单词 | pluck |
释义 | pluckn.1 I. An act of plucking. 1. a. A sudden sharp pull, esp. of something of which one has just taken hold (formerly †spec. in wrestling or manual combat); a tug, jerk, or snatch. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > [noun] > pulling > a sudden or sharp pull tita1425 pluck1440 twitching1478 twitch?1523 tuck1648 twang1721 twiga1800 twerk1820 yank1888 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 405 Pluk, or plukkynge, tractus. a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 91, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Pluk(ke Be-twene tweyne stryueres or wrasteleres, he is holde þe strenger þat is not broken ne sone ouercome with none harde plukkes ne pulles. c1450 Treat. Fishing in J. McDonald et al. Origins of Angling (1963) 157 (MED) For þe floote, plumbe hym so hevy þat þe lest ploke of any fysche may pluke hym doune yn-to þe watur. a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) 1611 (MED) The Giaunt hym ayen smate Thorough his sheld and his plate..And sith he pullith at his croke..oute myȝt he gete it nought..Glad pluckys there he toke. 1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Atenazadas With plucks of pincers. 1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads (1677) 246 To th' ground Patroclus fetcht him with a pluck. 1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) ii. 58 The Plucks and Attractions of the motory Muscles. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. v. i. 12 Little dog gave it a pluck; knot slipt. 1863 T. Woolner My Beautiful Lady 92 Her breath caught with short plucks and fast, Then one hot choking strain. 1889 J. McCarroll Madeline & Other Poems 163 A sweet, little darling.., Who is hovering about me from morning till night, With a hug or a kiss, or a pluck at my coat. 1904 M. Gallichan Fishing Spain 77 It was not long before I felt a pluck at the line. 1986 Punch Winter 9/3 I felt a pluck upon my sleeve. 2003 Irish News (Nexis) 30 Aug. 36 After two or so hours of covering all the best drifts and having neither seen a tail or felt a pluck. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > spell or bout of action turnc1230 heatc1380 touch1481 pluck?1499 push?1560 bout1575 yoking1594 pull1667 tirl1718 innings1772 go1784 gamble1785 pop1839 run1864 gang1879 inning1885 shot1939 the world > action or operation > endeavour > [noun] > an attempt tastec1330 assayc1386 proffera1400 proof?a1400 pluck?1499 saymenta1500 minta1522 attemptate1531 attempt1548 attemption1565 say1568 trice1579 offer1581 fling1590 tempt1597 essay1598 trial1614 tentative1632 molition1643 conamen1661 put1661 tentamen1673 conatus1722 shot1756 go1784 ettle1790 shy1824 hack1830 try1832 pop1839 slap1840 venture1842 stagger1865 flutter1874 whack1884 whirl1884 smack1889 swipe1892 buck1913 lash1941 wham1957 play1961 ?1499 J. Skelton Bowge of Courte (de Worde) sig. Biijv Lete vs laugh a placke [1568 plucke] or tweyne at nale. ?1562 Thersytes sig. C.i Nowe with my sworde haue at the a plucke. c1567 Queen Elizabeth Let. in Nugæ Antiquæ (1769) I. 138 He, of base and basterdlye mynde that wrestells a pluck with the world's order, conceyves therof an evill opynion. 1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. 178 (margin) They being come to By-path Stile, have a mind to have a pluck [printed apluck] with Gyant-Dispair. View more context for this quotation 1691 T. Shadwell Scowrers iv. i. 33 Haste and lock 'em up again, I'll try a pluck with ye. 1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World I. 222 There is no work whatsoever but he can criticise..even though you wrote in Chinese, he would have a pluck at you. 1822 R. Nares Gloss. at Pluck A turn, or set-to. 1864 J. S. Le Fanu Wylder's Hand (1898) 197 Every fellow, particularly these gentlemanlike fellows, they have a pluck at you when they can. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > [noun] > general scramble for booty pluck-up fair1573 1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxix. 199 Than on the morne thay maid the pluk vp fair..Vpone that spuilȝe I will spend na tyme. 1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxix. 341 Quhar as he fand vs at the plukup fair. a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) IV. 400 Sindrie naughtie..strangers..inritched in the pluck up faire of Sanct Barthlemew in France. d. Nautical. Also pluck-up. A pull, a tow. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > propelling other than by sail or oars > [noun] > towing > a tow tow1622 pluck1894 1894 Pall Mall Mag. Nov. 380 A little lugger hanging on astern [of the tug] to get a ‘pluck-up’ towards home. 1897 J. Conrad Nigger of ‘Narcissus’ ii. 19 The short black tug gave a pluck to windward. 1918 Yachting Monthly Jan. 155 (caption) A pluck out of dock, a fishing permit and a light breeze. 1934 ‘Taffrail’ Seventy North iii. 57 D'ye want a rope's end, ole pal? We'll give ye a pluck home! 1964 Roving Comm. 1963 176 A feeble little motor-boat gave us a half-hearted pluck and went away. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > marks > failing a candidate plucking1837 pluck1852 plough1863 ploughing1882 society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > marks > failure of candidate deplumation1834 fizzle1846 flunk1846 pluck1852 fail1944 1852 H. Smythies Bride Elect xlvi Visions of a pluck danced before the weary eyes of tutor and pupil. 1860 A. Jessopp Middle-class Exams. 12 The proportion of the plucks to the passes. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. cii. 447 Nearly all American students do graduate.., the proportion of plucks in the later examinations is small. II. Viscera; courage. 3. a. The heart, liver, lungs, and other viscera of an animal, as used for food.In quot. 1674 figurative: the inward part, essence. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > part or joint of animal > [noun] > pluck, offal, or tripe tripea1300 numblesc1330 tripea1400 chitterling?c1400 giblet14.. hasletc1400 umbles14.. womb cloutc1400 garbage1422 offala1425 interlardc1440 hinge1469 draught?a1475 mugget1481 paunch1512 purtenance1530 pertinence1535 chawdron1578 menudes1585 humblesa1592 gut?1602 pluck1611 sheep's-pluck1611 fifth quarter1679 trail1764 fry1847 chitling1869 small goods1874 black tripe1937 variety meat1942 the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > [noun] > that which is within > interior part(s) inwardness1388 entrail?c1400 entrail1434 bowel1548 pluck1611 viscera1709 embowelment1821 internals1899 innards1903 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Ventresque,..th'offals..of an (edible) creature; as a calues pluck. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 23 It may be boiled as that of other beasts, and eaten with butter and vineger; so the plux. 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 57 You must not pull out the pluck of it, and make it quite another thing from number. 1737 in J. Colville Ochtertyre House Bk. of Accomps (1907) 38 The vealls pluck and fraize. a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 19 The pluck contains the heart, liver, lights, melt, and skirt. 1832 W. Stephenson Coll. Local Poems, Songs, &c. 95 For to make us some pottage, There'll be a sheep's head and a pluck. 1904 Edinb. Evening News 28 June 3 The Sheriff inquired the meaning of the word ‘pluck’. The prosecutor explained that it referred to the internal organs which could be removed at one pull or pluck. 1955 F. G. Ashbrook Butchering vii. 115 To remove the pluck (heart and lungs), cut the white part of the diaphragm. 1984 Gainesville (Florida) Sun 29 Mar. 19 b/4 Haggis is the pluck (lungs, liver and heart) of a sheep or a calf, which are chopped or ground and combined with beef suet and oatmeal. 2004 Scotl. on Sunday (Nexis) 11 Jan. 1 He ‘knows a man who knows a man’ who can get illicit lung and other ‘pluck’—offal meat—from the sheep. b. In extended use: the entrails of a person. Now rare (chiefly regional in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > internal organs > [noun] innethc888 guta1000 inwardc1000 inwarda1300 entrailc1330 innerera1340 entraila1382 inwardness1388 bowelc1440 paunch?c1475 umbles1536 parts entire1596 inmeat1616 in-parta1629 internalsa1629 giblet1647 viscera1651 pluck1711 viscus1728 inside1741 trollibags1824 innards1825 interior1835 splanchnology1842 work1884 1646 Britanicus his Blessings 5 Six Anabaptists hearts with Garlick stuck: two Jesuites braines, a sincere Brownists Pluck, Stew'd in a Traitours skull with sublimates: We with this Hogoost poyson many a State. 1700 T. Brown Infallible Astrologer 29 Oct.–5 Nov. 1 Tradesmen flock in their Morning-gowns to the Purl-houses by Seven, to cool their Plucks. 1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 16 Mar. (1948) I. 218 It vexes me to the pluck that I should lose walking this delicious day. 1770 T. Bridges Burlesque Transl. Homer II. xi. 239 Boaking as if I'd bring my pluck up. c1861 J. T. Staton Loominary 117 Dunno let it meighdur thy yed nor potter thy plucks. 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 467 I saw..five unpleasant-looking objects stuck on sticks. They were the livers and lungs, and in fact the plucks, of witch-doctors. 1913 W. R. Melvin Caller Herrin' 32 A'll tak' the pluck o' the last wan o' ye. 2010 M. Williams Down among Dead Men iii. 14 He had released all Mr Evans' organs from his body, and was now holding what he told me was referred to as the ‘pluck’. 4. a. colloquial. Courage, originally viewed as residing in the heart; boldness, spirit; tenacity in adversity. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > spirit > [noun] hearteOE spirita1382 fierceness1490 stomach?1529 spritec1540 fire1579 mettle1581 rage1590 brave-spiritednessa1617 lion-heart1667 game1747 spunk1773 pluck1785 gameness1810 ginger1836 pluckiness1846 gimp1901 ticker1930 cojones1932 1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (at cited word) He wants pluck, he is a coward. 1808 Sporting Mag. 32 34 Inferior in science, and what is technically called pluck, to no one. 1813 R. Wilson Jrnl. in Life Gen. Sir R. Wilson (1862) II. 446 If the enemy have the pluck and force which I expect to find. 1821 T. Carlyle Early Lett. (1886) I. 359 I have no pluck in me for such things at present. 1835 B. Disraeli Let. 9 May All men agree I have shown pluck. 1879 G. A. Sala in Illustr. London News 1 Nov. 406/1 Yes! the British word ‘pluck’ is the word to use. ‘Courage’, ‘bravery’, ‘heroism’ are all too feeble. 1919 P. G. Wodehouse Their Mutual Child ii. x. 233 If I had had the pluck of a rabbit I'd have done this myself six months ago. 1946 C. Bush Case Second Chance iv. 60 He realised he'd told us a lie and I admire his pluck in acknowledging the fact. 2004 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 4 Dec. 13 It [sc. the play] is..a salute to the sheer pluck of those who valiantly kept the flame of culture alight in the darkest years of the war. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [noun] > state of being clearly visible > sharpness or definition > due to contrast projection1619 relief1776 pluck1889 1889 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 253 I also saw other negatives of the same scenes developed with potash; they..gave pictures of greater snap, what some call ‘pluck’. 1894 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. 41 49 The image will have more pluck and a larger range of gradation. c. U.S. slang (chiefly in African-American usage). Wine. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > [noun] wine805 juicea1387 shrab1477 Bacchus1508 the spirit (also sprite) of the buttery1530 Lyaeus1602 vintage1604 Septembral juice (or liquor)1609 grape1636 cellar physic1697 rosy1840 pluck1904 pinard1917 vino1919 1904 H. F. Day Kin o' Ktaadn 33 And the brand of pluck they sell at bars. 1967 Trans-action Apr. 8/1 The dudes ‘rap’ and ‘jive’ (talk), gamble, and drink their ‘pluck’ (usually a cheap, sweet wine). 1973 Black World July 55/1 We want some pluck man, got any scratch? 1994 ‘Dr. John’ & J. Rummel Under Hoodoo Moon (1995) 9 There was an old guy named Gutierrez who used to hang out there, drinking his pluck. III. A thing which is or has been plucked. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > bell > [noun] > other parts yokeOE stirrup1341 cod1379 bell-string1464 frame1474 stock1474 ear1484 poop1507 bell-wheel1529 skirt1555 guarder1583 imp1595 tab1607 jennet1615 pluck1637 bell-rope1638 cagea1640 cannon1668 stilt1672 canon1688 crown1688 sound-bow1688 belfry1753 furniture1756 sounding bow1756 earlet1833 brima1849 busk-board1851 headstock1851 sally hole1851 slider1871 mushroom head1872 sally beam1872 pit1874 tolling-lever1874 sally-pin1879 sally-pulley1901 sally-wheel1901 1637 Parish Acct. Wragby, Yorks. (MS) Itm for two bellropes and one plucke..0. 5. 5. 1639 Parish Acct. Wragby, Yorks. (MS) Itm for 5 plucks and nailes..0. 01. 7. 6. Fishing. A herring which has been damaged while being caught. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > order Clupeiformes > [noun] > family Clupeidae and herrings > member of > in bad condition keltc1340 cropshin1599 pluck1758 1758 R. Griffiths Descr. Thames 227 Fishers distinguish their Herrings into six different Sorts: As the Fat Herring..; the Meat Herring..; the Night Herring..; the Pluck, which has received some Damage from the Nets. a1899 D. Nicolson MS Coll. Caithness Words in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 556/2 [Caithness] Pluck, herring when stuck so fast in the net that they cannot be shaken out have to be plucked out by hand. In doing this their heads are often taken off, or they are otherwise injured. 1972 J. Ross Select. Caithness Dial. Words in D. Omand Caithness Bk. 253 Pluck,..a broken herring, broken because of having been plucked from the net. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [noun] > wool > refuse noils1623 pinions1670 backings1780 pluck1825 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 389 In hand-spinning, the pluck, that is, the portion plucked from the sliver or combed wool. IV. Something used for plucking. 8. Scottish. A two-pronged fork with the teeth at right angles to the shaft, for moving dung, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > fork > dung-fork muck-hook1300 muck-forkc1350 muck-hack1362 dung pick1381 dung fork1397 muck crook1446 graip1459 muck-crome1501 muck-drag1545 shed-spade1559 pluck1825 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Pluck, a two-pronged instrument, with the teeth at right angles to the shaft, used for taking dung out of a cart, &c. 1877 Trans. Highl. Soc. 86 A croman or half-mattock, like a pluck for turnips, but much larger. 1906 Banffshire Jrnl. 12 June 2 I see ye raxin wi' the pluck An' haulin' oot the strong neep muck. 1951 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) 11 Jan. The laborious howkin' for neeps with an old-fashioned ‘pluck’ from frost-bound and iron-hard ground. Compounds pluck side n. Physical Geography the jagged lee (or downstream) side of a roche moutonnée from which rock has been plucked by a glacier (opposed to scour side). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > rock formations > [noun] > roche moutonnée > downstream side of pluck side1905 lee side1920 1905 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 13 6 We will no longer call the two sides of a roche moutonnée ‘push side’ and ‘lee side’, but we prefer the expressions ‘scour side’ and ‘pluck side’ introduced by Shaler. 1942 C. A. Cotton Climatic Accidents Landscape-making xviii. 244 The lee side is termed also the ‘pluck’ side. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † pluckn.2 Scottish. Obsolete. The pogge or armed bullhead (a fish), Agonus cataphractus. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > member of family Agonidae (poacher) poggea1672 armour-fish1747 pluck1808 sea-poacher1811 poacher1961 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Pluck, the Pogge, a fish; small and ugly, supposed by the fishers to be poisonous. 1811 P. Neill in Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. 1 534 Cottus..cataphractus. Pogge or Armed Bullhead;..Pluck... This is often taken in oyster-dredges and herring-nets, but is detested by the fishermen. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2019). pluckv.α. Old English pluccian, Middle English ploukked (past tense), Middle English pulke (perhaps transmission error), Middle English–1500s pluk, Middle English–1500s pluke, Middle English–1500s plukke, Middle English–1600s plucke, Middle English– pluck, 1500s–1600s pluct (past tense and past participle), 1500s–1600s pluc't (past tense and past participle); Scottish pre-1700 plouk, pre-1700 plucke, pre-1700 pluik, pre-1700 pluk, pre-1700 pluke, pre-1700 1700s– pluck. β. Old English ploccian, early Middle English plockie, Middle English plocke, Middle English plokke, Middle English (1500s Scottish) ploke. To pull. 1. a. transitive. To pull off (a fruit, hair, feather, etc.) from where it grows; to pick off or out; to pick or gather. Also intransitive.In quot. OE1 figurative; in quot. 1945: to allow of being plucked or picked. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by plucking or picking > from a natural source gatherOE pluckOE picka1393 take1477 cull1637 the world > space > place > removal or displacement > become displaced [verb (intransitive)] > be removed or taken away > admit of being plucked pluck1945 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xiv. 294 Þa lareowas an Godes cyrcan, þe plucciað, þa cwydas þæra apostola. OE Harley Gloss. (1966) 137 Discerpit .i. deuorat, carpit, lacerat, toslit, ploccaþ, discernit. OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xii. 1 Hig ongunnun pluccian [c1200 Hatton plockien] þa ear & ætan. c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 9* M[an]. of walnote-tre plukith [Fr. pluche] note. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) Luke vi. 1 Whanne he passide by cornes, his disciplis pluckeden [L. vellebant] eeris. c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. vi. 69 Loke þou plukke [v.r. pulke; c1400 C text plocke] no plantis þere. c1475 Antichrist & Disciples in J. H. Todd Three Treat. J. Wycklyffe (1851) p. cxxxviii Þei..leten here shep perishen & taken of hem & plucken a wey þe wolle as non herdis. a1500 in R. L. Greene Early Eng. Carols (1977) 257 (MED) The leuis of de brere bryght Byt ysclydyn owt of his sclym, To hele here sores det byght of might, An we plokyt hym yn tyme. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 165 Thay can nocht pluk ane lytill hair Furth of our heid, nor do vs deir. 1611 Bible (King James) Gen. viii. 11 In her mouth was an Oliue leafe pluckt off. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) ii. iv. 30 Let him..From off this Bryer pluck a white Rose with me. View more context for this quotation 1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar i. 6 Jewels, Rings, and bobbing Pearls Pluck'd from Moores ears. 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 2 I pluck'd above Five different Sorts..as Wild-Time, Lavender, Rosemary, Balme and Mirtle. 1779 J. Duché Disc. I. xv. 293 He plucks and eats, but still remains unsatisfied. 1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. v. 379 The mistletoe is still hung up..and the young men have the privilege of kissing the girls under it, plucking each time a berry from the bush. 1868 H. Law Beacons of Bible (1869) 18 She lusted and plucked. 1897 Dict. National Biogr. at Shakespeare, William The scene..where white and red roses are plucked as emblems of the rival political parties. 1945 H. J. Massingham Wisdom of Fields viii. 163 It plucked dead ripe. 1947 Nucleonics Dec. 40/1 The steel has been plucked out of the surface. 1999 Dogs in Canada July 101/4 The hair growing inside the ear should be regularly plucked out, a few hairs at a time. b. transitive. Physical Geography. Chiefly of glacier ice: to break loose and bear away (pieces of rock) by mechanical force; to erode (rock) by this process. Frequently with out, away. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > glaciation > [verb (transitive)] > specific processes score1862 quarry1874 pluck1893 sap1910 the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > pluck out grubc1320 pullc1390 decerp1531 excerpta1552 decerpta1631 pluck1893 1893 N. S. Shaler in Bull. Mus. Compar. Zoöl. Harvard 16 209 The pits which were left where masses of the rock were plucked out and borne away by the moving ice. 1915 L. V. Pirsson Text-bk. Ecol. I. v. 124 The ice at the bottom of the névé fields being frozen into cracks and cavities and around projections in its stony bed, when motion begins, ‘plucks’ or quarries masses of rock and takes them forward with it. 1930 C. R. Longwell et al. Outl. Physical Geol. iv. 43 In a stream flowing over horizontal layers of rock, corrasion along joints loosens large blocks, which are then torn or ‘plucked’ away by the current. 1955 M. Hollander tr. P. H. Kuenen Realms Water iv. 152 The glacier will from time to time pluck out large blocks from the lower part of the protuberance. 1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth xv. 220/2 Rocks have been plucked into characteristic glacial shapes. 2004 Marine Geol. 204 340/2 The ice..was able to pluck the strata exposed on the slope. c. transitive. Printing. Of ink: to adhere to and pull away (the surface of paper), as a fault during printing. Also intransitive: (of paper) to have the surface removed in this way. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > inking equipment > [verb (transitive)] > of ink: remove surface of paper pluck1960 1960 G. A. Glaister Gloss. Bk. 321/1 Plucking, a printing fault which is caused by the ink plucking the surface of the paper and leaving irregular white patches in printed areas. 1967 E. Chambers Photolitho-offset i. 6 If ‘washing-out’ were omitted, the resin would cause trouble by causing the paper to ‘pluck’, owing to the resin sticking to the paper when printing. 2. a. transitive. To pull off the fruit, hair, feathers, etc., from; to strip or make bare; esp. to strip (a bird) of feathers.to have a crow to pluck, to pluck a crow: see crow n.1 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > strip or make bare > by plucking pluckOE pook1633 OE Lambeth Psalter lxxix. 13 Vt quid destruxisti maceriam eius et uindemiant eam omnes qui praetergrediuntur uiam : to hwy towurpe þu his stanhege & hine [i.e. wingeard] plucciaþ uel & winhreafetiaþ ealle þa þe forþfaraþ uel þe wiðsteppaþ þone weg. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xii. 249 So is possessioun payne..To alle hem þat it holdeth, til her taille be plukked. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 405 Plukkyn [?a1475 Winch. Pluk] bryddys, excatheriso. a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 205 Thow plukkis the pultre and scho pullis of the penis. 1560 Bible (Geneva) Psalms lxxix. [lxxx.] 12 All thei, whiche passe by the waie, haue plucked her. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) v. i. 24 Since I pluckt Geese, plaide Trewant, and whipt Top. View more context for this quotation 1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick i. vi. 27 Take a Goose or Duck that is fat, pluck it and draw it. 1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper iii. 54 When you kill young Chickens, pluck them very carefully. 1841 W. H. Ainsworth Old St. Pauls II. 300 He had just..commenced plucking one of the geese. 1860 C. Reade Cloister & Hearth lv These monks would pluck Lucifer of his wing feathers. 1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xvi. 432 Before the dissection is begun, the bird should be thoroughly plucked. 1993 N.Y. Times 19 Oct. c11/1 We have gone..from the agony of plucking and cleaning chickens to the joy of buying them bare-bottom clean. b. transitive. To shape or thin (the eyebrows) by pulling out hairs. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the face > beautify (the face) [verb (transitive)] > apply cosmetics to the eyes > pluck eyebrows pluck?c1450 ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 67 (MED) She hadde..plucked her browes, front, and forehed, to haue awey the here. 1777 T. Percival Father's Instr. to Children 137 She had taken infinite pains to pluck her eyebrows, to change from red to auburne the colour of her hair, and to contract her bulk by the trammels of whalebone. 1851 Huron Reflector (Norwalk, Ohio) 15 July The girls are continually plucking their eyebrows that they may be thin and long. 1926 F. S. Fitzgerald Great Gatsby ii. 35 Her eyebrows had been plucked and then drawn on again at a more rakish angle. 1988 Patches 1 Apr. 20/4 Recently, my eyebrows have grown to meet in the middle. My mum says I should pluck them. 2004 Zaptoit (Nexis) 8 Dec. It was quite funny for me to see them plucking each other's eyebrows last week. 3. a. transitive. To take hold of and pull or tug at, esp. abruptly or with a jerk. Sometimes: spec. to pull (a person or animal) by a part of the body or clothing. to pluck the Proctor's gown: (in Oxford University; now rare) to challenge the granting of a degree to a person, whether or not the requisite examinations have been passed. (The practice, though long disused, is still theoretically possible.) ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > take degree [verb (transitive)] > confer degree on > challenge the awarding of a degree to pluck the Proctor's gown1846 c1330 (?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch.) in J. Zupitza Guy of Warwick (1891) 667 (MED) Be þe berd y schel him schake..So y schel him þer-bi ploke Þat al is teþ schel roke. a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) iv. 1403 In certayn I shal fonde Distorben hym and plukke hym by the sleve. ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 23 (MED) They..plucked eche other bi the here of the hede. a1500 (?a1400) Tale King Edward & Shepherd (Cambr.) (1930) 1068 (MED) The squyer..plucked þe scheperde be þe sleue For to speke hym with. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 154v To make them fyerce and curst, you must plucke them by the eares. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xiv. 34 By the kind Gods tis most ignobly done, to pluck me by the beard. View more context for this quotation 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xxiii. 85 Some of his friends pluckt him two or three times by the surplis for to make him give over. 1700 G. Farquhar Constant Couple iii. 25 Then comes a fine Italian Bona Roba, and plucks me by the Sleeve. 1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 184 Children..pluck'd his gown. 1846 J. R. McCulloch Descr. Acct. Brit. Empire (1854) II. 338 An ancient custom by which any one, who objected to a degree about to be conferred in congregation, notified his dissent by plucking the sleeve of the proctor's gown. 1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxxiv. 351 The old woman..plucked her by the skirts again.., imploring her to keep the money. 1862 Let. 8 May in H. L. Abbott & R. G. Scott Fallen Leaves (1991) 117 When I get back you shall be the only person who will dare to pluck me by the beard. 1919 Times 29 Oct. 10 Captain Sentry..plucked him by the elbow, and whispered something in his ear. 1936 Jrnl. Higher Educ. 7 227/1 Only a regent master can ‘pluck’ the proctor's gown. 1951 ‘N. Shute’ Round Bend iii. 73 Schafter plucked him by the arm and nodded, and then turned and ran aft. 1999 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 5 June b6 His Majesty had plucked the sleeve of one of the Guard on the left flank. b. intransitive. To pull sharply or forcibly, to tug (at something). Also: to make a sudden movement in order to grasp something; to snatch at. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (intransitive)] > pull > sharply twitchc1300 pluck?a1430 twanga1678 yank1822 pull1826 ?a1430 T. Hoccleve Mother of God l. 20 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 52 The feend..with his handes tweye, And his might, plukke wole at the balance. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 16 He [sc. the bear] wrastled and plucked so harde and so sore, that he gate out his heed. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. i. 206 Plucking to vnfix an enemy, He doth vnfasten so, and shake a friend. View more context for this quotation c1672 A. Wood Life 14 May anno 1657 (1891) I. 219 However he plucked at them [sc. bell-ropes] often with some of his fellow-colleagues for recreation sake. 1784 R. Cumberland Carmelite iv. 48 Vulture furies plucking at my heart! 1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 21 But when the children pluck'd at him to go, He laugh'd, and yielded readily to their wish. 1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island xxxiii. 274 Now and again I stumbled; and it was then that Silver plucked so roughly at the rope and launched at me his murderous glances. 1977 A. Tyler Earthly Possessions ii. 13 ‘Besides,’ she would say, plucking at the front of her dress. 2002 Richmond (Virginia) Times Dispatch (Nexis) 27 Oct. b1 Just as professionally, he dealt with the dozens of reporters plucking at his sleeve. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > other specific games > [noun] > others sitisota1400 papsea1450 half-bowl1477 pluck at the crow1523 white and black1555 running game1581 blow-pointa1586 hot cocklesa1586 one penny1585 cockelty bread1595 pouch1600 venter-point1600 hinch-pinch1603 hardhead1606 poor and rich1621 rowland-hoe1622 hubbub1634 handicap?a1653 owl1653 ostomachy1656 prelledsa1660 quarter-spellsa1660 yert-point1659 bob-her1702 score1710 parson has lost his cloak1712 drop (also throw) (the) handkerchief1754 French Fox1759 goal1765 warpling o' the green1768 start1788 kiss-in-the-ring1801 steal-clothes1809 steal-coat1816 petits paquets1821 bocce1828 graces1831 Jack-in-the-box1836 hot hand1849 sparrow-mumbling1852 Aunt Sally1858 gossip1880 Tambaroora1882 spoof1884 fishpond1892 nim1901 diabolo1906 Kim's game1908 beaver1910 treasure-hunt1913 roll-down1915 rock scissors paper1927 scissors cut paper1927 scissors game1927 the dozens1928 toad in the hole1930 game1932 scissors paper stone1932 Roshambo1936 Marco Polo1938 scavenger hunt1940 skish1940 rock paper scissors1947 to play chicken1949 sounding1962 joning1970 arcade game1978 1523 in Lett. & Papers Reign Henry VIII IV. i. 16 My Lade Priores..sais for all..your lordships instense to them off wark, tha [ed. za] doy play ploke at the crawe with hire..; tha [ed. za]..haid taken fray hire..40 threffe of attes. 1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1890) II. 81 Gif thai..imagin thame to rug of his clathis, as thai war playng with him,—pluk at the craw. 1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxii. 58 I traist in God that anis sall cum the day, Pluk at the Craw quhen barnis sall with yis bird. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > treating or processing wool > treat or process wool [verb (transitive)] > other seam1511 burl1650 pluck1695 trend1777 plank1839 carbonize1893 1695 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. III. v. 258 Those who deal about combing or plucking the Wool. e. transitive. To sound (the string of a musical instrument, etc.) with an abrupt pull or twitch, to twang; to play (a musical instrument, note, etc.) in this way. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing stringed instrument > play stringed instrument [verb (transitive)] > pluck harp1629 twitch1669 plunk1808 pick1848 pluck1873 tirl1882 1873 Littell's Living Age 8 Mar. 603/1 Independent phrases being managed by the left hand plucking the strings. 1879 F. Taylor in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 7/1 In the so-called Musical Box..a series of metal tongues are plucked by pins or studs fixed in a revolving barrel. 1893–7 J. S. Shedlock tr. K. W. J. H. Riemann Dict. Music 459/1 Lute.., a very old instrument, the strings of which were plucked by the fingers, like..the guitar, mandoline, etc. 1910 J. London Koolau the Leper in Sel. Stories (1982) 886 She plucked the strings of an ukulele and lifted her voice in a barbaric love-call. 1988 R. Christiansen Romantic Affinities iv. 170 Jane plucked a few chords and sang only popular ballads. 2002 Western Mail (Cardiff) (Nexis) 5 Dec. One might expect a page in this book for every Welsh musician who has ever plucked a guitar string in the past 40 years. 4. a. transitive. To pull with a sudden or forcible effort; to drag; to tug. Also: to take possession of by sudden action; to snatch; (sometimes) to steal. Frequently with off, on, up, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > pluck up courage [verb] findOE to take (in early use nim) heartc1275 to have the heartc1300 to hent one's heartc1325 to pull upa1393 to fang upa1400 pluckc1400 to take courage1490 to take heart of grace (and variants)c1520 to lift up one's heart, mind, soul1535 to get (also gather, keep, etc.) heart of grace1581 hearten1587 to pluck up one's courage1660 flesh1695 pluck up courage1726 to pick up1735 to call forth1802 to pluck up1827 to muster up1893 the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull teea900 drawOE tighta1000 towc1000 tirea1300 pullc1300 tugc1320 halea1393 tilla1400 tolla1400 pluckc1400 retract?a1475 hook1577 tew1600 hike1867 the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull > suddenly or sharply twickeOE plitchOE to-twitchc1175 twitchc1330 tricec1386 tita1400 pluckc1400 ramp1567 snatch1590 pook1633 squitch1680 twig1755 shrug1807 yank1848 c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xi. 109 (MED) Þe porter vnpynned þe ȝate And plukked in pauci priueliche. c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 197 (MED) He plukkid his hede so hastelie bakk at he brakk it behynd hym on þe wall. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 5 (MED) Þey sawe fully the toode sitting on his brest, And none of hem might pluk it awey with no crafte. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. v. f. vj Yf thy right eye offende the, plucke hym out and caste him from the. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxcv They plucke vp the drawe bridge immediatlye. 1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iii. sig. Hh.ii Whan she came to the ryuer..she feigned to plucke on her shoe. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 194 To pluk fra vs pure men our guddis. 1611 Bible (King James) John x. 29 No man is able to pluck them out of my Fathers hand. View more context for this quotation c1686 Depredations Clan Campbell (1816) 42 The mare was again pluckt from the ouner. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 176 He plucked off his own Coat,..and gave it him. a1713 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1714) 237 Then pressing..to the place where Morgan stood, he plucked him from thence. 1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan 268 Carter made four desperate efforts, to pluck the boy down, by mere bodily power and weight. 1876 Ld. Tennyson Harold v. ii. 160 Pluck the dead woman off the dead man, Malet! 1881 ‘M. Twain’ Prince & Pauper xv. 163 He is the stranger that plucked Giles Witt out of the Thames. 1917 E. R. Burroughs Princess of Mars iv. 38 We were immediately surrounded by hundreds of the creatures who seemed anxious to pluck me from my seat behind my guard. 1975 New Yorker 19 May 120/2 After the war, the son got a job at the American Embassy, and one day in 1948 was plucked off the street and taken to prison. 1992 S. Sontag Volcano Lover i. v. 76 The monkey put his paw on the Cavaliere's wig... The Cavaliere reached up to pluck him from his shoulder. 2004 Africa News (Nexis) 1 Dec. If a man can jump over the fence and pluck off a minister's flag from his car, how safe are MPs in this House? ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > seizing > seize [verb (intransitive)] fang1016 pluck?a1425 puckerow1843 the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (intransitive)] stealc725 thievec920 bribec1405 pluck?a1425 prowl1546 strike1567 to make away with1691 fake1819 snam1824 snig1862 to help oneself1868 boost1912 score1914 snoop1924 the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (intransitive)] > pull pullOE tirea1300 drawc1300 halea1393 pluck?a1425 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play at cards [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics pass1599 pluck1606 pulla1625 to play high1640 to follow suit1643 to play at forsat1674 lead1677 overdrawc1805 stand1813 retract1823 underplay1850 to hold up1879 to throw in one's hand1893 build1901 build-down1983 ?a1425 St. Lucy (Julius) 131 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S.-Eng. Legendary (1956) 570 (MED) Plukke [c1300 Harl. hi gonne to drawe & tuicche]. ?a1450 ( J. Lydgate Serpent of Division (McClean) (1911) 59 All be þat he plukked..hit wollde not availe. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxxxxvii. f. cxix Eueryche of theym was constrayned to plucke & stele from other. 1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xvi. 3 And euerie man dois pluke and pow, And that the pure may finde. 1606 N. Breton Choice, Chance, & Change sig. G1 He that wil not pluck for a card, is not worthie of a prime. a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aa/1 Woo'd any man, stand plucking for the Ace of Harts, With one packe of cards all dayes on's life? c. transitive. With down: to pull down or demolish (a building). Now rare (chiefly archaic and historical in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > break down, demolish, or ruin spillc950 fellOE to cast downc1230 destroy1297 to turn up?c1335 to throw down1340 to ding downc1380 to break downa1382 subverta1382 underturn1382 to take downc1384 falla1400 to make (a building, etc.) plain (with the earth)a1400 voida1400 brittenc1400 to burst downc1440 to pull downc1450 pluck1481 tumble1487 wreck1510 defacea1513 confound1523 raze1523 arase1530 to beat downc1540 ruinate1548 demolish1560 plane1562 to shovel down1563 race?1567 ruin1585 rape1597 unwall1598 to bluster down16.. raise1603 level1614 debolish1615 unbuilda1616 to make smooth work of1616 slight1640 to knock down1776 squabash1822 collapse1883 to turn over1897 mash1924 rubble1945 to take apart1978 1481 W. Cely Let. 13 May in Cely Lett. (1975) 105 Hys howsse..schall come to be pluckyd schorttly down. 1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student f. cxxxix Yf a man pluckyd downe hys house & sellyth yt. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Cvii They plucke downe townes, and leaue nothing stondynge. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Surrey 78 Otherwise (being now plucked down) the form and fashion thereof [i.e. of the Palace of Richmond] had for the future been forgotten. 1745 E. Haywood Female Spectator III. xv. 149 When he would erect or pluck down a building. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 85 A rampant heresy,..which might well deserve That we this night should pluck your palace down. 1878 R. Simpson School of Shakspere I. 8 He..ordered the church of Notre Dame of Boulogne to be plucked down, and a mount erected in its place. 1973 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 7 May 3 It isn't often that homes can be rebuilt after once they have been plucked down. 1994 R. Hutton Rise & Fall Merry Eng. iii. 81 The curate..stated firmly that all [statues] in the county were plucked down by mid-1548. d. transitive. To pull or tear asunder, in pieces, etc. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > tearing or tearing apart > tear [verb (transitive)] > tear apart to-loukc890 to-braidc893 to-tearc893 to-teec893 to-rendc950 to-breakc1200 to-tugc1220 to-lima1225 rivea1250 to-drawa1250 to-tosea1250 drawa1300 rendc1300 to-rit13.. to-rivec1300 to-tusec1300 rakea1325 renta1325 to-pullc1330 to-tightc1330 tirec1374 halea1398 lacerate?a1425 to-renta1425 yryve1426 raga1450 to pull to (or in) piecesc1450 ravec1450 discerp1483 pluck1526 rip1530 decerp1531 rift1534 dilaniate1535 rochec1540 rack1549 teasea1550 berend1577 distract1585 ream1587 distrain1590 unrive1592 unseam1592 outrive1598 divulse1602 dilacerate1604 harrow1604 tatter1608 mammocka1616 uprentc1620 divell1628 divellicate1638 seam-rend1647 proscind1659 skail1768 screeda1785 spret1832 to tear to shreds1837 ribbon1897 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxiii. 10 Lest Paul shuld have bene pluckte asondre off them. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 661/1 I prayed you to stretche it out a lytell, but nat to plucke it in peces. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Plucked in sunder, distractus. 1588 T. Hickock tr. C. Federici Voy. & Trauaile f. 1 At Feluchia the merchants plucke their boates in peeces. 1673 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words 132 Take a Rook and plucking it limbe from limbe, cast the several limbes about your field. 1751 E. Haywood Hist. Betsy Thoughtless III. i. 8 An infant..first playing with a new baby, and afterwards plucking it to pieces. 1870 Ld. Tennyson Holy Grail 80 Who wept and said, That save they could be pluck'd asunder, all My quest were but in vain. 1922 W. S. Davis Short Hist. Near East xxx. 339 By the Treaty of Berlin the pact of San Stefano was plucked to pieces. 1998 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 26 Apr. a1 A gargantuan crane that will pluck the building apart piece by piece. 5. figurative. a. transitive. To bring (a person or thing) forcibly into or out of a specified state or condition; †to bring (disaster, etc.) upon a person (obsolete). Now esp.: to snatch or rescue from danger, to take from obscurity, etc.Often still with some contextual reference to or suggestion of physical action; cf. sense 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] atbraidOE benimOE fornimOE to reach upOE reaveOE bilacchea1325 to take away1372 stealc1374 privea1387 beneme1387 reach?a1400 deprivec1400 subduce1434 embezzle1469 pluckc1475 fortakea1500 raima1500 devest1538 rig1573 imbolish1592 exact1660 drain1673 the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring (a person or thing) into a state or condition > put out of a state or condition to put out of ——c1425 pluckc1475 the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > have befallen as a misfortune to [verb (transitive)] > bring disaster upon doa1375 pluckc1475 ruin1558 tragedize1593 disaster1596 planet-strike1600 to bring to grief1850 to do in1905 to wreak havoc1926 the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] > rescue or carry off from reavec1225 werea1500 snatcha1616 to fetch off1648 surprise1687 pluck1719 c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) i. 52 (MED) Full preuyly þey pluckud þy power awey. 1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Matt. xi. 12 The kyngdome of heven suffreth violence, and they that go to it with violence pluck [1526 pull] it vnto them. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Rom. vii. f. xviiiv Fleashly luste pluckyng to euyll. 1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1890) II. 54 Thai nocht content..euir ar desyrous to eik sum thing to religioun, to change, or to pluk fra it. 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 2 You must conceiue them in mynde, plucking them by imagination from all matter. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. iii. 7 When yet hee was but tender-bodied..; when youth with comelinesse pluck'd all gaze his way. View more context for this quotation 1673 B. Makin Ess. to revive Antient Educ. Gentlewomen 27 One Athaliah, married to Joram, plucks ruine upon the House of Jehosaphat. 1719 E. Young Busiris v. 70 I leave a Mark behind, Shall pluck the shining Age from vulgar Time. 1828 A. M. Porter Coming Out in J. Porter & A. M. Porter Coming Out & Field of Forty Footsteps II. 188 The fear of plucking condemnation upon her own head by becoming his wife. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 124 ‘Hard task, to pluck resolve,’ I cried, ‘From emptiness and the waste wide Of that abyss, or scornful pride!’ 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. ix. 83 The grim life out of which she had plucked her brother. 1920 E. Wharton Age of Innocence xiii. 114 It was precisely the odd absence of surprise in her that gave him the sense of her having been plucked out of a very maelstrom. 1994 Arena Sept. 35/3 Tim Robbins stars as the goofball plucked from the mailroom obscurity to run the Hudsucker company. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > cause to be ill [verb (transitive)] > make weak fellOE wastec1230 faintc1386 endull1395 resolvea1398 afaintc1400 defeat?c1400 dissolvec1400 weakc1400 craze1476 feeblish1477 debilite1483 overfeeble1495 plucka1529 to bring low1530 debilitate1541 acraze1549 decaya1554 infirma1555 weaken1569 effeeble1571 enervate1572 enfeeble1576 slay1578 to pull downa1586 prosternate1593 shake1594 to lay along1598 unsinew1598 languefy1607 enerve1613 pulla1616 dispirit1647 imbecilitate1647 unstring1700 to run down1733 sap1755 reduce1767 prostrate1780 shatter1785 undermine1812 imbecile1829 disinvigorate1844 devitalize1849 wreck1850 atrophy1865 crumple1892 the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > humiliate [verb (transitive)] anitherOE fellOE lowc1175 to lay lowc1225 to set adownc1275 snuba1340 meekc1350 depose1377 aneantizea1382 to bring lowa1387 declinea1400 meekenc1400 to pull downc1425 avalec1430 to-gradea1440 to put downc1440 humble1484 alow1494 deject?1521 depress1526 plucka1529 to cut (rarely to cast down) the comb of?1533 to bring down1535 to bring basec1540 adbass1548 diminish1560 afflict1561 to take down1562 to throw down1567 debase1569 embase1571 diminute1575 to put (also thrust) a person's nose out of jointc1576 exinanite1577 to take (a person) a peg lower1589 to take (a person) down a peg (or two)1589 disbasea1592 to take (a person) down a buttonhole (or two)1592 comb-cut1593 unpuff1598 atterr1605 dismount1608 annihilate1610 crest-fall1611 demit1611 pulla1616 avilea1617 to put a scorn on, upon1633 mortify1639 dimit1658 to put a person's pipe out1720 to let down1747 to set down1753 humiliate1757 to draw (a person's) eyeteeth1789 start1821 squabash1822 to wipe a person's eye1823 to crop the feathers of1827 embarrass1839 to knock (also take, etc.) (a person) off his or her perch1864 to sit upon ——1864 squelch1864 to cut out of all feather1865 to sit on ——1868 to turn down1870 to score off1882 to do (a person) in the eye1891 puncture1908 to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908 to cut down to size1927 flatten1932 to slap (a person) down1938 punk1963 a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fiiii Nowe she wyll laughe, forthwith she wyll frowne Sodenly set vp and sodenly pluckyd downe. 1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus To Gentlem. Eng. Other that neuer learned to shote,..wyll be as busie as the best, but suche one commonly plucketh doune a syde. a1555 J. Bradford in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. xlv. 131 Other Men in Ingland, whose Stoutnes must be plucked lowe. 1567 Triall of Treasure sig. Eiiiv This-gere I suppose will plucke downe your fleshe. 1619 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Maides Trag. ii. sig. C4 She will plucke downe a side. 1628 W. Laud Diary 30 Sept. in Hist. Troubles (1695) 43 Tuesday, Septemb. ult. I was sore plucked with this Sickness. c1672 A. Wood Life 9 Apr. anno 1659 (1891) I. 277 A tertian ague..pluck'd downe his body much. 6. transitive. To rob, steal from; to swindle, fleece. Now rare (chiefly slang in later use).See also to pluck a pigeon at pigeon n. 6b. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > perpetrate (a swindle) [verb (transitive)] > defraud or swindle defraud1362 deceivec1380 plucka1500 lurch1530 defeata1538 souse1545 lick1548 wipe1549 fraud1563 use1564 cozen1573 nick1576 verse1591 rooka1595 trim1600 skelder1602 firk1604 dry-shave1620 fiddle1630 nose1637 foista1640 doa1642 sharka1650 chouse1654 burn1655 bilk1672 under-enter1692 sharp1699 stick1699 finger1709 roguea1714 fling1749 swindle1773 jink1777 queer1778 to do over1781 jump1789 mace1790 chisel1808 slang1812 bucket1819 to clean out1819 give it1819 to put in the hole1819 ramp1819 sting1819 victimize1839 financier1840 gum1840 snakea1861 to take down1865 verneuk1871 bunco1875 rush1875 gyp1879 salt1882 daddle1883 work1884 to have (one) on toast1886 slip1890 to do (a person) in the eye1891 sugar1892 flay1893 to give (someone) the rinky-dink1895 con1896 pad1897 screw1900 short-change1903 to do in1906 window dress1913 ream1914 twist1914 clean1915 rim1918 tweedle1925 hype1926 clip1927 take1927 gazump1928 yentz1930 promote1931 to take (someone) to the cleaners1932 to carve up1933 chizz1948 stiff1950 scam1963 to rip off1969 to stitch up1970 skunk1971 to steal (someone) blind1974 diddle- a1500 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 269 (MED) Paciencia is plukytt þat mony men hyme Lukys [perh. read Lothys]. 1569 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 70 To pluk and use piracie upoun the trew marchandis. 1630 T. Dekker Second Pt. Honest Whore v. ii. 97 I did pluck those Ganders, did rob them. 1777 P. Thicknesse Year's Journey France & Spain II. 230 Great Play is intended after supper: and..you are the marked pigeon to be plucked. 1805 Sporting Mag. 26 55 Her amiable companion..instead of helping to pluck her grace, never played for a guinea in the course of her life. 1843 G. W. Le Fevre Life Trav. Physician III. iii. x. 210 To allow a fair profit to the proprietor without plucking the traveller. 1882 F. Bock Littell's Living Age I. 14 Yes—ye-s!—a very weakling he was,—the boys plucked him nicely, eh? 1927 D. Hammett Big Knockover (1966) 298 But these bimbos once helped pluck a bank. 1964 T. M. Andersson Probl. Icelandic Saga Origins v. 90 Eiriks saga rauða and Grettis saga combine to show that when Landnáma was used, it was plundered wholesale and not plucked for an occasional name. 7. transitive. slang. to pluck a rose: (of a woman) to urinate or defecate. Now archaic and historical. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > [verb (intransitive)] to do one's business1596 to pluck a rose1613 to pay a call1648 to go backward1748 go1804 to do (one's) duty1935 to wash one's hands1938 to spend a penny1945 perform1963 1607 Dobsons Drie Bobbes xvi. sig. O2v One of the maides..went into the calfehouse to pul a rose, and as it woulde be, she pist into hir mistris necke vnknowne to hir.] 1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle ii. sig. D4 Then up and ride, Or if it please you walke for your repose, Or sit, or if you will go plucke a rose. 1665 C. Cotton Scarronnides 127 Forth of the morning doors she goes, In hasty wise, to pluck a Rose. 1735 J. Swift Panegyrick on D— in Wks. II. 290 The bashful Maid, to hide her Blush, Shall creep no more behind a Bush; Here unobserv'd, she boldly goes, As who should say, to pluck a Rose. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 203 Grieve not, gentle traveller, to let Madame de Rambouliet p-ss on—And, ye fair mystic nymphs! go each one pluck your rose. 1800 in Proc. Amer. Antiquarian Soc. (1897) 12 248 Mrs. M. having occasion to pluck a rose as is usual with delicate women after a ride of 22 miles. 1937 E. Partridge Dict. Slang 641/1 Pluck a rose, to visit the privy. 1996 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 9 Jan. 14 Guests in even the grandest country mansions used to be encouraged to use the garden. It was called going out to pluck a rose. 8. Chiefly slang. a. transitive. Originally in Oxford University: to reject (a candidate) as not reaching the required standard in an examination (now historical). Later in extended use: to reject (a candidate for any examination, for office, etc.); (more generally) to call to account, to reprimand. Frequently in passive.Originally a candidate might be plucked on grounds other than unsatisfactory performance in an examination. Cf. to pluck the Proctor's gown at sense 3a and plough v. 10. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > examination > examine a candidate [verb (transitive)] > fail a candidate to turn by1653 pluck1713 flunk1843 plough1854 spin1860 fail1884 pill1908 pip1908 zap1961 the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (intransitive)] > be dismissed or rejected to go whistle1453 to go hanga1616 pluck1772 to be left in the basketa1845 to go (also be thrown, etc.) out (of) the window1913 to be out (of) the window1938 to get knotted1963 1713 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1898) IV. 172 Dr. Lancaster, when Batchelor of Arts, was pluck'd for his Declamation. 1721 N. Amhurst Terræfilius No. 50 (1754) 273 Mr. Scurlock, A.B. fellow of Jesus-college, and a member of the constitution-club was pluck'd, (i.e. disgraced, and forbid to proceed in performing his exercise) for mentioning the word king in his declamation. 1772 T. Nugent tr. J. F. de Isla Hist. Friar Gerund I. 538 Notwithstanding his having been plucked three times in the examination for the subdiaconate. 1820 Gentleman's Mag. 90 i. 32/2 To expend vast sums in the education of sons, who when they apply for degrees, are plucked. 1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. v. i. 461 Those who fail in showing such an amount of proficiency as, in the opinion of the examiners, entitles them to their degree, are said, in the language of the place, to be ‘plucked’. 1858 Atlantic Monthly Jan. 355/2 As I never had the remotest intention of standing an examination, there was no danger of my being ‘plucked’. 1878 H. O. Flipper Colored Cadet at West Point 114 The disgrace of being ‘found’ (a cadet term equivalent to the old college word ‘plucked’). 1914 ‘I. Hay’ Lighter Side School Life vii. 191 If he gets plucked in his examinations, you send him home to me, and I'll bile him! 1938 H. L. Mencken Diary 25 Nov. (1989) 115 She never got her degree. Dr. J. Whitridge Williams, head of the department of obstetrics, plucked her in that subject. 1984 N. Annan Leslie Stephen (rev. ed.) i. 26 Below him [sc. the Wooden Spoon] lay the hapless men who were gulfed, or allowed degrees, and those who were plucked outright. b. transitive. U.S. Military. To require (an officer) to retire. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > discharge from service > [verb (transitive)] cash1564 cast1587 cashier1599 to muster out of service1834 retire1852 pluck1911 1909 Lima (Ohio) Times-Democrat 30 June 1/6 Five rear admirals appointed annually and dubbed the ‘plucking board’ because it is their duty to single out the necessary number of officers for retirement will meet next Friday.] 1911 Washington Post 4 July 1/4 The unusually small number of natural vacancies and voluntary retirements made it necessary for the elimination board to ‘pluck’ fourteen officers. 1941 Sun (Baltimore) 5 Aug. 11/3 It is highly unlikely that the army will make announcement of the officers who are being ‘plucked’ under the recent act permitting the Secretary of War to retire those whom a board has decreed to be ‘unsuited for further active duty’. 1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) Plucked after 20 years of service and sent into involuntary retirement. Phrasal verbs With adverbs in specialized senses. to pluck up 1. transitive. to pluck up (one's) courage (also heart, resolution, spirits, etc.): to summon up courage, strength, etc., take courage; to raise one's spirits, cheer up. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > pluck up courage [verb] findOE to take (in early use nim) heartc1275 to have the heartc1300 to hent one's heartc1325 to pull upa1393 to fang upa1400 pluckc1400 to take courage1490 to take heart of grace (and variants)c1520 to lift up one's heart, mind, soul1535 to get (also gather, keep, etc.) heart of grace1581 hearten1587 to pluck up one's courage1660 flesh1695 pluck up courage1726 to pick up1735 to call forth1802 to pluck up1827 to muster up1893 c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) 1177 (MED) Pluk vp þi cher. c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 2507 (MED) Confort þi self, pluk vp þin herte Swich mourning þan wil þe smerte. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xvi. 72 Languysshe no more, but plucke vp thyne herte. 1562 Bp. J. Pilkington Expos. Abdyas Pref. 9 Let us therefore pluck vp stomackes, and pray with S. Augustine. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. iii. 38 Plucke vp thy spirits, looke cheerfully vpon me. View more context for this quotation 1660 C. Ellis Gentile Sinner 239 Let them pluck up their Courage, and make it appeare to the World, that they have yet something of a Noble and Generous Spirit within their breasts. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 210 Plucking up my Spirits as well as I could. 1794 R. B. Sheridan Duenna (new ed.) ii. 33 I'll pluck up resolution. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 376 Æthelred seems now to have plucked up a little heart. 1869 A. Trollope He knew he was Right II. lv. 47 She could not pluck up courage to speak a word in Italian. 1910 ‘Saki’ Reginald in Russia 104 The little Lemberg négociant plucked up heart. 1960 W. Harris Palace of Peacock i. 17 I plucked up courage to express my inner thoughts. a1978 S. T. Warner One Thing leading to Another (1985) 165 Mousie plucked up her spirits and re-addressed herself to the duties of a sovereign. 2004 Aberdeen Evening Express (Nexis) 8 Dec. 14 She started going out for walks and plucked up courage to join a gym. 2. transitive. To pull up; to pull (a thing) out of the place in which it is planted or set; to uproot; to eradicate; to raze, demolish. Cf. sense 4a. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > eradicate or extirpate fornimOE to put awaya1382 outroot?a1425 unroot?a1425 out-razec1425 to pluck up1484 avell1530 sweep1560 depopulate1576 ruina1586 assoil1596 to lay aside1596 untop1598 displant1603 float1606 to take off1619 amolish1624 uproota1639 eradicate1647 to lay by1681 to polish off1827 uprend1911 to zero out1951 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope i. xx [The swallow said] Come with me ye al & lete vs plucke vp al this [flax]. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos iv. 18 To arache or plucke vp a gretter tree. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Eccl. iii. 1 There is a tyme to plant, and a tyme to plucke vp the thinge, yt is planted. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 158 All fortresses and defences by them there made, were plucked vp and destroyed. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 205 Vnto the tyme quhen hæresie pluked vpe al monumentes of pietie in Scotland. 1680 in N. Bouton Provinc. Papers New-Hampsh. (1867) I. 391 Whosoever shall willfully pluck up, remove or deface any Landmark or bound betweene propertie and propertie. 1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Pract. Treat. Husbandry ii. i. 114 We plucked up..some of the most thriving plants. 1844 E. B. Barrett Lady Geraldine's Courtship in Poems I. 238 I plucked up her social fictions. 1879 H. James Confidence II. xxii. 49 He would let the flower bloom for a day before plucking it up by the root. 1995 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 7 Dec. e1 He plucked up a small fir tree, placed it in the nursery and decorated the branches with candles. 3. intransitive. To recover strength or vigour; to raise one's spirits; to summon one's courage; to take heart. Cf. sense 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > pluck up courage [verb] findOE to take (in early use nim) heartc1275 to have the heartc1300 to hent one's heartc1325 to pull upa1393 to fang upa1400 pluckc1400 to take courage1490 to take heart of grace (and variants)c1520 to lift up one's heart, mind, soul1535 to get (also gather, keep, etc.) heart of grace1581 hearten1587 to pluck up one's courage1660 flesh1695 pluck up courage1726 to pick up1735 to call forth1802 to pluck up1827 to muster up1893 1827 C. S. Talbot Squire Hartley i. 19 By the light of Moses, if I don't think he's got away—..if so, I'll begin to pluck up a bit. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xiv. 125 The worthy Mr. Lillyvick..plucked up amazingly. 1890 W. C. Russell Marriage at Sea I. i. 10 But she had plucked up as she drew towards the close of her letter. 1901 G. B. Shaw Caesar & Cleopatra iii. 153 He eats another date, and plucks up a little. 1999 Univ. Wire (California) (Nexis) 22 Nov. We got chewed out at halftime and that fires you up. We plucked up a little. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.11440n.21808v.OE |
随便看 |
|
英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。