ploughswainn.

Brit.

/ˈplaʊsweɪn/, U.S.

/ˈplaʊˌsweɪn/

Forms: see plough n.¹ and swain n.; also Middle English plowwayn (transmission error).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: plough n.¹, swain n.

Etymology: < plough n.¹ + swain n.Apparently attested slightly earlier in the name of a street in the city of York, Ploxwangate (1241), Plouswayngate (1276), Ploxhsuaingate (13th cent.), although some have suggested that this may be independently after an (unattested) early Scandinavian parallel (although a corresponding compound is apparently not attested in any of the Scandinavian languages).

Chiefly literary. Now historical and rare.

A ploughman.Recorded earliest in ploughswain-land n. at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant

tillman940

churla1000

ploughman1223

bondmanc1250

bondc1275

ploughswain1296

countrymanc1300

boundec1320

Hobc1325

charla1400

landmana1400

Jack (John) Upland1402

carlc1405

bowerc1430

peasanta1450

rurala1475

agrest1480

bergier1480

carlleina1500

rustical?1532

ploughboy1544

boor1548

rusticc1550

kern1556

tillsman1561

clown1563

Jocka1568

Jock upalanda1568

John Uponlanda1568

russet coat1568

rustican1570

hind?1577

swain1579

Corydon1581

mountain man1587

Phillis1589

sylvan1589

russeting1597

Joan1598

stubble boy1598

paysan1609

carlota1616

swainling1615

raiyat1625

contadino1630

under-swaina1644

high shoe1647

boorinn1649

Bonhomme1660

high-shoon-man1664

countrywoman1679

villan1685

russet gown1694

ruralist1739

paysanne1748

bauer1799

bonderman1804

bodach1830

contadina1835

agrestian1837

peasantess1841

country jake1845

rufus1846

bonder1848

hayseed1851

bucolic1862

agricole1882

country jay1888

child (son, etc.) of the soil1891

hillbilly1900

palouser1903

kisan1935

woop woop1936

swede-basher1943

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > [noun] > ploughman or woman

earthlingOE

ploughman1223

earmana1250

ploughswain1296

earera1382

plougher?1518

balker1549

scratcher1557

bawker1591

plough-jogger1600

plough-jobber1667

plough woman1783

tailsman1867

1296 in W. H. D. Longstaffe & J. Booth Halmota Prioratus Dunelmensis (1889) 6 (MED) Tres acras terræ de plowwaynlands [read plowswaynlands].

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 1 A labor and a trauaile too plowswayns hertelye welcoom.

1590 T. Lodge Rosalynde: Euphues Golden Legacie 96 Phoebus rose from his Aurora, and began to mount him in the Skie, summoning the Plough-swaines to their handie labour.

1620 tr. G. Boccaccio Decameron I. v. i. f. 179 He gaue command..that he should liue at a Farme of his owne in a Country Village, among his Peazants and Plough-Swaines.

1638 T. Hawkins tr. Horace Odes (ed. 4) i. iv. 6 Beasts leave their stals, plough-swaines their Fires forgo.

1797 T. Park Sonnets & Other Small Poems 61 There be which plowswaines more do prize, Then tising gaudes of courtlie life.

1907 F. W. Chandler Lit. Roguery I. v. 200 Piers is a shepherd found discoursing to Menalcas, his seventh master, and to Corydon, a plough-swain.

1960 P. H. Reaney Orig. Eng. Place-names xi. 235 Other names commemorate ancient trades:..in the thirteenth century Ploxhsuaingate ‘street of the ploughswains’.

Compounds

† ploughswain-land n. Obsolete land cultivated by a ploughman.

ΚΠ

1296*Plowswaynlands [see main sense].

?c1357 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 558 Pro 2 plowswaynlandes in Fulwell.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ploughswain
释义	ploughswainn. Brit. /ˈplaʊsweɪn/, U.S. /ˈplaʊˌsweɪn/ Forms: see plough n.¹ and swain n.; also Middle English plowwayn (transmission error). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: plough n.¹, swain n. Etymology: < plough n.¹ + swain n.Apparently attested slightly earlier in the name of a street in the city of York, Ploxwangate (1241), Plouswayngate (1276), Ploxhsuaingate (13th cent.), although some have suggested that this may be independently after an (unattested) early Scandinavian parallel (although a corresponding compound is apparently not attested in any of the Scandinavian languages). Chiefly literary. Now historical and rare. A ploughman.Recorded earliest in ploughswain-land n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > rustic or peasant tillman940 churla1000 ploughman1223 bondmanc1250 bondc1275 ploughswain1296 countrymanc1300 boundec1320 Hobc1325 charla1400 landmana1400 Jack (John) Upland1402 carlc1405 bowerc1430 peasanta1450 rurala1475 agrest1480 bergier1480 carlleina1500 rustical?1532 ploughboy1544 boor1548 rusticc1550 kern1556 tillsman1561 clown1563 Jocka1568 Jock upalanda1568 John Uponlanda1568 russet coat1568 rustican1570 hind?1577 swain1579 Corydon1581 mountain man1587 Phillis1589 sylvan1589 russeting1597 Joan1598 stubble boy1598 paysan1609 carlota1616 swainling1615 raiyat1625 contadino1630 under-swaina1644 high shoe1647 boorinn1649 Bonhomme1660 high-shoon-man1664 countrywoman1679 villan1685 russet gown1694 ruralist1739 paysanne1748 bauer1799 bonderman1804 bodach1830 contadina1835 agrestian1837 peasantess1841 country jake1845 rufus1846 bonder1848 hayseed1851 bucolic1862 agricole1882 country jay1888 child (son, etc.) of the soil1891 hillbilly1900 palouser1903 kisan1935 woop woop1936 swede-basher1943 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > [noun] > ploughman or woman earthlingOE ploughman1223 earmana1250 ploughswain1296 earera1382 plougher?1518 balker1549 scratcher1557 bawker1591 plough-jogger1600 plough-jobber1667 plough woman1783 tailsman1867 1296 in W. H. D. Longstaffe & J. Booth Halmota Prioratus Dunelmensis (1889) 6 (MED) Tres acras terræ de plowwaynlands [read plowswaynlands]. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 1 A labor and a trauaile too plowswayns hertelye welcoom. 1590 T. Lodge Rosalynde: Euphues Golden Legacie 96 Phoebus rose from his Aurora, and began to mount him in the Skie, summoning the Plough-swaines to their handie labour. 1620 tr. G. Boccaccio Decameron I. v. i. f. 179 He gaue command..that he should liue at a Farme of his owne in a Country Village, among his Peazants and Plough-Swaines. 1638 T. Hawkins tr. Horace Odes (ed. 4) i. iv. 6 Beasts leave their stals, plough-swaines their Fires forgo. 1797 T. Park Sonnets & Other Small Poems 61 There be which plowswaines more do prize, Then tising gaudes of courtlie life. 1907 F. W. Chandler Lit. Roguery I. v. 200 Piers is a shepherd found discoursing to Menalcas, his seventh master, and to Corydon, a plough-swain. 1960 P. H. Reaney Orig. Eng. Place-names xi. 235 Other names commemorate ancient trades:..in the thirteenth century Ploxhsuaingate ‘street of the ploughswains’. Compounds † ploughswain-land n. Obsolete land cultivated by a ploughman. ΚΠ 1296Plowswaynlands [see main sense]. ?c1357 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham* (1899) II. 558 Pro 2 plowswaynlandes in Fulwell. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1296
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