plaintiveadj.

Brit.

/ˈpleɪntɪv/, U.S.

/ˈpleɪn(t)ɪv/

Forms: Middle English plantif, Middle English plantife, Middle English playntyff, Middle English pleintif, Middle English plentyff, Middle English pleyntif, Middle English pleyntiff, late Middle English– plaintive, 1500s plainetife, 1500s playntife, 1500s playntiffe, 1500s–1600s plaintife, 1500s–1600s plaintiffe, 1500s–1600s plaintiue, 1600s– plaintiff (now in sense 2), 1700s plentive; also Scottish pre-1700 plantif, pre-1700 playntife.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French pleintif, plaintif, plaintive.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pleintif, plaintif and Middle French plaintif (feminine plaintive, etc.) having the character of a lament (c1200 in Old French in an apparently isolated attestation; subsequently from 1596 onwards), of or relating to the complainant in a lawsuit (early 13th cent.), wretched, miserable (c1235 or earlier in Anglo-Norman) < plainte plaint n. + -if -ive suffix. Compare plaintiff n.

1. Afflicted by sorrow; grieving, lamenting; †suffering (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > [adjective]

carefulOE

charyOE

mourningOE

sorrowingOE

sorryOE

balec1220

heavy?c1225

ruefulc1225

ruthfulc1225

sorrowful?c1225

dolefulc1275

plaintivea1393

complainingc1430

lamentable?a1475

plaining?c1475

dolent1490

lamentatious1532

troublous1535

plaintfula1542

dirge-like1561

yearnfula1566

waymenting1573

mestive1575

lamentatory1576

mestful1577

wailful1579

lamentinga1586

weepy1602

deplorative1610

deploringa1616

gement1656

condolent1691

dirgeful1793

dirgy1830

lamentful1876

the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > discontent or dissatisfaction > state of complaining > [adjective] > complaining

grutching?c1225

plaintivea1393

complainingc1430

plainteous1444

quarrellousc1450

murmurousa1525

murmuring1530

grudging?1531

yammeringc1540

complaintful1552

muttering1567

groanful1590

grumblinga1616

complaintive1637

quirking1746

complainant1791

twiney1824

maundering1848

nattered1853

grumbly1858

moany1867

grouchy1895

grumblesome1925

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 154 (MED) Penelope, Which was to him his trewe wif, Of his lachesce was pleintif.

1566 T. Drant tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. Eiiij^v If the plaintife Poet shoulde Besing his musies horce.

1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hercules Oetæus i, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 191^v And mee addight In shape, that may be suetable vnto my playntiffe plight.

1600 J. Lane Tom Tel-Troths Message 654 Thus men by women, women wrongde by men, Giue matter still vnto my plaintife pen.

1604 A. Craig Poet. Ess. sig. B3^v Doe not thine eares..With patience heare the sad and plaintiue poore.

1700 J. Dryden tr. Homer 1st Bk. Ilias in Fables 208 To sooth the Sorrows of her plaintive Son.

1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity iii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 487 His younger Son..First Fruit of Death, lies Plaintiff of a wound Given by a Brother's Hand.

1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 240 The mere suffering of plaintive virtue.

1802 G. Dyer Poems II. iii. 58 (heading) The plaintive man's address to melancholy.

1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt II. xxxii. 263 Esther, with the plaintive Lyddy for her sole companion, was not cheerfully circumstanced.

1913 R. Brooke in Coll. Poems (1918) 30 Those dusty high-roads of the aimless dead Plaintive for Earth.

a1995 A. Stevenson Coll. Poems (1996) 242 The bruised knee or cut finger of the plaintive child.

2. Law. Of or relating to the complainant or plaintiff in a lawsuit. Also (chiefly in party plaintive): that is a plaintiff, that brings a lawsuit.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > party in litigation > [adjective] > being or relating to plaintiff

plaintive1397

1397 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1709) VIII. 18 (MED) Al ye..þat ar Plantif of ony of þe Kings Leges of Inlande, þai sal sende þair Billes..to the Castel of Roxburgh..Ande al þai..þat ar Plantife of any of þe Kinges Leges of Scotlande, þai sal sende þair Billes..to the Abbey of Kelsow.

1429–30 Acts II. 19/2 Sa that the party playntife mak prufe..of the violent presumpcion..be his athe.

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 3533 And eke also the cost Of euery party plentyff þat fallith in his pleynt.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iv. v. 240 Ryght and restytucion were made vnto the party playntyff of his actyon and demaunde.

1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. iii. f. 99^v/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The parties plaintiffe and defendant..proceede..by plaint or declaration, aunswere, replication and reioynder.

1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 886 If in this place the Judge doe signifie God, and the aduersarie plaintiue the Diuell.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. iv. sig. P6 To heare the piteous beast pleading her plaintiffe cause.

1676 C. Molloy De Jure Maritimo x. 269 At the Tryal the party Plaintiff must produce the Bill accepted, and not the Protest; otherwise he will fail in his Action at that time.

1795 C. Abbot Jurisdict. & Pract. Court Great Sessions Wales p. xxvi A party plaintiff, whose cause of suit arises within Wales.

1824 J. G. C. Brainard Lett. found in Ruins Fort Braddock vii. 39 This was termed running the Indians, or being run by the Indians, depending as a lawyer would say, on who was the party Plaintiff, and who was the party Defendant.

1921 H. Wehberg Limitation of Armaments v. 84 The plaintiff party may in this session call for a conditional and provisional solution.

1995 S. A. Stave Achieving Racial Balance vii. 130 The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) joined as a party plaintiff to the suit.

3. Having the character of a lament; expressive of sorrow; mournful, sad.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing

darkOE

unmerryOE

deathlyc1225

dolefulc1275

elengec1275

dreicha1300

coolc1350

cloudyc1374

sada1375

colda1400

deadlya1400

joylessc1400

unjoyful?c1400

disconsolatea1413

mournfula1425

funeralc1425

uncheerfulc1449

dolent1489

dolesome1533

heavy-hearted1555

glum1558

ungladsome1558

black1562

pleasureless1567

dern1570

plaintive?1570

glummish1573

cheerless1575

comfortless1576

wintry1579

glummy1580

funebral1581

discouraging1584

dernful?1591

murk1596

recomfortless1596

sullen1597

amating1600

lugubrious1601

dusky1602

sable1603

funebrial1604

damping1607

mortifying1611

tearful?1611

uncouth1611

dulsome1613

luctual1613

dismal1617

winterous1617

unked1620

mopish1621

godforsaken?1623

uncheerly1627

funebrious1630

lugubrous1632

drearisome1633

unheartsome1637

feral1641

drear1645

darksome1649

sadding1649

saddening1650

disheartening1654

funebrous1654

luctiferous1656

mestifical1656

tristifical1656

sooty1657

dreary1667

tenebrose1677

clouded1682

tragicala1700

funereal1707

gloomy1710

sepulchrala1711

dumpishc1717

bleaka1719

depressive1727

lugubre1727

muzzy1728

dispiriting1733

uncheery1760

unconsolatory1760

unjolly1764

Decemberly1765

sombre1768

uncouthie1768

depressing1772

unmirthful1782

sombrous1789

disanimating1791

Decemberish1793

grey1794

uncheering1796

ungenial1796

uncomforting1798

disencouraginga1806

stern1812

chilling1815

uncheered1817

dejecting1818

mopey1821

desponding1828

wisht1829

leadening1835

unsportful1837

demoralizing1840

Novemberish1840

frigid1844

morne1844

tragic1848

wet-blanketty1848

morgue1850

ungladdeneda1851

adusk1856

smileless1858

soul-sick1858

Novemberya1864

saturnine1863

down1873

lacklustre1883

Heaven-abandoneda1907

downbeat1952

doomy1967

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > mournful or plaintive sound > [adjective]

complainingc1430

plainful1598

dismala1616

querulous1628

groaning1697

plaintive1697

gaunt1814

?1570 E. Elviden Hist. Pesistratus & Catanea sig. Kiiij Stil he woful lyes. Bewayling Pesistratus woes with sundry plaintiue cries.

1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Gen. Argt. These xij. Æclogues,..eyther they be Plaintiue,..or recreatiue,..or Moral.

1592 S. Daniel Delia iiii. sig. B2^v These plaintiue verse, the Posts of my desire, Which haste for succour to her slowe regarde: Beare not report of any slender fire.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 136 His careful Mother heard the Plaintive sound.

1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 3 Oft in the Winds is heard a plaintive Sound Of melancholy Ghosts, that hover round.

1728 J. Gay Beggar's Opera i. x. 15 The Turtle thus with plaintive crying, Laments her Dove.

1772 A. Murphy Grecian Daughter ii. 18 What mean Those plentive notes?

1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 479 The fiddle screams Plaintive and piteous, as it wept and wailed Its wasted tones.

1855 E. C. Gaskell North & South I. i. 14 Mrs. Shaw welcomed him in her gentle kindly way, which had always something plaintive in it.

1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey II. 242 These songs are recited slowly to a peculiarly plaintive melody.

1890 M. Oliphant Kirsteen II. iv. 63 The voice had a plaintive tone in it, as so many voices of Scotchwomen have.

1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out xxiv. 389 The worry of nursing her husband had fixed a plaintive frown upon her forehead.

1932 A. Huxley Brave New World viii. 162 The words awoke a plaintive echo in Bernard's mind. Alone, alone.

2000 Guardian 18 Aug. (Friday Review section) 13/1 Britrocker tries to roar but instead emits the plaintive whinny of a wounded mule.

Compounds

† plaintive-echoing adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1740 J. Dyer Ruins of Rome 3 They..mournfully among The plaintive-ecchoing Ruins pour their streams.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	plaintive
释义	plaintiveadj. Brit. /ˈpleɪntɪv/, U.S. /ˈpleɪn(t)ɪv/ Forms: Middle English plantif, Middle English plantife, Middle English playntyff, Middle English pleintif, Middle English plentyff, Middle English pleyntif, Middle English pleyntiff, late Middle English– plaintive, 1500s plainetife, 1500s playntife, 1500s playntiffe, 1500s–1600s plaintife, 1500s–1600s plaintiffe, 1500s–1600s plaintiue, 1600s– plaintiff (now in sense 2), 1700s plentive; also Scottish pre-1700 plantif, pre-1700 playntife. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French pleintif, plaintif, plaintive. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pleintif, plaintif and Middle French plaintif (feminine plaintive, etc.) having the character of a lament (c1200 in Old French in an apparently isolated attestation; subsequently from 1596 onwards), of or relating to the complainant in a lawsuit (early 13th cent.), wretched, miserable (c1235 or earlier in Anglo-Norman) < plainte plaint n. + -if -ive suffix. Compare plaintiff n. 1. Afflicted by sorrow; grieving, lamenting; †suffering (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > [adjective] carefulOE charyOE mourningOE sorrowingOE sorryOE balec1220 heavy?c1225 ruefulc1225 ruthfulc1225 sorrowful?c1225 dolefulc1275 plaintivea1393 complainingc1430 lamentable?a1475 plaining?c1475 dolent1490 lamentatious1532 troublous1535 plaintfula1542 dirge-like1561 yearnfula1566 waymenting1573 mestive1575 lamentatory1576 mestful1577 wailful1579 lamentinga1586 weepy1602 deplorative1610 deploringa1616 gement1656 condolent1691 dirgeful1793 dirgy1830 lamentful1876 the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > discontent or dissatisfaction > state of complaining > [adjective] > complaining grutching?c1225 plaintivea1393 complainingc1430 plainteous1444 quarrellousc1450 murmurousa1525 murmuring1530 grudging?1531 yammeringc1540 complaintful1552 muttering1567 groanful1590 grumblinga1616 complaintive1637 quirking1746 complainant1791 twiney1824 maundering1848 nattered1853 grumbly1858 moany1867 grouchy1895 grumblesome1925 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 154 (MED) Penelope, Which was to him his trewe wif, Of his lachesce was pleintif. 1566 T. Drant tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. Eiiij^v If the plaintife Poet shoulde Besing his musies horce. 1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hercules Oetæus i, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 191^v And mee addight In shape, that may be suetable vnto my playntiffe plight. 1600 J. Lane Tom Tel-Troths Message 654 Thus men by women, women wrongde by men, Giue matter still vnto my plaintife pen. 1604 A. Craig Poet. Ess. sig. B3^v Doe not thine eares..With patience heare the sad and plaintiue poore. 1700 J. Dryden tr. Homer 1st Bk. Ilias in Fables 208 To sooth the Sorrows of her plaintive Son. 1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity iii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 487 His younger Son..First Fruit of Death, lies Plaintiff of a wound Given by a Brother's Hand. 1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 240 The mere suffering of plaintive virtue. 1802 G. Dyer Poems II. iii. 58 (heading) The plaintive man's address to melancholy. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt II. xxxii. 263 Esther, with the plaintive Lyddy for her sole companion, was not cheerfully circumstanced. 1913 R. Brooke in Coll. Poems (1918) 30 Those dusty high-roads of the aimless dead Plaintive for Earth. a1995 A. Stevenson Coll. Poems (1996) 242 The bruised knee or cut finger of the plaintive child. 2. Law. Of or relating to the complainant or plaintiff in a lawsuit. Also (chiefly in party plaintive): that is a plaintiff, that brings a lawsuit. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > party in litigation > [adjective] > being or relating to plaintiff plaintive1397 1397 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1709) VIII. 18 (MED) Al ye..þat ar Plantif of ony of þe Kings Leges of Inlande, þai sal sende þair Billes..to the Castel of Roxburgh..Ande al þai..þat ar Plantife of any of þe Kinges Leges of Scotlande, þai sal sende þair Billes..to the Abbey of Kelsow. 1429–30 Acts II. 19/2 Sa that the party playntife mak prufe..of the violent presumpcion..be his athe. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 3533 And eke also the cost Of euery party plentyff þat fallith in his pleynt. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iv. v. 240 Ryght and restytucion were made vnto the party playntyff of his actyon and demaunde. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. iii. f. 99^v/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The parties plaintiffe and defendant..proceede..by plaint or declaration, aunswere, replication and reioynder. 1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 886 If in this place the Judge doe signifie God, and the aduersarie plaintiue the Diuell. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. iv. sig. P6 To heare the piteous beast pleading her plaintiffe cause. View more context for this quotation 1676 C. Molloy De Jure Maritimo x. 269 At the Tryal the party Plaintiff must produce the Bill accepted, and not the Protest; otherwise he will fail in his Action at that time. 1795 C. Abbot Jurisdict. & Pract. Court Great Sessions Wales p. xxvi A party plaintiff, whose cause of suit arises within Wales. 1824 J. G. C. Brainard Lett. found in Ruins Fort Braddock vii. 39 This was termed running the Indians, or being run by the Indians, depending as a lawyer would say, on who was the party Plaintiff, and who was the party Defendant. 1921 H. Wehberg Limitation of Armaments v. 84 The plaintiff party may in this session call for a conditional and provisional solution. 1995 S. A. Stave Achieving Racial Balance vii. 130 The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) joined as a party plaintiff to the suit. 3. Having the character of a lament; expressive of sorrow; mournful, sad. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing darkOE unmerryOE deathlyc1225 dolefulc1275 elengec1275 dreicha1300 coolc1350 cloudyc1374 sada1375 colda1400 deadlya1400 joylessc1400 unjoyful?c1400 disconsolatea1413 mournfula1425 funeralc1425 uncheerfulc1449 dolent1489 dolesome1533 heavy-hearted1555 glum1558 ungladsome1558 black1562 pleasureless1567 dern1570 plaintive?1570 glummish1573 cheerless1575 comfortless1576 wintry1579 glummy1580 funebral1581 discouraging1584 dernful?1591 murk1596 recomfortless1596 sullen1597 amating1600 lugubrious1601 dusky1602 sable1603 funebrial1604 damping1607 mortifying1611 tearful?1611 uncouth1611 dulsome1613 luctual1613 dismal1617 winterous1617 unked1620 mopish1621 godforsaken?1623 uncheerly1627 funebrious1630 lugubrous1632 drearisome1633 unheartsome1637 feral1641 drear1645 darksome1649 sadding1649 saddening1650 disheartening1654 funebrous1654 luctiferous1656 mestifical1656 tristifical1656 sooty1657 dreary1667 tenebrose1677 clouded1682 tragicala1700 funereal1707 gloomy1710 sepulchrala1711 dumpishc1717 bleaka1719 depressive1727 lugubre1727 muzzy1728 dispiriting1733 uncheery1760 unconsolatory1760 unjolly1764 Decemberly1765 sombre1768 uncouthie1768 depressing1772 unmirthful1782 sombrous1789 disanimating1791 Decemberish1793 grey1794 uncheering1796 ungenial1796 uncomforting1798 disencouraginga1806 stern1812 chilling1815 uncheered1817 dejecting1818 mopey1821 desponding1828 wisht1829 leadening1835 unsportful1837 demoralizing1840 Novemberish1840 frigid1844 morne1844 tragic1848 wet-blanketty1848 morgue1850 ungladdeneda1851 adusk1856 smileless1858 soul-sick1858 Novemberya1864 saturnine1863 down1873 lacklustre1883 Heaven-abandoneda1907 downbeat1952 doomy1967 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > mournful or plaintive sound > [adjective] complainingc1430 plainful1598 dismala1616 querulous1628 groaning1697 plaintive1697 gaunt1814 ?1570 E. Elviden Hist. Pesistratus & Catanea sig. Kiiij Stil he woful lyes. Bewayling Pesistratus woes with sundry plaintiue cries. 1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Gen. Argt. These xij. Æclogues,..eyther they be Plaintiue,..or recreatiue,..or Moral. 1592 S. Daniel Delia iiii. sig. B2^v These plaintiue verse, the Posts of my desire, Which haste for succour to her slowe regarde: Beare not report of any slender fire. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 136 His careful Mother heard the Plaintive sound. View more context for this quotation 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 3 Oft in the Winds is heard a plaintive Sound Of melancholy Ghosts, that hover round. 1728 J. Gay Beggar's Opera i. x. 15 The Turtle thus with plaintive crying, Laments her Dove. 1772 A. Murphy Grecian Daughter ii. 18 What mean Those plentive notes? 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 479 The fiddle screams Plaintive and piteous, as it wept and wailed Its wasted tones. 1855 E. C. Gaskell North & South I. i. 14 Mrs. Shaw welcomed him in her gentle kindly way, which had always something plaintive in it. 1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey II. 242 These songs are recited slowly to a peculiarly plaintive melody. 1890 M. Oliphant Kirsteen II. iv. 63 The voice had a plaintive tone in it, as so many voices of Scotchwomen have. 1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out xxiv. 389 The worry of nursing her husband had fixed a plaintive frown upon her forehead. 1932 A. Huxley Brave New World viii. 162 The words awoke a plaintive echo in Bernard's mind. Alone, alone. 2000 Guardian 18 Aug. (Friday Review section) 13/1 Britrocker tries to roar but instead emits the plaintive whinny of a wounded mule. Compounds † plaintive-echoing adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1740 J. Dyer Ruins of Rome 3 They..mournfully among The plaintive-ecchoing Ruins pour their streams. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.a1393
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