platenn.

Brit.

/ˈplatn/, U.S.

/ˈplætn/

Forms: late Middle English plateyne, late Middle English 1700s– platen, 1500s platyne, 1500s–1800s platten, 1500s–1800s plattin, 1600s plataine, 1600s–1800s platin, 1700s platine; also Scottish pre-1700 platine, pre-1700 platton.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French platine, platain, plataine.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French platine (c1230 in Old French in sense 2; 1347 in sense 1; 1514 in sense 3a; French platine ) and its variant Anglo-Norman platain, plataine, platein, plateine, platene and Middle French plataine (13th cent. in Old French in sense 1; 1280 in Old French in sense 2; earlier in sense ‘gravestone’ (c1165 in Old French); French †plataine ) < plat flat (see plat adv.) + -ine -ine suffix⁴. Compare earlier paten n. (and compare forms at that entry).

†1. A plate, often of gold or silver, on which the bread is laid during the celebration of the Eucharist; = paten n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > paten > [noun]

patenlOE

platena1450

patel1548

bread plate1608

bread bowl1638

altar plate1647

patera1658

offertory1672

patina1868

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xvii. 49 (MED) There lefte he vp the plateyne Anon That vppon this glorious vessel was don.

1607 R. C. tr. H. Estienne World of Wonders 189 Had his challice and plattin [Fr. platine] stolne by one which holpe him to say Masse.

1624 A. Darcie tr. Originall of Idolatries xvii. 71 The Priest must lift the vaile ouer the Chalice, and release it from the Plataine, to represent the rent vaile..at Christs death.

†2. A flat plate, usually of metal, having various purposes. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > condition of being broad in relation to thickness > [noun] > object > of metal

clout1483

platen?1541

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > plate > a plate of metal

platec1300

chapec1400

platen?1541

?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens iv. sig. Piv^v Take your platyne [Fr. platine] or quyl and apply them all colde, but ye must nat let them lye long, and than gyue the cauteres to the workeman that shall applye them all hote and very flamynge.

1597 P. Lowe Whole Course Chirurg. i. ii. sig. B3 To put..a platten in the roofe of the mouth, which is needefull to those, who..haue the roofe of the mouth fallen.

1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant x. 40 Some wear upon their Heads a Kalpak, or Fur Cap; others a large round Platine, after the Fashion of the Jewish women.

1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 273 They heated red hot their actual cauteries, of which some were shaped like a button, others like an olive, and a third sort like a platin; they applied them red-hot to the orifices of the vessels as soon as the member was separated.

a. A metal (formerly wooden) plate in a printing press, which presses the paper against the inked type to obtain an impression; (more generally) a flat surface by means of which pressure is applied in any type of press. Now also in extended use: the glass surface of a photocopier or scanner, on which items are placed to be copied.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > platen

platen1594

society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for altering dimensions > [noun] > press > parts of presses

worm1548

platen1594

follower1678

thrusting-screw1794

ram1816

1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy Interchangeable Course ii. f. 22 He maketh the traine of the presse to roule..till it come vnder the vice or spindle, vnto which the plattin is fastned.

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 18 Brass Rules,..if they be but a little too high,..will bear the Plattin off the Letters that stand near them.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Platen or Platine, the Plate of a Printer's Press.

1752 J. Baskerville Let. 19 Oct. in J. E. Tierney Corr. R. Dodsley (1988) 145 I have with great pains justified the plate for the Platten & Stone on which it falls, So they are as perfect planes as it will ever be in my Power to procure.

1790 By-stander 158 That part which is called the platen is found to be insufficient to bring off an even impression.

1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. xv. 513 The face of the plattin must be perfectly level and smooth.

1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 310/1 Place the board or side upon which the stamp is placed, upon the platen of the stamping-press.

1894 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. 41 48 From the plates breaking so frequently, we suspect that the platten of the press is not perfectly true.

1927 E. V. Knight & M. Wulpi Veneers & Plywood xx. 210 The platens are alternately squeezed together to flatten the veneer, and opened up to allow the moisture to escape from the wood surfaces.

1936 H. W. Rowell Technol. Plastics xv. 97 The simple up-stroke hydraulic press with steam or electrically heated platens..is a cheap and economical machine.

1964 B. Latham Wood xiii. 159 A modern hot press may have ten, twelve, or even twenty platens, so enabling up to twenty sheets of plywood to be manufactured at each pressing operation.

1991 Photographer Sept. 5/3 Pentax has launched its latest range of cleaning cloths... They are great for specs, contact-frames, negative carrier glasses and the glass platens of scanners and photocopiers.

b. In a typewriter and some types of computer printer: a surface (usually a cylindrical roller) against which the paper is held as it is struck by the printing elements.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > typing > typewriter > [noun] > platen

roller1874

platen1890

1890 A. E. Morton Type-writing & Type-writers 12 The paper-carriage is much smaller, and the platen or cylinder differs from that of other machines in that it presents a flat surface for the types to strike against.

1899 J. Wardle Universal Typewriter Man. 45 Platen knob, for turning the Platen..either backward or forward.

1962 Which? Dec. 354/1 The bail bar, which should hold the paper against the platen, was thin and bent easily.

1976 ‘J. Fraser’ Who steals my Name? x. 122 He pressed the activate key, and..paper began to spew from the platen, printed in neat lines at the rate of ten words a second.

1989 PC World Oct. 117/1 The flatbed technology lets paper enter and exit the printer directly without wrapping around a platen.

4. The movable table of a planer, milling machine, or rotary saw.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine tool > other specific machine tools > [noun] > milling > parts of

platen1908

overarm1922

1908 S. H. Moore Mech. Engin. & Machine Shop Pract. xiii. 298 Horizontal milling machines..resemble in a way the conventional planer with its deep bed and long platen or table.

1950 C. R. Hine Machine Tools for Engineers viii. 122 The worktable, or platen, moves back and forth on the bed ways and carries the work past the tool.

1966 H. Brean Traces of Merrilee xiii. 134 The razor-like circular blade still spinning and detached from the heavy steel platen it usually stood on.

1991 Metalworking Production Sept. 28/3 Upper and lower platens of the machine are 3,05 by 2,35m (effective area 2,5 by 1,8m) and are manufactured from low creep alloys allowing them to sustain the loads applied to them at temperatures up to 990C.

Compounds

† platen-cord n. Obsolete a cord from which the platen is suspended in a manual printing press.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > platen > cord suspending platen

platen-cord1683

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 65 If the Plattin-Cords are too loose.

platen cylinder n. a cylindrical platen in a typewriter or computer printer.

ΚΠ

1909 G. C. Mares Hist. Typewriter i. 45 The platen cylinder is supported in a carriage that slides on a rod.

platen gauge n. now historical and rare an attachment to the platen of a printing press, used to hold the paper in position; = lay gauge n. at lay n.⁷ Compounds.

ΚΠ

1878 Halleck in Sci. Amer. 39 338/1 A New Platen Gauge..applied to the platen of a printing press for holding and guiding the paper that is printed upon.

platen knob n. a knob on a typewriter which turns the platen so as to advance the paper.

ΚΠ

1899 J. Wardle Universal Typewriter Man. 45 Platen knob, for turning the Platen..either backward or forward.

1928 M. Crooks Touch Typewriting for Teachers xvii. 125 The student can be trained to get the right amount of ‘flick’ with the platen knob to enable the paper to enter the machine up to whatever writing point is desired.

1987 Jrnl. Educ. Res. 81 8 Roll platen knob till paper is through to top.

platen machine n. a printing press in which an impression is made using a platen rather than cylinders.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > [noun] > platen

platen printing machine1848

platen machine1849

cropper?1881

Minerva1883

Minerva machine1888

Minerva press1888

Miehle1902

1849 Times 29 Aug. 3/2 (advt.) To be sold, a superior..platen machine..in complete working order.

1851 Illustr. Exhib. 491 An apparatus similar to the inking cylinder of the platen machine.

1971 R. Brewer Approach to Print ii. 19 Platen machines are the simplest type likely to be found in a modern printing factory.

† platen pan n. Obsolete a socket for a screw used to press down the platen in a manual printing press.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > platen > socket for spindle

platen pan1683

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 70 Into this square Frame is fitted the Stud of the Plattin Pan.

1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. 513 To receive the stud of the circular brass plattin pan.

1841 W. Savage Dict. Art of Printing Platen pan..At present it is made round, of bell metal, with a stud of hardened steel in it, for the toe of the spindle to work on.

platen plate n. (a) a square metal plate attached to the upper side of a platen, in the centre of which a platen pan is fixed (now historical); (b) = sense 3a.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > platen > iron plate on platen

platen plate1683

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 70 In the middle of the upper-side [of the Platen] is let in..an Iron Plate called the Plattin Plate.

1841 W. Savage Dict. Art of Printing at Platen pan It fits into the platen plate with a square stem.

1850 Sci. Amer. 28 Sept. 14/3 I claim the use of the side and cross strips..in combination with a tympan supported by the platen plate.

1995 Plastics Technol. (Nexis) 41 22 The SafeChange system utilizes small clamps that fit into a platen plate permanently mounted on the machine.

platen press n. a device using a platen to apply pressure to something.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for altering dimensions > [noun] > press > other presses

rolling press1785

packing press1796

steam press1801

bench press1852

platen press1854

hot press1943

1854 Sci. Amer. 21 Oct. 46/2 A single platen press of power sufficient when the shell or horn is softened or rendered expansive by heat to reduce it to a uniform thickness on the carriage as specified.

1927 E. V. Knight & M. Wulpi Veneers & Plywood xxvi. 294 Pressing plywood singly, even in the multiple platen presses,..is a slow and expensive process.

1967 V. Strauss Printing Industry vi. 278/1 Platen presses are the smallest and least complex of all widely used letterpress printing machines.

1981 R. Scruton Fortnight's Anger viii. 194 The Kid waved towards the platen press that had been screwed to the top of the Colonel's desk.

platen printing machine n. = platen machine n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > [noun] > platen

platen printing machine1848

platen machine1849

cropper?1881

Minerva1883

Minerva machine1888

Minerva press1888

Miehle1902

1848 Times 16 Dec. 1/1 (advt.) Brown's patent steam platten printing machine.

1873 H. Curwen Hist. Booksellers 468 In 1867 he introduced a platten printing machine.

1998 Scotsman (Nexis) 25 Apr. 15 In came a Heidelberg Platen printing machine and, having taught himself its intricacies, out came the first of a growing number of books and pamphlets.

platen roller n. a cylindrical platen in a typewriter or computer printer.

ΚΠ

1899 J. Wardle Universal Typewriter Man. 45 Platen roller, for the paper to rest upon when printing.

1907 F. H. Burnett Shuttle xxiii. 227 The platen roller is easily removed without a long mechanical operation.

1958 Times 24 Feb. 12/1 (advt.) For special work the typist can therefore change the platen roller..in a few seconds.

1991 S. J. Gould Bully for Brontosaurus iv. 68 We can all accept this story of QWERTY's origin, but why did it persist after the introduction of the modern platen roller and front-stroke key?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	platen
释义	platenn. Brit. /ˈplatn/, U.S. /ˈplætn/ Forms: late Middle English plateyne, late Middle English 1700s– platen, 1500s platyne, 1500s–1800s platten, 1500s–1800s plattin, 1600s plataine, 1600s–1800s platin, 1700s platine; also Scottish pre-1700 platine, pre-1700 platton. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French platine, platain, plataine. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French platine (c1230 in Old French in sense 2; 1347 in sense 1; 1514 in sense 3a; French platine ) and its variant Anglo-Norman platain, plataine, platein, plateine, platene and Middle French plataine (13th cent. in Old French in sense 1; 1280 in Old French in sense 2; earlier in sense ‘gravestone’ (c1165 in Old French); French †plataine ) < plat flat (see plat adv.) + -ine -ine suffix⁴. Compare earlier paten n. (and compare forms at that entry). †1. A plate, often of gold or silver, on which the bread is laid during the celebration of the Eucharist; = paten n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > paten > [noun] patenlOE platena1450 patel1548 bread plate1608 bread bowl1638 altar plate1647 patera1658 offertory1672 patina1868 a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xvii. 49 (MED) There lefte he vp the plateyne Anon That vppon this glorious vessel was don. 1607 R. C. tr. H. Estienne World of Wonders 189 Had his challice and plattin [Fr. platine] stolne by one which holpe him to say Masse. 1624 A. Darcie tr. Originall of Idolatries xvii. 71 The Priest must lift the vaile ouer the Chalice, and release it from the Plataine, to represent the rent vaile..at Christs death. †2. A flat plate, usually of metal, having various purposes. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > condition of being broad in relation to thickness > [noun] > object > of metal clout1483 platen?1541 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > plate > a plate of metal platec1300 chapec1400 platen?1541 ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens iv. sig. Piv^v Take your platyne [Fr. platine] or quyl and apply them all colde, but ye must nat let them lye long, and than gyue the cauteres to the workeman that shall applye them all hote and very flamynge. 1597 P. Lowe Whole Course Chirurg. i. ii. sig. B3 To put..a platten in the roofe of the mouth, which is needefull to those, who..haue the roofe of the mouth fallen. 1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant x. 40 Some wear upon their Heads a Kalpak, or Fur Cap; others a large round Platine, after the Fashion of the Jewish women. 1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 273 They heated red hot their actual cauteries, of which some were shaped like a button, others like an olive, and a third sort like a platin; they applied them red-hot to the orifices of the vessels as soon as the member was separated. 3. a. A metal (formerly wooden) plate in a printing press, which presses the paper against the inked type to obtain an impression; (more generally) a flat surface by means of which pressure is applied in any type of press. Now also in extended use: the glass surface of a photocopier or scanner, on which items are placed to be copied. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > platen platen1594 society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for altering dimensions > [noun] > press > parts of presses worm1548 platen1594 follower1678 thrusting-screw1794 ram1816 1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy Interchangeable Course ii. f. 22 He maketh the traine of the presse to roule..till it come vnder the vice or spindle, vnto which the plattin is fastned. 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 18 Brass Rules,..if they be but a little too high,..will bear the Plattin off the Letters that stand near them. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Platen or Platine, the Plate of a Printer's Press. 1752 J. Baskerville Let. 19 Oct. in J. E. Tierney Corr. R. Dodsley (1988) 145 I have with great pains justified the plate for the Platten & Stone on which it falls, So they are as perfect planes as it will ever be in my Power to procure. 1790 By-stander 158 That part which is called the platen is found to be insufficient to bring off an even impression. 1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. xv. 513 The face of the plattin must be perfectly level and smooth. 1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 310/1 Place the board or side upon which the stamp is placed, upon the platen of the stamping-press. 1894 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. 41 48 From the plates breaking so frequently, we suspect that the platten of the press is not perfectly true. 1927 E. V. Knight & M. Wulpi Veneers & Plywood xx. 210 The platens are alternately squeezed together to flatten the veneer, and opened up to allow the moisture to escape from the wood surfaces. 1936 H. W. Rowell Technol. Plastics xv. 97 The simple up-stroke hydraulic press with steam or electrically heated platens..is a cheap and economical machine. 1964 B. Latham Wood xiii. 159 A modern hot press may have ten, twelve, or even twenty platens, so enabling up to twenty sheets of plywood to be manufactured at each pressing operation. 1991 Photographer Sept. 5/3 Pentax has launched its latest range of cleaning cloths... They are great for specs, contact-frames, negative carrier glasses and the glass platens of scanners and photocopiers. b. In a typewriter and some types of computer printer: a surface (usually a cylindrical roller) against which the paper is held as it is struck by the printing elements. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > typing > typewriter > [noun] > platen roller1874 platen1890 1890 A. E. Morton Type-writing & Type-writers 12 The paper-carriage is much smaller, and the platen or cylinder differs from that of other machines in that it presents a flat surface for the types to strike against. 1899 J. Wardle Universal Typewriter Man. 45 Platen knob, for turning the Platen..either backward or forward. 1962 Which? Dec. 354/1 The bail bar, which should hold the paper against the platen, was thin and bent easily. 1976 ‘J. Fraser’ Who steals my Name? x. 122 He pressed the activate key, and..paper began to spew from the platen, printed in neat lines at the rate of ten words a second. 1989 PC World Oct. 117/1 The flatbed technology lets paper enter and exit the printer directly without wrapping around a platen. 4. The movable table of a planer, milling machine, or rotary saw. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine tool > other specific machine tools > [noun] > milling > parts of platen1908 overarm1922 1908 S. H. Moore Mech. Engin. & Machine Shop Pract. xiii. 298 Horizontal milling machines..resemble in a way the conventional planer with its deep bed and long platen or table. 1950 C. R. Hine Machine Tools for Engineers viii. 122 The worktable, or platen, moves back and forth on the bed ways and carries the work past the tool. 1966 H. Brean Traces of Merrilee xiii. 134 The razor-like circular blade still spinning and detached from the heavy steel platen it usually stood on. 1991 Metalworking Production Sept. 28/3 Upper and lower platens of the machine are 3,05 by 2,35m (effective area 2,5 by 1,8m) and are manufactured from low creep alloys allowing them to sustain the loads applied to them at temperatures up to 990C. Compounds † platen-cord n. Obsolete a cord from which the platen is suspended in a manual printing press. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > platen > cord suspending platen platen-cord1683 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 65 If the Plattin-Cords are too loose. platen cylinder n. a cylindrical platen in a typewriter or computer printer. ΚΠ 1909 G. C. Mares Hist. Typewriter i. 45 The platen cylinder is supported in a carriage that slides on a rod. platen gauge n. now historical and rare an attachment to the platen of a printing press, used to hold the paper in position; = lay gauge n. at lay n.⁷ Compounds. ΚΠ 1878 Halleck in Sci. Amer. 39 338/1 A New Platen Gauge..applied to the platen of a printing press for holding and guiding the paper that is printed upon. platen knob n. a knob on a typewriter which turns the platen so as to advance the paper. ΚΠ 1899 J. Wardle Universal Typewriter Man. 45 Platen knob, for turning the Platen..either backward or forward. 1928 M. Crooks Touch Typewriting for Teachers xvii. 125 The student can be trained to get the right amount of ‘flick’ with the platen knob to enable the paper to enter the machine up to whatever writing point is desired. 1987 Jrnl. Educ. Res. 81 8 Roll platen knob till paper is through to top. platen machine n. a printing press in which an impression is made using a platen rather than cylinders. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > [noun] > platen platen printing machine1848 platen machine1849 cropper?1881 Minerva1883 Minerva machine1888 Minerva press1888 Miehle1902 1849 Times 29 Aug. 3/2 (advt.) To be sold, a superior..platen machine..in complete working order. 1851 Illustr. Exhib. 491 An apparatus similar to the inking cylinder of the platen machine. 1971 R. Brewer Approach to Print ii. 19 Platen machines are the simplest type likely to be found in a modern printing factory. † platen pan n. Obsolete a socket for a screw used to press down the platen in a manual printing press. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > platen > socket for spindle platen pan1683 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 70 Into this square Frame is fitted the Stud of the Plattin Pan. 1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. 513 To receive the stud of the circular brass plattin pan. 1841 W. Savage Dict. Art of Printing Platen pan..At present it is made round, of bell metal, with a stud of hardened steel in it, for the toe of the spindle to work on. platen plate n. (a) a square metal plate attached to the upper side of a platen, in the centre of which a platen pan is fixed (now historical); (b) = sense 3a. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > platen > iron plate on platen platen plate1683 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 70 In the middle of the upper-side [of the Platen] is let in..an Iron Plate called the Plattin Plate. 1841 W. Savage Dict. Art of Printing at Platen pan It fits into the platen plate with a square stem. 1850 Sci. Amer. 28 Sept. 14/3 I claim the use of the side and cross strips..in combination with a tympan supported by the platen plate. 1995 Plastics Technol. (Nexis) 41 22 The SafeChange system utilizes small clamps that fit into a platen plate permanently mounted on the machine. platen press n. a device using a platen to apply pressure to something. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for altering dimensions > [noun] > press > other presses rolling press1785 packing press1796 steam press1801 bench press1852 platen press1854 hot press1943 1854 Sci. Amer. 21 Oct. 46/2 A single platen press of power sufficient when the shell or horn is softened or rendered expansive by heat to reduce it to a uniform thickness on the carriage as specified. 1927 E. V. Knight & M. Wulpi Veneers & Plywood xxvi. 294 Pressing plywood singly, even in the multiple platen presses,..is a slow and expensive process. 1967 V. Strauss Printing Industry vi. 278/1 Platen presses are the smallest and least complex of all widely used letterpress printing machines. 1981 R. Scruton Fortnight's Anger viii. 194 The Kid waved towards the platen press that had been screwed to the top of the Colonel's desk. platen printing machine n. = platen machine n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > [noun] > platen platen printing machine1848 platen machine1849 cropper?1881 Minerva1883 Minerva machine1888 Minerva press1888 Miehle1902 1848 Times 16 Dec. 1/1 (advt.) Brown's patent steam platten printing machine. 1873 H. Curwen Hist. Booksellers 468 In 1867 he introduced a platten printing machine. 1998 Scotsman (Nexis) 25 Apr. 15 In came a Heidelberg Platen printing machine and, having taught himself its intricacies, out came the first of a growing number of books and pamphlets. platen roller n. a cylindrical platen in a typewriter or computer printer. ΚΠ 1899 J. Wardle Universal Typewriter Man. 45 Platen roller, for the paper to rest upon when printing. 1907 F. H. Burnett Shuttle xxiii. 227 The platen roller is easily removed without a long mechanical operation. 1958 Times 24 Feb. 12/1 (advt.) For special work the typist can therefore change the platen roller..in a few seconds. 1991 S. J. Gould Bully for Brontosaurus iv. 68 We can all accept this story of QWERTY's origin, but why did it persist after the introduction of the modern platen roller and front-stroke key? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1450
随便看	obsidionary obsidious obsigillate obsigillation obsign obsignate obsignated obsignates obsignating obsignation obsignations obsignatorily obsignatory obsigned obsigning obsigns obsist obsistency obsistent obsited obsolesce obsolesced obsolescence obsolescences obsolescent