holmn.¹

Brit.

/həʊm/, U.S.

/hoʊm/

Forms: Also holme, Sc. howm.

Origin: Partly a word inherited from Germanic. Partly a borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: In sense 1, Old English holm sea, ocean, wave (only in poetic language); in sense 2, < Old Norse holmr islet in a bay, creek, lake, or river, meadow on the shore; corresponding to Old Saxon, Low German holm hill. These are generally held to be the same word; the sense ‘hill’ (not recorded in Old English, though used by Layamon) being taken as the original (related to the stem of hill n., and so to Latin collis, culmen); thence it is supposed arose the sense ‘islet’, and figuratively that of ‘billow’, ‘wave’, ‘sea’; but this last is obscure. (Medieval Latin holmus, hulmus are from English.)

†I. Senses relating to the sea.

1. The sea, the wave. (Only in Old English.)

OE Beowulf 240 Hider ofer holmas.

OE Beowulf 1592 Þa ðe mid Hroðgare on holm wliton.

1892 S. A. Brooke Hist. Early Eng. Lit. iii. 59 The one who is killed swims in the holm.]

II. Senses relating to islands or low-lying land.

a. A small island, an islet; esp. in a river, estuary, or lake, or near the mainland.(Frequent in place-names, as Steep Holme in the Severn, Priestholm near Anglesea, Rampsholm and Lingholm in Derwentwater, Willow Holm near Carlisle; but, as a living word, applied only to the small grassy islets in Orkney and Shetland, and (as a foreign word) to those of Norway, Iceland, etc.)

ΘΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > island > [noun] > small > in river or lake

aiteOE

holm?c1050

mediamnesa1552

eyot1670

haft1686

osier isle1744

osier ait1766

knoll1772

twig-ait1867

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [noun] > flooded

holm?c1050

wash-land1794

callow1823

khadar1828

flood-plain1873

flood-landa1881

berm1891

várzea1911

toich1948

?c1050 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (MS. C.) ann. 902 Þy ilcan gere wæs þæt gefeoht æt þam Holme Cantwara & þara Deniscra.

a1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1025 Her for Cnut cyng to Denmearcon mid scipon to þam holme æt ea þære halgan.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 244/1 Holm, of a sonde yn the see (K. holme of sownde in þe see; Harl. holm or sond of the see), bitalassum, vel hulmus.

1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 112 The 13. day wee came betwixt the flat Holmes and the steepe Holmes.

a1688 J. Wallace Descr. Orkney (1693) 92 Holm, a little Isle for the most part desart, and only employed for pasturage.

1805 G. Barry Hist. Orkney ii. ii. 97 Sometimes they stand in little holms in the midst of lochs.

1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. ii. 323 In Orkney..Some of the islets, or holms, appear like gigantic pillars, rising perpendicularly from the sea: these are the resort of vast numbers of sea-fowl.

1839 W. B. Stonehouse Hist. Isle of Axholme 261 The monks of the Priory of Thornholmes..built a convenient house on a holme or small island between Owston and Gulnethorpe.

1885 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm. I. xv. 143 An islet, a mere holm, girt on all sides by the sea.

b. (In Swedish and Danish) A dockyard, shipyard.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > shipyard or boat-yard > [noun] > dockyard

arsenal1511

holm1654

dockyard1704

1654 B. Whitelocke Jrnl. Swedish Ambassy (1772) II. 249 Whitelocke came to the holme where the ship was to be launched.

3. A piece of flat low-lying ground by a river or stream, submerged or surrounded in time of flood.In living use in the south of Scotland (howm) and north of England, and extending far south in place-names; ‘a flat pasture in Romney Marsh (Kent) is yet called the Holmes’ (Way).

12.. in J. T. Fowler Chartularium Abbathiæ de Novo Monasterio (1878) 229 Item in le Sutherholme, duas acras, in le Northerholme, tres rodas..ab australi fine del holme usque ad aquilonalem finem ejusdem holmi.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 243/2 Holm, place..be-syde a water, hulmus.

1531 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 369 For the holm bytwen the Grey Frere walle and Leen.

1803 W. Wordsworth Yarrow Unvisited v ‘Oh! green,’ said I, ‘are Yarrow's holms’.

1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at Dreghorn The holms on the banks of the rivers Annock and Irvine are a fine deep loam.

1850 W. Wordsworth Prelude i. 14 O Derwent! winding among grassy holms.

1864 Ld. Tennyson Northern Farmer: Old Style xiii Wi 'auf the cows to cauve an' Thornaby holms to plow!

1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi xiii. 264 On these holmes herds of buffaloes and waterbucks daily graze.

†III. Senses relating to hills.

4. A hill. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun]

cloudc893

downOE

hillc1000

penOE

holmc1275

woldc1275

clotc1325

banka1393

knotc1400

nipc1400

rist1577

kop1835

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10409 He [þe vox] ulih to þan holme [c1300 Otho cleoue] & his hol isecheð.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10334 In-to þan haȝe wude in-to þan hæȝe holme.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations (in sense 2a or 3).

1744 W. Stukeley in W. C. Lukis Family Mem. W. Stukeley (1882) I. 173 The Roman money found here in great abundance; they call them Holm-pennys.

1865 H. H. Dixon Field & Fern: South 308 Half bred lambs are on the holme land near the river.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

holmn.²

Brit.

/həʊm/, U.S.

/hoʊm/

Forms: Also Middle English– holme.

Etymology: A phonetic corruption of holn from Old English holen , hollin n., holly.

1. The common holly. Obsolete exc. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > berry-bush or -tree > [noun] > holly bush

hollinc725

hollyc1150

holmc1405

hulverc1430

holm-treec1450

hull1557

ilex1565

evergreen oak1629

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > cultivated or ornamental trees and shrubs > [noun] > holly

hollinc725

hollyc1150

holmc1405

hulverc1430

holm-treec1450

hull1557

Christmas1706

wren-bush1901

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2057 Ook, Fyrre, Birch, Asp, Alder, holm, popler.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 244/1 Holme, or holy, ulmus, hussus.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 107^v Holme, or Holly, is..continually greene.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes The Holly, the Holme, or Huluer tree.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 470 All the kindes of Holme be set with sharpe prickes.

1603 J. Stow Suruay of London (new ed.) 98 Nayled ful of Holme and Iuie.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 115 Feeding on holm, elder trees, and brambles.

1859 All Year Round 31 Dec. 225 Still called holme in Devonshire..in Norfolk it is called hulver.

1893 Westm. Gaz. 21 June 3/1 He ‘rattles like a boar in a holme’..is still a familiar saying.

2. = holm oak n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > oak and allies > [noun] > holm-oak

prinec1390

ilexa1398

holm1552

holm-tree1565

mast-holm1577

holly-oak1597

holm oak1597

hulver oak1597

scarlet oak1597

oak-holm1601

evergreen oak1629

1552 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) at Ilex A tree called of some Holme.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 4 Sometime I list to rest me vnder an old Holme.

1591 E. Spenser Virgil's Gnat in Complaints sig. I The blacke Holme that loues the watrie vale, And the sweete Cypresse signe of deadly bale.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 495 There is an Holme growing in the Vatican, elder than Rome it selfe.

1722 tr. Virgil Pastorals i, in C. Sedley Wks. I. 262* Often from a hollow Holm the Crow Did on the left the coming Mischief show.

1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 25/2 The Holm, and all other Sorts of Oaks.

1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision II. xxxi. 145 A sturdy holm, Rent from its fibres by a blast.

Compounds

C1. holm-berry (dialect), holm-dish (made of holly-wood), holm-wood. See also holm oak n., holm-tree n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > [noun] > shallow vessel or dish > specific types

balancea1522

cuvette1706

necromancer1747

holm-dish1771

patina1814

pan1843

coolamon1846

lanx1857

pitchi1896

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 267 Stakes and posts..of Holme wood.

1771 Gentleman's Mag. 41 489 Holm dishes held our rustic cheer.

1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles I. viii. 102 Let me put one little kiss on those holmberry lips.

C2. In local names of the missel-thrush, from its feeding on holly-berries, as holm-cock, holm-screech, holm-thrush.

ΚΠ

1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 244 The..missel-bird..which we call in Cornwall the holm-thrush.

1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 1 Missel Thrush..Holm thrush, Holm cock, Holm screech (Cornwall, Devon, Dorset).

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	holm
释义	holmn.¹ Brit. /həʊm/, U.S. /hoʊm/ Forms: Also holme, Sc. howm. Origin: Partly a word inherited from Germanic. Partly a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: In sense 1, Old English holm sea, ocean, wave (only in poetic language); in sense 2, < Old Norse holmr islet in a bay, creek, lake, or river, meadow on the shore; corresponding to Old Saxon, Low German holm hill. These are generally held to be the same word; the sense ‘hill’ (not recorded in Old English, though used by Layamon) being taken as the original (related to the stem of hill n., and so to Latin collis, culmen); thence it is supposed arose the sense ‘islet’, and figuratively that of ‘billow’, ‘wave’, ‘sea’; but this last is obscure. (Medieval Latin holmus, hulmus are from English.) †I. Senses relating to the sea. 1. The sea, the wave. (Only in Old English.) Π OE Beowulf 240 Hider ofer holmas. OE Beowulf 1592 Þa ðe mid Hroðgare on holm wliton. 1892 S. A. Brooke Hist. Early Eng. Lit. iii. 59 The one who is killed swims in the holm.] II. Senses relating to islands or low-lying land. 2. a. A small island, an islet; esp. in a river, estuary, or lake, or near the mainland.(Frequent in place-names, as Steep Holme in the Severn, Priestholm near Anglesea, Rampsholm and Lingholm in Derwentwater, Willow Holm near Carlisle; but, as a living word, applied only to the small grassy islets in Orkney and Shetland, and (as a foreign word) to those of Norway, Iceland, etc.) ΘΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > island > [noun] > small > in river or lake aiteOE holm?c1050 mediamnesa1552 eyot1670 haft1686 osier isle1744 osier ait1766 knoll1772 twig-ait1867 the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [noun] > flooded holm?c1050 wash-land1794 callow1823 khadar1828 flood-plain1873 flood-landa1881 berm1891 várzea1911 toich1948 ?c1050 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (MS. C.) ann. 902 Þy ilcan gere wæs þæt gefeoht æt þam Holme Cantwara & þara Deniscra. a1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1025 Her for Cnut cyng to Denmearcon mid scipon to þam holme æt ea þære halgan. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 244/1 Holm, of a sonde yn the see (K. holme of sownde in þe see; Harl. holm or sond of the see), bitalassum, vel hulmus. 1589 Voy. W. Towrson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 112 The 13. day wee came betwixt the flat Holmes and the steepe Holmes. a1688 J. Wallace Descr. Orkney (1693) 92 Holm, a little Isle for the most part desart, and only employed for pasturage. 1805 G. Barry Hist. Orkney ii. ii. 97 Sometimes they stand in little holms in the midst of lochs. 1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. ii. 323 In Orkney..Some of the islets, or holms, appear like gigantic pillars, rising perpendicularly from the sea: these are the resort of vast numbers of sea-fowl. 1839 W. B. Stonehouse Hist. Isle of Axholme 261 The monks of the Priory of Thornholmes..built a convenient house on a holme or small island between Owston and Gulnethorpe. 1885 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm. I. xv. 143 An islet, a mere holm, girt on all sides by the sea. b. (In Swedish and Danish) A dockyard, shipyard. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > shipyard or boat-yard > [noun] > dockyard arsenal1511 holm1654 dockyard1704 1654 B. Whitelocke Jrnl. Swedish Ambassy (1772) II. 249 Whitelocke came to the holme where the ship was to be launched. 3. A piece of flat low-lying ground by a river or stream, submerged or surrounded in time of flood.In living use in the south of Scotland (howm) and north of England, and extending far south in place-names; ‘a flat pasture in Romney Marsh (Kent) is yet called the Holmes’ (Way). Π 12.. in J. T. Fowler Chartularium Abbathiæ de Novo Monasterio (1878) 229 Item in le Sutherholme, duas acras, in le Northerholme, tres rodas..ab australi fine del holme usque ad aquilonalem finem ejusdem holmi. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 243/2 Holm, place..be-syde a water, hulmus. 1531 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 369 For the holm bytwen the Grey Frere walle and Leen. 1803 W. Wordsworth Yarrow Unvisited v ‘Oh! green,’ said I, ‘are Yarrow's holms’. 1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at Dreghorn The holms on the banks of the rivers Annock and Irvine are a fine deep loam. 1850 W. Wordsworth Prelude i. 14 O Derwent! winding among grassy holms. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Northern Farmer: Old Style xiii Wi 'auf the cows to cauve an' Thornaby holms to plow! 1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi xiii. 264 On these holmes herds of buffaloes and waterbucks daily graze. †III. Senses relating to hills. 4. A hill. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] cloudc893 downOE hillc1000 penOE holmc1275 woldc1275 clotc1325 banka1393 knotc1400 nipc1400 rist1577 kop1835 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10409 He [þe vox] ulih to þan holme [c1300 Otho cleoue] & his hol isecheð. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10334 In-to þan haȝe wude in-to þan hæȝe holme. Compounds attributive and in other combinations (in sense 2a or 3). Π 1744 W. Stukeley in W. C. Lukis Family Mem. W. Stukeley (1882) I. 173 The Roman money found here in great abundance; they call them Holm-pennys. 1865 H. H. Dixon Field & Fern: South 308 Half bred lambs are on the holme land near the river. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). holmn.² Brit. /həʊm/, U.S. /hoʊm/ Forms: Also Middle English– holme. Etymology: A phonetic corruption of holn from Old English holen , hollin n., holly. 1. The common holly. Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > berry-bush or -tree > [noun] > holly bush hollinc725 hollyc1150 holmc1405 hulverc1430 holm-treec1450 hull1557 ilex1565 evergreen oak1629 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > cultivated or ornamental trees and shrubs > [noun] > holly hollinc725 hollyc1150 holmc1405 hulverc1430 holm-treec1450 hull1557 Christmas1706 wren-bush1901 c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2057 Ook, Fyrre, Birch, Asp, Alder, holm, popler. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 244/1 Holme, or holy, ulmus, hussus. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 107^v Holme, or Holly, is..continually greene. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes The Holly, the Holme, or Huluer tree. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 470 All the kindes of Holme be set with sharpe prickes. 1603 J. Stow Suruay of London (new ed.) 98 Nayled ful of Holme and Iuie. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 115 Feeding on holm, elder trees, and brambles. 1859 All Year Round 31 Dec. 225 Still called holme in Devonshire..in Norfolk it is called hulver. 1893 Westm. Gaz. 21 June 3/1 He ‘rattles like a boar in a holme’..is still a familiar saying. 2. = holm oak n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > oak and allies > [noun] > holm-oak prinec1390 ilexa1398 holm1552 holm-tree1565 mast-holm1577 holly-oak1597 holm oak1597 hulver oak1597 scarlet oak1597 oak-holm1601 evergreen oak1629 1552 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) at Ilex A tree called of some Holme. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 4 Sometime I list to rest me vnder an old Holme. 1591 E. Spenser Virgil's Gnat in Complaints sig. I The blacke Holme that loues the watrie vale, And the sweete Cypresse signe of deadly bale. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 495 There is an Holme growing in the Vatican, elder than Rome it selfe. 1722 tr. Virgil Pastorals i, in C. Sedley Wks. I. 262* Often from a hollow Holm the Crow Did on the left the coming Mischief show. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 25/2 The Holm, and all other Sorts of Oaks. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision II. xxxi. 145 A sturdy holm, Rent from its fibres by a blast. Compounds C1. holm-berry (dialect), holm-dish (made of holly-wood), holm-wood. See also holm oak n., holm-tree n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > [noun] > shallow vessel or dish > specific types balancea1522 cuvette1706 necromancer1747 holm-dish1771 patina1814 pan1843 coolamon1846 lanx1857 pitchi1896 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 267 Stakes and posts..of Holme wood. 1771 Gentleman's Mag. 41 489 Holm dishes held our rustic cheer. 1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles I. viii. 102 Let me put one little kiss on those holmberry lips. C2. In local names of the missel-thrush, from its feeding on holly-berries, as holm-cock, holm-screech, holm-thrush. ΚΠ 1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 244 The..missel-bird..which we call in Cornwall the holm-thrush. 1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 1 Missel Thrush..Holm thrush, Holm cock, Holm screech (Cornwall, Devon, Dorset). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹OEn.²c1405
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holmn.1

Compounds

holmn.2

Compounds

holmn.¹

holmn.²