plican.

Brit.

/ˈplɪkə/,

/ˈplʌɪkə/, U.S.

/ˈplaɪkə/

Inflections: Plural plicae, (in sense 3) plicas.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin plica.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin plica fold of cloth (12th cent.), notational symbol in medieval music (13th cent.), matting of the hair (1600 or earlier; compare also Plica Polonica plica polonica n.) < classical Latin plicāre to fold, to coil (see plicate v.). Compare French plique (1682 in sense 1; earlier as plica in this sense (1679); 1768 in sense 3).In sense 1b after scientific Latin plica ( Linnaeus Philosophia botanica (1751) 217).

a. Medicine. Matting of the hair; a mass of matted hair; spec. plica polonica. Cf. plait n. 2c.See also plica neuropathica n., plica polonica n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > disorders of hair > [noun] > other hair disorders

plaited hair1582

plicaa1631

plica polonica1652

trichosis1693

xerasia1706

trichoma1799

hystriciasis1809

porcupine hair1822

trichoschisis1842

Polish disease1850

Polish plait1875

piedra1878

trichoclasia1895

a1631 R. Bolton Foure Last Things (1632) 40 Let some incurable devouring Ulcer, Canker, Elephantiasis, the Wolfe, the Plica, &c. take hold on any part of his Body. [Note] A most loathsome and horrible disease in the haire, unheard of in former times.

1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 233 Plica is an epidemical Disease in Polonia, when their Hairs grow together like a Cow's Tail.

1731 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 37 51 The Plica has been always..thought to be a Distemper.

1884 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 5 Apr. 160/1 The only plica of our nomenclature is plica polonica... In neuropathic plica the scalp is structurally healthy, and neither the follicle nor the hair itself presents any structural evidence of disease.

1892 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 104 701 As indeed in all cases of plica, the patient and relatives and friends looked upon it with more or less awe and superstition.

1962 A. Savill & C. Warren Hair & Scalp (ed. 5) xvi. 253 Any disease of the scalp aids the formation of plica.

1993 New Scientist 9 Oct. 53/2 A much more vigorous form of plica, known as ‘plica polonica’ is described in Gould and Pyles' Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine as originating in Poland in 1285.

†b. A mat of vegetation. Also: an abnormal proliferation of branches or twiggy shoots in a tree, as in a witches' broom. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > [noun] > bough or branch > twig > twigs or spray

riceeOE

sproteOE

spray1297

spraya1300

greavesc1385

browse?1523

fruz1693

witch knot1806

plica1829

rowel1869

twiggery1909

twiggage1923

1829 Trans. Geol. Soc. 2 69 Wherever any soil is deposited..a thick plica of vegetation springs up.

1856 J. S. Henslow Dict. Bot. Terms 138 Plica, a diseased state in the developement of buds, which instead of forming true branches, become short twigs; and these produce others of the same sort, the whole forming an entangled mass.

1869 M. T. Masters Veg. Teratol. iii. i. 346 By Linné an undue number of branches was designated as ‘plica’, from the analogy with the disease of the hair known as plica polonica.

2. Biology. A fold or ridge in an organ or structure.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > shape > [noun] > bend or fold

folda1250

plight1543

duplication1578

reduplication1578

sinus1615

plica1660

recess1666

duplicature1683

reduplicature1698

geniculum1701

genu1854

infraction1882

uncinate1891

1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 36 A plica or folding made the long way of the leafe, not overthwart as in Sicamores and other complicated leaves of seeds.

1683 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 13 32 The length of the proper Stomack 5 Inches,..easily distinguishable by its colour, substance and Plicæ.

1762 W. Smellie Treat. Midwifery (ed. 4) I. 95 The internal membrane of the neck and Fundus, which is likewise full of plicæ.

1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. II. 131 The plicæ lamellar, close, waved, vertical.

c1843 J. Torrey Catal. Plants in D. Jackson & M. L. Spence Exped. J. C. Frémont (1970) I. 304 Plicæ of the coralla [sic] scarcely one-third as long as the lanceolate lobes.

1913 Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 4) 840 It is fixed..to the extremities of the notch of Rivinus by the anterior and posterior malleolar plicæ.

1986 G. Culverwell tr. P. Arduini & G. Teruzzi Macdonald Encycl. Fossils No. 40 The outer surface displays variously grouped granulations, striae, plicae and costae.

1990 Plants & Gardens Autumn 9/1 The petal-lobes number 5, but between each there are small appendages or plicae—in some instances the plicae are large and petal-like.

3. Medieval Music. A notational symbol consisting of an extra stroke added to a note, variously interpreted (see quots.) but now usually considered to represent a type of ornament. Also: the ornament indicated by such a symbol.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > notation > [noun] > specific signs in medieval music

plica1782

inscription1880

society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > ornament > [noun] > other ornaments

minutea1513

quirk1579

pianoforte1657

plica1782

pincé1876

1782 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music II. 188 Few of the musical terms in the tract of Franco, are more difficult to comprehend or define than the word Plica, which he calls ‘a note of division of the same sound, ascending or descending’.

1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music (at cited word) Plica, the name formerly given to a kind of ligature used in the old music as a sign of hesitation, or pausing.

1881 G. Grove Dict. Music III. 4/1 Plica..a character, mentioned by Franco of Cologne, Joannes de Muris, and other early writers, whose accounts of it are not always very easily reconciled to each other.

1940 G. Reese Mus. Middle Ages (1941) iii. x. 283 When it [sc. the plica] was applied to single notes, usually two parallel strokes of unequal length were added to the note-head. These strokes, enfolding the head, gave the plica its name.

1942 W. Apel Notation Polyphonic Mus., 900–1600 (1944) iii. iii. 235 We shall carefully distinguish between plica-note and plica-tone. The former term refers to the written note to which the plica-dash is attached; the latter to the extra tone called for by the dash.

1979 Early Music 7 189/1 The plica is a note with stems on both sides of the note head and is meant to be sung as two pitches.

1990 R. Crocker & D. Hiley Early Middle Ages to 1300 364 Despite variations of pitch, disposition of ornament, use of plica, even choice of cadential notes, these are clearly versions of one melodic shape.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	plica
释义	plican. Brit. /ˈplɪkə/, /ˈplʌɪkə/, U.S. /ˈplaɪkə/ Inflections: Plural plicae, (in sense 3) plicas. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin plica. Etymology: < post-classical Latin plica fold of cloth (12th cent.), notational symbol in medieval music (13th cent.), matting of the hair (1600 or earlier; compare also Plica Polonica plica polonica n.) < classical Latin plicāre to fold, to coil (see plicate v.). Compare French plique (1682 in sense 1; earlier as plica in this sense (1679); 1768 in sense 3).In sense 1b after scientific Latin plica ( Linnaeus Philosophia botanica (1751) 217). 1. a. Medicine. Matting of the hair; a mass of matted hair; spec. plica polonica. Cf. plait n. 2c.See also plica neuropathica n., plica polonica n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > disorders of hair > [noun] > other hair disorders plaited hair1582 plicaa1631 plica polonica1652 trichosis1693 xerasia1706 trichoma1799 hystriciasis1809 porcupine hair1822 trichoschisis1842 Polish disease1850 Polish plait1875 piedra1878 trichoclasia1895 a1631 R. Bolton Foure Last Things (1632) 40 Let some incurable devouring Ulcer, Canker, Elephantiasis, the Wolfe, the Plica, &c. take hold on any part of his Body. [Note] A most loathsome and horrible disease in the haire, unheard of in former times. 1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 233 Plica is an epidemical Disease in Polonia, when their Hairs grow together like a Cow's Tail. 1731 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 37 51 The Plica has been always..thought to be a Distemper. 1884 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 5 Apr. 160/1 The only plica of our nomenclature is plica polonica... In neuropathic plica the scalp is structurally healthy, and neither the follicle nor the hair itself presents any structural evidence of disease. 1892 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 104 701 As indeed in all cases of plica, the patient and relatives and friends looked upon it with more or less awe and superstition. 1962 A. Savill & C. Warren Hair & Scalp (ed. 5) xvi. 253 Any disease of the scalp aids the formation of plica. 1993 New Scientist 9 Oct. 53/2 A much more vigorous form of plica, known as ‘plica polonica’ is described in Gould and Pyles' Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine as originating in Poland in 1285. †b. A mat of vegetation. Also: an abnormal proliferation of branches or twiggy shoots in a tree, as in a witches' broom. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > [noun] > bough or branch > twig > twigs or spray riceeOE sproteOE spray1297 spraya1300 greavesc1385 browse?1523 fruz1693 witch knot1806 plica1829 rowel1869 twiggery1909 twiggage1923 1829 Trans. Geol. Soc. 2 69 Wherever any soil is deposited..a thick plica of vegetation springs up. 1856 J. S. Henslow Dict. Bot. Terms 138 Plica, a diseased state in the developement of buds, which instead of forming true branches, become short twigs; and these produce others of the same sort, the whole forming an entangled mass. 1869 M. T. Masters Veg. Teratol. iii. i. 346 By Linné an undue number of branches was designated as ‘plica’, from the analogy with the disease of the hair known as plica polonica. 2. Biology. A fold or ridge in an organ or structure. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > shape > [noun] > bend or fold folda1250 plight1543 duplication1578 reduplication1578 sinus1615 plica1660 recess1666 duplicature1683 reduplicature1698 geniculum1701 genu1854 infraction1882 uncinate1891 1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 36 A plica or folding made the long way of the leafe, not overthwart as in Sicamores and other complicated leaves of seeds. 1683 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 13 32 The length of the proper Stomack 5 Inches,..easily distinguishable by its colour, substance and Plicæ. 1762 W. Smellie Treat. Midwifery (ed. 4) I. 95 The internal membrane of the neck and Fundus, which is likewise full of plicæ. 1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. II. 131 The plicæ lamellar, close, waved, vertical. c1843 J. Torrey Catal. Plants in D. Jackson & M. L. Spence Exped. J. C. Frémont (1970) I. 304 Plicæ of the coralla [sic] scarcely one-third as long as the lanceolate lobes. 1913 Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 4) 840 It is fixed..to the extremities of the notch of Rivinus by the anterior and posterior malleolar plicæ. 1986 G. Culverwell tr. P. Arduini & G. Teruzzi Macdonald Encycl. Fossils No. 40 The outer surface displays variously grouped granulations, striae, plicae and costae. 1990 Plants & Gardens Autumn 9/1 The petal-lobes number 5, but between each there are small appendages or plicae—in some instances the plicae are large and petal-like. 3. Medieval Music. A notational symbol consisting of an extra stroke added to a note, variously interpreted (see quots.) but now usually considered to represent a type of ornament. Also: the ornament indicated by such a symbol. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > notation > [noun] > specific signs in medieval music plica1782 inscription1880 society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > ornament > [noun] > other ornaments minutea1513 quirk1579 pianoforte1657 plica1782 pincé1876 1782 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music II. 188 Few of the musical terms in the tract of Franco, are more difficult to comprehend or define than the word Plica, which he calls ‘a note of division of the same sound, ascending or descending’. 1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music (at cited word) Plica, the name formerly given to a kind of ligature used in the old music as a sign of hesitation, or pausing. 1881 G. Grove Dict. Music III. 4/1 Plica..a character, mentioned by Franco of Cologne, Joannes de Muris, and other early writers, whose accounts of it are not always very easily reconciled to each other. 1940 G. Reese Mus. Middle Ages (1941) iii. x. 283 When it [sc. the plica] was applied to single notes, usually two parallel strokes of unequal length were added to the note-head. These strokes, enfolding the head, gave the plica its name. 1942 W. Apel Notation Polyphonic Mus., 900–1600 (1944) iii. iii. 235 We shall carefully distinguish between plica-note and plica-tone. The former term refers to the written note to which the plica-dash is attached; the latter to the extra tone called for by the dash. 1979 Early Music 7 189/1 The plica is a note with stems on both sides of the note head and is meant to be sung as two pitches. 1990 R. Crocker & D. Hiley Early Middle Ages to 1300 364 Despite variations of pitch, disposition of ornament, use of plica, even choice of cadential notes, these are clearly versions of one melodic shape. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1631
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