polygonn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈpɒlᵻɡ(ə)n/,

/ˈpɒlᵻɡɒn/, U.S.

/ˈpɑliˌɡɑn/

Forms:

α. 1500s poligonon, 1500s pollygonium, 1500s polygona (plural), 1500s polygonum.

β. 1600s–1700s poligon, 1600s–1700s polygone, 1600s– polygon.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin polygonum, polygōnos.

Etymology: As noun < post-classical Latin polygonum (3rd cent.) < ancient Greek πολύγωνον , use as noun of neuter of πολύγωνος (adjective) polygonal < πολυ- poly- comb. form + -γωνος ( < the stem of γωνία angle: see -gon comb. form). As adjective < classical Latin polygōnos polygonal (Vitruvius) < ancient Greek πολύγωνος (see above). Compare Middle French, French polygone, †poligone (1520 as adjective and noun), Italian poligono, noun (mid 15th cent.).In α. forms after the Greek and Latin forms. In use with reference to fortifications (see sense A. 2a) after French poligone (1615 in this sense in the source translated in quot. 1638). With sense A. 2b compare slightly earlier polygonboden n.

A. n.

1. Geometry.

a. A plane figure with many (usually more than four) straight sides and the same number of angles.frequency, Steinerian, Thiessen polygon: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [noun] > polygon

polygon?a1560

multangle1590

polyangle1612

polygonial1702

multangular1766

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > polygon

polygon?a1560

multangle1590

polyangle1612

totangle1629

totilater1629

polygram1696

polygonial1702

multangular1766

polygon of forces1820

polygon of velocities1882

Thiessen polygon1973

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. Defs. sig. B iij^v Polygona, are such Figures as haue moe than foure sides.

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) ii. xx. sig. O iv To diuide the superficies of any irregular Pollygonium.

1662 T. Stanley Hist. Chaldaick Philos. i. 43 The Aspect from the sixth place is wholly inefficacious, for the line there makes not a side of any Polygone.

1670 S. Gott Divine Hist. Genesis World x. 341 Every one most Regular in its kind, as I have observed of Mathematical Figures, that is, the Circle, and all Regular Polygons.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. iii. 144 Rulers, to draw streight, or Perpendicular Lines, Triangles, Squares and Poligons.

1725 F. Hutcheson Inq. Orig. Ideas Beauty & Virtue 69 Were ever Trapeziums, irregular Polygones or Curves chosen for the Forms of Doors or Windows?

1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty iv. 22 Instead of..circular bases, polygons of different but even numbers of sides, have been substituted.

1793 T. Malton New Royal Road Geom. i. 15 Ordinate or regular Poligons are such as have all their Sides and Angles equal.

1847 A. C. Smeaton Builder's Pocket Man. (new ed.) 172 To find the area of irregular polygons, or many-sided figures.

1881 R. Routledge Pop. Hist. Sci. ii. 37 The circle is..said to be the limit of the inscribed polygon.

1972 M. Kline Math. Thought xxxvi. 870 Gauss invented the method of least squares and at nineteen he showed that the 17-sided regular polygon is constructible.

1987 A. Nickon & E. F. Silversmith Org. Chem.: Name Game vi. 88 A regular prism is a solid whose ends are parallel, regular polygons, and whose sides are rectangles.

b. Mechanics polygon of forces n. a polygonal figure for obtaining the resultant of a number of forces acting at a point, each force being represented in magnitude and direction by one of the sides of the figure, the side which completes the polygon then representing the resultant force; the method of finding a resultant by this means; (figurative) a number of opposing and balancing forces or influences. Cf. parallelogram of forces n. at parallelogram n. 1b, triangle of forces at triangle n. 1a.A similar polygon can be used to calculate the resultant of any set of vector quantities, such as velocities ( polygon of velocities).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > polygon

polygon?a1560

multangle1590

polyangle1612

totangle1629

totilater1629

polygram1696

polygonial1702

multangular1766

polygon of forces1820

polygon of velocities1882

Thiessen polygon1973

1820 T. Tredgold Elem. Princ. Carpentry i. 11 The figure BadC is called the polygon of forces, and the number of its sides will always be one more than the number of the forces.

1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 957/2 Polygon of forces, a theorem, the discovery of which is attributed to Leibnitz.

1882 G. M. Minchin Uniplanar Kinematics 1 Linear velocities follow the same laws of composition and resolution as Forces in Statics; and with these (such as the parallelogram and polygon of velocities) the student is assumed to be already familiar.

1910 H. E. Hurst & R. T. Lattey Text-bk. Physics iv. 55 The first condition is satisfied if the resultant of the forces, considered as all acting at the same point, vanishes, i.e., if the polygon of forces..is a closed polygon.

1956 W. Merchant & A. Bolton Introd. Theory Structures i. 2 There is a construction known as the triangle of forces for three forces acting at a point which are in equilibrium, and a similar one known as the polygon of forces for the more general case of any number of forces acting at a point.

1966 Punch 5 Jan. 28/2 There is a risk that Patrick Wymark's force of personality may become the series' main asset, instead of a single point in a polygon of forces: people are agreeing with Sir John rather easily.

1983 A. J. Sadler & D. W. S. Thorning Understanding Mech. v. 71 When more than three forces act upon a particle and a state of equilibrium exists,..a polygon of forces can be drawn.

†c. Mathematics. A polygonal number; (also) a figurate number of higher order. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > produced in a certain way > figurate or polygonal

corporal number1594

figurate numbers1666

polygonal1717

figurate1796

polygon1842

1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 450/2 Figurate Numbers,..first sums, or polygons of the first order. Tri. 1, 3, 6, 10. Sq. 1, 4, 9, 16. Pent. 1, 5, 12, 22. Hex. 1, 6, 15, 28. Second sums, or polygons of the second order. 1, 4, 10, 20. 1, 5, 14, 30. 1, 6, 18, 40. 1, 7, 22, 50.

a. A material object having the form of a polygon.exterior, funicular polygon: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [noun] > polygon > object in shape of

polygon1638

polygonal1738

1638 H. Hexam tr. S. Marolois & A. Girard Art of Fortification 3 Proceede on to a Dodecagone, a fortresse with twelue angles, or Bulwarks, makeing upon every Polygone, 3 or 4 Trialls, that afterwards one may choose the best of them.

1669 P. Staynred Compend. Fortification 1, in S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. The Semidiameter of the Outward Polygon.

1711 J. T. Desaguliers tr. J. Ozanam Treat. Fortification 7 'Tis always so much fire got, whose obliqueness is the less, the more sides there are in the Polygon.

1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 318 Very seldom in pellucid needles, tables, or polygons.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 608 Four large vessels which here form the remarkable anastomosis known as the circle, or polygon, of Willis.

1918 F. M. A. Kimball & G. H. Edgell Hist. Archit. (ed. 2) vi. 177 Squinches were commonest, sometimes merely of flat stones laid across the angles of the square, reducing it to a polygon.

1992 Rev. Eng. Stud. 43 267 The vast emptiness of the lofty stone Victorian Exchange building dwarfed the small polygon in which the audience were confined.

b. Physical Geography. One of the approximately polygonal figures characteristic of patterned ground.soil, stone polygon: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > [noun] > types of terrain > polygonal figures

polygonboden1902

polygon1913

soil polygon1927

1913 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 186 459 The shale surfaces are flat, the polygons not being concave upward as is commonly the case in the Mauch Chunk and Newark shales.

1921 Geogr. Jrnl. 58 308 The spare gravel that remains on the clay substratum has taken upon itself the same system of polygons..which we see in Polar lands.

1960 B. W. Sparks Geomorphol. xiv. 318 Boulders weighing..over one hundredweight..have been observed in some Greenland polygons.

2002 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 114 718/2 The internal stratigraphy of Granite drift is related to the formation of surface polygons and surrounding troughs.

c. Computing. A simple shape (often with three or four sides) used as the unit from which images are built up on the screen.

ΚΠ

1971 H. Gouraud Computer Display of Curved Surfaces (Unpublished dissertation, Univ. of Utah) p. xi. This..method..uses a small polygon approximation of the surface to solve efficiently the hidden parts detection, and then computes the shading on each polygon in such a way that visual discontinuities between adjacent polygons disappear.

1985 PC Week (Nexis) 6 Aug. 58 A polygon is an enclosed shape defined by arcs (boundaries), nodes (intersections with other objects) and a centroid (the central reference point for the polygon).

1994 NewMedia Aug. 44/2 The more polygons in an object, the smoother it looks.

2003 3D World June 11/4 Modelling functions benefit from automatic symmetrising of polygons.

†B. adj.

Having many sides or angles; polygonal. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [adjective] > polygonal

polygon1570

multangular1606

multilateral1606

multangled1611

polygonal1653

multangulous1660

polygonous1660

polyangular1675

polygonial1701

polygonar1715

polygonic1792

multi-angular1842

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > two-dimensional > polygonal

polygon1570

multangular1606

multilateral1606

multangled1611

quinquangled1636

multangulous1660

polygonous1660

polyangular1675

polygonar1715

polygonal1757

polygonic1792

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > three-dimensional > with particular section or base > polygonal

polygonal1653

polygonial1701

polygonar1715

polygonous1728

polygon1762

polygonic1792

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. iv. f. 124^v A Poligonon figure is a figure consisting of many sides.

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes iv. xvi. 581 At Surat there is a Tanke for water of free-stone, in a polygon forme, of aboue an hundred sides.

1689 J. Chetham Angler's Vade Mecum (ed. 2) vii. 77 The best Rivers to Angle in, are..such as have many Polygone windings and turnings.

1762 Philos. Trans. 1761 (Royal Soc.) 52 103 The rocks..rise into polygon pillars.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 182 The surface of the causeway exhibiting to view a regular and compact pavement of polygon stones.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	polygon
释义	polygonn.adj. Brit. /ˈpɒlᵻɡ(ə)n/, /ˈpɒlᵻɡɒn/, U.S. /ˈpɑliˌɡɑn/ Forms: α. 1500s poligonon, 1500s pollygonium, 1500s polygona (plural), 1500s polygonum. β. 1600s–1700s poligon, 1600s–1700s polygone, 1600s– polygon. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin polygonum, polygōnos. Etymology: As noun < post-classical Latin polygonum (3rd cent.) < ancient Greek πολύγωνον , use as noun of neuter of πολύγωνος (adjective) polygonal < πολυ- poly- comb. form + -γωνος ( < the stem of γωνία angle: see -gon comb. form). As adjective < classical Latin polygōnos polygonal (Vitruvius) < ancient Greek πολύγωνος (see above). Compare Middle French, French polygone, †poligone (1520 as adjective and noun), Italian poligono, noun (mid 15th cent.).In α. forms after the Greek and Latin forms. In use with reference to fortifications (see sense A. 2a) after French poligone (1615 in this sense in the source translated in quot. 1638). With sense A. 2b compare slightly earlier polygonboden n. A. n. 1. Geometry. a. A plane figure with many (usually more than four) straight sides and the same number of angles.frequency, Steinerian, Thiessen polygon: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [noun] > polygon polygon?a1560 multangle1590 polyangle1612 polygonial1702 multangular1766 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > polygon polygon?a1560 multangle1590 polyangle1612 totangle1629 totilater1629 polygram1696 polygonial1702 multangular1766 polygon of forces1820 polygon of velocities1882 Thiessen polygon1973 ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. Defs. sig. B iij^v Polygona, are such Figures as haue moe than foure sides. ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) ii. xx. sig. O iv To diuide the superficies of any irregular Pollygonium. 1662 T. Stanley Hist. Chaldaick Philos. i. 43 The Aspect from the sixth place is wholly inefficacious, for the line there makes not a side of any Polygone. 1670 S. Gott Divine Hist. Genesis World x. 341 Every one most Regular in its kind, as I have observed of Mathematical Figures, that is, the Circle, and all Regular Polygons. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. iii. 144 Rulers, to draw streight, or Perpendicular Lines, Triangles, Squares and Poligons. 1725 F. Hutcheson Inq. Orig. Ideas Beauty & Virtue 69 Were ever Trapeziums, irregular Polygones or Curves chosen for the Forms of Doors or Windows? 1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty iv. 22 Instead of..circular bases, polygons of different but even numbers of sides, have been substituted. 1793 T. Malton New Royal Road Geom. i. 15 Ordinate or regular Poligons are such as have all their Sides and Angles equal. 1847 A. C. Smeaton Builder's Pocket Man. (new ed.) 172 To find the area of irregular polygons, or many-sided figures. 1881 R. Routledge Pop. Hist. Sci. ii. 37 The circle is..said to be the limit of the inscribed polygon. 1972 M. Kline Math. Thought xxxvi. 870 Gauss invented the method of least squares and at nineteen he showed that the 17-sided regular polygon is constructible. 1987 A. Nickon & E. F. Silversmith Org. Chem.: Name Game vi. 88 A regular prism is a solid whose ends are parallel, regular polygons, and whose sides are rectangles. b. Mechanics polygon of forces n. a polygonal figure for obtaining the resultant of a number of forces acting at a point, each force being represented in magnitude and direction by one of the sides of the figure, the side which completes the polygon then representing the resultant force; the method of finding a resultant by this means; (figurative) a number of opposing and balancing forces or influences. Cf. parallelogram of forces n. at parallelogram n. 1b, triangle of forces at triangle n. 1a.A similar polygon can be used to calculate the resultant of any set of vector quantities, such as velocities ( polygon of velocities). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > polygon polygon?a1560 multangle1590 polyangle1612 totangle1629 totilater1629 polygram1696 polygonial1702 multangular1766 polygon of forces1820 polygon of velocities1882 Thiessen polygon1973 1820 T. Tredgold Elem. Princ. Carpentry i. 11 The figure BadC is called the polygon of forces, and the number of its sides will always be one more than the number of the forces. 1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 957/2 Polygon of forces, a theorem, the discovery of which is attributed to Leibnitz. 1882 G. M. Minchin Uniplanar Kinematics 1 Linear velocities follow the same laws of composition and resolution as Forces in Statics; and with these (such as the parallelogram and polygon of velocities) the student is assumed to be already familiar. 1910 H. E. Hurst & R. T. Lattey Text-bk. Physics iv. 55 The first condition is satisfied if the resultant of the forces, considered as all acting at the same point, vanishes, i.e., if the polygon of forces..is a closed polygon. 1956 W. Merchant & A. Bolton Introd. Theory Structures i. 2 There is a construction known as the triangle of forces for three forces acting at a point which are in equilibrium, and a similar one known as the polygon of forces for the more general case of any number of forces acting at a point. 1966 Punch 5 Jan. 28/2 There is a risk that Patrick Wymark's force of personality may become the series' main asset, instead of a single point in a polygon of forces: people are agreeing with Sir John rather easily. 1983 A. J. Sadler & D. W. S. Thorning Understanding Mech. v. 71 When more than three forces act upon a particle and a state of equilibrium exists,..a polygon of forces can be drawn. †c. Mathematics. A polygonal number; (also) a figurate number of higher order. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > produced in a certain way > figurate or polygonal corporal number1594 figurate numbers1666 polygonal1717 figurate1796 polygon1842 1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 450/2 Figurate Numbers,..first sums, or polygons of the first order. Tri. 1, 3, 6, 10. Sq. 1, 4, 9, 16. Pent. 1, 5, 12, 22. Hex. 1, 6, 15, 28. Second sums, or polygons of the second order. 1, 4, 10, 20. 1, 5, 14, 30. 1, 6, 18, 40. 1, 7, 22, 50. 2. a. A material object having the form of a polygon.exterior, funicular polygon: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [noun] > polygon > object in shape of polygon1638 polygonal1738 1638 H. Hexam tr. S. Marolois & A. Girard Art of Fortification 3 Proceede on to a Dodecagone, a fortresse with twelue angles, or Bulwarks, makeing upon every Polygone, 3 or 4 Trialls, that afterwards one may choose the best of them. 1669 P. Staynred Compend. Fortification 1, in S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. The Semidiameter of the Outward Polygon. 1711 J. T. Desaguliers tr. J. Ozanam Treat. Fortification 7 'Tis always so much fire got, whose obliqueness is the less, the more sides there are in the Polygon. 1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 318 Very seldom in pellucid needles, tables, or polygons. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 608 Four large vessels which here form the remarkable anastomosis known as the circle, or polygon, of Willis. 1918 F. M. A. Kimball & G. H. Edgell Hist. Archit. (ed. 2) vi. 177 Squinches were commonest, sometimes merely of flat stones laid across the angles of the square, reducing it to a polygon. 1992 Rev. Eng. Stud. 43 267 The vast emptiness of the lofty stone Victorian Exchange building dwarfed the small polygon in which the audience were confined. b. Physical Geography. One of the approximately polygonal figures characteristic of patterned ground.soil, stone polygon: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > [noun] > types of terrain > polygonal figures polygonboden1902 polygon1913 soil polygon1927 1913 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 186 459 The shale surfaces are flat, the polygons not being concave upward as is commonly the case in the Mauch Chunk and Newark shales. 1921 Geogr. Jrnl. 58 308 The spare gravel that remains on the clay substratum has taken upon itself the same system of polygons..which we see in Polar lands. 1960 B. W. Sparks Geomorphol. xiv. 318 Boulders weighing..over one hundredweight..have been observed in some Greenland polygons. 2002 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 114 718/2 The internal stratigraphy of Granite drift is related to the formation of surface polygons and surrounding troughs. c. Computing. A simple shape (often with three or four sides) used as the unit from which images are built up on the screen. ΚΠ 1971 H. Gouraud Computer Display of Curved Surfaces (Unpublished dissertation, Univ. of Utah) p. xi. This..method..uses a small polygon approximation of the surface to solve efficiently the hidden parts detection, and then computes the shading on each polygon in such a way that visual discontinuities between adjacent polygons disappear. 1985 PC Week (Nexis) 6 Aug. 58 A polygon is an enclosed shape defined by arcs (boundaries), nodes (intersections with other objects) and a centroid (the central reference point for the polygon). 1994 NewMedia Aug. 44/2 The more polygons in an object, the smoother it looks. 2003 3D World June 11/4 Modelling functions benefit from automatic symmetrising of polygons. †B. adj. Having many sides or angles; polygonal. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > angularity > specific angular shape > [adjective] > polygonal polygon1570 multangular1606 multilateral1606 multangled1611 polygonal1653 multangulous1660 polygonous1660 polyangular1675 polygonial1701 polygonar1715 polygonic1792 multi-angular1842 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > two-dimensional > polygonal polygon1570 multangular1606 multilateral1606 multangled1611 quinquangled1636 multangulous1660 polygonous1660 polyangular1675 polygonar1715 polygonal1757 polygonic1792 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > three-dimensional > with particular section or base > polygonal polygonal1653 polygonial1701 polygonar1715 polygonous1728 polygon1762 polygonic1792 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. iv. f. 124^v A Poligonon figure is a figure consisting of many sides. 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes iv. xvi. 581 At Surat there is a Tanke for water of free-stone, in a polygon forme, of aboue an hundred sides. 1689 J. Chetham Angler's Vade Mecum (ed. 2) vii. 77 The best Rivers to Angle in, are..such as have many Polygone windings and turnings. 1762 Philos. Trans. 1761 (Royal Soc.) 52 103 The rocks..rise into polygon pillars. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 182 The surface of the causeway exhibiting to view a regular and compact pavement of polygon stones. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.?a1560
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