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单词 pluck
释义

pluckn.1

Brit. /plʌk/, U.S. /plək/
Forms: late Middle English placke (probably transmission error), late Middle English ploke, late Middle English pluk, late Middle English plukke, late Middle English– pluck, 1500s–1600s plucke, 1600s plux (plural); Scottish pre-1700 pluk, pre-1700 1700s– pluck, 1700s pluek, 1800s plook, 1800s plouk, 1900s– plick, 1900s– plukk (Shetland).
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pluck v.
Etymology: < pluck v. Compare Middle Dutch pluc handful, flock (of wool) (Dutch pluk).Earlier currency is perhaps implied by the surnames Joh. Plukling (c1311), Johannes Pluck (1350–1).
I. An act of plucking.
1.
a. A sudden sharp pull, esp. of something of which one has just taken hold (formerly †spec. in wrestling or manual combat); a tug, jerk, or snatch.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > [noun] > pulling > a sudden or sharp pull
tita1425
pluck1440
twitching1478
twitch?1523
tuck1648
twang1721
twiga1800
twerk1820
yank1888
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 405 Pluk, or plukkynge, tractus.
a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 91, in Middle Eng. Dict. at Pluk(ke Be-twene tweyne stryueres or wrasteleres, he is holde þe strenger þat is not broken ne sone ouercome with none harde plukkes ne pulles.
c1450 Treat. Fishing in J. McDonald et al. Origins of Angling (1963) 157 (MED) For þe floote, plumbe hym so hevy þat þe lest ploke of any fysche may pluke hym doune yn-to þe watur.
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) 1611 (MED) The Giaunt hym ayen smate Thorough his sheld and his plate..And sith he pullith at his croke..oute myȝt he gete it nought..Glad pluckys there he toke.
1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Atenazadas With plucks of pincers.
1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads (1677) 246 To th' ground Patroclus fetcht him with a pluck.
1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) ii. 58 The Plucks and Attractions of the motory Muscles.
1782 F. Burney Cecilia III. v. i. 12 Little dog gave it a pluck; knot slipt.
1863 T. Woolner My Beautiful Lady 92 Her breath caught with short plucks and fast, Then one hot choking strain.
1889 J. McCarroll Madeline & Other Poems 163 A sweet, little darling.., Who is hovering about me from morning till night, With a hug or a kiss, or a pluck at my coat.
1904 M. Gallichan Fishing Spain 77 It was not long before I felt a pluck at the line.
1986 Punch Winter 9/3 I felt a pluck upon my sleeve.
2003 Irish News (Nexis) 30 Aug. 36 After two or so hours of covering all the best drifts and having neither seen a tail or felt a pluck.
b. figurative. A bout, a tussle; an attempt, a ‘go’. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > spell or bout of action
turnc1230
heatc1380
touch1481
pluck?1499
push?1560
bout1575
yoking1594
pull1667
tirl1718
innings1772
go1784
gamble1785
pop1839
run1864
gang1879
inning1885
shot1939
the world > action or operation > endeavour > [noun] > an attempt
tastec1330
assayc1386
proffera1400
proof?a1400
pluck?1499
saymenta1500
minta1522
attemptate1531
attempt1548
attemption1565
say1568
trice1579
offer1581
fling1590
tempt1597
essay1598
trial1614
tentative1632
molition1643
conamen1661
put1661
tentamen1673
conatus1722
shot1756
go1784
ettle1790
shy1824
hack1830
try1832
pop1839
slap1840
venture1842
stagger1865
flutter1874
whack1884
whirl1884
smack1889
swipe1892
buck1913
lash1941
wham1957
play1961
?1499 J. Skelton Bowge of Courte (de Worde) sig. Biijv Lete vs laugh a placke [1568 plucke] or tweyne at nale.
?1562 Thersytes sig. C.i Nowe with my sworde haue at the a plucke.
c1567 Queen Elizabeth Let. in Nugæ Antiquæ (1769) I. 138 He, of base and basterdlye mynde that wrestells a pluck with the world's order, conceyves therof an evill opynion.
1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. 178 (margin) They being come to By-path Stile, have a mind to have a pluck [printed apluck] with Gyant-Dispair. View more context for this quotation
1691 T. Shadwell Scowrers iv. i. 33 Haste and lock 'em up again, I'll try a pluck with ye.
1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World I. 222 There is no work whatsoever but he can criticise..even though you wrote in Chinese, he would have a pluck at you.
1822 R. Nares Gloss. at Pluck A turn, or set-to.
1864 J. S. Le Fanu Wylder's Hand (1898) 197 Every fellow, particularly these gentlemanlike fellows, they have a pluck at you when they can.
c. Scottish pluck-up fair n. a general scramble for booty or goods; a free-for-all. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > sacking, raiding, or looting > [noun] > general scramble for booty
pluck-up fair1573
1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxix. 199 Than on the morne thay maid the pluk vp fair..Vpone that spuilȝe I will spend na tyme.
1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxix. 341 Quhar as he fand vs at the plukup fair.
a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) IV. 400 Sindrie naughtie..strangers..inritched in the pluck up faire of Sanct Barthlemew in France.
d. Nautical. Also pluck-up. A pull, a tow.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > propelling other than by sail or oars > [noun] > towing > a tow
tow1622
pluck1894
1894 Pall Mall Mag. Nov. 380 A little lugger hanging on astern [of the tug] to get a ‘pluck-up’ towards home.
1897 J. Conrad Nigger of ‘Narcissus’ ii. 19 The short black tug gave a pluck to windward.
1918 Yachting Monthly Jan. 155 (caption) A pluck out of dock, a fishing permit and a light breeze.
1934 ‘Taffrail’ Seventy North iii. 57 D'ye want a rope's end, ole pal? We'll give ye a pluck home!
1964 Roving Comm. 1963 176 A feeble little motor-boat gave us a half-hearted pluck and went away.
2. colloquial. The act of rejecting an examination candidate; the fact of failing to pass an examination. Cf. pluck v. 8a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > marks > failing a candidate
plucking1837
pluck1852
plough1863
ploughing1882
society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > marks > failure of candidate
deplumation1834
fizzle1846
flunk1846
pluck1852
fail1944
1852 H. Smythies Bride Elect xlvi Visions of a pluck danced before the weary eyes of tutor and pupil.
1860 A. Jessopp Middle-class Exams. 12 The proportion of the plucks to the passes.
1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. cii. 447 Nearly all American students do graduate.., the proportion of plucks in the later examinations is small.
II. Viscera; courage.
3.
a. The heart, liver, lungs, and other viscera of an animal, as used for food.In quot. 1674 figurative: the inward part, essence.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > part or joint of animal > [noun] > pluck, offal, or tripe
tripea1300
numblesc1330
tripea1400
chitterling?c1400
giblet14..
hasletc1400
umbles14..
womb cloutc1400
garbage1422
offala1425
interlardc1440
hinge1469
draught?a1475
mugget1481
paunch1512
purtenance1530
pertinence1535
chawdron1578
menudes1585
humblesa1592
gut?1602
pluck1611
sheep's-pluck1611
fifth quarter1679
trail1764
fry1847
chitling1869
small goods1874
black tripe1937
variety meat1942
the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > [noun] > that which is within > interior part(s)
inwardness1388
entrail?c1400
entrail1434
bowel1548
pluck1611
viscera1709
embowelment1821
internals1899
innards1903
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Ventresque,..th'offals..of an (edible) creature; as a calues pluck.
1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 23 It may be boiled as that of other beasts, and eaten with butter and vineger; so the plux.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 57 You must not pull out the pluck of it, and make it quite another thing from number.
1737 in J. Colville Ochtertyre House Bk. of Accomps (1907) 38 The vealls pluck and fraize.
a1756 E. Haywood New Present (1771) 19 The pluck contains the heart, liver, lights, melt, and skirt.
1832 W. Stephenson Coll. Local Poems, Songs, &c. 95 For to make us some pottage, There'll be a sheep's head and a pluck.
1904 Edinb. Evening News 28 June 3 The Sheriff inquired the meaning of the word ‘pluck’. The prosecutor explained that it referred to the internal organs which could be removed at one pull or pluck.
1955 F. G. Ashbrook Butchering vii. 115 To remove the pluck (heart and lungs), cut the white part of the diaphragm.
1984 Gainesville (Florida) Sun 29 Mar. 19 b/4 Haggis is the pluck (lungs, liver and heart) of a sheep or a calf, which are chopped or ground and combined with beef suet and oatmeal.
2004 Scotl. on Sunday (Nexis) 11 Jan. 1 He ‘knows a man who knows a man’ who can get illicit lung and other ‘pluck’—offal meat—from the sheep.
b. In extended use: the entrails of a person. Now rare (chiefly regional in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > internal organs > [noun]
innethc888
guta1000
inwardc1000
inwarda1300
entrailc1330
innerera1340
entraila1382
inwardness1388
bowelc1440
paunch?c1475
umbles1536
parts entire1596
inmeat1616
in-parta1629
internalsa1629
giblet1647
viscera1651
pluck1711
viscus1728
inside1741
trollibags1824
innards1825
interior1835
splanchnology1842
work1884
1646 Britanicus his Blessings 5 Six Anabaptists hearts with Garlick stuck: two Jesuites braines, a sincere Brownists Pluck, Stew'd in a Traitours skull with sublimates: We with this Hogoost poyson many a State.
1700 T. Brown Infallible Astrologer 29 Oct.–5 Nov. 1 Tradesmen flock in their Morning-gowns to the Purl-houses by Seven, to cool their Plucks.
1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 16 Mar. (1948) I. 218 It vexes me to the pluck that I should lose walking this delicious day.
1770 T. Bridges Burlesque Transl. Homer II. xi. 239 Boaking as if I'd bring my pluck up.
c1861 J. T. Staton Loominary 117 Dunno let it meighdur thy yed nor potter thy plucks.
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 467 I saw..five unpleasant-looking objects stuck on sticks. They were the livers and lungs, and in fact the plucks, of witch-doctors.
1913 W. R. Melvin Caller Herrin' 32 A'll tak' the pluck o' the last wan o' ye.
2010 M. Williams Down among Dead Men iii. 14 He had released all Mr Evans' organs from his body, and was now holding what he told me was referred to as the ‘pluck’.
4.
a. colloquial. Courage, originally viewed as residing in the heart; boldness, spirit; tenacity in adversity.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > spirit > [noun]
hearteOE
spirita1382
fierceness1490
stomach?1529
spritec1540
fire1579
mettle1581
rage1590
brave-spiritednessa1617
lion-heart1667
game1747
spunk1773
pluck1785
gameness1810
ginger1836
pluckiness1846
gimp1901
ticker1930
cojones1932
1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (at cited word) He wants pluck, he is a coward.
1808 Sporting Mag. 32 34 Inferior in science, and what is technically called pluck, to no one.
1813 R. Wilson Jrnl. in Life Gen. Sir R. Wilson (1862) II. 446 If the enemy have the pluck and force which I expect to find.
1821 T. Carlyle Early Lett. (1886) I. 359 I have no pluck in me for such things at present.
1835 B. Disraeli Let. 9 May All men agree I have shown pluck.
1879 G. A. Sala in Illustr. London News 1 Nov. 406/1 Yes! the British word ‘pluck’ is the word to use. ‘Courage’, ‘bravery’, ‘heroism’ are all too feeble.
1919 P. G. Wodehouse Their Mutual Child ii. x. 233 If I had had the pluck of a rabbit I'd have done this myself six months ago.
1946 C. Bush Case Second Chance iv. 60 He realised he'd told us a lie and I admire his pluck in acknowledging the fact.
2004 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 4 Dec. 13 It [sc. the play] is..a salute to the sheer pluck of those who valiantly kept the flame of culture alight in the darkest years of the war.
b. colloquial. Boldness or clarity in a photographic image. Cf. plucky adj. 1b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [noun] > state of being clearly visible > sharpness or definition > due to contrast
projection1619
relief1776
pluck1889
1889 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 253 I also saw other negatives of the same scenes developed with potash; they..gave pictures of greater snap, what some call ‘pluck’.
1894 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. 41 49 The image will have more pluck and a larger range of gradation.
c. U.S. slang (chiefly in African-American usage). Wine.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > [noun]
wine805
juicea1387
shrab1477
Bacchus1508
the spirit (also sprite) of the buttery1530
Lyaeus1602
vintage1604
Septembral juice (or liquor)1609
grape1636
cellar physic1697
rosy1840
pluck1904
pinard1917
vino1919
1904 H. F. Day Kin o' Ktaadn 33 And the brand of pluck they sell at bars.
1967 Trans-action Apr. 8/1 The dudes ‘rap’ and ‘jive’ (talk), gamble, and drink their ‘pluck’ (usually a cheap, sweet wine).
1973 Black World July 55/1 We want some pluck man, got any scratch?
1994 ‘Dr. John’ & J. Rummel Under Hoodoo Moon (1995) 9 There was an old guy named Gutierrez who used to hang out there, drinking his pluck.
III. A thing which is or has been plucked.
5. Perhaps: a small rope attached to a bell-rope. Cf. imp n.1 7a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > bell > [noun] > other parts
yokeOE
stirrup1341
cod1379
bell-string1464
frame1474
stock1474
ear1484
poop1507
bell-wheel1529
skirt1555
guarder1583
imp1595
tab1607
jennet1615
pluck1637
bell-rope1638
cagea1640
cannon1668
stilt1672
canon1688
crown1688
sound-bow1688
belfry1753
furniture1756
sounding bow1756
earlet1833
brima1849
busk-board1851
headstock1851
sally hole1851
slider1871
mushroom head1872
sally beam1872
pit1874
tolling-lever1874
sally-pin1879
sally-pulley1901
sally-wheel1901
1637 Parish Acct. Wragby, Yorks. (MS) Itm for two bellropes and one plucke..0. 5. 5.
1639 Parish Acct. Wragby, Yorks. (MS) Itm for 5 plucks and nailes..0. 01. 7.
6. Fishing. A herring which has been damaged while being caught.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > order Clupeiformes > [noun] > family Clupeidae and herrings > member of > in bad condition
keltc1340
cropshin1599
pluck1758
1758 R. Griffiths Descr. Thames 227 Fishers distinguish their Herrings into six different Sorts: As the Fat Herring..; the Meat Herring..; the Night Herring..; the Pluck, which has received some Damage from the Nets.
a1899 D. Nicolson MS Coll. Caithness Words in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 556/2 [Caithness] Pluck, herring when stuck so fast in the net that they cannot be shaken out have to be plucked out by hand. In doing this their heads are often taken off, or they are otherwise injured.
1972 J. Ross Select. Caithness Dial. Words in D. Omand Caithness Bk. 253 Pluck,..a broken herring, broken because of having been plucked from the net.
7. Spinning. The fibres plucked from combed wool. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [noun] > wool > refuse
noils1623
pinions1670
backings1780
pluck1825
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 389 In hand-spinning, the pluck, that is, the portion plucked from the sliver or combed wool.
IV. Something used for plucking.
8. Scottish. A two-pronged fork with the teeth at right angles to the shaft, for moving dung, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > fork > dung-fork
muck-hook1300
muck-forkc1350
muck-hack1362
dung pick1381
dung fork1397
muck crook1446
graip1459
muck-crome1501
muck-drag1545
shed-spade1559
pluck1825
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Pluck, a two-pronged instrument, with the teeth at right angles to the shaft, used for taking dung out of a cart, &c.
1877 Trans. Highl. Soc. 86 A croman or half-mattock, like a pluck for turnips, but much larger.
1906 Banffshire Jrnl. 12 June 2 I see ye raxin wi' the pluck An' haulin' oot the strong neep muck.
1951 Press & Jrnl. (Aberdeen) 11 Jan. The laborious howkin' for neeps with an old-fashioned ‘pluck’ from frost-bound and iron-hard ground.

Compounds

pluck side n. Physical Geography the jagged lee (or downstream) side of a roche moutonnée from which rock has been plucked by a glacier (opposed to scour side).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > rock formations > [noun] > roche moutonnée > downstream side of
pluck side1905
lee side1920
1905 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 13 6 We will no longer call the two sides of a roche moutonnée ‘push side’ and ‘lee side’, but we prefer the expressions ‘scour side’ and ‘pluck side’ introduced by Shaler.
1942 C. A. Cotton Climatic Accidents Landscape-making xviii. 244 The lee side is termed also the ‘pluck’ side.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

pluckn.2

Origin: Of unknown origin.
Etymology: Origin unknown. Perhaps compare Scottish Gaelic ploc club (see plug n.).Perhaps compare also Shetland Scots plukk codling (apparently a variant of northern Scots block, in the same sense; of uncertain origin).
Scottish. Obsolete.
The pogge or armed bullhead (a fish), Agonus cataphractus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > member of family Agonidae (poacher)
poggea1672
armour-fish1747
pluck1808
sea-poacher1811
poacher1961
1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Pluck, the Pogge, a fish; small and ugly, supposed by the fishers to be poisonous.
1811 P. Neill in Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. 1 534 Cottus..cataphractus. Pogge or Armed Bullhead;..Pluck... This is often taken in oyster-dredges and herring-nets, but is detested by the fishermen.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

pluckv.

Brit. /plʌk/, U.S. /plək/
Forms:

α. Old English pluccian, Middle English ploukked (past tense), Middle English pulke (perhaps transmission error), Middle English–1500s pluk, Middle English–1500s pluke, Middle English–1500s plukke, Middle English–1600s plucke, Middle English– pluck, 1500s–1600s pluct (past tense and past participle), 1500s–1600s pluc't (past tense and past participle); Scottish pre-1700 plouk, pre-1700 plucke, pre-1700 pluik, pre-1700 pluk, pre-1700 pluke, pre-1700 1700s– pluck.

β. Old English ploccian, early Middle English plockie, Middle English plocke, Middle English plokke, Middle English (1500s Scottish) ploke.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with West Frisian ploaitsje (also plōkje ; past tense and past participle plōke or ploaite ), Middle Dutch plocken , Middle Low German plocken , also (perhaps < Middle Low German or Old English) Old Icelandic plokka , plukka , Old Swedish plokka , plukka (Swedish plocka ), Old Danish ploccæ (Danish plukke ), and also (from a variant of the same base with suffix causing i-mutation) plitch v. and the cognates listed at that entry; further etymology uncertain; perhaps related to the following group of words in the Romance languages: Old French peluchier to untangle hair (12th cent.), (of a bird) to preen (13th cent.), to peck (13th cent.), Anglo-Norman plucher to shell (nuts) (c1290), Old Occitan pelugar , pelucar to preen, to remove (feathers or hair) (both 13th cent.; Occitan pelugar , pelucar ), Catalan pellucar to take things (especially food) one by one or in small quantities (13th cent.), Italian piluccare to pick and eat grapes one by one, to nibble, to exploit (14th cent.), and also (compare ex- prefix1) Old French, Middle French espeluchier (French éplucher ) (reflexive, of an animal) to clean itself of vermin or dirt (12th cent.), to ruffle, tousle, to examine carefully (13th cent.), Middle French esplucher (French éplucher ) to strip (fabric, etc.) of foreign matter (1508), Middle French espelucher , esploucher (French éplucher ) to peel or shell (vegetables, nuts, etc.) (16th cent.). For further forms related to these see Französisches etymologisches Wörterbuch at pĭlūcare, where the prevailing view is given that the Romance words are < an unattested post-classical Latin *piluccare < classical Latin pilāre (see pill v.3), with unexplained ending (perhaps showing an iterative formation on an unattested *pilucare , itself modelled ultimately on mandūcāre manducate v. beside mandere), and that the Germanic words ultimately show a borrowing of this. (However, some of the Romance forms pose formal difficulties for this explanation. For an alternative view compare J. Coromines Diccionari etimològic i complementari de la llengua catalana VI. (1986) at pellucar.)Use in sense 8a has frequently been regarded as arising from the phrase to pluck the Proctor's gown at sense 3a, but the chronology of the examples would suggest otherwise. In Old English the prefixed form apluccian to pick out, gather (compare a- prefix1 ) is also attested.
To pull.
1.
a. transitive. To pull off (a fruit, hair, feather, etc.) from where it grows; to pick off or out; to pick or gather. Also intransitive.In quot. OE1 figurative; in quot. 1945: to allow of being plucked or picked.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by plucking or picking > from a natural source
gatherOE
pluckOE
picka1393
take1477
cull1637
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > become displaced [verb (intransitive)] > be removed or taken away > admit of being plucked
pluck1945
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xiv. 294 Þa lareowas an Godes cyrcan, þe plucciað, þa cwydas þæra apostola.
OE Harley Gloss. (1966) 137 Discerpit .i. deuorat, carpit, lacerat, toslit, ploccaþ, discernit.
OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xii. 1 Hig ongunnun pluccian [c1200 Hatton plockien] þa ear & ætan.
c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1906) 9* M[an]. of walnote-tre plukith [Fr. pluche] note.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) Luke vi. 1 Whanne he passide by cornes, his disciplis pluckeden [L. vellebant] eeris.
c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. vi. 69 Loke þou plukke [v.r. pulke; c1400 C text plocke] no plantis þere.
c1475 Antichrist & Disciples in J. H. Todd Three Treat. J. Wycklyffe (1851) p. cxxxviii Þei..leten here shep perishen & taken of hem & plucken a wey þe wolle as non herdis.
a1500 in R. L. Greene Early Eng. Carols (1977) 257 (MED) The leuis of de brere bryght Byt ysclydyn owt of his sclym, To hele here sores det byght of might, An we plokyt hym yn tyme.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 165 Thay can nocht pluk ane lytill hair Furth of our heid, nor do vs deir.
1611 Bible (King James) Gen. viii. 11 In her mouth was an Oliue leafe pluckt off.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) ii. iv. 30 Let him..From off this Bryer pluck a white Rose with me. View more context for this quotation
1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar i. 6 Jewels, Rings, and bobbing Pearls Pluck'd from Moores ears.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 2 I pluck'd above Five different Sorts..as Wild-Time, Lavender, Rosemary, Balme and Mirtle.
1779 J. Duché Disc. I. xv. 293 He plucks and eats, but still remains unsatisfied.
1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. v. 379 The mistletoe is still hung up..and the young men have the privilege of kissing the girls under it, plucking each time a berry from the bush.
1868 H. Law Beacons of Bible (1869) 18 She lusted and plucked.
1897 Dict. National Biogr. at Shakespeare, William The scene..where white and red roses are plucked as emblems of the rival political parties.
1945 H. J. Massingham Wisdom of Fields viii. 163 It plucked dead ripe.
1947 Nucleonics Dec. 40/1 The steel has been plucked out of the surface.
1999 Dogs in Canada July 101/4 The hair growing inside the ear should be regularly plucked out, a few hairs at a time.
b. transitive. Physical Geography. Chiefly of glacier ice: to break loose and bear away (pieces of rock) by mechanical force; to erode (rock) by this process. Frequently with out, away.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > glaciation > [verb (transitive)] > specific processes
score1862
quarry1874
pluck1893
sap1910
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > pluck out
grubc1320
pullc1390
decerp1531
excerpta1552
decerpta1631
pluck1893
1893 N. S. Shaler in Bull. Mus. Compar. Zoöl. Harvard 16 209 The pits which were left where masses of the rock were plucked out and borne away by the moving ice.
1915 L. V. Pirsson Text-bk. Ecol. I. v. 124 The ice at the bottom of the névé fields being frozen into cracks and cavities and around projections in its stony bed, when motion begins, ‘plucks’ or quarries masses of rock and takes them forward with it.
1930 C. R. Longwell et al. Outl. Physical Geol. iv. 43 In a stream flowing over horizontal layers of rock, corrasion along joints loosens large blocks, which are then torn or ‘plucked’ away by the current.
1955 M. Hollander tr. P. H. Kuenen Realms Water iv. 152 The glacier will from time to time pluck out large blocks from the lower part of the protuberance.
1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth xv. 220/2 Rocks have been plucked into characteristic glacial shapes.
2004 Marine Geol. 204 340/2 The ice..was able to pluck the strata exposed on the slope.
c. transitive. Printing. Of ink: to adhere to and pull away (the surface of paper), as a fault during printing. Also intransitive: (of paper) to have the surface removed in this way.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > inking equipment > [verb (transitive)] > of ink: remove surface of paper
pluck1960
1960 G. A. Glaister Gloss. Bk. 321/1 Plucking, a printing fault which is caused by the ink plucking the surface of the paper and leaving irregular white patches in printed areas.
1967 E. Chambers Photolitho-offset i. 6 If ‘washing-out’ were omitted, the resin would cause trouble by causing the paper to ‘pluck’, owing to the resin sticking to the paper when printing.
2.
a. transitive. To pull off the fruit, hair, feathers, etc., from; to strip or make bare; esp. to strip (a bird) of feathers.to have a crow to pluck, to pluck a crow: see crow n.1 3b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > strip or make bare > by plucking
pluckOE
pook1633
OE Lambeth Psalter lxxix. 13 Vt quid destruxisti maceriam eius et uindemiant eam omnes qui praetergrediuntur uiam : to hwy towurpe þu his stanhege & hine [i.e. wingeard] plucciaþ uel & winhreafetiaþ ealle þa þe forþfaraþ uel þe wiðsteppaþ þone weg.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xii. 249 So is possessioun payne..To alle hem þat it holdeth, til her taille be plukked.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 405 Plukkyn [?a1475 Winch. Pluk] bryddys, excatheriso.
a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 205 Thow plukkis the pultre and scho pullis of the penis.
1560 Bible (Geneva) Psalms lxxix. [lxxx.] 12 All thei, whiche passe by the waie, haue plucked her.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) v. i. 24 Since I pluckt Geese, plaide Trewant, and whipt Top. View more context for this quotation
1655 N. Culpeper et al. tr. L. Rivière Pract. Physick i. vi. 27 Take a Goose or Duck that is fat, pluck it and draw it.
1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper iii. 54 When you kill young Chickens, pluck them very carefully.
1841 W. H. Ainsworth Old St. Pauls II. 300 He had just..commenced plucking one of the geese.
1860 C. Reade Cloister & Hearth lv These monks would pluck Lucifer of his wing feathers.
1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xvi. 432 Before the dissection is begun, the bird should be thoroughly plucked.
1993 N.Y. Times 19 Oct. c11/1 We have gone..from the agony of plucking and cleaning chickens to the joy of buying them bare-bottom clean.
b. transitive. To shape or thin (the eyebrows) by pulling out hairs.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the face > beautify (the face) [verb (transitive)] > apply cosmetics to the eyes > pluck eyebrows
pluck?c1450
?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 67 (MED) She hadde..plucked her browes, front, and forehed, to haue awey the here.
1777 T. Percival Father's Instr. to Children 137 She had taken infinite pains to pluck her eyebrows, to change from red to auburne the colour of her hair, and to contract her bulk by the trammels of whalebone.
1851 Huron Reflector (Norwalk, Ohio) 15 July The girls are continually plucking their eyebrows that they may be thin and long.
1926 F. S. Fitzgerald Great Gatsby ii. 35 Her eyebrows had been plucked and then drawn on again at a more rakish angle.
1988 Patches 1 Apr. 20/4 Recently, my eyebrows have grown to meet in the middle. My mum says I should pluck them.
2004 Zaptoit (Nexis) 8 Dec. It was quite funny for me to see them plucking each other's eyebrows last week.
3.
a. transitive. To take hold of and pull or tug at, esp. abruptly or with a jerk. Sometimes: spec. to pull (a person or animal) by a part of the body or clothing. to pluck the Proctor's gown: (in Oxford University; now rare) to challenge the granting of a degree to a person, whether or not the requisite examinations have been passed. (The practice, though long disused, is still theoretically possible.)
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > take degree [verb (transitive)] > confer degree on > challenge the awarding of a degree
to pluck the Proctor's gown1846
c1330 (?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch.) in J. Zupitza Guy of Warwick (1891) 667 (MED) Be þe berd y schel him schake..So y schel him þer-bi ploke Þat al is teþ schel roke.
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) iv. 1403 In certayn I shal fonde Distorben hym and plukke hym by the sleve.
?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 23 (MED) They..plucked eche other bi the here of the hede.
a1500 (?a1400) Tale King Edward & Shepherd (Cambr.) (1930) 1068 (MED) The squyer..plucked þe scheperde be þe sleue For to speke hym with.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 154v To make them fyerce and curst, you must plucke them by the eares.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xiv. 34 By the kind Gods tis most ignobly done, to pluck me by the beard. View more context for this quotation
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xxiii. 85 Some of his friends pluckt him two or three times by the surplis for to make him give over.
1700 G. Farquhar Constant Couple iii. 25 Then comes a fine Italian Bona Roba, and plucks me by the Sleeve.
1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 184 Children..pluck'd his gown.
1846 J. R. McCulloch Descr. Acct. Brit. Empire (1854) II. 338 An ancient custom by which any one, who objected to a degree about to be conferred in congregation, notified his dissent by plucking the sleeve of the proctor's gown.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxxiv. 351 The old woman..plucked her by the skirts again.., imploring her to keep the money.
1862 Let. 8 May in H. L. Abbott & R. G. Scott Fallen Leaves (1991) 117 When I get back you shall be the only person who will dare to pluck me by the beard.
1919 Times 29 Oct. 10 Captain Sentry..plucked him by the elbow, and whispered something in his ear.
1936 Jrnl. Higher Educ. 7 227/1 Only a regent master can ‘pluck’ the proctor's gown.
1951 ‘N. Shute’ Round Bend iii. 73 Schafter plucked him by the arm and nodded, and then turned and ran aft.
1999 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 5 June b6 His Majesty had plucked the sleeve of one of the Guard on the left flank.
b. intransitive. To pull sharply or forcibly, to tug (at something). Also: to make a sudden movement in order to grasp something; to snatch at.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (intransitive)] > pull > sharply
twitchc1300
pluck?a1430
twanga1678
yank1822
pull1826
?a1430 T. Hoccleve Mother of God l. 20 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 52 The feend..with his handes tweye, And his might, plukke wole at the balance.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 16 He [sc. the bear] wrastled and plucked so harde and so sore, that he gate out his heed.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. i. 206 Plucking to vnfix an enemy, He doth vnfasten so, and shake a friend. View more context for this quotation
c1672 A. Wood Life 14 May anno 1657 (1891) I. 219 However he plucked at them [sc. bell-ropes] often with some of his fellow-colleagues for recreation sake.
1784 R. Cumberland Carmelite iv. 48 Vulture furies plucking at my heart!
1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 21 But when the children pluck'd at him to go, He laugh'd, and yielded readily to their wish.
1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island xxxiii. 274 Now and again I stumbled; and it was then that Silver plucked so roughly at the rope and launched at me his murderous glances.
1977 A. Tyler Earthly Possessions ii. 13 ‘Besides,’ she would say, plucking at the front of her dress.
2002 Richmond (Virginia) Times Dispatch (Nexis) 27 Oct. b1 Just as professionally, he dealt with the dozens of reporters plucking at his sleeve.
c. intransitive. Scottish. pluck at the crow: the name of a game, apparently in which a person was pulled by the clothes and hair by the other players. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > other specific games > [noun] > others
sitisota1400
papsea1450
half-bowl1477
pluck at the crow1523
white and black1555
running game1581
blow-pointa1586
hot cocklesa1586
one penny1585
cockelty bread1595
pouch1600
venter-point1600
hinch-pinch1603
hardhead1606
poor and rich1621
rowland-hoe1622
hubbub1634
handicap?a1653
owl1653
ostomachy1656
prelledsa1660
quarter-spellsa1660
yert-point1659
bob-her1702
score1710
parson has lost his cloak1712
drop (also throw) (the) handkerchief1754
French Fox1759
goal1765
warpling o' the green1768
start1788
kiss-in-the-ring1801
steal-clothes1809
steal-coat1816
petits paquets1821
bocce1828
graces1831
Jack-in-the-box1836
hot hand1849
sparrow-mumbling1852
Aunt Sally1858
gossip1880
Tambaroora1882
spoof1884
fishpond1892
nim1901
diabolo1906
Kim's game1908
beaver1910
treasure-hunt1913
roll-down1915
rock scissors paper1927
scissors cut paper1927
scissors game1927
the dozens1928
toad in the hole1930
game1932
scissors paper stone1932
Roshambo1936
Marco Polo1938
scavenger hunt1940
skish1940
rock paper scissors1947
to play chicken1949
sounding1962
joning1970
arcade game1978
1523 in Lett. & Papers Reign Henry VIII IV. i. 16 My Lade Priores..sais for all..your lordships instense to them off wark, tha [ed. za] doy play ploke at the crawe with hire..; tha [ed. za]..haid taken fray hire..40 threffe of attes.
1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1890) II. 81 Gif thai..imagin thame to rug of his clathis, as thai war playng with him,—pluk at the craw.
1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxii. 58 I traist in God that anis sall cum the day, Pluk at the Craw quhen barnis sall with yis bird.
d. transitive. To disentangle and straighten (wool) with a plucker (plucker n.1 2). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > treating or processing wool > treat or process wool [verb (transitive)] > other
seam1511
burl1650
pluck1695
trend1777
plank1839
carbonize1893
1695 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. III. v. 258 Those who deal about combing or plucking the Wool.
e. transitive. To sound (the string of a musical instrument, etc.) with an abrupt pull or twitch, to twang; to play (a musical instrument, note, etc.) in this way.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > playing stringed instrument > play stringed instrument [verb (transitive)] > pluck
harp1629
twitch1669
plunk1808
pick1848
pluck1873
tirl1882
1873 Littell's Living Age 8 Mar. 603/1 Independent phrases being managed by the left hand plucking the strings.
1879 F. Taylor in G. Grove Dict. Music II. 7/1 In the so-called Musical Box..a series of metal tongues are plucked by pins or studs fixed in a revolving barrel.
1893–7 J. S. Shedlock tr. K. W. J. H. Riemann Dict. Music 459/1 Lute.., a very old instrument, the strings of which were plucked by the fingers, like..the guitar, mandoline, etc.
1910 J. London Koolau the Leper in Sel. Stories (1982) 886 She plucked the strings of an ukulele and lifted her voice in a barbaric love-call.
1988 R. Christiansen Romantic Affinities iv. 170 Jane plucked a few chords and sang only popular ballads.
2002 Western Mail (Cardiff) (Nexis) 5 Dec. One might expect a page in this book for every Welsh musician who has ever plucked a guitar string in the past 40 years.
4.
a. transitive. To pull with a sudden or forcible effort; to drag; to tug. Also: to take possession of by sudden action; to snatch; (sometimes) to steal. Frequently with off, on, up, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > pluck up courage [verb]
findOE
to take (in early use nim) heartc1275
to have the heartc1300
to hent one's heartc1325
to pull upa1393
to fang upa1400
pluckc1400
to take courage1490
to take heart of grace (and variants)c1520
to lift up one's heart, mind, soul1535
to get (also gather, keep, etc.) heart of grace1581
hearten1587
to pluck up one's courage1660
flesh1695
pluck up courage1726
to pick up1735
to call forth1802
to pluck up1827
to muster up1893
the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull
teea900
drawOE
tighta1000
towc1000
tirea1300
pullc1300
tugc1320
halea1393
tilla1400
tolla1400
pluckc1400
retract?a1475
hook1577
tew1600
hike1867
the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull > suddenly or sharply
twickeOE
plitchOE
to-twitchc1175
twitchc1330
tricec1386
tita1400
pluckc1400
ramp1567
snatch1590
pook1633
squitch1680
twig1755
shrug1807
yank1848
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xi. 109 (MED) Þe porter vnpynned þe ȝate And plukked in pauci priueliche.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 197 (MED) He plukkid his hede so hastelie bakk at he brakk it behynd hym on þe wall.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 5 (MED) Þey sawe fully the toode sitting on his brest, And none of hem might pluk it awey with no crafte.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. v. f. vj Yf thy right eye offende the, plucke hym out and caste him from the.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxcv They plucke vp the drawe bridge immediatlye.
1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iii. sig. Hh.ii Whan she came to the ryuer..she feigned to plucke on her shoe.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 194 To pluk fra vs pure men our guddis.
1611 Bible (King James) John x. 29 No man is able to pluck them out of my Fathers hand. View more context for this quotation
c1686 Depredations Clan Campbell (1816) 42 The mare was again pluckt from the ouner.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 176 He plucked off his own Coat,..and gave it him.
a1713 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1714) 237 Then pressing..to the place where Morgan stood, he plucked him from thence.
1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan 268 Carter made four desperate efforts, to pluck the boy down, by mere bodily power and weight.
1876 Ld. Tennyson Harold v. ii. 160 Pluck the dead woman off the dead man, Malet!
1881 ‘M. Twain’ Prince & Pauper xv. 163 He is the stranger that plucked Giles Witt out of the Thames.
1917 E. R. Burroughs Princess of Mars iv. 38 We were immediately surrounded by hundreds of the creatures who seemed anxious to pluck me from my seat behind my guard.
1975 New Yorker 19 May 120/2 After the war, the son got a job at the American Embassy, and one day in 1948 was plucked off the street and taken to prison.
1992 S. Sontag Volcano Lover i. v. 76 The monkey put his paw on the Cavaliere's wig... The Cavaliere reached up to pluck him from his shoulder.
2004 Africa News (Nexis) 1 Dec. If a man can jump over the fence and pluck off a minister's flag from his car, how safe are MPs in this House?
b. intransitive. To pull or draw; (in later use) to draw for a card. Also: to make a snatch, to steal. Cf. pick v.1 11b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > seizing > seize [verb (intransitive)]
fang1016
pluck?a1425
puckerow1843
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (intransitive)]
stealc725
thievec920
bribec1405
pluck?a1425
prowl1546
strike1567
to make away with1691
fake1819
snam1824
snig1862
to help oneself1868
boost1912
score1914
snoop1924
the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (intransitive)] > pull
pullOE
tirea1300
drawc1300
halea1393
pluck?a1425
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play at cards [verb (intransitive)] > actions or tactics
pass1599
pluck1606
pulla1625
to play high1640
to follow suit1643
to play at forsat1674
lead1677
overdrawc1805
stand1813
retract1823
underplay1850
to hold up1879
to throw in one's hand1893
build1901
build-down1983
?a1425 St. Lucy (Julius) 131 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S.-Eng. Legendary (1956) 570 (MED) Plukke [c1300 Harl. hi gonne to drawe & tuicche].
?a1450 ( J. Lydgate Serpent of Division (McClean) (1911) 59 All be þat he plukked..hit wollde not availe.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clxxxxvii. f. cxix Eueryche of theym was constrayned to plucke & stele from other.
1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xvi. 3 And euerie man dois pluke and pow, And that the pure may finde.
1606 N. Breton Choice, Chance, & Change sig. G1 He that wil not pluck for a card, is not worthie of a prime.
a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aa/1 Woo'd any man, stand plucking for the Ace of Harts, With one packe of cards all dayes on's life?
c. transitive. With down: to pull down or demolish (a building). Now rare (chiefly archaic and historical in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > break [verb (transitive)] > break down, demolish, or ruin
spillc950
fellOE
to cast downc1230
destroy1297
to turn up?c1335
to throw down1340
to ding downc1380
to break downa1382
subverta1382
underturn1382
to take downc1384
falla1400
to make (a building, etc.) plain (with the earth)a1400
voida1400
brittenc1400
to burst downc1440
to pull downc1450
pluck1481
tumble1487
wreck1510
defacea1513
confound1523
raze1523
arase1530
to beat downc1540
ruinate1548
demolish1560
plane1562
to shovel down1563
race?1567
ruin1585
rape1597
unwall1598
to bluster down16..
raise1603
level1614
debolish1615
unbuilda1616
to make smooth work of1616
slight1640
to knock down1776
squabash1822
collapse1883
to turn over1897
mash1924
rubble1945
to take apart1978
1481 W. Cely Let. 13 May in Cely Lett. (1975) 105 Hys howsse..schall come to be pluckyd schorttly down.
1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student f. cxxxix Yf a man pluckyd downe hys house & sellyth yt.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Cvii They plucke downe townes, and leaue nothing stondynge.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Surrey 78 Otherwise (being now plucked down) the form and fashion thereof [i.e. of the Palace of Richmond] had for the future been forgotten.
1745 E. Haywood Female Spectator III. xv. 149 When he would erect or pluck down a building.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 85 A rampant heresy,..which might well deserve That we this night should pluck your palace down.
1878 R. Simpson School of Shakspere I. 8 He..ordered the church of Notre Dame of Boulogne to be plucked down, and a mount erected in its place.
1973 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 7 May 3 It isn't often that homes can be rebuilt after once they have been plucked down.
1994 R. Hutton Rise & Fall Merry Eng. iii. 81 The curate..stated firmly that all [statues] in the county were plucked down by mid-1548.
d. transitive. To pull or tear asunder, in pieces, etc. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > tearing or tearing apart > tear [verb (transitive)] > tear apart
to-loukc890
to-braidc893
to-tearc893
to-teec893
to-rendc950
to-breakc1200
to-tugc1220
to-lima1225
rivea1250
to-drawa1250
to-tosea1250
drawa1300
rendc1300
to-rit13..
to-rivec1300
to-tusec1300
rakea1325
renta1325
to-pullc1330
to-tightc1330
tirec1374
halea1398
lacerate?a1425
to-renta1425
yryve1426
raga1450
to pull to (or in) piecesc1450
ravec1450
discerp1483
pluck1526
rip1530
decerp1531
rift1534
dilaniate1535
rochec1540
rack1549
teasea1550
berend1577
distract1585
ream1587
distrain1590
unrive1592
unseam1592
outrive1598
divulse1602
dilacerate1604
harrow1604
tatter1608
mammocka1616
uprentc1620
divell1628
divellicate1638
seam-rend1647
proscind1659
skail1768
screeda1785
spret1832
to tear to shreds1837
ribbon1897
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxiii. 10 Lest Paul shuld have bene pluckte asondre off them.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 661/1 I prayed you to stretche it out a lytell, but nat to plucke it in peces.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Plucked in sunder, distractus.
1588 T. Hickock tr. C. Federici Voy. & Trauaile f. 1 At Feluchia the merchants plucke their boates in peeces.
1673 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words 132 Take a Rook and plucking it limbe from limbe, cast the several limbes about your field.
1751 E. Haywood Hist. Betsy Thoughtless III. i. 8 An infant..first playing with a new baby, and afterwards plucking it to pieces.
1870 Ld. Tennyson Holy Grail 80 Who wept and said, That save they could be pluck'd asunder, all My quest were but in vain.
1922 W. S. Davis Short Hist. Near East xxx. 339 By the Treaty of Berlin the pact of San Stefano was plucked to pieces.
1998 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 26 Apr. a1 A gargantuan crane that will pluck the building apart piece by piece.
5. figurative.
a. transitive. To bring (a person or thing) forcibly into or out of a specified state or condition; †to bring (disaster, etc.) upon a person (obsolete). Now esp.: to snatch or rescue from danger, to take from obscurity, etc.Often still with some contextual reference to or suggestion of physical action; cf. sense 4.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)]
atbraidOE
benimOE
fornimOE
to reach upOE
reaveOE
bilacchea1325
to take away1372
stealc1374
privea1387
beneme1387
reach?a1400
deprivec1400
subduce1434
embezzle1469
pluckc1475
fortakea1500
raima1500
devest1538
rig1573
imbolish1592
exact1660
drain1673
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring (a person or thing) into a state or condition > put out of a state or condition
to put out of ——c1425
pluckc1475
the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > have befallen as a misfortune to [verb (transitive)] > bring disaster upon
doa1375
pluckc1475
ruin1558
tragedize1593
disaster1596
planet-strike1600
to bring to grief1850
to do in1905
to wreak havoc1926
the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] > rescue or carry off from
reavec1225
werea1500
snatcha1616
to fetch off1648
surprise1687
pluck1719
c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) i. 52 (MED) Full preuyly þey pluckud þy power awey.
1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Matt. xi. 12 The kyngdome of heven suffreth violence, and they that go to it with violence pluck [1526 pull] it vnto them.
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Rom. vii. f. xviiiv Fleashly luste pluckyng to euyll.
1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1890) II. 54 Thai nocht content..euir ar desyrous to eik sum thing to religioun, to change, or to pluk fra it.
1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 2 You must conceiue them in mynde, plucking them by imagination from all matter.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. iii. 7 When yet hee was but tender-bodied..; when youth with comelinesse pluck'd all gaze his way. View more context for this quotation
1673 B. Makin Ess. to revive Antient Educ. Gentlewomen 27 One Athaliah, married to Joram, plucks ruine upon the House of Jehosaphat.
1719 E. Young Busiris v. 70 I leave a Mark behind, Shall pluck the shining Age from vulgar Time.
1828 A. M. Porter Coming Out in J. Porter & A. M. Porter Coming Out & Field of Forty Footsteps II. 188 The fear of plucking condemnation upon her own head by becoming his wife.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 124 ‘Hard task, to pluck resolve,’ I cried, ‘From emptiness and the waste wide Of that abyss, or scornful pride!’
1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. ix. 83 The grim life out of which she had plucked her brother.
1920 E. Wharton Age of Innocence xiii. 114 It was precisely the odd absence of surprise in her that gave him the sense of her having been plucked out of a very maelstrom.
1994 Arena Sept. 35/3 Tim Robbins stars as the goofball plucked from the mailroom obscurity to run the Hudsucker company.
b. transitive. Usually with down: to bring down, bring low; to humble, humiliate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > cause to be ill [verb (transitive)] > make weak
fellOE
wastec1230
faintc1386
endull1395
resolvea1398
afaintc1400
defeat?c1400
dissolvec1400
weakc1400
craze1476
feeblish1477
debilite1483
overfeeble1495
plucka1529
to bring low1530
debilitate1541
acraze1549
decaya1554
infirma1555
weaken1569
effeeble1571
enervate1572
enfeeble1576
slay1578
to pull downa1586
prosternate1593
shake1594
to lay along1598
unsinew1598
languefy1607
enerve1613
pulla1616
dispirit1647
imbecilitate1647
unstring1700
to run down1733
sap1755
reduce1767
prostrate1780
shatter1785
undermine1812
imbecile1829
disinvigorate1844
devitalize1849
wreck1850
atrophy1865
crumple1892
the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > humiliate [verb (transitive)]
anitherOE
fellOE
lowc1175
to lay lowc1225
to set adownc1275
snuba1340
meekc1350
depose1377
aneantizea1382
to bring lowa1387
declinea1400
meekenc1400
to pull downc1425
avalec1430
to-gradea1440
to put downc1440
humble1484
alow1494
deject?1521
depress1526
plucka1529
to cut (rarely to cast down) the comb of?1533
to bring down1535
to bring basec1540
adbass1548
diminish1560
afflict1561
to take down1562
to throw down1567
debase1569
embase1571
diminute1575
to put (also thrust) a person's nose out of jointc1576
exinanite1577
to take (a person) a peg lower1589
to take (a person) down a peg (or two)1589
disbasea1592
to take (a person) down a buttonhole (or two)1592
comb-cut1593
unpuff1598
atterr1605
dismount1608
annihilate1610
crest-fall1611
demit1611
pulla1616
avilea1617
to put a scorn on, upon1633
mortify1639
dimit1658
to put a person's pipe out1720
to let down1747
to set down1753
humiliate1757
to draw (a person's) eyeteeth1789
start1821
squabash1822
to wipe a person's eye1823
to crop the feathers of1827
embarrass1839
to knock (also take, etc.) (a person) off his or her perch1864
to sit upon ——1864
squelch1864
to cut out of all feather1865
to sit on ——1868
to turn down1870
to score off1882
to do (a person) in the eye1891
puncture1908
to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908
to cut down to size1927
flatten1932
to slap (a person) down1938
punk1963
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fiiii Nowe she wyll laughe, forthwith she wyll frowne Sodenly set vp and sodenly pluckyd downe.
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus To Gentlem. Eng. Other that neuer learned to shote,..wyll be as busie as the best, but suche one commonly plucketh doune a syde.
a1555 J. Bradford in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. xlv. 131 Other Men in Ingland, whose Stoutnes must be plucked lowe.
1567 Triall of Treasure sig. Eiiiv This-gere I suppose will plucke downe your fleshe.
1619 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Maides Trag. ii. sig. C4 She will plucke downe a side.
1628 W. Laud Diary 30 Sept. in Hist. Troubles (1695) 43 Tuesday, Septemb. ult. I was sore plucked with this Sickness.
c1672 A. Wood Life 9 Apr. anno 1659 (1891) I. 277 A tertian ague..pluck'd downe his body much.
6. transitive. To rob, steal from; to swindle, fleece. Now rare (chiefly slang in later use).See also to pluck a pigeon at pigeon n. 6b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > perpetrate (a swindle) [verb (transitive)] > defraud or swindle
defraud1362
deceivec1380
plucka1500
lurch1530
defeata1538
souse1545
lick1548
wipe1549
fraud1563
use1564
cozen1573
nick1576
verse1591
rooka1595
trim1600
skelder1602
firk1604
dry-shave1620
fiddle1630
nose1637
foista1640
doa1642
sharka1650
chouse1654
burn1655
bilk1672
under-enter1692
sharp1699
stick1699
finger1709
roguea1714
fling1749
swindle1773
jink1777
queer1778
to do over1781
jump1789
mace1790
chisel1808
slang1812
bucket1819
to clean out1819
give it1819
to put in the hole1819
ramp1819
sting1819
victimize1839
financier1840
gum1840
snakea1861
to take down1865
verneuk1871
bunco1875
rush1875
gyp1879
salt1882
daddle1883
work1884
to have (one) on toast1886
slip1890
to do (a person) in the eye1891
sugar1892
flay1893
to give (someone) the rinky-dink1895
con1896
pad1897
screw1900
short-change1903
to do in1906
window dress1913
ream1914
twist1914
clean1915
rim1918
tweedle1925
hype1926
clip1927
take1927
gazump1928
yentz1930
promote1931
to take (someone) to the cleaners1932
to carve up1933
chizz1948
stiff1950
scam1963
to rip off1969
to stitch up1970
skunk1971
to steal (someone) blind1974
diddle-
a1500 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 269 (MED) Paciencia is plukytt þat mony men hyme Lukys [perh. read Lothys].
1569 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 70 To pluk and use piracie upoun the trew marchandis.
1630 T. Dekker Second Pt. Honest Whore v. ii. 97 I did pluck those Ganders, did rob them.
1777 P. Thicknesse Year's Journey France & Spain II. 230 Great Play is intended after supper: and..you are the marked pigeon to be plucked.
1805 Sporting Mag. 26 55 Her amiable companion..instead of helping to pluck her grace, never played for a guinea in the course of her life.
1843 G. W. Le Fevre Life Trav. Physician III. iii. x. 210 To allow a fair profit to the proprietor without plucking the traveller.
1882 F. Bock Littell's Living Age I. 14 Yes—ye-s!—a very weakling he was,—the boys plucked him nicely, eh?
1927 D. Hammett Big Knockover (1966) 298 But these bimbos once helped pluck a bank.
1964 T. M. Andersson Probl. Icelandic Saga Origins v. 90 Eiriks saga rauða and Grettis saga combine to show that when Landnáma was used, it was plundered wholesale and not plucked for an occasional name.
7. transitive. slang. to pluck a rose: (of a woman) to urinate or defecate. Now archaic and historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > [verb (intransitive)]
to do one's business1596
to pluck a rose1613
to pay a call1648
to go backward1748
go1804
to do (one's) duty1935
to wash one's hands1938
to spend a penny1945
perform1963
1607 Dobsons Drie Bobbes xvi. sig. O2v One of the maides..went into the calfehouse to pul a rose, and as it woulde be, she pist into hir mistris necke vnknowne to hir.]
1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle ii. sig. D4 Then up and ride, Or if it please you walke for your repose, Or sit, or if you will go plucke a rose.
1665 C. Cotton Scarronnides 127 Forth of the morning doors she goes, In hasty wise, to pluck a Rose.
1735 J. Swift Panegyrick on D— in Wks. II. 290 The bashful Maid, to hide her Blush, Shall creep no more behind a Bush; Here unobserv'd, she boldly goes, As who should say, to pluck a Rose.
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 203 Grieve not, gentle traveller, to let Madame de Rambouliet p-ss on—And, ye fair mystic nymphs! go each one pluck your rose.
1800 in Proc. Amer. Antiquarian Soc. (1897) 12 248 Mrs. M. having occasion to pluck a rose as is usual with delicate women after a ride of 22 miles.
1937 E. Partridge Dict. Slang 641/1 Pluck a rose, to visit the privy.
1996 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 9 Jan. 14 Guests in even the grandest country mansions used to be encouraged to use the garden. It was called going out to pluck a rose.
8. Chiefly slang.
a. transitive. Originally in Oxford University: to reject (a candidate) as not reaching the required standard in an examination (now historical). Later in extended use: to reject (a candidate for any examination, for office, etc.); (more generally) to call to account, to reprimand. Frequently in passive.Originally a candidate might be plucked on grounds other than unsatisfactory performance in an examination. Cf. to pluck the Proctor's gown at sense 3a and plough v. 10.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > examination > examine a candidate [verb (transitive)] > fail a candidate
to turn by1653
pluck1713
flunk1843
plough1854
spin1860
fail1884
pill1908
pip1908
zap1961
the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (intransitive)] > be dismissed or rejected
to go whistle1453
to go hanga1616
pluck1772
to be left in the basketa1845
to go (also be thrown, etc.) out (of) the window1913
to be out (of) the window1938
to get knotted1963
1713 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1898) IV. 172 Dr. Lancaster, when Batchelor of Arts, was pluck'd for his Declamation.
1721 N. Amhurst Terræfilius No. 50 (1754) 273 Mr. Scurlock, A.B. fellow of Jesus-college, and a member of the constitution-club was pluck'd, (i.e. disgraced, and forbid to proceed in performing his exercise) for mentioning the word king in his declamation.
1772 T. Nugent tr. J. F. de Isla Hist. Friar Gerund I. 538 Notwithstanding his having been plucked three times in the examination for the subdiaconate.
1820 Gentleman's Mag. 90 i. 32/2 To expend vast sums in the education of sons, who when they apply for degrees, are plucked.
1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. v. i. 461 Those who fail in showing such an amount of proficiency as, in the opinion of the examiners, entitles them to their degree, are said, in the language of the place, to be ‘plucked’.
1858 Atlantic Monthly Jan. 355/2 As I never had the remotest intention of standing an examination, there was no danger of my being ‘plucked’.
1878 H. O. Flipper Colored Cadet at West Point 114 The disgrace of being ‘found’ (a cadet term equivalent to the old college word ‘plucked’).
1914 ‘I. Hay’ Lighter Side School Life vii. 191 If he gets plucked in his examinations, you send him home to me, and I'll bile him!
1938 H. L. Mencken Diary 25 Nov. (1989) 115 She never got her degree. Dr. J. Whitridge Williams, head of the department of obstetrics, plucked her in that subject.
1984 N. Annan Leslie Stephen (rev. ed.) i. 26 Below him [sc. the Wooden Spoon] lay the hapless men who were gulfed, or allowed degrees, and those who were plucked outright.
b. transitive. U.S. Military. To require (an officer) to retire.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > discharge from service > [verb (transitive)]
cash1564
cast1587
cashier1599
to muster out of service1834
retire1852
pluck1911
1909 Lima (Ohio) Times-Democrat 30 June 1/6 Five rear admirals appointed annually and dubbed the ‘plucking board’ because it is their duty to single out the necessary number of officers for retirement will meet next Friday.]
1911 Washington Post 4 July 1/4 The unusually small number of natural vacancies and voluntary retirements made it necessary for the elimination board to ‘pluck’ fourteen officers.
1941 Sun (Baltimore) 5 Aug. 11/3 It is highly unlikely that the army will make announcement of the officers who are being ‘plucked’ under the recent act permitting the Secretary of War to retire those whom a board has decreed to be ‘unsuited for further active duty’.
1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) Plucked after 20 years of service and sent into involuntary retirement.

Phrasal verbs

With adverbs in specialized senses. to pluck up
1. transitive. to pluck up (one's) courage (also heart, resolution, spirits, etc.): to summon up courage, strength, etc., take courage; to raise one's spirits, cheer up.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > pluck up courage [verb]
findOE
to take (in early use nim) heartc1275
to have the heartc1300
to hent one's heartc1325
to pull upa1393
to fang upa1400
pluckc1400
to take courage1490
to take heart of grace (and variants)c1520
to lift up one's heart, mind, soul1535
to get (also gather, keep, etc.) heart of grace1581
hearten1587
to pluck up one's courage1660
flesh1695
pluck up courage1726
to pick up1735
to call forth1802
to pluck up1827
to muster up1893
c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) 1177 (MED) Pluk vp þi cher.
c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 2507 (MED) Confort þi self, pluk vp þin herte Swich mourning þan wil þe smerte.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xvi. 72 Languysshe no more, but plucke vp thyne herte.
1562 Bp. J. Pilkington Expos. Abdyas Pref. 9 Let us therefore pluck vp stomackes, and pray with S. Augustine.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. iii. 38 Plucke vp thy spirits, looke cheerfully vpon me. View more context for this quotation
1660 C. Ellis Gentile Sinner 239 Let them pluck up their Courage, and make it appeare to the World, that they have yet something of a Noble and Generous Spirit within their breasts.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 210 Plucking up my Spirits as well as I could.
1794 R. B. Sheridan Duenna (new ed.) ii. 33 I'll pluck up resolution.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 376 Æthelred seems now to have plucked up a little heart.
1869 A. Trollope He knew he was Right II. lv. 47 She could not pluck up courage to speak a word in Italian.
1910 ‘Saki’ Reginald in Russia 104 The little Lemberg négociant plucked up heart.
1960 W. Harris Palace of Peacock i. 17 I plucked up courage to express my inner thoughts.
a1978 S. T. Warner One Thing leading to Another (1985) 165 Mousie plucked up her spirits and re-addressed herself to the duties of a sovereign.
2004 Aberdeen Evening Express (Nexis) 8 Dec. 14 She started going out for walks and plucked up courage to join a gym.
2. transitive. To pull up; to pull (a thing) out of the place in which it is planted or set; to uproot; to eradicate; to raze, demolish. Cf. sense 4a. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > eradicate or extirpate
fornimOE
to put awaya1382
outroot?a1425
unroot?a1425
out-razec1425
to pluck up1484
avell1530
sweep1560
depopulate1576
ruina1586
assoil1596
to lay aside1596
untop1598
displant1603
float1606
to take off1619
amolish1624
uproota1639
eradicate1647
to lay by1681
to polish off1827
uprend1911
to zero out1951
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope i. xx [The swallow said] Come with me ye al & lete vs plucke vp al this [flax].
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos iv. 18 To arache or plucke vp a gretter tree.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Eccl. iii. 1 There is a tyme to plant, and a tyme to plucke vp the thinge, yt is planted.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 158 All fortresses and defences by them there made, were plucked vp and destroyed.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 205 Vnto the tyme quhen hæresie pluked vpe al monumentes of pietie in Scotland.
1680 in N. Bouton Provinc. Papers New-Hampsh. (1867) I. 391 Whosoever shall willfully pluck up, remove or deface any Landmark or bound betweene propertie and propertie.
1759 J. Mills tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Pract. Treat. Husbandry ii. i. 114 We plucked up..some of the most thriving plants.
1844 E. B. Barrett Lady Geraldine's Courtship in Poems I. 238 I plucked up her social fictions.
1879 H. James Confidence II. xxii. 49 He would let the flower bloom for a day before plucking it up by the root.
1995 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 7 Dec. e1 He plucked up a small fir tree, placed it in the nursery and decorated the branches with candles.
3. intransitive. To recover strength or vigour; to raise one's spirits; to summon one's courage; to take heart. Cf. sense 1. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > pluck up courage [verb]
findOE
to take (in early use nim) heartc1275
to have the heartc1300
to hent one's heartc1325
to pull upa1393
to fang upa1400
pluckc1400
to take courage1490
to take heart of grace (and variants)c1520
to lift up one's heart, mind, soul1535
to get (also gather, keep, etc.) heart of grace1581
hearten1587
to pluck up one's courage1660
flesh1695
pluck up courage1726
to pick up1735
to call forth1802
to pluck up1827
to muster up1893
1827 C. S. Talbot Squire Hartley i. 19 By the light of Moses, if I don't think he's got away—..if so, I'll begin to pluck up a bit.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xiv. 125 The worthy Mr. Lillyvick..plucked up amazingly.
1890 W. C. Russell Marriage at Sea I. i. 10 But she had plucked up as she drew towards the close of her letter.
1901 G. B. Shaw Caesar & Cleopatra iii. 153 He eats another date, and plucks up a little.
1999 Univ. Wire (California) (Nexis) 22 Nov. We got chewed out at halftime and that fires you up. We plucked up a little.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.11440n.21808v.OE
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