pluvialn.¹

Brit.

/ˈpluːvɪəl/, U.S.

/ˈpluviəl/

Forms: 1600s pluuiale, 1600s– pluvial, 1600s– pluviale.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pluviale.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin pluviale (from 9th cent.; also pluvialis , from early 12th cent.), properly rain-cloak (see note), use as noun (perhaps short for pallium pluviale (mid 10th cent.), vestis pluvialis (mid 11th cent.), capa pluvialis (frequently a1170–1416 in British sources)) of neuter (or feminine) of classical Latin pluviālis pluvial adj. Compare French pluvial (a1178 in Old French), Spanish pluvial (1626 or earlier as pluuial; compare earlier capa pluvial (c1550 or earlier), Italian piviale, pieviale (second half of 14th cent.), Portuguese pluvial (1624), German Pluviale (1471 as pluuuial).The ecclesiastical garment was apparently originally intended to be worn as protection against the rain during processions (compare quots. 1763, 1848).

Now historical.

A long cloak worn by a senior cleric as a ceremonial vestment; = cope n.¹ 2a. Also: a similar garment worn by a monarch as a robe of state.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > robes

kine-shrouda1250

Dalmatical1599

colobium1603

pluvial1621

pall1643

Dalmatic robe1838

Dalmatic1855

society > faith > artefacts > vestments > outer garments > [noun] > cope

cantel-capea1121

copec1290

cantor-cope1348

cape?1510

pluvial1621

cappa1859

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > cloak, mantle, or cape > types of > long

kellc1425

pluvial1621

Joseph1659

pelisse1755

sarafan1799

pelisse robe1828

capote1854

1621 R. Crakanthorpe Def. Constantine 24 Two Cardinall Deacons, must hold the two sides of his Pluuiale (or loose vpper-garment) and the Emperour..must hold vp the taile thereof.

1667 G. Fox Arraignm. Popery xii. 44 They put upon the Pope a red Cope, called a Pluvial.

1690 London Gaz. No. 2533/2 The Deputies of Nuremburg placed the Mantle or Pluviale of Charlemagne on his Shoulders.

1725 D. Cotes tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 17th Cent. I. v. 63 The Priest had a Pluvial or Cope, besides the Habit with which he is cloath'd, when he celebrates the Mass.

1763 Divine Office for Use of Laity I. 35 §8 The Cope..was nothing but a thick sort of cloak to keep out the rain or cold; and for this reason it is sometimes called Pluviale.

1848 A. Jameson Sacred & Legendary Art (1850) 404 Over the whole is thrown the cope or pluviale (literally, rain-cloak) because first adopted, merely as a covering from the weather.

1886 Athenæum 7 Aug. 180/3 The pluvial of St. Silvester seems to her to be English.

1926 E. D. Ross & E. Power tr. P. Du Jarric Akbar & Jesuits viii. 92 Father Pignero awaited them, robed in a surplice and cope, or pluvial.

1995 W. Weaver tr. U. Eco Island of Day Before 408 A merchant of stuffs who draped before his eyes..stoles, pluvials, chasubles, dalmatics.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pluvialadj.n.²

Brit.

/ˈpluːvɪəl/, U.S.

/ˈpluviəl/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pluviālis.

Etymology: < classical Latin pluviālis characterized by rain, rainy, consisting of rain < pluvia rain, use as noun of feminine of pluvius rainy (see pluvius n.) + -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare French pluvial relating to rain, characterized by much rain (1488 in Middle French), caused or formed by rain (1872 or earlier), and Catalan pluvial (14th cent), Spanish pluvial (c1250 or earlier as pluuial ), Portuguese pluvial (1664), Italian pluviale (13th cent.). Compare earlier pluvious adj.

A. adj.

a. Of or relating to rain; characterized by much rain, rainy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [adjective]

pluviatile1599

pluvial1651

1651 T. Vaughan Lumen de Lumine 50 Our water is a heavenly water, which wets not the hand, not that of the common Man, but almost or as it were Pluvial.

1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. v, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Bb4 A Bath..of sweet water, whether pluvial or fluvial.

1791 tr. J. B. B. d'Anville Compend. Anc. Geogr. 582 The entrance of a ravine into the Sirbonian Pool receiving the pluvial waters of many torrents.

1832 C. Nicholson Ann. Kendal (1861) iv. 157 The butter-women were exposed to the pluvial elements.

1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius v. 145 Such uncommon pluvial descents may follow.

1893 Littell's Living Age 14 Nov. 313/1 It was for this that he [sc. St Swithin] was made the pluvial saint of England.

1968 V. Nabokov King, Queen, Knave iii. 55 Like that darkish solution in which mountain views would presently float and grow clear, this rain, this delicate pluvial damp, developed shiny images in her soul.

2004 Northern Echo (Nexis) 24 Aug. 11 A succession of joggers pounded down the pluvial promenade.

b. Geology. Designating any of various periods of relatively high average rainfall in low and intermediate latitudes, esp. during the Pleistocene, which alternated with interpluvial periods in a cycle which may be related to the cycle of glacial and interglacial periods in higher latitudes. Cf. interpluvial adj., intrapluvial adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [adjective] > other ages or periods

antediluvial1822

psychozoic1828

pluvial1868

anthropic1893

Ozarkian1896

mature1899

interpluvial1907

Rhaeto-Liassic1909

intrapluvial1934

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [adjective] > of or relating to climate > in the geological past > specific

genial1838

pluvial1868

boreal1876

sub-Atlantic1876

sub-boreal1876

interpluvial1907

intrapluvial1934

Atlantic1935

hypsithermal1957

1868 A. Tylor in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 24 105 Many of the Quaternary deposits in all countries..are of such great dimensions and elevation that they must have been formed under physical conditions very different from our own. They indicate a Pluvial period, just as clearly as the northern drift indicates a Glacial period.

1927 H. Peake & H. J. Fleure Apes & Men v. 75 He endeavoured to show that..in the valley of the Nile, there was evidence of four very wet periods, or pluvial periods.

1954 New Biol. 17 11 There is evidence of at least two great ‘Pluvial’ periods of heavy rainfall in the Pleistocene when these [East African] lakes reached their maximum size and depth.

1986 B. W. Sparks Geomorphol. (BNC) (ed. 3) 342 How much of this former water erosion can be attributed to pluvial phases in the Pleistocene is very doubtful.

1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes xvii. 312/2 No more than 12,000 years having passed since the last wetter, pluvial period when the area contained abundant, interconnected standing and running water.

2. Physical Geography. Caused or formed by rain.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > [adjective] > erosion by rain

pluvial1851

1851 C. Lyell Man. Elem. Geol. (ed. 3) xix. 252 This superficial accumulation of the hard or siliceous materials of the disintegrated strata may be due in some degree to pluvial action.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) ix. 131 The particular kind of denudation effected by means of rain is called pluvial denudation.

1961 Rural Sociol. 26 67 Being chemical erosion it is not as dramatic as the pluvial erosion of the highlands which lays waste to great acreages.

1965 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 29 725 The large pluvial lakes which once occupied the western Great Basin.

2000 Jrnl. Volcanol. & Geothermal Res. 97 262/2 There is a small channel, cut by syn-depositional avalanching, but no sign of any pluvial reworking.

B. n.² Geology.

A pluvial period.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [noun] > other ages or periods

terrace-epoch1863

youth1896

secule1903

pluvial1929

interpluvial1931

intrapluvial1939

salinity crisis1967

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [noun] > prevailing weather or climate > in the geological past > specific

pluvial1929

interpluvial1931

intrapluvial1939

1929 Nature 6 July 9/2 A large mammalian fauna has been collected from the deposits of the various Pluvials.

1959 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 70 345/2 African pluvials are of great importance for climatic history, for Pleistocene correlation, and for meteorologic theory.

1970 W. Bray & D. Trump Dict. Archaeol. 184/1 Prolonged periods of high rainfall are called pluvials, and are marked by changes in lake levels and in flora and fauna.

1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) v. ii. 174/1 Four wet phases (or pluvials as they were termed) were recognised [in the tropics], matching the four alpine glacial stages.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pluvial
释义	pluvialn.¹ Brit. /ˈpluːvɪəl/, U.S. /ˈpluviəl/ Forms: 1600s pluuiale, 1600s– pluvial, 1600s– pluviale. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pluviale. Etymology: < post-classical Latin pluviale (from 9th cent.; also pluvialis , from early 12th cent.), properly rain-cloak (see note), use as noun (perhaps short for pallium pluviale (mid 10th cent.), vestis pluvialis (mid 11th cent.), capa pluvialis (frequently a1170–1416 in British sources)) of neuter (or feminine) of classical Latin pluviālis pluvial adj. Compare French pluvial (a1178 in Old French), Spanish pluvial (1626 or earlier as pluuial; compare earlier capa pluvial (c1550 or earlier), Italian piviale, pieviale (second half of 14th cent.), Portuguese pluvial (1624), German Pluviale (1471 as pluuuial).The ecclesiastical garment was apparently originally intended to be worn as protection against the rain during processions (compare quots. 1763, 1848). Now historical. A long cloak worn by a senior cleric as a ceremonial vestment; = cope n.¹ 2a. Also: a similar garment worn by a monarch as a robe of state. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > robes kine-shrouda1250 Dalmatical1599 colobium1603 pluvial1621 pall1643 Dalmatic robe1838 Dalmatic1855 society > faith > artefacts > vestments > outer garments > [noun] > cope cantel-capea1121 copec1290 cantor-cope1348 cape?1510 pluvial1621 cappa1859 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > cloak, mantle, or cape > types of > long kellc1425 pluvial1621 Joseph1659 pelisse1755 sarafan1799 pelisse robe1828 capote1854 1621 R. Crakanthorpe Def. Constantine 24 Two Cardinall Deacons, must hold the two sides of his Pluuiale (or loose vpper-garment) and the Emperour..must hold vp the taile thereof. 1667 G. Fox Arraignm. Popery xii. 44 They put upon the Pope a red Cope, called a Pluvial. 1690 London Gaz. No. 2533/2 The Deputies of Nuremburg placed the Mantle or Pluviale of Charlemagne on his Shoulders. 1725 D. Cotes tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 17th Cent. I. v. 63 The Priest had a Pluvial or Cope, besides the Habit with which he is cloath'd, when he celebrates the Mass. 1763 Divine Office for Use of Laity I. 35 §8 The Cope..was nothing but a thick sort of cloak to keep out the rain or cold; and for this reason it is sometimes called Pluviale. 1848 A. Jameson Sacred & Legendary Art (1850) 404 Over the whole is thrown the cope or pluviale (literally, rain-cloak) because first adopted, merely as a covering from the weather. 1886 Athenæum 7 Aug. 180/3 The pluvial of St. Silvester seems to her to be English. 1926 E. D. Ross & E. Power tr. P. Du Jarric Akbar & Jesuits viii. 92 Father Pignero awaited them, robed in a surplice and cope, or pluvial. 1995 W. Weaver tr. U. Eco Island of Day Before 408 A merchant of stuffs who draped before his eyes..stoles, pluvials, chasubles, dalmatics. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pluvialadj.n.² Brit. /ˈpluːvɪəl/, U.S. /ˈpluviəl/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pluviālis. Etymology: < classical Latin pluviālis characterized by rain, rainy, consisting of rain < pluvia rain, use as noun of feminine of pluvius rainy (see pluvius n.) + -ālis -al suffix¹. Compare French pluvial relating to rain, characterized by much rain (1488 in Middle French), caused or formed by rain (1872 or earlier), and Catalan pluvial (14th cent), Spanish pluvial (c1250 or earlier as pluuial ), Portuguese pluvial (1664), Italian pluviale (13th cent.). Compare earlier pluvious adj. A. adj. 1. a. Of or relating to rain; characterized by much rain, rainy. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [adjective] pluviatile1599 pluvial1651 1651 T. Vaughan Lumen de Lumine 50 Our water is a heavenly water, which wets not the hand, not that of the common Man, but almost or as it were Pluvial. 1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. v, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Bb4 A Bath..of sweet water, whether pluvial or fluvial. 1791 tr. J. B. B. d'Anville Compend. Anc. Geogr. 582 The entrance of a ravine into the Sirbonian Pool receiving the pluvial waters of many torrents. 1832 C. Nicholson Ann. Kendal (1861) iv. 157 The butter-women were exposed to the pluvial elements. 1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius v. 145 Such uncommon pluvial descents may follow. 1893 Littell's Living Age 14 Nov. 313/1 It was for this that he [sc. St Swithin] was made the pluvial saint of England. 1968 V. Nabokov King, Queen, Knave iii. 55 Like that darkish solution in which mountain views would presently float and grow clear, this rain, this delicate pluvial damp, developed shiny images in her soul. 2004 Northern Echo (Nexis) 24 Aug. 11 A succession of joggers pounded down the pluvial promenade. b. Geology. Designating any of various periods of relatively high average rainfall in low and intermediate latitudes, esp. during the Pleistocene, which alternated with interpluvial periods in a cycle which may be related to the cycle of glacial and interglacial periods in higher latitudes. Cf. interpluvial adj., intrapluvial adj. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [adjective] > other ages or periods antediluvial1822 psychozoic1828 pluvial1868 anthropic1893 Ozarkian1896 mature1899 interpluvial1907 Rhaeto-Liassic1909 intrapluvial1934 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [adjective] > of or relating to climate > in the geological past > specific genial1838 pluvial1868 boreal1876 sub-Atlantic1876 sub-boreal1876 interpluvial1907 intrapluvial1934 Atlantic1935 hypsithermal1957 1868 A. Tylor in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 24 105 Many of the Quaternary deposits in all countries..are of such great dimensions and elevation that they must have been formed under physical conditions very different from our own. They indicate a Pluvial period, just as clearly as the northern drift indicates a Glacial period. 1927 H. Peake & H. J. Fleure Apes & Men v. 75 He endeavoured to show that..in the valley of the Nile, there was evidence of four very wet periods, or pluvial periods. 1954 New Biol. 17 11 There is evidence of at least two great ‘Pluvial’ periods of heavy rainfall in the Pleistocene when these [East African] lakes reached their maximum size and depth. 1986 B. W. Sparks Geomorphol. (BNC) (ed. 3) 342 How much of this former water erosion can be attributed to pluvial phases in the Pleistocene is very doubtful. 1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes xvii. 312/2 No more than 12,000 years having passed since the last wetter, pluvial period when the area contained abundant, interconnected standing and running water. 2. Physical Geography. Caused or formed by rain. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > erosion or weathering > [adjective] > erosion by rain pluvial1851 1851 C. Lyell Man. Elem. Geol. (ed. 3) xix. 252 This superficial accumulation of the hard or siliceous materials of the disintegrated strata may be due in some degree to pluvial action. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) ix. 131 The particular kind of denudation effected by means of rain is called pluvial denudation. 1961 Rural Sociol. 26 67 Being chemical erosion it is not as dramatic as the pluvial erosion of the highlands which lays waste to great acreages. 1965 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 29 725 The large pluvial lakes which once occupied the western Great Basin. 2000 Jrnl. Volcanol. & Geothermal Res. 97 262/2 There is a small channel, cut by syn-depositional avalanching, but no sign of any pluvial reworking. B. n.² Geology. A pluvial period. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > age or period > [noun] > other ages or periods terrace-epoch1863 youth1896 secule1903 pluvial1929 interpluvial1931 intrapluvial1939 salinity crisis1967 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [noun] > prevailing weather or climate > in the geological past > specific pluvial1929 interpluvial1931 intrapluvial1939 1929 Nature 6 July 9/2 A large mammalian fauna has been collected from the deposits of the various Pluvials. 1959 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 70 345/2 African pluvials are of great importance for climatic history, for Pleistocene correlation, and for meteorologic theory. 1970 W. Bray & D. Trump Dict. Archaeol. 184/1 Prolonged periods of high rainfall are called pluvials, and are marked by changes in lake levels and in flora and fauna. 1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) v. ii. 174/1 Four wet phases (or pluvials as they were termed) were recognised [in the tropics], matching the four alpine glacial stages. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1621adj.n.²1651
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pluvialn.1

pluvialadj.n.2

pluvialn.¹

pluvialadj.n.²