maha1778

Big Belly1785

Mandan1790

Minnetaree1796

Crow1801

Dakota1804

Gros Ventre1804

Kaw1804

Miniconjou1804

Ponca1804

Absaroka1812

Oglala1825

Missourian1833

Lakota1846

Dakotan1871

Hidatsa1873

Siouan1885

1804 W. Clark Notes in Jrnls. of Lewis & Clark Exped. (1986) II. 195 Kansas; Otoes, Parnees, republican: Mahar..; Poncaras, Rickerie.

1804 W. Clark Jrnl. in Jrnls. of Lewis & Clark Exped, (1986) II. 252 He informed us that he saw no Indians on the river below the Poncrars.

1885 Missionary Work of Women's National Indian Assoc. 8 I feel I have the confidence of the Poncas as far as they trust any.

1961 Amer. Heritage Bk. Indians 252/2 The Kansa, relatives of the Osage and the Quapaw, as well as the Omaha and Ponca to their north, were prairie villagers.

2003 Omaha (Nebraska) World-Herald (Nexis) 29 May 1 a The Poncas would have to get approval from the U.S. Department of Interior to convert the land for a casino.

2. The Central Siouan language of this people, one of two mutually intelligible dialects (Ponca and Omaha) that are classified together as a single language within the Dhegiha group of Central Siouan languages.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [noun] > northern Amerindian > Sioux language family > member of

Sioux1703

Dakota1837

Ponca1883

Siouan1885

Omaha1887

1883 Ann. Rep. Board Regents Smithsonian Inst. 1881 921 In Ponka ‘o’ and its compounds are always wanting, but that dialect has the dipthongs, which have not been found in Dakota.

1906 Congrès Internat. des Américanistes 15 ii. 318 The Ponka is in every respect richer in grammatical forms than the Dakota.

1945 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 11 77/1 A comparison between the Θegiha languages (chiefly Ponca and Omaha), and Dakota reveals a great similarity in sound as well as in vocabulary.

1999 M. Mithun Langs Native N. Amer. iii. 121 Ponca, a Siouan language of Oklahoma, contains pa- ‘by pushing’.

B. adj.

1. Of, relating to, or designating the Ponca as a people.

ΚΠ

1805 W. Clark Let. in D. Jackson Lett. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1962) 228 The Mahan and Poncan Nations rove on the heads of this river [sc. the Niobrara].

1825 Treaty Between U.S. of Amer. & Poncar Tribe 9 June 1/1 The Poncar tribe bind themselves to extend protection to the persons and the property of the traders..within the limits of the Poncar district.

1870 G. P. Belden Belden, White Chief 82 The Pawnees..had surprised them, captured some ponies, and killed one Ponca warrior.

1907 Amer. Anthropologist 9 442 Oonumbaha, a member of the Ponca tribe, heard the Thunder gods speak to him as he fasted.

1941 C. L. Zimmerman White Eagle, Chief of Poncas xv. 238 The Ponca school building was destroyed by fire several times but each time rebuilt.

1994 Indian Country Today 29 Dec. a8/1 Chief Standing Bear lead [sic] a group of Ponca Indians from Oklahoma to Nebraska.

2. Of, relating to, or designating the Dhegiha language spoken by the Ponca.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [adjective] > of Sioux language family > of Sioux languages

Sioux1761

Otoe1794

Dakota1809

Lakota1846

Poncac1869

Crow1935

c1869 S. R. Riggs Tah́-Koo Wah-Kań—Gospel among Dakotas 418 Niobrara, in the Ponca language, means ‘swift running water’, as Nebraska, in the Omaha, means the Platte or flat water.

1883 Ann. Rep. Board Regents Smithsonian Inst. 1881 920 The writer has obtained about 20,000 words of the Ponka dialect.

1945 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 11 78 Among the notable irregularities of a type similar to that of Dakota p'a or t'i just noted, ranks the Ponca future suffixs -ta, -te.

1954 Sci. Monthly Apr. 257/2 Skinner transcribed the word hethúshka, which is the Ponca name for the Pawnee Irúska or grass dance, as helocka.

1996 Handbk. N. Amer. Indians XVII. 144/2 Boas and Swanton..list the Ponca definite articles.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ponca
释义	Poncan.adj. Brit. /ˈpɒŋkə/, U.S. /ˈpɔŋkə/, /ˈpɑŋkə/ Inflections: Plural unchanged, Poncas. Forms: 1800s Poncan, 1800s Poncar, 1800s Poncara, 1800s Poncare, 1800s Poncarear, 1800s Poncrar, 1800s Puncah, 1800s Puncha, 1800s– Ponca, 1800s– Ponka. Origin: A borrowing from Ponca. Perhaps also a borrowing from French. Or perhaps also a borrowing from Spanish. Etymons: Ponca ppá̧kka, French Ponca, Spanish Ponca. Etymology: < Ponca ppá̧kka self-designation, perhaps via French Ponca (1786) or Spanish Ponca (1785). A. n. 1. A member of a North American Indian people, formerly inhabiting areas of southern South Dakota and the north-eastern plains of Nebraska, latterly residing in Oklahoma.In the period before Lewis and Clark's contact with them, the Ponca had gradually migrated westward from Virginia and the Carolinas to Missouri and then Minnesota before settling in Dakota. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > Plains Indian > [noun] > Siouan Assiniboine1690 Missouri1698 Osage1698 Santee1698 Teton1698 Yankton1698 Sioux1703 Kansa1722 Otoe1760 Omaha1761 Maha1778 Big Belly1785 Mandan1790 Minnetaree1796 Crow1801 Dakota1804 Gros Ventre1804 Kaw1804 Miniconjou1804 Ponca1804 Absaroka1812 Oglala1825 Missourian1833 Lakota1846 Dakotan1871 Hidatsa1873 Siouan1885 1804 W. Clark Notes in Jrnls. of Lewis & Clark Exped. (1986) II. 195 Kansas; Otoes, Parnees, republican: Mahar..; Poncaras, Rickerie. 1804 W. Clark Jrnl. in Jrnls. of Lewis & Clark Exped, (1986) II. 252 He informed us that he saw no Indians on the river below the Poncrars. 1885 Missionary Work of Women's National Indian Assoc. 8 I feel I have the confidence of the Poncas as far as they trust any. 1961 Amer. Heritage Bk. Indians 252/2 The Kansa, relatives of the Osage and the Quapaw, as well as the Omaha and Ponca to their north, were prairie villagers. 2003 Omaha (Nebraska) World-Herald (Nexis) 29 May 1 a The Poncas would have to get approval from the U.S. Department of Interior to convert the land for a casino. 2. The Central Siouan language of this people, one of two mutually intelligible dialects (Ponca and Omaha) that are classified together as a single language within the Dhegiha group of Central Siouan languages. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [noun] > northern Amerindian > Sioux language family > member of Sioux1703 Dakota1837 Ponca1883 Siouan1885 Omaha1887 1883 Ann. Rep. Board Regents Smithsonian Inst. 1881 921 In Ponka ‘o’ and its compounds are always wanting, but that dialect has the dipthongs, which have not been found in Dakota. 1906 Congrès Internat. des Américanistes 15 ii. 318 The Ponka is in every respect richer in grammatical forms than the Dakota. 1945 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 11 77/1 A comparison between the Θegiha languages (chiefly Ponca and Omaha), and Dakota reveals a great similarity in sound as well as in vocabulary. 1999 M. Mithun Langs Native N. Amer. iii. 121 Ponca, a Siouan language of Oklahoma, contains pa- ‘by pushing’. B. adj. 1. Of, relating to, or designating the Ponca as a people. ΚΠ 1805 W. Clark Let. in D. Jackson Lett. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1962) 228 The Mahan and Poncan Nations rove on the heads of this river [sc. the Niobrara]. 1825 Treaty Between U.S. of Amer. & Poncar Tribe 9 June 1/1 The Poncar tribe bind themselves to extend protection to the persons and the property of the traders..within the limits of the Poncar district. 1870 G. P. Belden Belden, White Chief 82 The Pawnees..had surprised them, captured some ponies, and killed one Ponca warrior. 1907 Amer. Anthropologist 9 442 Oonumbaha, a member of the Ponca tribe, heard the Thunder gods speak to him as he fasted. 1941 C. L. Zimmerman White Eagle, Chief of Poncas xv. 238 The Ponca school building was destroyed by fire several times but each time rebuilt. 1994 Indian Country Today 29 Dec. a8/1 Chief Standing Bear lead [sic] a group of Ponca Indians from Oklahoma to Nebraska. 2. Of, relating to, or designating the Dhegiha language spoken by the Ponca. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [adjective] > of Sioux language family > of Sioux languages Sioux1761 Otoe1794 Dakota1809 Lakota1846 Poncac1869 Crow1935 c1869 S. R. Riggs Tah́-Koo Wah-Kań—Gospel among Dakotas 418 Niobrara, in the Ponca language, means ‘swift running water’, as Nebraska, in the Omaha, means the Platte or flat water. 1883 Ann. Rep. Board Regents Smithsonian Inst. 1881 920 The writer has obtained about 20,000 words of the Ponka dialect. 1945 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 11 78 Among the notable irregularities of a type similar to that of Dakota p'a or t'i just noted, ranks the Ponca future suffixs -ta, -te. 1954 Sci. Monthly Apr. 257/2 Skinner transcribed the word hethúshka, which is the Ponca name for the Pawnee Irúska or grass dance, as helocka. 1996 Handbk. N. Amer. Indians XVII. 144/2 Boas and Swanton..list the Ponca definite articles. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1804
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