| 释义 |
polln.1 Origin: Probably either (i) a word inherited from Germanic. Or (ii) a borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch pol. Etymology: Probably either cognate with or borrowed < Middle Dutch pol top, summit (early modern Dutch pol, polle top, summit, crown of the head, top (of a tree); Dutch pol, now only in sense ‘tuft (of grass)’), which is cognate with Middle Low German pol top (of a tree, plant) (German regional (Low German) polle head ( Bremisches Wörterbuch (1767); apparently not found in other dictionaries of Low German)), and perhaps also with Swedish regional pull, Danish puld, both in sense ‘crown of a hat’; further etymology uncertain.Earlier currency of the word is perhaps implied by surnames, e.g. Willelmus Polle (1193), Brianus Polle (1230), Robert Polle (1266), and by the place name Polle (1254; now Pauls Farm, Kent (apparently representing a transferred use denoting a mound or hillock; the present form of the place name apparently shows confusion with the male forename Paul : see Paul's n.)). Earlier currency is perhaps also implied by Old English pol-lup , an obscure word apparently denoting some kind of penal instrument of restraint (one isolated attestation in a manuscript from the third quarter of the 11th cent.; perhaps < poll n.1 + a second element of uncertain origin, perhaps compare loop n.1 or lop n.3):OE Handbk. for Use of Confessor (Junius) in Anglia (1965) 83 27 Mistlice ðreala gebyriað for synnum: bendas oððe dyntas oððe pol lupas oððe carcern, ðystra, lobban oððe balcan. I. Senses relating to the head of a person or animal. 1. the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > [noun] α. c1300 St. Michael (Laud) 325 in C. Horstmann (1887) 309 Þe deuel..wolde fain henten heom bi þe polle. a1325 St. Margarete (Corpus Cambr.) 177 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill (1956) 297 (MED) He[o] nom him bi is luþer pol and harde him to gronde caste. c1400 (?c1380) (1920) 1265 Pulden prestes bi þe polle. 1450 in A. Clark (1914) 43 (MED) Item, j nother blak gowne furred with Matrons [sc. pine martens'] pollys. 1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hippolytus v, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca f. 73v Receiue thou heere of mee The parings of my Poll and Locks cut off from forehead torne. 1603 W. Shakespeare iv. v. 194 His beard as white as snowe: All flaxen was his pole. 1713 Countess of Winchilsea 105 With wadling Steps, and frowzy Poles. 1853 W. M. Thackeray (1854) I. vi. 61 His bald head might presently be seen alongside of Mr. Quilter's confidential grey poll. 1883 R. L. Stevenson vi. 46 The doctor..had taken off his powdered wig,..looking very strange indeed with his own close-cropped, black poll. 1913 D. H. Lawrence i. 15 The child—cropped like a sheep, with such an odd round poll. 1932 W. Lewis i. v. 24 When..the last turban has left the last shaven poll. 1989 T. Tryon i. ii. 18 His chunky features, furrowed brow, and poll of kinky black hair. the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > top of head > [noun] the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > number assembled a1325 St. Peter (Corpus Cambr.) 137 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill (1956) 251 (MED) A croune hi ssere him upe þe pol as hi wolde a fol do. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) Dan. xiv. 5 The angel of the Lord toke hym in the poll of hym [a1425 L.V. bi his top; L. in vertice eius], and bare hym in an her of his hed. c1400 (Bodl.) 98 Þei weten here fet of here soules..and monie þe pol of here hed, þat is þe ouer part of þer soules. a1475 (a1450) (Harl.) (1930) 61 (MED) Þay set on þer nollys, For to kepe þer pollys, Gode blake bollys. 1607 E. Topsell 359 Of diseases incident to the eares, and poll of the head. 1622 W. Yonge 12 July (1848) 62 The said fish [sc. a pilot whale] had no gills, but put out his water at his pole. 1724 in H. Paton (1933) II. 3 Touching the pow with his hand the head did not come exactly and freely from the bone. 1789 C. Vallancey Vocab. Lang. Forth & Bargie in 2 Antiquities 32 Poul, the crown of the head. 1799 T. R. Malthus 18 July (1966) 164 A black handkerchief..bound tight round over the forehead & under the pole. 1885 May 32/1 He is..in color a rich orange-tawny and brindle, having the white muzzle, white blaze-up poll, white collar, [etc.]. 1885 C. Swainson 154 Wigeon (Mareca penelope)..Golden head, or Yellow poll. The male is so called on the east coast of Ireland. 1955 F. G. Ashbrook vi. 95 Start skinning at the head, cutting back of the poll. 1975 E. Baird vii. 52 (caption) The horse..is resisting by tilting his poll or the top of his head. 1991 D. Purcell (1992) i. 28 He knuckled Conor hard, right on the poll of the boy's head. 2002 Mar. 79/1 A commercial rope-and-pulley device that fits under the horse's upper lip and over his poll. the world > life > the body > external parts of body > neck > [noun] > back of neck a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 299v The bole..is a prowde beste..and his moste strengþe is in þe nekke, in þe hornes, and in þe polle [L. ceruice]. c1400 (Trin. Cambr.) (1909) 14 (MED) Moun haterel oue les temples..Myn pol wt þyse templez. ?a1500 in G. Henslow (1899) 68 (MED) Ad collum scabiosum. Take egrimoyne and meng þat herbe with boter, and a[n]vnte þy pol þer-with. 1603–4 c. 22 §23 Any parte of any Hide..called the Wombes, Neckes, Shanke, Flanke, Powle, or Cheeke. 1671 J. Blagrave 120 I did..apply raw-fresh meat to the powl or Neck to help..divert the humour from the Eyes. 1675 T. Hobbes tr. Homer xxii. 260 The Arrow pierc'd his neck from throat to poll. 1711 R. Steele No. 259. ⁋1 You shall sometimes see a Man begin the Offer of a Salutation, and..stop short in the Pole of his Neck. 1770 P. Gilchrist 26 Comb the hair..and tie it close to the head in the poll of the neck. 1816 47 302 An old hare..having a wire round its neck so tight as to have sunk beneath the skin in its pole. 1878 T. Hardy II. iii. i. 79 A bleeding about the poll on Sunday afternoons was amply accounted for by the explanation, ‘I have had my hair cut, you know’. a1903 W. M. E. Fowler in IV. 572/2 [Hampshire] Stoats don't eat rabbits, they only suck they blood from t'back o' they poles. 1982 in 385/1 I lost my grip on the fox's poll and I told Esau for to hold [his tail]. 2. the world > people > person > [noun] > individual person the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > [adverb] > one by one the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > individual [phrase] > individually or separately > per person > by counting of heads a1350 in R. H. Robbins (1959) 27 Of..harlotes, hors-knaues, bi pate & by polle. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 33 Payde to here lordes for every pol [?a1475 anon. transl. man; L. capite] twenty [dragmes of selver]. c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) 3070 (MED) Þus many deed þat day..Of pollis out of Persye..Thre hundred Mille thra men. 1495 c. 21 §2 None of the said petite Jury..shall..have any Chalenge to tharray or to any persone or poll therin being ympanelled. ?1518 sig. B.ijv Ye shall here the names poll by poll. 1569 R. Grafton II. 329 (margin) The people greatly murmured for the payment of foure pence the polle. 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus xiii. vii. 188 There was bestowed a gift of fortie sesterces by powle to the people. 1624 J. Smith 167 Some small tax..as a Penny vpon euery Poll, called a head-penny. 1641 (new ed.) f. 51 Challenge to or by the Poll, is where exception is taken to any one, or more, as not indifferent. 1662 in Jan. (1884) 39 (Act of Assembly, Maryland) That every householder and freeman..should take up ten shillings per poll..for every taxable under their charge and custody. 1678 A. Wood (1892) II. 401 An act for raising money by the poll. 1729 G. Jacob Censure, all persons..are cited to swear Fealty to the Lord, and to pay iid. per poll. 1799 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre (ed. 2) III. 516 Voting by poll..and by orders. 1856 R. W. Emerson v. 103 Though not military, yet every common subject by the poll is fit to make a soldier of. 1923 K. Behrens ii. 13 Their right to the forty pounds of tobacco per poll. 1950 J. E. Neale v. 117 Almer's supporters called for trial by the poll. 1993 J. Leamon vii. 189 Back taxes per poll, or adult male, unpaid by 1786 averaged £4.3.10. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > [noun] > unit in numbering animals 1494 in F. W. Weaver (1901) 322 A dosyn pollys of pewter vessell. 1534 in F. W. Weaver (1890) 30 iij powles of peauter vessell. 1544 R. Broker (B.M. Addit. MS. 24925 f. 21v) Twenty poule of pultrey. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. iii. 172 The muster file, rotten and sound,..amounts not to fifteene thousand pole . View more context for this quotation 3. the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > [noun] α. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 279 Jon Þe Baliol, no witte was in þi pol. c1425 (c1400) 5530 (MED) Thei stroke to-gedir with so gret myght, That bothe vpon here pol lyght. c1475 (c1399) (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) ii. 163 (MED) Bated he boldeliche as..To plewme on his pray þe pol fro þe nekk. a1500 (a1460) (1897–1973) 108 (MED) Haue good ayll of hely..ffor and thou drynk drely in thy poll wyll it synk. 1565 T. Peend 102 Syr Vulcane, with his drousie poll. 1600 W. Shakespeare ii. iv. 261 Looke where the witherd elder hath not his poule clawd like a parrot. View more context for this quotation 1608 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Ivdith vi. 91 in J. Sylvester (new ed.) From his shoulders flew his powle. 1678 R. Hooke 14 Feb. (1935) 344 With Sir R. Redding at Jonathans—caught cold in my pole. 1712 (single sheet) l. 16 Cursed Noll, Whose most inglorious, and as empty Poll. 1795 ‘P. Pindar’ i. 3 The Ladies vrom the windors all Pok'd vorth their powls, both gert and small. 1820 L. Hunt 8 Mar. 172 Receiving the full summer showers with an uncovered poll. 1828 W. Carr (ed. 2) Powl, the head. 1842 F. Marryat I. iv. 44 The boy..rubbed his poll, and whined. 1922 J. Joyce ii. xii. [Cyclops] 290 Bob Doran, with the hat on the back of his poll, lowest blackguard in Dublin when he's under the influence. 1956 P. O'Brian i. 17 A man from Dungannon..had the wig snatched from his poll in the hurly-burly. 1992 T. Enright tr. S. O'Crohan (1993) 35 The rain pelting down on your poll from morning to night. the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > [noun] 1568 R. Henryson in W. T. Ritchie (1928) II. 142 (title) The thre deid pollis. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie (1895) II. 122 Andro Bartayne..slew sa mony piratis, that mony puncheounis full of thair powis he sent to Scotland, in gifte, to the king. 1721 A. Ramsay viii He..strak sounds fast and clear Out o' the pow [a mare's skull]. 1725 A. Ramsay ii. ii. 23 Boils up their Livers in a Warlock's Pow. 1996 C. I. Macafee 258/1 Poll, a skull. the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > cuts or parts of fish 1526 Roll of Provisions in S. Pegge (1780) 174 Item, a Great Sturgeon Poil. 1530 Roll of Provisions in S. Pegge (1780) 169 Item, 2 Poils of Sturgeon, 0 12 4. 1600 B. Jonson iv. iii. sig. Miiv He looks like a Chine of Brawne..or a drie Poule of Ling vpon Easter-eue, that has furnisht the Table all Lent. View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Crowne iii. 33 I was to go buy a pole o' Ling for the womens dinner. 1701 42 Ling is a long Fish, and eats indifferently well boyl'd..chuse the thickest in the Poll and the Flesh of brightest yellow. 1733 S. Harrison iv. 12 Pole of Ling, serv'd with Butter and Mustard. 1814 W. Scott I. xx. 212 (note) James's own proposed banquet for the Devil, was a loin of pork and a poll of ling, with a pipe of tobacco for digestion. 1892 W. Besant viii. 423 Herrings were bought nearly every week, and sometimes ling—‘a pole of ling’. 1930 E. Easton 63 If he were to invite the Devil to dinner, he would give him..a poll of ling and mustard. II. Extended uses. 5. the world > space > shape > bluntness > [noun] > blunt part or side 1603 G. Owen (1892) 91 Pickaxes with a rounde poll. 1778 W. Pryce iv. i. 231 He found the poll of a pickaxe wholly encrusted with a case of malleable Copper. 1839 A. Ure 835 The pick... One side used as a hammer is called the poll, and is employed to drive in the gads. 1864 St. Andrews Gaz. 10 Dec. in (at cited word) This was probably done by the ‘pow’ of an axe, or some like instrument. 1881 9 164 Poll [in Cornwall], the head or striking part of a miner's hammer. 1929 H. C. Mercer (1960) 4 [On] old farm axes the bit always outweighed the poll. 1987 M. Kochanski (1988) ii. 76 The longer the bit, or the lighter the poll, the more throw is required. the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > parts of headgear > [noun] > top 1704 J. Pitts vii. 67 Somewhat like the Pole of a Man's Hat-case covered with Broad-cloth. 1819 Chron. in 7/2 Surmounted by the poll of an old hat without a brim. 1875 R. F. Burton (1876) II. 116 From the poll of his night-cap protruded a dozen bristles of elephant's tail hair. the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > cyprinus cephalus (chub) 1755 S. Johnson Poll, a fish called generally a chub. A chevin. 1773 (new ed.) I. (at cited word) A poll (club [sic] fish), capito_[1736–61 Pollard, or chub fish, capito]. III. In senses derived from sense 2, apparently influenced by poll v. IV.†7. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of a certain number a1613 T. Overbury (1626) 6 The List and the Poll are neuer farre disagreeing. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. i. 137 We are the greater pole, and in true feare They gaue vs our demands. View more context for this quotation the world > relative properties > number > enumeration, reckoning, or calculation > [noun] > counting people 1659 J. Harrington ii. ii. 13 As appears by the poll made of Israel in the wildernesse of Sinai. 1673 H. Hickman 436 He is..afraid to come either to the pole, or to the scale; either to weigh, or to number authorities with us. 1697 J. Potter I. i. ii. 8 He instituted a Poll, causing every one of the Men to cast a Stone into a Place appointed.., and..found them to be in number Twenty-Thousand. 8. the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > taking of votes > counting of votes society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [noun] > counting votes 1625 in S. R. Gardiner (1873) 36 Sir John Savill had sufficiently proved the pole demanded. 1653 10 The Question being put, the No's,..had they been prosecuted to the pole, had hazarded the passing of it. 1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux iv. 147 Let faithful tellers take the Poll, and note the Ay's and Noe's. 1765 W. Blackstone I. ii. 178 All soldiers quartered in the place are to remove..and not to return till one day after the poll is ended. 1789 W. Scott in J. Haggard (1822) I. 13 It often happens that on a shew of hands, the person has the majority, who on a poll is lost in a minority. 1863 H. Cox i. viii. 113 If..a poll be demanded on behalf of any candidate rejected on the show of hands, the returning officer is bound to grant the poll. 1897 at Sawbridge, John The show of hands was declared in favour of Sawbridge and Crosby, but a poll was demanded for four other candidates. 1950 J. E. Neale iv. 110 The Sheriff..abandoned the poll before reaching Price's principal Hundred. 1996 P. Thomas ix. 151 Roberts demanded a poll after the Wilkite sheriffs declared Bull elected on a show of hands. society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [noun] > the numerical result of voting 1736 4 Oct. 1 The Polls were so near, that a Scrutiny was demanded and had. 1773 145/2 Before the common-hall was over, Mr. Sheriff Wilkes declared there should be no poll published. 1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton IV. xii. xxxii. 234 He stood at the head of the poll by a majority of ten. 1885 10 July 5/3 At Wednesday's election there was a lighter poll. 1906 16 Aug. 7/5 After the declaration of the poll Mr.—— thanked his constituents for their splendid victory. 1957 7 Dec. 842/1 The more than 20 per cent of the poll which Liberals won at Gloucester and Ipswich. 1980 B. Castle 9 On 1 February the NUM balloted its members on a national strike. On a high poll, 81 per cent voted for a strike. society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [noun] > registering or casting votes 1769 193 The sheriffs opened the poll for a knight of the shire for the county of Middlesex. 1802 3 May (1851) App. 1377 The polls shall be kept open from eight o'clock in the morning till seven o'clock in the evening. 1832 c. 45 §67 The Poll shall on no Account be kept open later than Four o'Clock in the after~noon of such Second Day. 1860 R. W. Emerson Fate in (London ed.) 27 What pious men in the parlour will vote for what reprobates at the polls! 1883 Nov. 198/1 The exclusion of women from the poll was, in his opinion, nothing short of an injustice. 1918 c. 64, sched. 1, §16 The claimant..may be debarred from voting at a poll at parliamentary elections. 1960 20 Mar. 19 The South American Republic of Colombia goes to the polls to-day. 2000 15 July 56/1 His party's equally resounding success in last year's parliamentary poll. the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > opinion poll 1902 F. Clarke tr. M. Y. Ostrogorski II. v. iv. 306 The poll taken in each locality is of general import for the whole Union, as well as of special significance for each political subdivision in the States. 1944 9 June 5/5 The recent British Medical Association poll of members' opinions with regard to medical interests caused considerable controversy. 1973 31 Mar. 18 It's time to vote in the Melody Maker Jazz Poll. 1990 29 Sept. 9/2 Eight weeks after Iraq invaded Kuwait, evidence of a ‘Gulf effect’ in the polls is mixed. 2003 9 June 6/2 A recent poll in the swing state of Pennsylvania showed strong support among voters..for an energy..program. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > poll tax 1669 in H. Paton (1932) 55 That this stent or pole be..raisd for the end forsaid. 1679 J. Dryden in T. Shadwell Prol. sig. A3v Shou'd Men be rated by Poetick Rules, Lord what a Poll would there be rais'd from Fools! 1692 J. Washington tr. J. Milton iii. 54 The Jews, even the poorest of them, in the time of their Commonwealth paid a Poll. 1884 S. Dowell III. i. i. 6 When..in 1379, an immediate sum of money was required..recourse was again had to a poll. 1887 at Child, William A list..drawn up for the purpose of assessment under an act of parliament for raising money by poll. Compounds 1875 E. H. Knight III. 1763/1 Poll-adze, an adze with a striking face on the head (poll) opposite to the bit. society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [noun] > official register of votes given 1682 17 Jan. 1/1 A man in Authority promises to examin a Poll-book by the Poors-book,..if he put off the Performance of it till the Poll being declared, it cannot answer any end. 1732 G. Jacob 78 After the Poll is finished, the Poll-Books shall be publickly open'd. 1832 c. 45 §68 The Poll Clerks at the Close of each Day's Poll shall enclose and seal their several Poll Books, and shall publicly deliver them..to the Returning Officer or his Deputy. 1986 Mar. 39 It was not until later in the century that the publication of poll books became a normal practice in most of the larger constituencies. society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [noun] > registering or casting votes > polling-station or booth 1781 2 Feb. (1783) 169/2 Those who were thus keeping guard in the Market Place and Poll Booth. 1817 J. Bentham Introd. 280 Divide it into four practically equal districts, and, in a central spot of each, place the Poll-booth. 1999 26 212 While the populace may have been allowed to enter the poll booth.., other quite crucial conditions for elections are not being satisfied. society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [noun] > registering or casting votes > card 1880 18 Oct. 10/5 An elector is told by one poll card to go to one place and by another candidate's poll card to go to another place to vote. 1998 67 97/2 There are a range of detailed and technical issues such as improving registration, the role of poll cards, hours of voting, publicity and so on. 1600 W. Shakespeare ii. iv. 261 Looke where the witherd elder hath not his poule clawd like a parrot. View more context for this quotation] 1855 R. Browning ii. 44 You bald, saturnine, poll-clawed parrot. 1893 Aug. 463/1 The eyes of the poll-clawed old vender glistened over his customer. society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [noun] > election officials 1783 12 The witness attended the election of Athboy in the year 1776, as Poll Clerk for Mr. Chapman. 1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton IV. xii. xxxii. 242 Even the poll-clerks sprang from the booth. 1994 11 Oct. 14–15 Insert (advt.) One will be the Deputy Returning Officer and the other will be the Poll Clerk. 1986 3 Oct. a31/4 Whatever issues you see emphasized during the last month of the campaign will be poll-driven. 2003 31 Mar. 24/3 It's also a poll-driven press—and the polls say Americans support the war! society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > poll tax > collector of a1657 G. Daniel (1878) I. 99 I'de nothing Glorie, if I had ben made Poll-gatherer of the Groats. the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > as abused 1279 in B. Farr (1966) I. 129 Hachea polhachet in capite percussit et fecit plagam..longitudinis iij digitorum et profunditatis j digiti [He struck [him] on the head with a pole-hatchet axe and left a wound..three fingers long and one finger deep]. 1301 (P.R.O.: C 144/9/25) Repercussit predictum Thomam semel cum quodam polhachett in capite. a1529 J. Skelton 28 I wys, powle hachet, she bleryd thyne I. 1826 H. Smith II. 98 You pennyless pole-hatchet. 1838 A. Rodger 320 Ye might..carry your noddle Perth-Provost-pow-high. the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > [noun] > bump on 1827 T. Hood Craniology in 2nd Ser. 80 Scratching o'er those little pole-hills. society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [noun] > official register of votes given 1824 7 Jan. (1856) I. 947 The duty of inspectors to destroy such double ballots as, on a comparison with the poll lists,..clearly appear to be fraudulent. 1889 F. E. Gretton 244 I saw by the poll-list that he voted for the Prince. 1990 5 Feb. 53/3 Harry Lee Adams..had first been denied a look at the tally sheet or the poll list. the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > [adjective] > insanity or madness > affected with 1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande i. f. 3v/1, in R. Holinshed I Cicero..perceyuing hys countreymen to become changelings, in being bylwyse and polmadde, & to suck with the Greeke the conditions of the Grecians. society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > miner's pick 1747 W. Hooson at Picks Pole-Picks..are for hard Work, and have but one end made Sharp, the other is a Head-end, to break or bruse..any hard Substance we meet with. 1865 H. Bauerman 22 Poll pick, single-armed pick with a short bluff point, used for hard veins and working into rock where the slitter is too slight. 1998 J. H. Rieuwerts 119/1 Poll/pole-pick..sometimes called stone picks. One end was sharpened to a point, the other squared. Used for cutting levels through solid stone or widening the walls of stopes. the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > opinion poll > rating indicated by 1930 12 Apr. 1/2 To liven up his campaign, as well as his poll ratings, Heller hires media consultant Richard Cutler. 1996 29 Aug. i. 9/7 Michael Jordan, whose poll ratings leave Bill Clinton and Bob Dole in the dust. 1859 S. Smiles 30 A sum sufficient to have him put in a state fit to appear in the poll-room. 1964 17 June 1/1 P. R. Elam, who was at the precinct after the box was discovered in a closet of the poll room, said one-inch tape was used to seal it. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > people with styles of hair > [adjective] > cut or shaved 1556 J. Olde tr. R. Gwalther f. 144 Lecherous polleshorne masse monging priestes. 1630 J. Taylor Sculler in iii. 21/2 All the poleshorne crew of Antichrists. the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > disorders of neck 1899 H. R. Haggard in Oct. 529 Poll-sickness..is a kind of sore or abscess which horses get from knocking their heads against low door-ways and is commonly supposed to be incurable. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > poll tax 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden i. 100 The Tribute Capitatio [margin Pol-silver], which was personall and imposed upon the poll or person of every one. 1848 J. J. S. Wharton 530/2 Poll-money, Poll-silver, Poll-tax, a capitation-tax..formerly assessed by the head on every subject according to rank. 1882 J. Schouler II. vii. 211 Our American States had, perhaps, the purest representative systems in the world, both in theory and practice; and yet poll suffrage, a democratic idea, was coming very slowly into favor 1890 Poll-suffrage, universal manhood suffrage. 1931 H. P. Dutton 210 The simple poll suffrage, limited by sex, age, education or other qualifications, is another possible interest basis, the basis now generally used in popular government. 1995 G. de Framond in N. Y. A. Bradley tr. A. de Baecque 196 Finally in 1866 the forming of two Chambers voted by poll suffrage, the Riksdag, that would soon be dominated by the Peasants Party. the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > opinion poll > conducting > one who 1898 9 Mar. 3/3 A new law of Indiana makes it obligatory for all persons to lend assistance to the poll-takers for campaign purposes. 1959 4 Sept. 288/2 When poll-takers put the question directly to the citizenry, it seems that vast numbers think it good. 1993 2 Nov. a23/1 The lawyers, lobbyists, poll takers and small-bore philosophers who formulate what passes for the conventional wisdom down there. the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > opinion poll > conducting 1945 39 193 William Lydgate portrays the major trends of American public opinion as revealed by the last eight years of intensive poll-taking. 1998 8 Oct. 15/3 A priesthood is not expected to engage in buttonholing, poll-taking, logrolling, compromising, nose-counting, or any other tactics of political life. 1893 7 Nov. 4/5 Poll watchers, armed with injunctions restraining McKane's men from interfering with them. 1949 4 Mar. 7/6 They can all have poll-watchers to guard the secrecy of the ballot and prevent local pressure on voters. 2000 Dec. 240/1 One of our problems, on election day, was that all of our poll-watchers were bearded. the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > opinion poll > one successful in 1948 19 June 9/4 DiMaggio, 1947 pollwinner, today occupies fourth place, behind Boudreau, Williams and Stan Musial. 1990 July 14/1 Jock Sutherland—Surfer Poll winner in 1969, ultra-creative big-wave legend. the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [adjective] > successful in opinion poll 1938 28 Mar. 9/1 A new high in ether [i.e. radio] entertainment provided by a single sponsor is evidenced by the presentation of two poll-winning shows. 2003 (Nexis) 3 Dec. a48 A slick quartet featuring pollwinning British guitarist Jim Mullen. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † polln.2Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown.Perhaps a misapprehension of pole n.1 2. N.E.D. (1907) gives the pronunciation as (pǫl) /pɒl/. Obsolete. the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > Irish units 1591 in 16th Rep. Deputy Keeper Public Rec. Ireland (1884) 158 in (C. 4062) XXI. 365 Two polls or cartrons. 1607 J. Davies Lett. to Earl of Salisbury i, in (1786) 236 They reserved unto him a chief rent of ten shillings out of every poll (being a portion of land containing three score acres or there~abouts) in lieu of all Irish cuttings and taxes. 1689 R. Cox Explan. Index Polle of Land is fifty Acres. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2020). Polln.3Origin: From a proper name. Etymons: proper name Poll, Pall. Etymology: < the female forename Poll (also Pall), originally a rhyming form of Moll (see moll n.2). Compare later Polly n.1 the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Psittaciformes (parrots, etc.) > [noun] > parrot 1600 B. Jonson iv. v. sig. O Fast. Would you speake to mee Sir? Carl. I, when he has recouered himselfe: poore Poll . View more context for this quotation 1630 J. Taylor Epigr. xxxi, in ii. 265 A Rope for Parrat..O, pretty Pall, take heed, beware the Cat. 1709 R. Steele No. 27. ⁋6 Among the Favourites to the Fair One, he found her Parrat not to be in the last Degree: He saw Poll had her Ear, when his Sighs were neglected. 1719 D. Defoe 213 I had taught my Poll..to speak. 1800 M. Edgeworth Mimic i, in IV. 43 She stopped to say ‘Pretty Poll’, and immediately Mrs. Tattle begged she would..walk in and see ‘Pretty Poll’. a1855 C. Brontë (1857) II. xxiv. 197 And you say the Swiss are mercenary, as a parrot says ‘Poor Poll’. 1922 J. Joyce ii. xv. [Circe] 484 Pretty Poll! (His yellow parrotbeak gabbles nasally.) 2000 (Nexis) 7 Mar. 11 But what was causing these exaggerated bursts of micro-chip activity that were making Poll almost fall off her perch? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). polln.5 Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: Greek πολλοί. Etymology: Shortened < ancient Greek πολλοί (in οἱ πολλοί the multitude, the masses: see hoi polloi n.). Compare hoi polloi n., polloi n.For earlier use of the Greek expression in an English context compare the following:1791 in C. Wordsworth Scholae Academicae (1877) 323 Poor Quiz Carver is one of the οἱ πολλοί.1803 Gradus ad Cantabrigiam Polloi, οι πολλοι, ‘the many’, those who take their degree without any honour. Cambridge University slang (now historical). society > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > pass degree student > collectively society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > candidates > who passes > passing at university society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > take degree [verb (intransitive)] 1831 C. Darwin in (1887) I. 183 You will see what a good place I have got in the Poll. 1834 1 289 Those who do not aspire to honours and in the vernacular of Cambridge are styled the Poll (οἱ πολλοί). 1852 C. A. Bristed (ed. 2) 342 There are also many men every year contending for the Captaincy of the Poll, some for the honor, such as it is, others because it will help them to get Poll pupils afterwards. 1889 W. A. Wright I. 2 FitzGerald..modestly went out in the Poll in January 1830, after a period of suspense during which he was apprehensive of not passing at all. 1901 11 July 11/6 He..graduated in 1850, obtaining the distinction of captain of the poll, or first in order of merit among the Bachelors of that year who did not compete for honours. 1951 N. Annan i. 23 Fitzjames, having twice failed to win a Trinity scholarship..decided to go out in the poll. 1997 P. Searby III. v. 160 Dimmer men, known from their record and their performance in the schools to be destined for the poll. society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > [noun] > a degree > types of 1843 4 Nov. 3/5 The examinations for mathematical honours and the poll, as well as the Classical Tripos, were announced for the usual time. 1884 Apr. 370 I took my degree, however—a first-class ‘Poll’; which my good folks at home believed to be an honourable distinction. 1950 M. Marples 87 The degree itself was also known as the Poll. Compoundssociety > education > learning > learner > college or university student > [noun] > pass degree student society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > [noun] > a degree > types of society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > candidates > who passes > passing at university 1834 J. M. Herbert Let. 28 Mar. in C. Darwin (1985) I. 376 He commenced a translation of Virgil for Poll-Men (by the way he is an excellent Poll-Tutor). 1837 B. D. Walsh (ed. 2) 88 In the examination for an ordinary, or Pol degree.., the subjects are very limited. 1865 L. Stephen 99 Next above schoolmasters in the scale of misery, I should place what we call a ‘poll coach’. 1888 J. Bryce III. cii. 448 The poll or pass degrees of Cambridge or Oxford. 1928 26 Feb. 21 History, Economics, Law, and Engineering are clearly the favourite subjects of the ‘Pollman’. 1984 N. Annan (rev. ed.) i. 34 The Victorian poll-man no doubt was a difficult creature to teach. 1998 R. McWilliams Tullberg (rev. ed.) vi. 80 The University had already barred women from the Poll examination in 1881 and had the power to do the same again. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). polladj.n.4Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: polled adj.1 Etymology: Shortened < polled adj.1 A. adj. Polled or cut; shorn, cropped. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > barley > types of barley or barley-plant the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > wheat > types of wheat grain or plant (Harl. 221) 407 Polbere [?a1475 Winch. pollere], corne, idem quod hastybere. 1574 in 14 234 All manner of croppe ȝerelie..viz. wheet, rie,..barley, ottes, bigge, polbarley. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny I. 559 Pol-wheat both red and white, yea and Barley also, is threshed and driuen out of the husk vpon a floore. society > law > legal document > [adjective] > indented > not 1523 J. Fitzherbert xi. f. 20 Estates made of free lande by polle dede or dede indented. 1629 Vse of Law 52 in J. Doddridge Such a lease [sc. a lease for years] may be made by writing Pole or Indented. 1702 197 Be it by Fine or Fines, Feoffment or Feoffments, Deed or Deeds, indented or poll, inrolled or not inrolled. 1780 W. Sheppard & E. Hilliard (ed. 4) xxii. 382 Whether the deed or defeasance be indented or poll is not material. 1811 Conveyance in J. J. Looney (2006) III. 411 This deed poll and bipartite..witnesseth that the said Thomas hath sold..to the said Reuben a negro man slave. 1998 (ed. 5) XII. ii. 406 Kinds of Deeds... Deeds are either deeds poll or indentures. A deed poll is a deed made by and expressing the active intention of one party only. the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [adjective] > having horns > not having horns 1732 W. Ellis 109 A Gentleman near me bought a parcel of the large Oxfordshire Pole-Sheep. 1773 G. White Let. 9 Dec. in (1789) 164 As soon as you..mount Beeding-hill, all the flocks at once become hornless, or, as they call them, poll-sheep. 1886 M. Peacock 78 Th' owd poll-coo kep' him..i' a corner o' th' hoam-cloäse. 1955 18 July 5/2 A small shipment of poll Herefords, one bull and five heifers. 1960 19 Sept. 3/5 Sires are acceptable as ‘homozygous for polled’, if all their daughters are poll. 1989 S. G. Hall & J. Clutton-Brock xiv. 168 The Poll Dorset was developed in Australia. B. n.4the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > breeds of ox > [noun] > hornless 1786 G. Culley 48 Towards Cumberland, they are half long-horns, half polls. 1789 7 73 The cattle are..hardier than the Galloway Poles, or the short-horned breed. 1880 7 Dec. 2/3 The first prize in one of the classes for Scotch Polls. 1987 22 Oct. (Murray Grey Anniv. Suppl.) 24/2 The majority of the ‘Old Delargum’ cattle were natural polls. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pollv.Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: poll n.1 Etymology: < poll n.1In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix). I. To remove the hair. 1. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > clip or poll the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > cut > a person a1325 [implied in: St. Benedict (Corpus Cambr.) 82 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill (1956) 124 He sei a lite blac polled grom nyme þe monk bi þe sleue..Þe pollede boye vlei anon. (at polled adj.1 1)]. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) 1 Cor. xi. 6 Forsoth it is oon, as ȝif sche be maad ballid, pollid, or clippid. a1425 (c1395) (Royal) (1850) Gen. xli. 14 Thei polliden [a1425 Corpus Oxf. clyppiden; L. totonderunt] Joseph led out of prisoun. 1439 in F. B. Bickley (1900) II. 153 (MED) Dyuers Craftes as Taillours, Weuers..and others..contynuelly vseth dayly forto shave and forto polle dyuers peple of the seid toune. 1540 in Hist. MSS Comm.: MSS Duke of Rutland (1905) IV. 302 in (Cd. 2606) LXIII. 301 To Edmond Gresbroke.., barbar, for pollying my Lord Talbot.., xxd. 1592 R. Greene sig. D3v I come plain to be polde, & to haue my beard cut. 1603 R. Knolles 174 Polling and shauing him. 1650 J. Bulwer 56 He..who being singular is Poled and closely Cut among those who wear a Bush. 1688 R. Holme iii. 128/2 Pole me, is cut my hair. 1886 R. F. Burton tr. IX. cmxxxi. 137 I am a master of my craft..but no one cometh to me to be polled, because I am a pauper. 1896 in (1903) 573/1 At the barber's for haircutting, we have come to get powd. 1922 D. A. Mackenzie Cromarty Dial. in III. 79 ‘'A polled thee?’..‘Bubba’. 1974 J. Stevens Cox 44 To be polled, to have a hair-cut. 2008 (Am Baile) 16 Poll, to cut the hair. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > cut c1450 (1900) 101 (MED) Sche pollyd here hevyd priuely. 1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara (1619) ***iij 2 The Romaines were in Rome 454 yeares without eyther powling or shaving the haires off the bearde of anie man. 1572 R. Harrison tr. L. Lavater i. xii. 60 Putting kniues unto his head, and therwith polling off his heares. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus 192 Being commaunded to come and pole the Emperours head. 1611 2 Sam. xiv. 26 And when he polled his head, (for it was at euery yeres end that he polled it: because the haire was heauy on him, therefore he polled it) hee weighed the haire of his head at two hundred shekels after the kings weight. View more context for this quotation 1640 in D. Robertson (1911) 31 The barberis are inhibit to poll or barbarieze on the Lords day. 1671 in M. Wood (1950) X. 108 [He was] called as chirurgian to..Heriots Hospitall to poll the boyes heads. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews vii. xi, in tr. Josephus 218 David..was in such grief, that he had not polled his head. 1774 P. Proctor et al. IV. at Tonsure The ancient tonsure of the clergy was nothing more than polling the head. 1841 I. D'Israeli I. 98 They polled their crowns. 1865 S. Laycock & J. Harland 251 An' then at th' week-end, when he's time, he pows a bit, an' shaves. 1972 J. Ross Select. Caithness Dial. Words in D. Omand 253 He's gettan' his heid polled for 'e show. 1984 J. Heller viii. 200 He polled his head at every year's end. 2000 (Nexis) 22 Apr. d1 It meant polling his head and shaving his eyebrows, and spending countless hours tending to the temple. II. To remove the head, top, etc. 2. the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [verb (transitive)] > trees: prune or lop a1449 in S. A. Moore (1871) ii. 85 (note) A tree callyd an elme by one Andrew Chalvedon..ys pollyd pared and kut. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach ii. f. 104 Some trees there are, which yf you cut and poule often, wyl fade and dye. 1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene sig. G4v When Ministers powle the pride of common-weale. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas ii. ii. 416 Powle the broad plaines of their branchie glades. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. v. 207 He will mowe all downe..and leaue his passage poul'd . View more context for this quotation a1774 A. Tucker (1777) III. iii. 239 We prune and poll and cut our trees into unnatural shapes. 1818 J. Keats i. 26 Again I'll poll The fair-grown yew tree, for a chosen bow. 1889 W. Morris in J. W. Mackail (1899) II. 221 There were some beautiful willows, and now the idiot Parson has polled them into wretched stumps. 1966 21 Apr. 16/7 Trees which have been polled (their heads cut off) probably at an early age. 1991 (Nexis) 19 Oct. 46 Trees are polled or cut back so as to produce a thick growth of young branches. the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > the top or front part 1577 Queen Elizabeth I in G. Puttenham iii. xx. 208 Our rusty sworde with rest, shall first his edge employ, To polle their toppes that seeke, such change and gape for ioy. a1593 C. Marlowe (1594) sig. F3v We'll steel it on their crest and poll their tops. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer xvi. 112 Twas Ioues deed: Who, as he pold off his darts heads; so, sure he had decreed, That all the counsels of their warre, he would polle off like it, And giue the Troians victorie. a1661 T. Fuller (1662) Cornw. 194 Imploying a power of poor people, in Polling, (that is, Beheading,) Gutting, Splitting, Powdering and Drying them [sc. pilchards]. society > law > legal document > [verb (transitive)] > cut edge evenly 1628 E. Coke 229 A Deed poll is that which is plaine without any indenting, so called, because it is cut euen, or polled. a1689 W. Watson (1701) xlii. 337 The other being plain, the indenting being as it were polled or cut off. 1766 W. Blackstone II. xx. 296 A deed made by one party only is not indented, but polled or shaved quite even. 1845 J. Williams i. vii. 115 A deed made by only one party was polled, or shaved even at the top, and was therefore called a deed poll. the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > cut off tail, ears, or other bits 1907 Poll, to cut off horns of (cattle). 1981 L. Alderson in K. Thear & A. Fraser v. 108/2 This breed has been used recently to cross with the Scottish Blackface to poll the latter breed. III. To rob, plunder. 5. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > despoil or prey upon [verb (transitive)] 1490 (1962) xxxii. 119 Whiche were wythin their enmyes tentes & pauyllions, whiche they powlyd & brought doune. ?1529 S. Fish sig. A2v Subiectes..that be after this facion yerely polled. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More sig. Ciiii Their tenauntes..whom they polle and shaue to ye quycke by reysing their rentes. 1565 (Brandl) 775 He doth poule poore men and lyueth by theyr sweat. 1634 J. Canne iii. 143 Dayly new devises, to poll the poore Priests of their mony. 1670 S. Wilson (new ed.) i. 134 The people here mow their Hay three times a yeare; and I am affrayd they are powled [1698 polled] as often with taxes. 1681 G. Wharton Mutations Empires in (1683) 139 When the Prince doth too much Poll his Subjects with heavy Tributes and Exactions. 1740 C. Cibber ii. 22 Ill-nature and Self-conceit (Passions, that poll a majority of Mankind). 1839 H. Brandon Dict. Flash or Cant Lang. in W. A. Miles 164/2 To Poll, to cheat of one's share. 1851 H. Mayhew II. 220/1 As the contractor had nothing which he could truck with the men, and if ‘he polls us hisself,’ the man said, ‘he's not likely to let anybody else do it.’ 1874 W. H. Dixon IV. xxi. i. 123 Men whom he had tolled and polled..assailed him in the public streets. 1949 E. Partridge 523/2 Poll..is to cheat him of his share or payment. the mind > possession > taking > extortion > practise extortion [verb (intransitive)] 1521–2 Cardnall Wolse 61 in F. J. Furnivall (1868) I. 335 All prowde knavys full of dysdayne, And þat Can bothe polle & shave. 1566 T. Drant tr. Horace sig. Bv He, for to lend to moe, Doth sheare, and shaue and powle, and presse. 1613 N. Breton Answer in E iv But if too nerely thou dost pinch or poule, It may be burdensome vnto thy soule. the mind > possession > taking > extortion > practise extortion on [verb (transitive)] > extort 1559 W. Baldwin et al. Mowbray xxii Myghty summes whiche I had from hym polde. IV. To count, or be counted. the world > relative properties > number > enumeration, reckoning, or calculation > number, calculate, or reckon [verb (transitive)] > count people a1500 (a1460) (1897–1973) 105 (MED) Many shepe can she poll, bot oone had she ay. 1649 J. Milton xvii. 160 As little to purpose is it, that we should stand powling the reformed Churches, whether they equalize in number those of his three Kingdoms. a1701 H. Maundrell (1703) 64 So prodigious a number..as are said to have been, poll'd in the twelve Tribes at one time. 1709 Ld. Shaftesbury 118 If they can poll an indifferent Number out of a Mob..to attest a Story of a Witch upon a Broom-Stick,..they triumph in the solid Proof of their new Prodigy. 7. the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > give (a vote) [verb (transitive)] > take the votes of 1673 P. Skippon Diary in (1926) 22 178 The Sheriffe..lett [th]e L[or]d Huntingtour poll his men an houre before Sr Samuel could have his..bookes Delivered. 1679 A. Wood (1892) II. 443 We were poled by two writers, without swearing, in the Divinity School. 1723 Duke of Wharton No. 9. ¶27 Whether some Hundreds of Persons were not polled for Hopkins and Feast. 1773 III. lx. 63 The voters polled, I found it going against me. 1844 B. Disraeli II. v. iv. 272 I do not see now how we can win. We have polled all our dead men, and Millbank is seven a-head. 1859 J. Bright 27 Would it be tolerated by the people of this country..if they were fairly polled? 1960 H. Lee ii. xxi. 223 Judge Taylor was polling the jury: ‘Guilty..guilty..guilty..guilty!’ 1996 ‘E. Lathen’ (1998) xi. 125 Leon Rossi..said indulgently that everybody was on edge and that it was time for him to poll the committee. society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [verb (transitive)] > bring to the poll as voters or record votes of society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [verb (transitive)] > receive (so many) votes 1755 T. Carew 131/1 Mr. Pryse having polled his twenty votes in his turn, the petitioner endeavoured to do the same. 1788 6 Aug. 2/4 It is computed that Lord John Townshend has polled above 1800 bad votes. 1831 D. O'Connell 15 May (1888) I. 263 Without the aid of the ‘Terry Alt’ system, he could not poll one hundred votes. 1871 M. Collins II. iii. 71 Don't poll your men. 1892 G. Smith viii. 102 Birney polled just enough votes to defeat Clay and throw the government directly into the hands of Slavery. 1955 14 May 8/1 We must poll every vote. Please do not get over-confident because of the excellent borough election results. 1983 G. Swift (1984) xxii. 147 In the election of January 1920 my grandfather polls only eleven hundred votes. 2001 Mar. 75/4 Viduka polled 118 votes, 14 more than club-mate and compatriot Harry Kewell. 1846 14 Nov. 4/6 The only point to be settled is, whether or not the statue and the arch together look well as they stand. If the public could be polled, the majority would most certainly be ‘ayes’. 1863 W. Phillips 379 You might have polled the North, and had a response, three to one: ‘Let the Union go to pieces, rather than yield one inch.’ 1882 May 211 If you polled all the nations of the Continent on the subject you would find few who would enrol themselves in the category. 1937 1 161 For the whole nation only 4,500 people were polled—a sample of one hundredth of one per cent of the actual voting electorate. 1967 J. D. Weaver xiii. 182 Nixon had polled some twenty-three thousand of his 1950 precinct workers, asking them to name ‘the strongest candidate the Republicans could nominate for President’. 1992 8 Feb. 129/1 Only a net 12% of those polled expect sales to rise during the first quarter of the year. 1966 C. J. Sippl 137/1 The turn-around delay inherent in a half-duplex line greatly reduces the number of consoles which can be polled and serviced efficiently. 1972 60 1281/2 A special terminal, which has a large potential market, is a terminal for reading utility meters..for billing purposes... They are polled rather than normally operated on-line. 2001 (Nexis) 1 Jan. 93 A centralized network manager can poll nodes for their status data. 8. the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > express choice [verb (intransitive)] > by some approved means society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [verb (intransitive)] > vote 1678 A. Sidney Case conc. Election in A. Collins (1746) I. i. 153 Many refused to pole, and others would give no Voice. 1709 R. Steele No. 73. ⁋15 All such that shall Poll for Sir Arthur de Bradly, shall have one Chaldron of good Coals gratis. 1739 Duke of Richmond Let. 14 Oct. in (1984) 31 Those that are not mark'd did not pole last election, so I can not tell whether they are freeholders as they say or not. 1774 6 Every elector, before he polls, must..take the oath against bribery. 1801 M. Edgeworth I. iv. 129 With true English pig-headedness, they went..and polled for an independent candidate of their own choosing. 1885 c. 17 §9 (3) So that..an equal number of electors may..poll in each district. 1960 I. Jennings I. iii. 69 Each booth was to be divided into compartments, so that not more than 600 electors would be required to poll in one compartment. 2000 W. A. Speck in J. Greene & J. R. Pole 5/1 Landlords would turn out tenants who polled against candidates whom they had recommended. the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > give (a vote) [verb (transitive)] society > authority > office > appointment to office > choosing or fact of being chosen for office > election of representative body by vote > proceedings at election > [verb (transitive)] > vote 1717 T. Tickell 9 Shall He..poll for Points of Faith his Trusty Vote? 1858 W. E. Gladstone III. 117 Votes were not polled in the Olympus of Homer. 1874 A. Trollope I. xiii. 108 So great a number of votes would be deducted from those polled on behalf of the unfortunate Mr Browborough. 1944 G. M. Trevelyan (1949) p. xiii It is only by study that we can see our forerunners, remote and recent, in their habits as they lived,..riding out to do homage or to poll a vote. 2004 (Nexis) 27 Apr. In Kundapur, the 91-year-old Vincent Lobo, assisted by his son, polled his vote. †V. To pay a poll tax. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [verb (transitive)] > pay as poll tax 1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal iii. 43 The Man that poll'd but Twelve-pence for his Head. 1699 in W. Macgill (1909) I. 75 I and all such of that imployment are poled in twelf pounds Scots. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.11279 n.21591n.31600 n.51831adj.n.41440v.a1325 |
