platen.

Brit.

/pleɪt/, U.S.

/pleɪt/

Forms: Middle English plaate, Middle English plete, Middle English–1500s playt (chiefly northern), Middle English–1500s playte (chiefly northern), Middle English–1500s playthe (chiefly northern), Middle English–1600s plaite, Middle English– plate, 1500s palte (transmission error), 1500s plaet, 1500s plathe, 1500s platte, 1600s plaut, 1600s–1700s plait; English regional 1800s– plet (Northumberland), 1900s– pleat (Kent); Scottish pre-1700 plait, pre-1700 plaite, pre-1700 plaith, pre-1700 plaitt, pre-1700 plaitte, pre-1700 playit, pre-1700 playt, pre-1700 pleate, pre-1700 pleatt, pre-1700 pleit, pre-1700 pleite, pre-1700 pleitt, pre-1700 pleitte, pre-1700 plete, pre-1700 plett, pre-1700 1700s pleat, pre-1700 1700s– plate, pre-1700 1800s– plet. N.E.D. (1907) also records a form late Middle English plathe.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French plate, plat; Latin plata.

Etymology: Partly < Anglo-Norman and Old French plate (feminine) metal ingot (end of the 11th cent.), lamina or sheet of metal (1170; 13th cent. as plates (plural) denoting a defence for the torso in the form of a jacket lined or covered with metal plates attached by rivets; subsequently also in singular in this sense), a kind of pastry (2nd half of the 14th cent.), stringpiece, large piece of wood supporting one or more timbers (early 15th cent.; also early 15th cent. as platte in this sense), construction of planks forming the base of a building (early 15th cent.), flat land (1622 as platte ), also in Anglo-Norman in senses ‘disc, hoop’, ‘board’, ‘bullion’, ‘dish’, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French plat (masculine) flat-bottomed vessel for food (1119 denoting a dish, 1328 denoting a serving platter), flat part of an object (1st quarter of the 12th cent. denoting the flat of a sword), expanse of flat land (1285), a person's usual meal (2nd half of the 14th cent.), construction of planks forming the base of a building (a1420), the food contained on a plate (1530), uses as noun of respectively the feminine and the masculine of plat plat adj., and partly < post-classical Latin plata precious metal or bullion, silver (from 10th cent.; frequently 1196–1465 in British sources), gold or silver vessels and utensils (12th cent.), flat of a sword (1277 in a British source, also as platum , 1302), piece of wood, board (1279, 1333, 1385 in British sources), plate of a plough (1280, 1355 in British sources), plate of armour, plate armour (frequently from 13th cent. in British and continental sources, also as platea , platum ), dish, platter (14th cent. in British sources), uses as noun of *plattus flat, smooth (see plat adj.). With the feminine forms compare Old Occitan, Occitan plata sheet of metal, ingot, silver, wooden board, (plural) piece of armour protecting the chest (13th cent.), flat board (1567), Catalan plata silver (1093 or earlier), sheet of metal (1321), dish (1395), Spanish plata silver (1061), sheet of metal (1275), plate of armour (1357), silver dish (1604), Portuguese prata sheet of metal (13th cent.; 1136 as plata ). With the masculine forms compare Old Occitan plat dish (a1149), Italian piatto flat dish (late 13th cent.), the stake in various gambling games (1526), flat part of an object (1561), a flat object (1660), Catalan plat dish (1410), Spanish plato dish (beginning of the 14th cent.), Portuguese prato dish, platter, flat piece of metal (1485). Compare plate v. and etymological note at that entry. Compare also plat n.²Examples of this word can be difficult to distinguish from those of plat n.² Forms which appear to indicate a long vowel or diphthong are treated here, as are early plural forms of the type plates , platis which are ambiguous as regards vowel length; forms which indicate a short vowel are treated at plat n.² In senses 1a and 5, partly after Spanish real de plata , the name of a coin (1282 or earlier), especially in the early modern period; compare also French †platte (Spanish) silver (1610 as plate ). Compare Old Frisian platte tonsure (Frisian platte plate), Middle Dutch plāte flat, hard object, coin, plate of armour, breastplate (Dutch plaat ), Middle Low German plāte flat slice (of wood, etc.), plate of metal, breastplate, apron, Old High German platta tonsure (Middle High German plate , blate breast armour, German Platte ), Old Icelandic plata breast armour, Old Swedish plata breastplate (Swedish plata ), Old Danish platte , platthe coin blank, round piece of wood, tonsure (Danish plade ). The following attestation of Old English platum is probably a transmission error for platung plating n. (compare sense 4a):OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 372 Obrizum : aurum, platum, aurum optimi coloris, smæte gold.

I. (A piece or item of) precious metal, and related senses.

†1.

a. A coin, esp. a gold or silver one; (from the 16th cent.) spec. the Spanish coin real de plata, worth an eighth of a piastre. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > (a) silver coin

silverc825

platea1275

whitea1393

white money1423

argentc1500

pringle1683

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Spanish coins > silver > real de plata

rial1508

rial of plate1555

real1558

royal of plate1559

royal1587

platea1593

a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 38 Sone so iudas of slepe was awake, þritte platen of seluer from hym weren itake..‘I nul sulle my louerd for nones cunnes eiste, bote hit be for þe þritti platen þat he me bi-taiste.’

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1191 A ðhusant [MS Aðhusant] plates of siluer god Gaf he sarra.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. xxxii. 9 I peisede to hym seluer seuene halue ouncis & ten seluerne platis.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) Matt. xxvi. 15 Thei ordeyneden to hym thritti platis [a1425 L.V. pans] of seluer.

c1440 Privity of Passion (Thornton) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 200 (MED) Þai..haue boghte me for thrytty plates.

c1460 (?c1435) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 665 My purs was falle in gret rerage..ther wer no platys briht.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxvii. f. xl^v They toke xxx. sylver plates.

a1593 C. Marlowe Jew of Malta (1633) ii. ii And if he has, he is worth three hundred plates.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) v. ii. 91 Realms & Islands were As plates dropt from his pocket.

1652 Minute Bk. Royal Coll. Surgeons Edinb. 241 Ane plate ryell and ane coper shilling.

b. Coins regarded collectively; coinage. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun]

mintOE

moneya1325

coin1393

ready money1429

plate?a1439

coinage1467

cunyec1480

cogc1555

table money1565

chinks1577

cash1596

speciesa1618

spetia1620

specie1671

coliander seed1699

coriander-seed1737

shiners1760

jinkc1775

decimal coinage1794

coriander1801

hard currency1816

rowdy1831

Oscar Asche1905

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. 2705 (MED) Gret decepcioun is in fals coignage; The plate may be briht in his shewyng, The metal fals.

c1460 (?c1435) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 665 My purs was falle in gret rerage..Oonly for lak of plate and of coignage.

a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 115 (MED) Fals plate þei make as thei can, Or monay to begile som good trew man.

2. As a mass noun.

a. Gold or silver vessels and utensils.Originally those made from a single sheet of metal rather than from separate pieces. gold (also silver) in plate: gold (or silver) in the form of vessels or utensils (rather than as coins or bullion).

ΚΠ

1345–9 Wardrobe Acct. Edward III in Archaeologia (1846) 31 36 (MED) xix lb. auri in plate.

1423 Rolls of Parl. IV. 256/2 Be it ordeined, that no Man by ne sell no Silver in Plate broken, ne in Masse, beyng as good of alay as the sterlyng, above xxx s. the pound of troie over the facion.

1434 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) IV. 235 (MED) I beseche þe Kyng..to graunte me his licence to goo..with such goodes of myne, be it in moneye, plate, or oþer þyng, as me lust to take with me.

1454 Rolls of Parl. V. 255/2 To doo our said Soveraine Lord service..drowe and compelled me for lak of paiement of my wages..to ley in plege all my grete Jowellys and the most partie of my Plate.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxi. 67 A grete quantyte of plate bothe of golde and of syluere.

1559 R. Crowley Lanquet's Epitome of Crons. (new ed.) iii. f. 121^v In festiuall dayes, when he had his nobles to any banket, he borowed plate of his frendes to furnish his cubbourdes.

1662 S. Pepys Diary 27 Apr. (1970) III. 72 A salt-sellar of silver,..one of the neatest pieces of plate that ever I saw.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 15. ¶4 Whether they keep their Coach and six, or eat in Plate.

1773 London Chron. 7 Sept. 248/3 Sacramental plate.

1846 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. in Wks. II. 73/1 The rich cupboards of embossed plate.

1870 B. Disraeli Lothair I. xiii. 112 Here and there a group of ancient plate; ewers and flagons and tall saltcellars.

1885 Law Times 79 175/1 A service of plate bequeathed by a baronet to devolve with his baronetcy.

1954 C. Beaton Glass of Fashion xvi. 285 The carpeted bathrooms furnished with pictures,..and the ‘silver’ room where the family plate was on display behind the grained wood doors of the cupboards.

1997 Church Times 26 Sept. 28/1 The world's oldest known set of church plate, communion silver unearthed at Walter Newton, Cambridgeshire, in 1975.

b. In extended use: vessels and utensils made of other materials; tableware. Also: vessels plated with silver, gold, etc.; plated ware.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun]

service1468

plate1545

gold plate1579

table service1664

table plate1669

dinner service1765

tableware1772

dinner set1796

dinnerware1800

dining set1805

serveware1958

foodware1961

sterling1974

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > plated or coated metal > [noun]

plate1545

1545 Rates Custome House sig. cij^v Plate white or blacke double or syngle hundreth pounde x.s.

1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. Pref. §4 And who but would earnestly desire that cleere and hammerable glasse of old, for plate and other utensils.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 30 Their Tables, which are strewed liberally with Dainties served up in Plate of China.

1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 413 Round the apartment..was displayed..silver and pewter plate.

1889 W. Besant Bell St. Paul's III. 263 Spoons and forks of real silver, not trumpery plate.

1949 Canning Handbk. Electro-plating (ed. 16) xxi. 338 For best quality hotel plate and E.P.N.S. spoons and forks it is customary to give a deposit of 0.002 inch in thickness.

a. As a mass noun: gold or silver leaf or foil; (precious) metal applied as a thin coating to base metal, esp. by electrolysis. Also (chiefly with distinguishing word): material produced by the application of a thin coating of metal.nickel, Sheffield plate: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > gilding and silvering > [noun] > gilding > gold or silver leaf

leafOE

platec1391

c1391 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Huntington) v. 7113* (MED) Cesar..made an ymage..The which was cleped Apollo..Of plate of gold a berd he hadde.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 3673 (MED) First fand he þare..foure hundreth postis..all pargestis of plate [L. de laminis aureis cooperti], as pure as þe noble..And þe thinnest was a nynche thicke quen þai ware þurȝe persed.

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 10 Vpon a Stith with a Mallet it [sc. gold] is brought into most thin leafe or plate.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxiv. lii. 882 Many vessels of plate of all sorts, and most engrauen.

1662 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist (new ed.) §89 Take a large Funnel of Crooked-lane plate, or of thin Brass.

1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal v. i. 62 The pure and sterling ore of charity, is a very expensive article..; whereas, the sentimental French Plate..answers the purpose full as well, and pays no tax.

1780 Encycl. Brit. V. 3300/1 In this manner silver-leaf is fixed and burnished upon brass in the making of what is called French plate.

1856 G. Gore in Orr's Circle Sci.: Pract. Chem. 92 Old worn-out articles formed of ‘Sheffield plate’.

1873 Manufacturer & Builder Oct. 221/2 They..have had one [engine] of two-horse power completely covered with nickel-plate.

1923 Manch. Guardian Weekly 10 Aug. 106/1 His end-of-term rose-bowl was only electro plate instead of the solid silver which he had stipulated.

1991 New Yorker 14 Oct. 77/1 A British handbook of metalwork identified flame gilding as the most expensive and most durable method of applying gold plate.

1999 C. Mendelson Home Comforts xlv. 554/2 Silver plate is made of a base metal, such as copper or brass, electroplated with a thin silver coating.

b. As a count noun: a thin coating of (precious) metal, esp. one applied electrolytically; = plating n. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > plated or coated metal > [noun] > plating or coating applied to metal

platc1380

plate1665

plating1788

1665 R. Head Eng. Rogue I. sig. Bb6^v This here is a George Plateroon, being all Copper within, and only a thin Plate about it.

1915 Chem. News 10 Dec. 288/1 Plates on various stock pieces satisfactorily withstood the various bending, hammering, and burnishing tests.

1946 Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 89 384 The nickel-cobalt plate is whiter, harder and more corrosion-resistant than nickel deposits.

1959 T. M. Rogers Hand-bk. Pract. Electroplating 14 The work is..given a thin plate of Rochelle copper.

1974 P. D. Groves Electrochem. xii. 92 A mixture of nickel (II) sulphate and nickel (II) chloride together with a boric acid buffer and a wetting agent..produces a good plate which resists wear and abrasion, even at high temperatures.

4. Heraldry. A roundel; spec. a roundel argent, representing a flat piece of silver with a plain surface (sometimes understood as a silver coin).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > less honourable charge > circular device > of specific tinctures

pelletc1425

plate1466

bezant1486

cake1486

gunstone1486

ogle1486

talent1486

torteau1486

tortlet1486

wastel1486

ogressa1550

golpe1562

guze1562

orange1562

pomeis1562

plat1592

fountain1610

tortey1688

1466 in Publ. Mod. Lang. Soc. (1907) 22 602 (MED) xv frenshemen..have nowe late Chalengid xv English men to the outraunce, they beryng a plate of goolde for their devise till their Armes be doon.

1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory 150 These are called plates, because they are of Siluer, and haue no simylitude on them, but plaine round, as though they were shaped to y^e coygne.

1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 116 The field is Uert, iij. Piles de Or, ij. descending, & i. ascending in point of the fesse, in chiefe a plate betwene ij. Trefoiles, de Argent.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 458/1 He beareth Argent, an Oval Bazant (or a Plate) charged with a Rose Gules.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Balls or Bullets..are never called so in Heraldry, but according to their several Colours have the following Names; Besants, when the Colour is Or. Plates, when 'tis Argent [etc.].

1863 C. Boutell Man. Heraldry vi. 31 In representation, the Bezant, Plate, and Fountain are flat, but the other Roundles are to appear spherical.

1866 J. E. Cussans Gram. Heraldry 24 The Bezant, Plate, and Fountain are always represented flat.

1988 T. Woodcock & J. M. Robinson Oxf. Guide Heraldry 66 The roundel Argent or plate produces the canting coat of Standish.

†5.

a. Precious metal or bullion; spec. silver. Frequently in royal of plate: the Spanish coin real de plata, worth an eighth of a piastre. Cf. sense 1a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun]

ore?c1225

plate1559

earth1612

precious metal1629

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] > silver

silverc825

lunac1386

argenta1533

plate1559

Diana1706

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Spanish coins > silver > real de plata

rial1508

rial of plate1555

real1558

royal of plate1559

royal1587

platea1593

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Spanish coins > silver > Spanish dollar

royal of plate1559

piastre1592

rial of eight1598

piece of eight1606

royal of eight1606

real of eight1612

rial1640

plate-piece of eight1680

cob1681

cross-dollar1689

duro1777

1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 78 Some vse..a pipe of white plate or other metall, very longe, writhen into many boughtes and tourninges.

a1589 R. Tomson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1600) 454 The whole quarter of an oxe, as much as a slaue can carry away from the Butchers, for fiue Tomynes, that is, fiue Royals of plate, which is iust two shillings and sixe pence.

1589 C. Ocland Fountaine Variance, Sedition & Deadlie Hate 26 The summe offered or giuen did amount to ten or eleuen Royals of plate.

1626 G. Sandys tr. Ovid Metamorphosis xi. 219 Assumed viands straight Betweene his greedie teeth conuert to plate.

1671 tr. J. de Palafox y Mendoza Hist. Conquest of China by Tartars xxxii. 567 The buttons are ordinary of Plate, either Silver or Gold.

1702 N. Luttrell Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) V. 185 The Spanish governours..are resolved not to suffer any plate to be brought thence to Europe.

1740 Earl of Sandwich tr. A. A. Barba Metals, Mines & Min. (ed. 2) 59 And find Abundance of Plate in them, which can be attributed to nothing but to the perpetual Generation of Silver.

1748 tr. P. Lozano True Relation Earthquake Lima i. 30 Thirteen Chests of Ryals of Plate.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 267 The superior value, however, of the silver plate above that of the gold, which takes place in all countries, will much more than compensate the preponderancy of the gold coin.

b. Standard of value of Spanish silver coins, as old plate, new plate, etc. Obsolete (historical in later use ).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > value of money > [noun] > standard of Spanish silver

platea1680

a1680 Lady Fanshawe in Lady Halkett & Lady Fanshawe Mem. (1979) 174 8550 ducats plate, which is about 2000lb sterling.

1774 E. Long Hist. Jamaica II. 570 There are industrious Jews in this island who carry on a profitable business by purchasing dollars with royals of the old plate.

1788 Chambers's Cycl. (new ed.) at Coins Maravedis of Madrid, etc., new plate... Maravedis of Barcelona, etc., old plate.

1811 P. Kelly Universal Cambist II. 188 Silver coins..Spain..Real of Mexican Plate (1775)..6¼ d... Real of new plate (1795)..5 d.

1900 Publ. Amer. Econ. Assoc. 3rd Ser. 1 39 By this proclamation, the Seville piece of eight, old plate, and the Mexican piece of eight were each valued at 4s. 6d. sterling.

6. Embroidery. Braided threads of gold or silver, used in decorative edging, etc. Cf. bullion n.⁴ 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > thread or yarn > [noun] > metallic > gold or silver > twist of

plate1576

1576 in J. Arnold Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd (1988) 220/2 ix oz di of riche venice lase made of golde pirle plate & spangelles.

1672 E. Ashmole Inst. Order of Garter 213 They were then, and for a long time after, garnished or powdered all over with little Garters, embroided with Silk and Gold Plate.

1703 Kilburne's Choice Presidents Acts of Parl. (ed. 7) 456 Spinners of Gold and Silver Thread, laying Gold or Silver Plate on Silk, in other proportions as aforesaid, to forfeit 2 s. an Ounce.

1747 Philos. Trans. 1746 (Royal Soc.) 44 161 Instead of common Thread, I used Silver and Gold Twist, or what, I think, the Ladies call Plate.

1880 L. Higgin Handbk. Embroidery i. 9 Plate consists of narrow plates of gold or silver stitched on to the embroidery by threads of silk.

1881 C. C. Harrison Woman's Handiwork Mod. Homes i. 54 Bullion, passing, plate and spangles are employed in silk embroidery.

1987 Workbox Spring–Summer 45/1 (advt.) We are long established manufacturers of..passings, plate, threads..and braids.

7. Originally and chiefly Horse Racing. A silver or gold trophy given to the winner of a race or other sporting contest; (hence) a contest, esp. a horse race, in which such a trophy is awarded.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] > types of

all comersc1450

after-gamea1500

fore-game1594

revenge1616

plate1639

set-to1743

return match1753

bye1754

scrub-race1791

anybody's game (also race, match)1826

return1834

barney1843

bonspiel1858

handicap1861

pennant1865

home-and-home1868

benefit match1871

run-off1873

international1877

American tournament1878

Grand Prix1879

single1884

friendly1885

all-comers1889

pair1890

championship1893

round robin1894

replay1895

Olympiad1896

junior varsity1902

lightning tournament1903

rematch1903

road trip1903

pickup1905

freestyle1906

marathon1908

test1908

Derby1909

scrimmage1910

eliminator1911

twosome1911

triala1914

quadrangular1916

slug-fest1916

varsity match1921

needle contest1922

curtain jerker1923

needle match1923

open1926

needle fight1927

knock-out1928

shirt1930

masters1933

pro-amateur1934

tune-up1934

World Cup1934

pro-am1937

state1941

sizzler1942

runathon1943

mismatch1954

run-out1955

match-up1959

squeaker1961

triple-header1961

Super Bowl1967

invitational1968

needle game1970

major1976

slobberknocker1986

society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > [noun] > winning or win > awards and prizes

garland?a1513

plate1639

cupc1640

dog plate1686

gold medal1694

gold cup1718

sweepstake1773

trophy1822

bronze medal1852

shield1868

statuette1875

pot1885

team honours1895

letter1897

silver medal1908

school colour1913

gold1945

bronze1960

silver1960

Fed Cup1965

1639 R. Verney Let. in F. P. Verney et al. Mem. Verney Family Civil War (1892) I. viii. 185 ‘My Lord Carlile's white nagg,’ says Ralph, ‘hath beaten Dandy, and Sprat woone the cup, and Cricket the plate.’

1675 London Gaz. No. 1012/4 The Plate at Rowell Slade, in the County of Northampton, will be continued on the first Thursday of September, and will be worth about Forty pound.

1698 Bodl. Charters, Norfolk No. 533. Article 14 Every owner of any horse that starteth for this plate shall be obliged to sell such horse..for thirty Guineys.

1713 R. Steele Guardian No. 6. ⁋5 Not to be particular, he puts in for the Queen's plate every year.

1759 S. Johnson Idler 23 June 193 I had a chesnut horse..who won four plates.

1816 W. Combe Eng. Dance of Death II. 58 Every horse had won a Plate.

1892 Daily News 2 Mar. 3/6 Silvercrown..having galloped eighteen horses to a standstill for the Crawford Plate at Newmarket in 1886.

1910 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 728/2 In 1739 an act was passed to prevent racing by ponies and weak horses,..which also prohibited prizes or plates of less value than £50.

1997 Shetland Times 21 Nov. 40/2 A plate event was also held for the first round losers. The men's doubles winners were Ian Smith and Davy Leslie.

II. A flat sheet or lamina, and related senses.

a. A flat, usually rigid sheet or lamina of metal, having an even surface and more or less uniform thickness; spec. a flat piece of steel or other metal produced by rolling, and usually more than 3mm in thickness.In early instances, esp. in the plural, not separable from plat n.² 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > condition of being broad in relation to thickness > [noun] > object

platec1300

plat1349

pal?1541

slat1634

pallet1722

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > plate > a plate of metal

platec1300

chapec1400

platen?1541

c1300 St. Vincent (Laud) 79 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 187 (MED) He let nime platus of Ire, sum-del þunne and brode..gret fuyr he let þar-on make.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Kings xviii. 16 Ezechias brac þe dores of þe temple of þe Lord & þe platis [L. laminas] of gold, þe whiche he hadde affitched.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 195 (MED) Þou schalt stoppe þe mouþ of þe vessel þat is aboue þat þe whete is ynne with a plate of bras ouþer of iren.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 125 (MED) The kyng of þat contre hath a paleys..& alle þe walles withinne ben covered with gold & syluer in fyn plates; And in þo plates ben stories & batayles of knyghtes enleved.

a1475 Recipe Painting in Archæol. Jrnl. (1844) 1 154 For to make vertegrece: Take platis of clene copper..and hong thes platis in the same maner as ȝe doth platis of leed, [etc.].

1533 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 84 For xx plaitis of quhite irne to be ane skons to the chymnay in the Kingis chalmer.

1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. cij Make of Copper Plates,..a foursquare vpright Pyramis, or a Cone.

1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick ii. i. 153 A leaden bullet shot from one of these gunnes..will be beaten into a thinne plate.

1692 in A. W. C. Hallen Acct. Bk. Sir J. Foulis (1894) 147 For 2 transum plaits, 1 swibar plait, a perch plait, a mainshekell, a houkit clout to the poull end.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Mill A little Machine consisting of two Cylinders of Steel, serving to flatten the Gold, or Silver Wire, and reduce it into Laminæ, or Plates.

1793 G. Maxwell Gen. View Agric. Huntingdon 10 Instead of a foot or wheel, to support the beam of the plough, they use what is called a scaife, which is a circular plate of iron, turning constantly round.

1833 J. Lardner Manuf. Metal II. 170 The front of the stove, generally cast in a single plate, and fitting within the jambs, or chimney bottom.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 75 A plate of polished iron or steel.

1947 T. J. Reynolds & L. E. Kent Structural Steelwork (ed. 8) iii. 29 The mill shown in the foreground is the finishing mill, and it has reduced the steel to the form of a plate.

1991 Atom (UK Atomic Energy Authority) Jan. 3/3 The new mechanical rig at Risely can test the strength of large plates of metal by exerting a force of up to 10 000 tonnes.

b. A flat sheet, slice, or lamina of any non-metallic material. Also figurative.

ΚΠ

?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 575 (MED) And laye worte leues þeron, or of yve, vnder clothes or vpon threfolde cloþes, and some plate of lether or of brasse or of siluer bounden þeron.

?a1440 Hortus Vocab. in Trans. Bristol & Gloucs. Archaeol. Soc. (1923) 45 271 Crusta, a plate of gold or seluer or of other metal or tre or ston.

1587 R. Hakluyt tr. R. de Laudonnière Notable Hist. Foure Voy. Floriday in Princ. Navigations (1599) I. 339 This king sent me a plate of a minerall that came out of this mountaine.

1593 B. Barnes Parthenophil & Parthenophe 95 Thou that those smooth browes, like plates of Iuory plained.

a1618 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Diuine Weekes & Wks. (1621) ii. iv. 512 Cold Capricorn hath pav'd all Iuda twice With brittle plates of crystal-crusted Ice.

1638 R. Brathwait Psalmes of David iv. 201 His roofes with starre-set seas he seeles, Their beames in plates of waters binds.

1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 64 Getting Plates of glass thick and broad enough.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. iii. 36 One..Plate of Adamant, shooting up to the Height of about two Hundred Yards.

1791 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 81 27 The front of this vessel is a plate of glass, and the back a tin-plate slider.

1818 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1 287 Projecting spines or fibres cut transversely at a distance from the vegetable, and leaving traces of their section on a plate of shale.

1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics xii. 102 The method used by Sir Isaac Newton for producing a thin plate of air.

1890 T. Preston Theory of Light 373 The biquartz..consists of two semicircular plates of quartz placed in juxtaposition.

1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xiii. 326 The scapula is a triangular plate of bone, of which the apex is directed downwards and forwards.

1991 G. Ehrlich Islands, Universe, Home ix. 153 Imbricated plates of ice have thawed and refrozen.

c. As a mass noun: metal beaten, rolled, or cast into sheets; spec. sheets of rolled steel or iron, usually more than 3mm in thickness.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > plate

platea1460

plating1599

a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 2281 (MED) For firing of the yatis make obstacle, Couer hem with hidys and with iron plate.

1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 88 Doubles of plate for charging ladelles.

1663 Marquis of Worcester Cent. Names & Scantlings Inventions 92 The bottom made of Iron-plate Spade-wise.

1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ii. 23 Take care when you elect this thin piece of Plate, that it be broad enough for the ward.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 289/1 The parts of a Shuttle are,..the Sole, is the Bottom of it, which is smooth shod with Iron Plate.

1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea I. xxxvii. 254 Bridles..mounted with silver, with a mane-piece of plate.

1870 J. Ruskin Wks. (1872) III. 153 When metal is beaten thin, it becomes what is technically called ‘plate’.

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 108 Black-plate, sheet iron before tinning.

1936 E. A. Atkins & A. G. Walker Electr. Arc & Oxy-acetylene Welding (ed. 3) viii. 76 Cylinders for dissolved acetylene are manufactured from the best quality steel plate or tube, the ends usually being attached by welding.

1992 D. Morgan Rising in West ii. viii. 144 In Klamath Falls, they bought some steel plate and some water tanks and found a blacksmith to weld them onto the dump trucks to make workable water wagons.

a. A thin piece of steel or iron used as armour for a part of the body, either as a separate piece or to overlap with others in composing a suit of armour. In later use also: a piece of metal cladding used as armour for a warship, armoured vehicle, etc. †pair (of) plates: armour consisting of a breastplate and backplate.armour plate, breastplate: see also the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > [noun] > plate- or scale-armour > plate or scale of

platec1330

lamea1586

shell1585

scale1809

mascle1818

c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) 1761 (MED) Wiþ is swerd a hitte is scheld..Hauberk, plate [v.r. brestplate], and aktoun, In to Beues forþer arsoun Half a fot he karf doun riȝt.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 3689 (MED) A rideþ to Richard..& on þe scheld hym smot; þorȝ-out ys scheld & is habreioun, Plates, & iakke, & ioupoun, þorȝ-out al it ȝot.

c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 2121 Som wol haue a peire plates large.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 2017 (MED) Fyrst he clad hym in his cloþez þe colde for to were, And syþen his oþer harnays..Boþe his paunce and his platez, piked ful clene.

a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) 1864 (MED) He..armed hym in Mayle and sure platys.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1213 (MED) He girdis in with a ging armed in plates [a1500 Trin. Dub. grathed in playthes].

a1486 Ordinances Chivalry in Archaeologia (1900) 57 40 (MED) A peyre of platus and xxx Gyders.

a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 47 (MED) Thay wentyn out of har shippis..Some with longe Swerdys, Some with Iryn Platys [a1525 Trin. Dub. pletes] and roune sheldys.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene i. viii. 42 His rawbone armes, whose mighty brawned bowrs Were wont to rive steele plates.

1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 31 To fashion out the plates and instruments of armed Justice in defence of beleaguer'd Truth.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 512 A mighty Spear..Pierc'd all the brazen Plates, and reach'd his Heart.

1742 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Almain Rivets, a certain light kind of Armour with Plates of Iron for the Defence of the Arms; used by Germans.

1834 R. M. Bird Calavar I. xvi. 172 He was in full armour, but the iron plates were rusted on his body, and in many places shattered.

1887 K. Tynan Shamrocks 25 He stood up like a pillar, and put his armour on, Its gold plates dinted with the blows of battles.

1908 H. G. Wells War in Air i. 11 Some confusion of ideas about armour plates.

1991 in B. MacArthur Despatches from Gulf War 350 Chobham armour passed its only battlefield test when a Warrior vehicle was hit by a shell and lost only one armour plate.

b. As a mass noun: armour composed of metal pieces fastened together or fixed to a textile or leather garment, etc. In later use also: metal cladding used as armour for a warship, armoured vehicle, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > [noun] > plate- or scale-armour

platec1390

almain rivet1512

rivet1548

bards1551

plate armour1656

scale-armour1842

scale1853

c1390 G. Chaucer Sir Thopas 2055 And ouer that a fyn hauberk Was al ywroght of Iewes werk. Ful strong it was of plate, And ouer that his cote armour.

a1450–1509 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (A-version) (1913) 375 (MED) For plate, ne for acketton, For hawberke, ne for campeson, Suche a stroke he neuer had none ore.

?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 368 (MED) Now that quene is ded, ye coward knytys in plate..brynge me that bychyd body, I red.

1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne i. 22 Playted lockes pressing with cap of plate.

1602 in J. Nicolson & R. Burn Hist. Westmorland & Cumberland (1777) I. 595 To be armed with jack, steel cap, plaite sleeves, plaite breeches, plaite socks.

a1674 J. Milton Brief Hist. Moscovia (1682) i. 16 Their Armour is a Coat of Plate, and a Skull on their Heads.

1763 J. Hoole tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered I. vi. 177 The weapons pierce or sever plate and mail.

1820 J. A. Heraud Legend St. Loy iv. 150 Riven his plate, and pierced his mail, Battered his crest, and broke his blade.

1869 C. Boutell tr. J. P. Lacombe Arms & Armour x. 195 A gorget of plate at times was worn about the neck.

1934 G. C. Stone Gloss. Arms & Armor 622/2 The tonlet suit..had wide, bell-shaped skirts of plate which were often solid and elaborately fluted with deep vertical folds.

1986 J. McPhee Rising from Plains 123 The United States was desperately short of vanadium, an alloy that enables steel to be effective as armor plate.

1989 R. L. O'Connell Of Arms & Men vi. 103 A fully trained longbowman was a formidable military asset, capable of piercing mail consistently and plate at short ranges.

†10. A type of confectionery made in a flat cake. Cf. sugar-plate n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > flat sweet

sugar-platec1333

plate1356

candy-platea1657

clear-cake1746

Fruit Roll-Up2004

1356 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 555 (MED) Una libra de Whibibbes..di. libr. de blaunche poudre..una lb. de plate..una lb. de dragy.

?c1425 Recipe in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Arun. 334) (1790) 455 (MED) Take sugre plate or gynger plate, or paste royale, and kutte hom of losenges.

c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 81 He resceyvyth..all manner of spyces to make confections, garquinces, plaates, sedes, and all other spycery nedefull... One yeoman..to be well learned in the makinge of confections, plates, gandequinces, and others.

1533 in J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices (modernized text) III. 537/4 Comfits..1 box of plate /7.

1620 T. Venner Via Recta 152 There is likewise made of Violets and Sugar, certaine Plates, called, Violet Tables.

a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry V ccclxvi, in Poems (1878) IV. 192 Soe saue the Ipocras, and Candy Plate.

11. Any of the metal discs comprising an astrolabe; spec. any of the interchangeable discs placed within the mother. Now historical.

ΚΠ

c1392 Equatorie of Planetis 32 (MED) The white thred þat thow puttest in his centre defferent in the plate (lamina) mot ben in stide of the white thred þat othre planetes han in hir centres equantis.

a1450 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe i. §3. 2 The moder of thin Astrelabye is thikkest plate, perced with a large hool, that resceiveth in hir wombe the thynne plates compowned for diverse clymates.

1561 R. Eden tr. M. Cortés Arte Nauigation iii. sig. I.vi Commynge forth on the other syde of the Astrolabie, muste be a hole made sydewaye through the pynne, close to the plate of the Astrolabie.

1841 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 10 ii. 764 On making computation from his data..I could readily discover, with one exception, the stars inscribed on the plate.

1917 Amer. Math. Monthly 24 66 The plates bear lines dividing the celestial sphere into twelve astrological ‘houses’.

1994 Fontana Hist. Astron. & Cosmol. iv. 125 It is the relative motion of the two discs (rete and plate) that is of importance.

12. Architecture. A horizontal beam of timber at the top or bottom of a frame, usually supporting other portions of a structure. Now usually with modifying word, as roof plate, wall plate, window plate, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > horizontal or transverse support > in a framework

platea1395

rail1678

headrail1857

a1395 in Archaeologia (1832) 24 307 (MED) In stipendio ij sarratorum sarrantium meremium pro walplates et bemes, et plaunchborde et plegges.

1428 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 174 (MED) In the said ȝer..was performed þe Wallez of our hale on bothe þe sydys upe tule þe plate of the roffe.

1449 in Cal. Proc. Chancery Queen Elizabeth (1827) I. p. liv (MED) The platez of þe same hous shullen be in brede x inchis and in thiknes viij inches.

1640 New Haven Colonial Rec. (1857) I. 37 As for sills, beames, plates or such like timber.

1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 72 Rafters ten and seven inches,..Plates the same.

1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ix. Explan. Terms 170 Plate, a piece of Timber upon which some considerable weight is framed... Hence Ground-Plate,..Window-plate, &c.

1792 Hubard Papers in C. R. Lounsbury Illustr. Gloss. Early Southern Archit. & Landscape (1994) 281 There was recorded a ‘Bill of scantling for the House 18 feet by 22 feet, 2 stories high... 2 End plates 18 ft 8 in by 13 in... 2 Middle plates 22 ft 11 in by 13 in.’

1845 G. Flagg Let. 10 Jan. in Flagg Corr. (1986) 59 We have upwards of six thousand Rails hauled in all and have finished hauling and hewing timber for Plates and Posts to our barn.

1901 J. Black Illustr. Carpenter & Builder Ser.: Home Handicrafts 68 The plate is regarded as the weakest part of a greenhouse, as it is so situated as to be almost constantly moist or alternately wet and dry. Never should a plate be left with its upper surface flat.

1951 H. Braun Introd. Eng. Mediaeval Archit. iv. 80 The feet of the rafters rest upon a horizontal timber known as a ‘plate’.

1991 Do it Yourself Fall 24/1 Upright members called studs butt against top and bottom horizontal members called plates.

13.

†a. A smooth or polished sheet of metal, etc., for writing or engraving on. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > incising or intaglio > [noun] > equipment

platea1400

penc1400

pointel1561

pointrel1659

spade1850

oil ring1902

a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 87 Ho schal ȝeue to me that my wordes be wryten..that they be eered in a book wiþ a poyntel of yren and in a plate of leed [L. plumbi lamina]?

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Job xix. 24 With an yrun poyntil, ethir with a plate of leed; ethir with a chisel be grauun in a flynt.

?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxvi. sig. H ij ^v Ye shall vppon some plaine borde, plate, or suche like, drawe a straight line.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 85 Which also you haue imprinted in the tables of your remembrance, and ingrauen in the plates of your deep understanding.

c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 33 Another plate of lead with her Majesties armes drawne on it.

1842 I. Williams Baptistery I. ii. 133 Writ..With a diamond-pointed pen, On a plate of adamant.

b. A small (usually metal) panel bearing a name or inscription, for affixing to a wall, door, or other surface; a plaque, a tablet. Now chiefly in brass plate.coffin, door, letter, nameplate: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written text > an inscription > [noun] > inscribed tablet, slab, or plate

tableOE

tabletc1350

titlea1382

tablature1578

aback1592

plate1668

breastplate1773

stela1776

stele1820

brass plate1836

palimpsest1876

plaque1922

1668 P. Fisher (title) The Catalogue of Most of the Memorable Tombes, Grave-stones, Plates, Escutcheons, or Atchievements in the..Churches of London.

1815 W. Wordsworth White Doe of Rylstone vii. 130 Plate of monumental brass Dim-gleaming among weeds and grass.

1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xxxiii. 277 Of no greater importance than the plate, ‘Brass, Solicitor,’ upon the door.

1894 H. Caine Manxman v. vi A line of houses having brass plates.

1900 J. L. Robertson Horace in Homespun 186 Nae pillars rise at my door-cheeks, Nae plate adorns my door.

1989 J. Gardam Dixie Girls in Showing Flag (1990) 23 A brass plate announced The Grove and beneath it a brown plate added ‘Retirement Home. No tradesmen’.

c. A panel carried by a motor vehicle displaying its registration number; = number-plate n. at number n. Compounds 1b, licence plate n. at licence n. Compounds.Chiefly in plural, referring to the pair of plates typically carried by a vehicle.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > number plate

number-plate1869

registration plate1883

identification plate1901

plate1919

licence plate1926

tag1935

index plate1973

1919 Outing Mar. 332/2 In California, the car owner has a permanent license and uses the same set of plates from year to year. Even though he sells his car and buys a new one, he still keeps his number.

1950 J. D. MacDonald Brass Cupcake (1955) iii. 23 She's got a grey Chevvy business coupé with Massachusetts plates.

1973 ‘R. Lewis’ Blood Money vi. 67 That car..ended in some garage with a bent mechanic stripping it, respraying it, changing the plates.

1975 Drive New Year 98/1 Secondhand plates are not expensive but they can be difficult to obtain.

1989 R. Banks Affliction v. 74 Out on the highway, cars with out-of-state plates hurried south.

14. A flat sheet or slab of metal or other material, forming a specific part of a mechanism or structure.

a. A shaped plate by which the mechanism of the lock of a firearm is supported and attached to the main part of the weapon.

ΚΠ

1590 Edinb. Dean of Guild Accts. 402 For mending the stok lock..& for making ane..baksprent & plait thairto.

1682 London Gaz. No. 1768/4 He had a Case of Holster-Pistols, with R. Silke Engraven on the Plate of the Lock.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. vii. §8 In a Lock—The Bolt or Shoot... The Staples, those as holds the Bolt to the Plate.

c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 11 On the stock is a..lock plate.

a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 690/1 Plate, (Fire-arm.), the side of the lock.

1985 Christie's Sale Catal. Mod. & Vintage Firearms 20 Mar. 27/1 Patent strikers, non-rebounding sidelocks with chamfered plates.

1990 Guns & Ammo Sept. 103/2 A true sidelock, the Derby's plates are of the Holland hand-detachable type.

b. A sheet of metal, etc., forming part of a structure or a rigid covering for a structure.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > condition of being broad in relation to thickness > [noun] > object > forming part of a mechanism or structure

plate1633

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > plating > a plate

plate1863

1633 in C. E. Sayle Ann. Cambr. Univ. Libr. (1916) 73 Item to the Smith for Locks, barrs and plates for the presse in the Library for the Dukes bookes.

1716 tr. N. Gauger Mechanism of Fire made in Chimneys 95/1 If it be made of Tin it is expedient to fasten the several Plates with Rivets and not to be content only with soldering them, otherwise they'll not continue long joined together.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 313 The bottom of the furnace..the holes in the damping plate.

1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 231 The plate and angle-bar mills are capable of turning out 20,000 tons of plates and angle-bars annually, for ships, boilers, or bridges.

1897 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 52 32 The plates are removed from the swilling tanks.

1902 Westm. Gaz. 4 Nov. 8/2 The four fire-boxes will want new crown plates.

1999 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 18 Apr. d11 Unplug the machine [sc. a vacuum cleaner] and lay it on its side. Unscrew the bottom plate to access the fan and clean out any obstruction.

c. The front or back facing of a lock, watch, or clock.

ΚΠ

1654 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 423 For the making up tua new lockis that was brokin..sprentis and plaitis brised and brokin.

1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ii. 23 To every ward on the Plates you must make a slit or ward in the Bit of the Key.

1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 111/2 To the main plate [of a lock] belong the key-hole,..bolt-toe or bolt-knob.

1873 Patents for Inventions: Abridgem. Specif. Locks 134 A screw pin..is fitted to the lock plate.

1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 199 The plates of a watch are the discs of brass which form the foundation of the movement... The plates of a clock are the two pieces of brass which receive the pivots of the train.

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 651/2 Plates, the circular or rectangular plates of brass which form the framework of a watch or clock.

1984 Antiquarian Horology Dec. 106 (advt.) A nice silver paircased mock pendulum verge watch by Lestourgeon, the top plate with a portrait of Queen Anne.

d. Scottish. = plat n.² 5. Sc. National Dict. at Plate adj., adv., n.¹, v. notes the currency of this sense in the form plet in Perthshire and of the diminutive formation plettie in Shetland in the 20th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > stairs > [noun] > landing

half-pace1611

landing-place1611

rest1611

resting place1645

plate1661

hearth-pacec1675

foot pace1679

stand1709

flat1730

quarter-pace1730

landing1789

landing floor1856

1661 Funeral Acct. Marquess of Montrose (National Arch. Scotl.) in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue V. 560/1 Ane hundreth daillis to be skaffalds pletts & ane staige..for the doune taking of my lord marques head.

1702 in Sc. National Dict. (1968) VII. 161/3 The said Thomas obleidges himself to furnish the stons for the said stair, plates thereof, and pillar of the same.

1734 in W. Stevenson Kirk & Parish Auchtertool (1908) 180 To steps and a pleat for the stair..£20 5s.

†e. A flat slab or platform on which bait is placed in a spring trap. More fully bait-plate. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1851 S. F. Baird tr. J. G. Heck Iconogr. Encycl. IV. Technol. 160 The wild cat is caught by means of the iron plate baited in the same way as for the fox.

1880 W. Carnegie Pract. Trapping 35 The traps if baited will require about twenty grains of corn to be placed on the plate.

1892 Scribner's Mag. Dec. 727 If you set a great trap and within my reach bring it, No doubt I can jump on the bait-plate and spring it.

f. A centreboard on a boat.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > bottom or part under water > [noun] > keel and kelson > keel > types of

sliding keel1797

centreboard1828

bilge-keel1850

ram1851

rocker1859

sidebar keel1869

bar-keel1874

plate-keel1874

bilge-piece1880

fin1885

bulb-keel1893

fin-keel1893

ballast fin1894

bulb-fin1894

plate1895

drop-keel1896

1895 Outing 26 488/2 Her draft will be 7 inches, and she will carry a dagger plate of ³/ ₁₆ bronze.

1930 A. Ransome Swallows & Amazons ii. 25 Most sailing-dinghies have centre-boards, plates which can be let down through their keels, to make them sail better against the wind.

1987 Yachts & Yachting May 23/3 A non-capsizing keelboat was produced which drew no more than 30 inches, considerably less than most dinghies with their plates down.

15. A type of horseshoe, esp. a light shoe worn by horses when racing. Cf. plate v. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > shoeing of horses > [noun] > horseshoe > types of horseshoe

remove1512

lunette1566

half-moon shoe1607

pancelet1607

plate1607

patten shoe1639

linnet-hole1662

cross-bar shoe1675

interfering shoe1678

pantofle shoe1696

panton shoe1696

cutting-shoe1711

skim1795

skimmer1801

bar-shoe1831

sandal1831

tip1831

racket1846

hipposandal1847

slipper1903

stumbling-shoe1908

mud-shoe1940

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice iv. 36 The horse standing full vpon his feete, the outmoste end of the plates must be as hie from the ground as the horses fetlocke, and they must haue their ends turned vpward backe againe towards the horses hinder legs.

1696 W. Hope tr. J. de Solleysel Compleat Horseman (1702) i. xlii. 172 They had shod their Horses with light Shoes or Plates, the Night before the Course.

1755 New Method Shoeing in tr. É.-G. La Fosse Observ. & Discov. made upon Horses 82 In Turky the horse's heels and soles are covered with a plate which serves them instead of shoes.

1836 Spirit of Times 20 Feb. 6/2 Having the misfortune to break the plate on her left hind foot on one side,..she was withdrawn after the first heat.

1840 D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rural Sports §1238 Racing plates for the feet [of horses] are of two kinds—the full and the three-quarter... The plate must not be put on nearer the end of the horse's heels than there is sound horn for it to rest upon.

1937 E. Rickman On & off Racecourse vi. 130 If a horse is to be relieved of the considerable weight of these shoes, during a race they must be replaced by light plates made of aluminium or other suitable alloy.

1965 D. Francis Odds Against viii. 119 Horses race in thin light shoes called plates... Blacksmiths change them before and after, every time a horse runs.

16. Anatomy, Medicine, Zoology, and Botany. A thin, flat, organic structure or formation, frequently one composed of hard tissue.blood, end-, gill, neural plate: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > shape > [noun] > scale or plate

plate1658

squamula1754

squamule1858

1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 985 The Bruchus... The Male..from the back to the tail it is set out with six leek coloured plates running across from the back to both sides.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 23 The Gloworm..the broad flat cap or plate which covers her head.

1722 W. Gibson Farrier's New Guide (ed. 3) i. vi. 80 The Frontal or Forehead Bone... Between its Lamina or Plates there is a double Cavity.

1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. p. x The fine disposition of plates in the shell of the Tortoise.

1842 H. Miller Old Red Sandstone (ed. 2) iii. 73 A strong armour of bony plates.

1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 145 The ambulacral plates [of Echinoderms].

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 894 The growths [of Xanthoma] occur either as thin flat plates..or as nodules or lumps.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xix. 497 In various reptiles, such as crocodiles, there are bony plates (called scutes) developed in the dermis below some of the epidermic horny scales.

1953 H. Mellanby Animal Life in Fresh Water (ed. 5) xi. 229 Some snails have a horny plate—the operculum—attached to the foot; this plate fits over and closes the opening to the shell when the animal has withdrawn itself.

1960 K. Esau Anat. Seed Plants viii. 80 The perforated part of a wall of a vessel member is called the perforation plate.

1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 382/1 The main tumour consisted predominantly of regular and thin hepatocellular plates with no atypia, consistent with adenoma.

17.

a. A polished sheet of brass, copper, etc., engraved or etched to print from.See also copperplate n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > intaglio printing > [noun] > metal plate

plate1663

graving1761

printing plate1774

Klischograph1955

1663 Marquis of Worcester Cent. Names & Scantlings Inventions §100 All..of these Inventions..shall be printed by Brass-plates.

1735 S.-Carolina Gaz. 16 Aug. 2/1 In the said Barn were found..one or more Plates engraven in Imitation of the Twelve Pounds ten shilling Orders of this Province.

1786 T. Jefferson Let. 8 Feb. in Papers (1954) IX. 267 Write or draw any thing on a plate of brass with the ink of the inventor, and in half an hour he gives you copies of it.

1832 C. Babbage Econ. Machinery & Manuf. xi. 52 An artist will sometimes exhaust the labour of one or two years upon engraving a plate.

1876 Littell's Living Age 9 Dec. 589 The card proved to have been printed from a plate engraved for the purpose.

1927 Stamp Collectors' Fortn. 21 May 214/2 A large proportion..have proved to be plate retouches, although in almost all cases electro retouches are also known.

1996 J. Morgan Debrett's New Guide Etiquette & Mod. Manners 163 Although once the die or plate has been engraved repeat orders are relatively reasonable, engraving is expensive on the first order.

b. An impression from a printing plate, an engraving, an illustration; (now usually) a photograph or picture occupying a whole page in a book, often printed on better quality paper than the other pages, and not forming part of the main page sequence.See also copperplate n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > [noun] > an engraving

cut1646

sculpture1654

plate1663

engraving1803

1663 B. Gerber Counsel to Builders sig. g3^v Untill a large worke (with Copper Plates) shall have had time to be put forth.

1842 Ladies's Repository Dec. 379 It shows the present state of the science... and its numerous plates will be of great use to illustrate the principles of natural science.

1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man ii. 19 A series of most instructive memoirs, illustrated with well-executed plates, of the treasures in stone, bronze and bone.

1866 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighb. (1878) ix. 146 I am sorry to find that one of the plates is missing from my copy.

1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 June 6/1 Each part will contain ten page plates, four illustrations in the text, and one inset plate.

1934 Amer. Home Mar. 233 (advt.) It is a beautifully illustrated book with 32 full-color plates and hundreds of illustrations direct from actual photographs.

1942 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 May 229/2 A perfect copy of Von Gerning's ‘Tour Along the Rhine’, with colour plates by Ackermann.

1992 Mod. Painters Spring 102/1 There are no colour plates, so Benton's work has to be judged from very inadequate monochrome reproductions.

c. = bookplate n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > book > parts of book > [noun] > labels

plate1763

bookplate1791

book label1829

bookmark1876

ex-libris1880

book piles1892

nameplate1896

1763 H. Walpole Catal. Engravers, List Vertue's Wks. 19 Plate to put in lady Oxford's books.

1880 J. L. Warren Guide Study Book-plates i. 4 Some plates possess interest for their heraldry alone, some for their topography.

1894 Willam & Mary Coll. Q. Hist. Papers 2 272 These plates are found in many old books in Virginia.

1980 Burlington Mag. Jan. 92/3 An interesting essay followed by a variety of bookplates..[including] plates of Beerbohm, Nicholson, Legros, Piper, and Carrington's for Lytton Strachey.

d. A stereotype, electrotype, or plastic cast of a page of composed movable type; also (now usually) a metal or plastic copy of filmset material, from which sheets are printed.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > blocks, plates, or transfers > [noun] > stereotype plates

stereotype1799

stereo1823

plate1824

stereotype-block1859

autoplate1901

1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. xxii. 659 Stereotype plates must always be done at iron presses, on account of the vast power required to bring them off.

1839 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 565/1 The plates of the Encyclopædia Britannica,..the most extensive work ever stereotyped.

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Plate, a page of type, stereotype, or electrotype, for printing.

1937 Life 26 July 4/2 Letterpress is printing done from plates whose printing surfaces are raised, or in relief. In four-color letterpress, four different inks, each printed from a separate plate, are used to get all color combinations.

1996 Sunday Tel. 4 Feb. (Appointments section) 3/2 (advt.) The move to ‘Direct-to-Technologies’ where digital information is output direct to film, to plate, to printing press and to paper presents an extremely challenging opportunity for leading suppliers to the Printing market place.

18.

a. A thin, flat piece of metal that acts as a charge-storing electrode in a capacitor.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric charge, electricity > [noun] > apparatus for collection > storage plate

plate1783

1783 Philos. Trans. 1782 (Royal Soc.) 72 p. xxvii An ample conductor, weakly electrified, imparts a considerable quantity of electricity to the metal plate of our condenser.

1801 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. I. 591/1 The mode of accumulating great quantities of fluid by means of parallel plates.

1887 P. Benjamin Age of Electr. xi. 259 The condenser will be charged with a quantity of electricity depending upon..the surface of the plates opposed to each other, and..the number of plates in the respective sets.

1923 E. W. Marchant Radio Telegr. ii. 15 A condenser can be charged by supplying positive electricity to one plate and negative electricity to the other.

1963 A. F. Abbott Ordinary Level Physics xxxv. 460 A parallel-plate capacitor is set up as shown.., one plate being earthed and the other..charged.

1992 Everyday Electronics (BNC) June 371 The a.c. signal passes via capacitor C5, with the right hand ‘plate’..alternating between positive and negative.

b. A metal electrode in a cell or battery, esp. one in the form of a flat sheet or grid.X-, Y-plate: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] > metal electrode

plate1807

1801 H. Davy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 91 397 I have found that an accumulation of galvanic influence, exactly similar to the accumulation in the common pile, may be produced by the arrangement of single metallic plates, or arcs, with different strata of fluids.]

1807 H. Davy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 97 15 The strong action of a battery of 150 pairs of plates of 4 inches square.

1828 F. Watkins Pop. Sketch Electro-magn. 15 Batteries of this construction usually consist of ten or twelve pairs of plates.

1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics II. 71/1 The container [of a dry cell] is made of zinc and this is used as the zinc plate.

1963 A. F. Abbott Ordinary Level Physics xxxvi. 474 In modern commercial practice the plates [of a lead-acid cell] are made of grids of a lead-antimony alloy filled with paste... Red lead (Pb₃O₄) is used for the positive plates and litharge (PbO) for the negative plates.

1992 Disabled & Supportive Carer Autumn 37/2 In many cases the lead sulphate is not removed from the plates, causing degradation which considerably reduces the useable life of the battery.

†c. A flat, circular piece of glass in a machine for generating static electricity, which is rubbed against a cushion or between cushions to pick up an electric charge. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1839 G. Bird Elements Nat. Philos. 183 When the plate or cylinder of the machine is turned, the rubber communicating to the earth by a metallic chain, if a brass knob, or a knuckle be held towards the prime conductor, a vivid spark darts between them.

d. The anode of a thermionic valve.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > thermionic valve > [noun] > anode of valve

plate1905

sheath1919

1904 R. M. Walmsley Electr. in Service of Man vi. 230 Professor Fleming..proved that there was an actual stream of negatively electrified particles passing from the negative leg to the metal plate M.]

1905 J. A. Fleming in Proc. Royal Soc. 74 477 It is preferable to use a metal plate carried on a platinum wire sealed into the glass bulb, the plate being bent into a cylinder which surrounds both the legs of the carbon loop.

1926 R. W. Hutchinson First Course Wireless viii. 140 This movement of electrons from filament to plate constitutes an electric current from plate to filament.

1948 A. L. Albert Radio Fund. vi. 178 The plate usually surrounds the cathode in high-vacuum diodes.

1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. vii. 21 The collector element for the electron flow is the anode, or plate.

19. Mining (chiefly English regional (northern)). Rock that splits readily into laminae; shale. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > shale

metal1672

shale1747

shillet1777

plate1794

skerry1844

plate-shale1881

plate rock1893

1794 W. Hutchinson Hist. Cumberland I. 48 Strata of plate between the coal.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Plate, shale.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 748 It is rare in the rock called plate (a solid slaty clay) for the [lead] vein to include any ore.

1865 D. Page Handbk. Geol. Terms (ed. 2) 363 Plate, a north of England mining term for compact beds of shale, which, when exposed to the weather, break up into thin plates or laminæ.

1895 J. W. Anderson Prospector's Handbk. (ed. 6) 163 Plate—Black shale; a slaty rock.

1964 A. Nelson Dict. Mining 334 Plate (geol.) a lead miner's term for shale.

20. An early form of rail for a railway or tramway, consisting of a flat strip of iron or steel with a projecting flange to retain the wheels (cf. plate railway n. at Compounds 2). Also in extended use: a rail of an ordinary railway (cf. platelayer n.). Now historical.Earliest as second element of tram-plate n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] > laid with rails > rail

rail?1608

turn-plate1797

gully1800

plate rail1801

plate1807

tram-plate1807

tramway plate1825

track-rail1877

1807 Trans. Soc. Arts 25 87 Improved tram-plates for carriages on rail roads.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 644 Bars of cast iron..known..by the denomination of the plate-rail, tram~way plate, barrow-way plate... The first we shall distinguish by the name of the edge railway; the second, by that of the plate railway.

1887 P. McNeill Blawearie 41 Pringle..had made his way off at the far side of the cage, crossed the plates, leapt from the embankment over into the field.

1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Plates, sometimes called tram-plates, the rails on which colliery trams are run. The rails used on our railway lines are still known by the workmen as plates.

1997 Oxf. Compan. Brit. Railway Hist. 134/2 Plates..proved to be a greater technical aberration than the later broad gauge.

21. Photography. A thin sheet of metal, glass, or other substance, coated with a light-sensitive film, on which single photographs are taken in larger or older types of camera; a photograph produced in this way. Also (with distinguishing word, as half-plate, quarter-plate, etc.): a standard size of photographic print or negative (see quot. 1907).dry plate: see dry adj. and adv. Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > plate

plate1840

photoplate1871

1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 113/2 Thus prepared, the plate is next placed within a camera-obscura..and the delineation of the object is then effected.

1855 T. F. Hardwich Man. Photogr. Chem. 13 We are indebted to Sir John Herschel for the first use of glass plates to receive sensitive Photographic films.

1876 W. de W. Abney Instr. Photogr. (ed. 3) 61 With dry plates, and on some occasions with wet plates, there is another system..of calling forth the invisible image, and this..is known as the ‘alkaline development’.

1907 N.E.D. at Plate A whole-plate measures 8¹/ ₂ × 6¹/ ₂ inches; half-plate (English) 6¹/ ₂ × 4³/ ₄ inches; (U.S.) 5¹/ ₂ × 4¹/ ₄ inches; quarter-plate, 4¹/ ₄ × 3¹/ ₄ inches.

1937 Discovery Oct. 299/1 The fixing of a photographic plate by desensitisation.

1970 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 81 43 Three plates taken between May 4 and 6, when the Earth was in the plane of the comet's orbit, show a beautifully straight tail about 10° long.

2003 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Dec. 345/2 He was issued a Speed Graphic, a camera that required the insertion and removal of plates.

22. Dentistry. The portion of a denture which is moulded to the shape of the mouth and gums and holds the artificial teeth; a similar portion of any orthodontic appliance. Also colloquial: a whole denture or other orthodontic appliance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > other dental equipment

explorer1844

plate1845

rose head1847

plugging forceps1861

plugger1862

rubber dam1865

finger mirror1867

nerve instrument1867

hoe1875

saliva extractor1877

thimble1877

finger-tray1878

scaler1881

matrix1883

saliva ejectora1884

sickle scaler1930

the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > denture

ratelier1812

plate1845

mineral teeth1851

denture1874

tooth-plate1880

teeth-plate1897

gnasher1919

snapper1924

chopper1937

the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > denture > plate

plate1845

suction-plate1875

mouth plate1876

saddle1907

1845 Looking unto Jesus 17 It was then found necessary to have a plate made and fitted on her front teeth.

1882 Trans. Michigan Dental Soc. 29 Mar. 113 People decidedly object to wearing artificial plates, putting it off as long as they can.

1932 E. Bowen To North v. 44 Her confirmation.., the fixing-in of a plate to correct prominent teeth,..had all been reported to him.

1947 Life 17 Nov. 72/1 (advt.) To keep dental plates clean, pure, free of tell-tale odors, more dentists recommend Polident than any other denture cleanser.

1977 B. Pym Quartet in Autumn v. 52 He had to visit the dentist, to adjust his new plate and to practise eating with it.

1991 Yours Feb. 25/2 Denture plates and false teeth are manufactured from plastic acrylic resin.

23. A thin cut from a brisket of beef.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > beef > [noun] > other cuts or parts

tild1342

ox foota1398

oxtaila1425

neat's foot?c1450

beef-flick1462

sticking piece1469

ox-tonguea1475

aitch-bone1486

fore-crop?1523

sirloin1525

mouse-piece1530

ox-cheek1592

neat's tongue1600

clod1601

sticking place1601

skink1631

neck beef1640

round1660

ox-heart1677

runner1688

sticking draught1688

brisket-beef1697

griskin1699

sey1719

chuck1723

shin1736

gravy beef1747

baron of beef1755

prime rib1759

rump and dozen1778

mouse buttock1818

slifta1825

nine holes1825

spauld-piece1828

trembling-piece1833

shoulder-lyar1844

butt1845

plate1854

plate-rand1854

undercut1859

silver-side1861

bed1864

wing rib1883

roll1884

strip-loin1884

hind1892

topside1896

rib-eye1926

buttock meat1966

onglet1982

1854 [see plate-rand n. at Compounds 2].

1884 G. P. Keese in Harper's Mag. July 299/1 [Chicago] Plates are cut into five pieces.

1884 G. P. Keese in Harper's Mag. July 299/1 The division [of the carcasses] is made into..loins, ribs, mess, plates, chucks, rolls, rumps [etc.]... ‘Extra mess’ is composed of chucks, plates, rumps, and flanks.

1943 Sun (Baltimore) 19 June 4 Stews and other cuts:..Plate (bone-in) (fresh and cured).

1973 Philadelphia Inquirer 14 Oct. (Today Suppl.) 6 (advt.) Short Ribs, Plate Beef, Rolled Plate.

2003 Gazette (Montreal) 30 July d1 Plate is turned into short ribs, stew or ground beef.

24. Baseball. A flat piece of metal, stone, or whitened rubber marking a position on the field; spec. (a) = home plate n.; (b) = rubber n.¹ 14d(b).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > baseball ground > [noun] > slab marking home base

home1845

home base1855

plate1867

home plate1869

rubber1889

pan1891

platter1892

1867 Ball Players' Chron. 5 Sept. 5/1 Thorne..pitched slow, ‘drop’ balls, many of which struck outside of ‘the plate’.

1886 H. Chadwick Art of Pitching & Fielding 43 When the Umpire indicates the height of the ball required, the pitcher should send it in at once at the height required, but not over ‘the plate’.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 161/2 This corner is marked by a white plate a foot square, sunk level with the ground, and called the home base.

1917 C. Mathewson Second Base Sloan 172 Ellis walked to the plate and faced Chase grimly determined to get a hit.

1928 Warren (Pa.) Morning Mirror 14 Apr. 10/6 Walker's muff of a long fly sent Stephenson across the plate for the first score.

1977 Guernsey Weekly Press 21 July 8/6 Rangers pushed five runs over the plate before going one down.

1990 Show Sept. 36/2 Bo Jackson..threw a ball 300 feet for a perfect strike to nail fleet Harold Reynolds at the plate, preventing the winning run from scoring.

25. A square or rectangular piece of fur made from a number of (waste) pieces sewn together, used in the making of inexpensive coats, or in linings, trimmings, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > [noun] > several skins sewn together

plate1910

1910 Encycl. Brit. XI. 354/2 A very great feature of German and Russian work is the fur linings called rotondes, sacques or plates.

1957 M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 256/1 Plate,..2. Skins sewn together, but not completely fitted or finished, for fur linings; also used to make garments or trimmings.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia VII. 816/1 The less costly skin-on-skin method consists of sewing one full skin adjacent to another in a uniform alignment. This method is sometimes employed to sew the leftovers of full skins such as paws and flanks, into blanket-like ‘plates’ that are then fashioned into garments.

1982 Daily Tel. 12 May 15/5 The pieces of sewn-together fur, called plates, are often sent off directly to furriers in London or New York, Frankfurt or Paris, to be scissored into jackets!

26. Geology. Each of the several nearly rigid pieces of lithosphere which are thought to make up the whole of the earth's surface and to be moving slowly relative to one another over the underlying mantle, their boundaries being identified with belts of seismic, volcanic, and tectonic activity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > [noun] > lithospheric plate

plate1965

microplate1972

1904 H. B. C. Sollas & W. J. Sollas tr. E. Suess Face of Earth I. ii. xxii. 600 Towards the north [of North America], however, a very extensive ‘plate’ without folding appears, which stretches nearly to the Arctic archipelago.

1910 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 21 191 As Suess says, we do not know the character of the platforms upon which lie the seas behind island arcs;..the platforms may be composed of ancient, crystalline rocks which moved as ‘plates’ without parallel foldings.]

1965 J. T. Wilson in Nature 24 July 343/1 Many geologists have maintained that movements of the Earth's crust are concentrated in mobile belts, which may take the form of mountains, mid-ocean ridges or major faults... This article suggests that these features..are connected into a continuous network of mobile belts about the Earth which divide the surface into several large rigid plates.

1969 Jrnl. Geophysical Res. 74 4298/2 In the New Guinea mainland the zone of southerly dipping earthquakes can be associated with the northern edge of the Australian continent meeting the Pacific ‘plate’ and creating an overthrust zone of mountain building.

1972 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 305/1 Lithospheric plates are..segments of upper mantle and crust, varying in thickness from approximately 5 km at ridges to 150 km under central areas of continents, that are generated by growth of crust and mantle at oceanic ridges..and consumed in trenches.

1990 P. Kearey & F. J. Vine Global Tectonics vii. 132 The Farallon plate was being underthrust beneath the North American plate, and..the ridge system moved towards the trench.

III. A shallow dish, and related senses.

27.

a. A shallow, usually circular vessel, originally of metal or wood, now commonly of ceramic, from which food is eaten or served. Frequently with distinguishing word.dessert-, dinner-, soup-plate, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > table-vessels > dish or plate

disha700

scuttlec1050

trencherc1308

plattera1325

paten?1340

esquele1371

skelec1400

plat1415

plate?c1450

skewel1567

trencher-plate1580

goggan1586

trench1602

table plate1669

mazarine1673

discus1680

wearing plate1683

silver plate1710

nappy1731

roundel1797

muffin1820

entrée dish1846

pinax1858

?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 11 (MED) She drowe oute of a donghill a plater of siluer..and there come a voys to her and saide, ‘score so long on this plate till ye haue hadde awey all the blacke spottis.’

1485 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 51 Trayes..v, Plates of tree..iij dd.

1550 W. Thomas Dictionarie in Principal Rules Ital. Grammer Piatello, a little flatte disshe or a plate.

1588 R. Greene Pandosto sig. A2 Syllie Baucis coulde not serue Iupiter in a siluer plate, but in a woodden dish.

1630 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 184 Two litle plates or sawcers for carying and setting the bread on itt, at the tyme of the Communion.

1684 tr. A. O. Exquemelin Bucaniers Amer. iii. v. 47 The Pirats,..without any..Napkins, or Plates, fell to eating very heartily the..pieces of Bulls and Horses Flesh.

1739 ‘R. Bull’ tr. F. Dedekind Grobianus 114 See now, the Stripling, with his Voider, waits To bear away the greasy Load of Plates.

1792 J. Wolcot Wks. III. 4 The man I hate..Who, to complete his dinner, licks his plate.

1867 A. Cary Bishop's Son xv. 264 At the tea-table she seemed strangely absent-minded, breaking the bread into little crumbs on her plate, and saying nothing.

1894 Cassell's Univ. Cookery Bk. 1255 One [rack] to hold a dozen plates and three dishes.

1940 W. Faulkner Hamlet i. ii. 43 She was taking Ab's breakfast offen the stove, onto two plates.

1991 Redbook Aug. 37/3 Gillian stared down at the beef vindaloo on her plate.

b. colloquial to hand (also give) (something) to (a person) on a plate and variants: to give (something) to (a person) in such a way that little or no effort is required on their part; to present (something) without it having been asked or sought for; to present (something) in a complete or fully accomplished form.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > find no difficulty in [verb (transitive)] > make easy or easier > make (something) easy for a person

to hand (also give) (something) to (a person) on a plate1908

1908 Times 28 Aug. 8/4 It would be really pleasant, for example, to tell a fielder who missed simple catches that ‘he could not hold the ball even if it was handed to him on a plate with watercress around it.’

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. vii. [Aeolus] 132 Gave it to them on a hot plate, Myles Crawford said, the whole bloody history.

1946 R. G. Collingwood Idea of Hist. 256 If anyone else..hands him on a plate a ready-made answer to his question, all he can do is to reject it.

1957 Listener 11 July 72 It is not often that radio is presented on a plate with such a fine natural script as these extracts made.

1973 ‘P. Malloch’ Kickback xii. 78 You make that kind of mistake you're handing it on a plate to the cops.

2004 Mirror (Nexis) 23 Sept. 21 He didn't respect women because they gave him sex on a plate.

c. colloquial to have a lot (also enough, plenty, etc.) on one's plate and variants; (also) to have a full plate, to have one's plate full (up) (with): to have a lot of things occupying one's time or energy; to have a lot to do.In quot. 1911 in an extended metaphor.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > worry > be worried [verb (intransitive)] > have a lot to worry about

to have a lot (also enough, plenty, etc.) on one's plate1911

1911 E. Wharton Ethan Frome 15 Sickness and trouble: that's what Ethan's had his plate full up with, ever since the very first helping.

1928 Daily Express 4 July 9/2 Can you tell me how many times in all she has forbidden you the house?—No, sir. Half a dozen times?—It might have been. I cannot say. I have a lot on my plate... Mr. Justice Horridge: A lot on your plate! What do you mean? Elton Pace: A lot of worry, my lord.

1945 Penguin New Writing 24 32 We haven't time to worry about D though, we shall probably have enough on our own plate any minute now.

1959 ‘R. Simons’ Houseboat Killings xiv. 142 I'll leave you at it. I've got plenty on my plate at the moment.

1963 T. Parker Unknown Citizen iii. 78 Duggie's got a lot on his plate just now, I didn't want to worry him.

1969 R. M. Nixon News Conf. 4 Mar. in Cumulated Indexes Public Papers Presidents U. S., Richard M. Nixon (1971) I. xcviii. 193/1 Well, I think as far as commitments are concerned, the United States has a full plate. I..do not believe that we should make new commitments around the world unless [etc.].

1993 C. L. Cummins Diesel's Engine I. viii. 192 Diesel was convinced a good market existed for such an engine... Unfortunately, the firm's chief had his plate full with the liquid-fueled diesel engine. He turned it down.

1999 in D. Bolger Ladies' Night at Finbar's Hotel 133 Next time, look, I don't want to know, OK? I have enough on my plate without worrying about you.

2002 K. Robards Irresistible xxii. 258 She, in her role as chaperon to eighteen-year-old Beth, had a full plate of activities to occupy her.

28.

a. A quantity of food presented on a plate, a plateful; a dish or course of food; (North American) a platter (see platter n.¹ 1a).In quot. 1577: a supply of food; eating and drinking.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > supply of food or provisions > [noun]

victualsa1375

substancec1384

repasta1393

kitchenc1400

tablec1405

stuff1436

acates1465

acatry1522

victualling1532

provision1555

achates1570

plate1577

avitaile1592

support1599

horn and corn1633

subsistence1640

cribbing1652

purvey1678

commissariat1811

ration1814

commissary1883

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > [noun] > dish

meateOE

messc1300

servicec1450

dish1526

plate1577

plat1766

meat and potatoes1846

M & V1925

meat and two veg1960

1577 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 634 That scho haif..siclyke assignatioun of money and victuallis for the support of hir plate as of befoir.

1668 P. Rycaut Present State Ottoman Empire (new ed.) i. xvi. 72 Her Serving-maids bring in a low Table, on which are set a pair of Pigeons roasted, and a plate of Sugar-candy.

1671 R. Head & F. Kirkman Eng. Rogue III. x. 131 To every Bottle of Wine a small plate of Olives was carried up.

1695 E. Ravenscroft Canterbury Guests v. ii. 53 Greed. I'll bring thee a bottle of Sack into the Kitchen. Cook. And I'll relish't with a plate of pickled Mushrooms.

1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. vi. 110 The Poet..took an Opportunity, while poor Adams was respectfully drinking to the Master of the House, to overturn a Plate of Soup into his Breeches.

1745 R. Pococke Descr. East II. i. 11 The European pilgrims..are well served with three or four plates.

1866 Catholic World June 405/1 I was little inclined to leave my cosy fire, my tender steak, my fragrant cup of bohea, my delicious plate of buttered toast.

1886 R. Kipling Departm. Ditties (ed. 2) 13 Who can raise a two-plate dinner off eight paltry ‘dibs’ a day?

1935 A. J. Cronin Adventures in Two Worlds (1952) i. ii. 15 The tray bore, every day, a tempting plate of milk-and-soda scones.

1974 D. E. Westlake Help (1975) xlii. 246 The man..recommended the roast beef plate..and the woman..said the turkey diet plate was first-rate.

1993 Toronto Life July 83/1 Persian cookery in a pretty, clean, main-floor room of a house. A-jo soup (thick barley, lemony); a suave appetizer plate.

b. [rhyming slang] plate of meat, (a) a street (obsolete); (b) in plural, feet (also elliptically, as plates).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > street > [noun]

streetOE

rewa1350

gate1488

gate-row1598

calle1611

drive1799

drag1851

drum1851

plate of meat1857

stem1914

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > extremities > foot > [noun]

footOE

heelOE

toec1290

pettitoes1590

goers1612

hoofa1616

fetlock1645

stamper1652

fetterlock1674

pedestal1695

trotter1755

footsie1762

dew-beaters1811

pedal1838

mud-hook1850

tootsy1854

tootsicum1860

gun-boat1870

mundowie1880

plate of meat1887

trilby1895

dog1913

puppies1922

1857 ‘Ducange Anglicus’ Vulgar Tongue 15 Plate of meat, street.

1887 Referee 6 Nov. 7/3 As she walked along the street With her little ‘plates of meat’.

1889 J. S. Farmer Americanisms 425/2 Plate of meat, (Cant) in America does duty as the name, among thieves, for a street or highway.

1917 W. Muir Observ. Orderly xiv. 222 To get your ‘plates of meat’ frostbitten wasn't such a ‘cushy wound’ as it was cracked up to be.

1951 P. Branch Lion in Cellar ix. 105 He..took off his shoes. ‘Heaven!’ he sighed. ‘My plates have been quite, quite killing me.’

1978 E. Chappell Rising Damp Compl. Scripts (2002) iv. iii. 470/2 I'd do anything to sink my plates into a soft, velvet pile.

1996 Q Jan. 167/3 The place is still full of suits. Q's plates of meat are in a right old two and eight.

c. U.S. A meal provided at a banquet, fund-raising dinner, etc., for which the diner pays a fixed sum in advance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > setting table > [noun] > place at table

table room1607

bottom1629

board-head1637

board-enda1652

foot1700

plate1917

1917 Puck (N.Y.) 20 Jan. 9/1 They won't easily have forgotten that big dinner I gave—nine people at a dollar fifty a plate, with the cigars extra.

1925 L. S. Dunway in B. A. Botkin Treasury Southern Folklore (1949) ii. iii. 278 The committee on arrangements called on Jeff Davis at his office and wanted to know if the governor would like to have a plate at the banquet, the cost of which was $5.

1941 B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? xii. 288 They gave Sidney a testimonial dinner at the Ambassador at ten dollars a plate.

2000 Seattle Times (Nexis) 21 May b3 The big spenders—those who paid between $300 and several thousand dollars a plate to eat before the ball—mingled in the lobby.

d. New Zealand and Australian. A plate of food contributed by a participant towards the catering at a social gathering, often in lieu of an admission charge.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > supply of food or provisions > gift or offering of food > [noun] > contribution to meal or feast

plate1935

1935 Tararus Tramper Oct. 1 Free Ambulance dance..Ladies 6d. and a plate; gentleman, 2/-.

1953 M. C. Scott Breakfast at Six viii. 70 Gents half-a-crown, ladies a plate... Larry explained what ‘a plate’ meant in the backblocks.

1962 S. Gore Down Golden Mile 110 We might start by having some sort of social. Nothing elaborate, you know. Just perhaps all the ladies could bring a plate.

1972 R. Erickson West of Centre 69 As jealous of his reputation as a suburban housewife baking a ‘plate’ for a matron's tea party.

1992 Eng. Today Apr. 18/1 The request to bring a plate was, for him, an unfamiliar way of expressing a familiar concept: a party where each guest brings a dish of food for everyone to share—what in North America, for example, is often called a ‘pot luck’ supper.

29. A shallow vessel of metal or wood used for collecting gifts of money, esp. in a place of worship; the money collected in this way. Also more fully collection plate.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > collection box > [noun]

offertory boxa1425

rood-board1556

platea1784

ladle1813

collecting box1857

a1784 S. Johnson Prayers & Medit. (1785) 178 I gave two shillings to the plate.

1837 J. McKerrow H. Belfrage i. 3 (note) A plate or collection-box is placed at the entry to the place of worship, to receive the voluntary offerings of the people.

1872 W. Besant & J. Rice Ready-money Mortiboy I. xi. 221 The plate came round, and caught him unprepared.

1924 R. Macaulay Orphan Island xiii. 160 ‘If you have nothing to contribute, sir,’ he whispered, ‘kindly pass the plate, which is for puttings in, not takings out.’

1944 D. Thomas Let. c21 Sept. (1987) 524 He snuggles deep among the chapel thighs, And when the moist collection plate is passed Puts in his penny, generous at last.

1995 K. Toolis Rebel Hearts (1996) iii. 129 I'll go to Mass every Sunday. I'll give money to the plate.

30. Biology and Medicine. A shallow vessel, typically a Petri dish, containing or used to contain a medium for the culture of microorganisms.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > apparatus > [noun] > for storing or containing

boat1847

collecting box1857

moist chamber1869

Pasteur flask1869

plate1886

Petri dish1892

Pasteur pipette1899

Stender dish1900

straw1966

tissue-bank1968

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > apparatus > [noun] > plate or slide

growing-slide1856

growing-cell1867

plate1886

1886 E. M. Crookshank Introd. Pract. Bacteriol. v. 68 The glass plates are sterilised by filling the iron box..and placing it in the hot-air steriliser, at 150° C., from one to two hours.

1896 G. M. Sternberg Text-bk. Bacteriol. viii. 72 By Koch's famous ‘plate method’ we obtain colonies of any particular microörganism which we desire to study.

1934 A. T. Henrici Biol. Bacteria xii. 203 The colonies which develop upon agar or gelatine plates exhibit specific characters by which one may often identify the organism of which they are composed.

1990 T. G. Wreghitt & P. Morgan-Capner ELISA in Clin. Microbiol. Lab. iii. 40 The IgM assay is performed in flat well microtitre plates, each serum being loaded at a single dilution, in duplicate, allowing a maximum of 48 tests and controls to be run on each plate.

31. Chiefly U.S. slang. A gramophone record.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > a sound recording > [noun] > record or disc

phonograph record1878

record1878

disc1879

gramophone record1888

title1908

platter1926

phonodisc1929

release1932

wax1932

plate1935

waxing1936

audio disc1944

cut1949

sounds1955

twelve-inch1976

vinyl1976

1935 Vanity Fair (U.S.) Nov. 38/1 None of these plates will be senders.

1937 Amer. Speech 12 100 Behind the microphone they [sc. gramophone records] are referred to variously as discs, E.T.'s, plates, platters, wax and cuts.

1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §581/2 Phonograph record, plate.

1996 ikon Jan. 80/3 Felix's Thee Album emerged as the hottest house plate of the year, burning a trail across dance floors and time zones.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive.

(a)

plate-book n.

ΚΠ

1900 Westm. Gaz. 11 May 2/1 A fairly simple, moderately good-length ball is delivered. He gets himself into a plate-book attitude—for the cricket master is watching.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 12 Aug. 2/1 You can..construct out of certain material an imitation Palairet whom the compiler of a plate book can kodak in his every attitude with advantage.

1933 Bodleian Q. Rec. 7 333 On October 16 an exhibition of drawings and plate-books by Mr. James Guthrie.

1996 Daily Press (Newport, Va.) (Nexis) 15 Oct. c1 ‘There are many elements in the house that are taken right out of an 1827 Benjamin Asher platebook,’ explains Stidham, describing the source behind the structure's Greek Revival design.

plate box n.

ΚΠ

1889 Science 24 May 401/1 Again, such phantom images occasionally arise from a minute hole in the camera, plate-box, or even the dark slide.

2003 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 20 Nov. b2 She found the gemstone in the plate box that she got from Chris.

plate brass n.

ΚΠ

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 38 Prepare a Cylindrical vessel of very thin plate Brass or Silver.

1727 J. Houghton Coll. Improvem. Husbandry II. 190 Now for the making of brass in England, which is compos'd with about two sevenths of fine copper, four sevenths of lapis calaminaris, and one seventh of shruff, which is old plate brass.

2002 Honolulu Advertiser (Nexis) 15 Sept. 12 d To make the sculpture, Endicott molded concrete, cast bronze, plate brass, ceramic and copper mesh over a welded stainless-steel armature.

plate-brush n.

ΚΠ

1847 Sci. Amer. 4 Dec. 85/3 Or if it is wanted to be burnished the leather and plate brush must be used.

1999 Evening Chron. (Newcastle) (Nexis) 1 May 19 Silver-handled cutlery may be damaged if immersed in water so they will have to be tackled with a moist cloth or a platebrush.

† plate-bush n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 927 A journal, which has its bearing in a close brass plate-bush or socket.

† plate button n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1657 J. Harington Hist. Polindor & Flostella (ed. 3) i. 3 The Robe he wore (Buskins) green Taffaty, clasp'd down before With long, but flowr'd Plate-buttons.

1703 M. Martin Descr. W. Islands Scotl. 209 They wore Sleeves of Scarlet Cloth, clos'd at the end as Mens Vests, with gold Lace round 'em, having Plate Buttons set with fine Stones.

1858 W. M. Thackeray Virginians I. xxvi. 202 Both of the two gentlemen were dressed alike, in small scratch-wigs without powder, in blue frocks with plate buttons, in buckskins, and riding-boots.

plate-chest n.

ΚΠ

1525–6 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 331 For..mendyng of the lock of the money cofur within the plate chest.

1779 Malefactor's Reg. V. 14 He found the plate chest in the house keeper's room burst open.

2000 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 21 Sept. 65/4 The secret marauder came and went without a trace, save for..displenished plate-chest that testified to his visitations.

plate closet n. now historical and rare

ΚΠ

1789 Whole Proc. King's Comm. Peace (City of London & County of Middlesex) 470/1 Then they came down, and took Phealen out of the plate closet.

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre II. i. 6 There are hundreds of pounds' worth of plate in the plate-closet, as is well known.

1922 Times 9 Sept. 16/5 (advt.) To be let for six months... White tiled basement splendidly arranged, plate closet, etc.

1991 Carlton House (Queen's Gallery) 46/1 The Plate Closet contained more than just services and table ornaments.

plate copper n.

ΚΠ

1644 in M. Wood Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1938) VIII. 54 For covering with plaitt copper the churche at the Trone.

1768 W. Sharp in Philos. Trans. 1767 (Royal Soc.) 57 87 I have also tried various materials for the same purpose, such as strong hide leather, hardened with glew; also wood, and plate-copper.

2004 State Jrnl. (Lansing, Mich.) (Nexis) 14 Mar. 10 a Remade of plate copper, placed on a plaza of recycled green glass in downtown, [the sculpture] ‘This Equals That’ equals monumental excellence.

† plate dish n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον vii. 331 A Basin and Ewre with other Plate-dishes.

1685 W. Kennett tr. Pliny Addr. Thanks to Good Prince 98 Farther we admire not the costliness of your plate dishes, nor the exquisite cookery, nor the stately serving them up, but your endearing pleasantness.

plate frame n.

ΚΠ

1907 N.E.D. at Plate Plate-frame.

1984 C. Garratt Brit. Steam Lives! i. 11 The traditional British plate frames were often cited as another weakness, especially when the engine ran on tracks which were of poor quality.

plate furnace n.

ΚΠ

1861 W. Fairbairn Iron 48 This plate furnace in not only perfectly secure, as regards the expansion and contraction, but it is found to be economical and to answer every purpose in common with the large stone and iron-bound furnaces.

1988 Industry Week (Nexis) 2 May 55 We do that routinely, rolling plate up to the load capability of the plate furnaces.

plate guide n.

ΚΠ

1890 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 176 In the diagram, the heavy lines show the cut in lower board,..the light lines the upper board or plate-guide aperture.

2002 Electronic Publishing (Nexis) 1 Oct. 26 The Vx-9600 also adds a new Push Bar and spring-loaded plate guide.

† plate-hoe n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1743 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman (Dublin ed.) June 60 Here also they draw the Hand Plate Hough the first Time, when the Beans are four Inches high.

1859 E. G. Storke Domest. & Rural Affairs 41 3 Steel plate hoes..$1.50.

1881 C. Whitehead Hops 46 This space is hoed with an ordinary plate-hoe to remove the weeds.

plate iron n.

ΚΠ

1615 G. Markham Eng. Hus-wife in Countrey Contentments 70–1 A Plate iron made with hooks and pricks, on which you may hang the meat.

1891 Daily News 27 Apr. 2/5 Plate iron, angles, T's, and bars for railway waggon building are in large request.

2004 Finnish Amer. Reporter (Nexis) 29 Feb. 6 Like the Kalevala blacksmith, Ilmarinen, Tom pounded plate iron to build the steam boilers for his ship.

† plate-pile n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1874 T. Dunlap Wiley's Amer. Iron Trade Man. 144 The usual heating furnaces, both for the bloom and plate piles, are provided, and the mill is supplied with all the latest improvements.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator ii. 80/2 Into these grooves large plates of iron, which the engineer calls plate-piles, are fitted and driven down.

plate washer n.

ΚΠ

1866 Railroad Prop. (U.S. War Dept.) 442 150 pounds plate washers.

1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 134 A hexagonal plate washer.

2004 Printing News (Nexis) 21 June 10 The Vector TX52 also has a smaller footprint than its predecessor, with the plate washer built directly into the device, rather than as two separate units.

plate work n.

ΚΠ

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 3223 Ȝit ware þe wawes of þe wanes wroȝt, as I rede, Polischid all of pure gold & of plate werkis.

1763 N.Y. Gaz. 14 Mar. (Weyman) 3/3 (advt.) Otto Parisien, Gold-Smith, from Berlin, Makes all Sorts of Plate Work, both plain and chas'd, in the neatest and most expeditious Manner.

1996 Guardian 8 June (Weekend Suppl.) 51/2 There may not be much to this dish, but in my experience it is harder to make something simple perfect than it is to shimmy out of trouble with all manner of fancy platework.

† plate worth n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 355 This Touchstone of solid and plate worth (as I may tearm it).

(b) (In sense 9b.)

plate armour n.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > [noun] > plate- or scale-armour

platec1390

almain rivet1512

rivet1548

bards1551

plate armour1656

scale-armour1842

scale1853

1656 W. Dugdale Antiq. Warwickshire 343/1 Here is to be seen a large two handed Sword, with a Helmet, and certain Plate-Armour for Horse service.

1800 C. Powys Passages from Diaries Mrs. Powys (1899) 341 But though completely harness'd with plate-armour cap-à-pie, he suddenly fell dead.

1995 V. Chandra Red Earth & Pouring Rain (1996) 130 Thomas enriched his equipage with..black plate armour that buckled around the body.

† plate glove n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > armour for limbs > [noun] > arm armour > gauntlet

waynpainc1312

mainfaire1400

gauntletc1420

gainpainc1430

plate glove1596

1596 Breadalbane Court Bk. f. 141, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Ane dorloch, ane plait glufe.

1606 W. Arthur & H. Charteris Rollock's Lect. 1st & 2nd Epist. Paul to Thessalonians (2 Thess.) x. 128 He wil get on a croslet and plateglufe.

plate mail n.

ΚΠ

1835 R. M. Bird Infidel I. vii. 100 ‘Thou shalt have both,’ said Cortes, ‘and the plate-mail also.’

1913 Amer. Anthropologist 15 96 Such armor cannot have been made in imitation of Japanese plate-mail, which did not exist at that time.

1992 Dragon Mag. Feb. 116/3 This figure is completely covered with jointed plate mail, as are the other knights, but more chain mail shows around the edges of the plate.

† plate-sleeve n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > armour for limbs > [noun] > arm armour

bracer?a1400

bracec1400

sleeve1465

plate-sleeve1578

bracelet1580

monion1652

brachal1658

arm piece1659

armlet1706

1578–9 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 107 They..spuilyeit him of his jak, plaitslevis, his pistolet, his belt [etc.].

a1605 R. Bannatyne Memorials Trans. Scotl. (1836) 152 Bring with thé ane horse, a jak, steilbonnet, plaitsleivis, speiris.

1820 W. Scott Abbot II. xi. 338 Get on your jacks, plate-sleeves, and knapsculls.

(c) (In sense 18d.)

plate circuit n.

ΚΠ

1919 J. A. Fleming Thermionic Valve 224 In general the external E.M.F. required in the plate circuit of a very hard valve is 100 volts, or even more, to produce a plate current of 3 or 4 milliamperes with the grid at zero potential.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia VI. 688/1 Many of these secondary electrons are attracted to the screen grid and flow in its circuit, rather than in the plate circuit, where the output should flow for greatest circuit efficiency.

1999 Electronics Now (Nexis) Feb. 31 Another battery (the ‘B’ battery) was the high-voltage, low-current battery used to power the tube's plate circuit.

plate current n.

ΚΠ

1915 Electrician 21 May 243/1 (diagram) Plate current.

1966 T. Korneff Introd. Electronics vi. 198 The plate current is a function of the screen grid voltage and does not depend too much on the plate voltage.

2003 Radio (Nexis) 1 July 7 The more steeply the plate current rises as the grid voltage becomes positive, the greater the transconductance of the tube.

plate voltage n.

ΚΠ

1919 W. D. Owen Guide Study Ionic Valve 38 Power valves need to be very hard otherwise the plate voltage would cause a discharge across the space.

1966 T. Korneff Introd. Electronics vi. 198 The plate current is a function of the screen grid voltage and does not depend too much on the plate voltage.

2003 EDN (Nexis) 12 June 90 Note the idealized load line and that the tube can draw a plate current of 150 mA at a plate voltage of only 50V.

(d) (In sense 24.)

plate appearance n.

ΚΠ

1939 Bismarck (N. Dakota) Tribune 6 June 6/6 Olix led the Grand Forks assault, the centerfielder getting four hits out of six plate appearances.

1999 Sun (Baltimore) 7 Apr. d 6/2 An inning later, in his first plate appearance of the season, Ripken squared once.

plate umpire n.

ΚΠ

1909 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 11 Jan. 8/1 In the case of a run-down between third base and the plate, the decision is to be given..by the plate umpire if it [sc. the play] is made near home.

1947 B. Feller Strikeout Story v. 36 The plate umpire that day again was Harry Geisel.

1991 San Francisco Chron. 12 Feb. d4/5 I assumed what I thought was a proper plate-umpire position, in ‘the slot’, over the catcher's shoulder.

(e) (In sense 26.)

plate boundary n.

ΚΠ

1970 N.Y. Times 5 Jan. 9/1 The theory of plate tectonics holds that active ocean ridges also form plate boundaries and add..hot basaltic material [to them].

1992 Discover Feb. 11/3 According to plate tectonics, volcanism takes place at plate boundaries.

b. Objective.

(a)

plate bender n.

ΚΠ

a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 690/1 Plate Bender, a round bitted pinchers, for bending dental plates without showing the pinch marks.

2001 Presstime (Nexis) Oct. 39 A complete CTP [sc. computer-to-plate] production line should include..one or two plate processors and plate benders.

plate-collecting n.

ΚΠ

1898 Westm. Gaz. 19 Apr. 10/1 The earliest reference to plate collecting dates from 1835, when the Rev. Daniel Parsons wrote a short article on book-plates.

2004 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 6 Aug. c4 Its [sc. the Wedgwood Manchu plate's] value is mostly decorative now, so it's worth little as plate collecting is not the fashion force it once was.

plate-cutting n.

ΚΠ

1851 Times 2 June 12/3 The machinery and tools of an iron shipbuilder, comprising..plate cutting machine 9 foot wide, screw cutting machine [etc.].

1982 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 307 305 Methods have been devised to define the shape of the ship form by computer and to transfer this into information directly fed into numerically controlled plate-cutting machines.

plate-glazing n.

ΚΠ

1911 Encycl. Brit. XX. 734/2 The plate-glazing process is adopted mainly for the best grades of writing-papers, as it gives a smoother, higher and more permanent gloss than has yet been imitated by the roll-calender.

1962 F. T. Day Introd. to Paper iv. 47 Plate glazing is carried out by passing the paper between zinc plates and pressing it to give the desired finish.

2002 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 23 Feb. 4 Should you want to learn more about industrial plate-glazing processes..you can always stay with the Tussie Mussies.

plate-keeper n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > in charge of food, table, or plate

butlerc1325

asseour1448

yeoman of the ewery1450

yeoman for the mouth1455

yeoman of the bottles1455

lardiner1469

yeoman of the buttery1473

surveyora1475

assewer1478

larderer1483

yeoman of the cellar1508

bread-bearer1518

groom-grubber1526

bottlemana1550

yeoman of the larder1585

saucery-man1691

plateman1842

plate-keeper1843

1843 Times 9 Mar. 6/2 It is said that an ingenious gentleman..is busily engaged in manufacturing an invisible panoptical platekeeper.

1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 24 Apr. 1/2 His employment was one of great trust, he being the platekeeper of the Guards' mess at St. James's Palace.

1906 Times 8 Feb. 8/6 The key of the cupboard was generally in the possession of Mr. Coultas, who was platekeeper.

1991 Internat. Polymer Sci. & Technol. No. 12 (Translations section) 61/1 When the rubber shock absorber is compressed, one or other of the companion plates separates from the plate keeper and the wall of the yoke separates from the companion plate.

plate lifter n.

ΚΠ

1867 Sci. Amer. 22 June 400/2 Plate lifter—John. B. Willett. West Meriden, Conn. I claim the combination of the handle, A, the lever, D, and hooked arms, C.

1888 W. de W. Abney Instruct. Photogr. (ed. 8) 45 Another useful appliance is an ebonite plate-lifter.

2000 Steel Times (Nexis) 1 Dec. 454 Other Drafto equipment includes crane scales, rotating hook blocks, plate lifters, slab tongs and other overhead-crane-related material handling products.

plate-making n.

ΚΠ

1843 Penny Mag. May 206/2 Plate-making, dish-making, and saucer-making constitute very large departments of manufacture.

1967 E. Chambers Photolitho-offset iii. 31 A good reproduction proof..becomes copy and is photographed in the normal way for plate-making.

1994 Sci. Amer. Apr. 98/3 The most elaborate, linked workstations and platemaking, can input text images..to be recorded on photosensitive surfaces able to print.

plate-printing n.

ΚΠ

1850 Househ. Words 27 July 427/2 A row of plate-printing presses.

1854 P. L. Simmonds in Jrnl. Soc. Arts 22 Dec. 82/1 For plate-printing, a single cut with a graver forms a line which holds the ink. For surface-printing a line must be cut on both sides.

2004 Paperboard Packaging (Nexis) 1 June 26 Converters must work toward the goal of controlling the anilox-to-printing plate transfer, and prevent flooding or starving of the plate-printing surface.

plate roller n.

ΚΠ

1862 Times 20 Jan. 10/5 From this statement it appears that plate rollers..are able to earn a rate of daily pay equal to that of a Lieutenant-Colonel in Her Majesty's Foot Guards.

2004 Daily News (New Plymouth, N.Z.) (Nexis) 10 June (Advertising Suppl.) 11 We're pretty well set up here and there's not much we can't do... We have large plate rollers here and we do a lot of work for other Taranaki engineering companies.

plate-tossing n.

ΚΠ

1907 N.E.D. at Plate Plate-tossing.

2004 Newsday (N.Y.) (Nexis) 10 Mar. b5 The show's creator..adds to the mix a dash of martial arts, a sprinkle of magic tricks and a generous helping of acrobatic plate-tossing.

plate warmer n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > stove or cooker > [noun] > plate-warmer

plate warmer1721

hot closet1798

hot cupboard1820

hotplate1925

1721 Particular & Inventory Sir J. Blunt (South-Sea Company) 45 In the Kitchen... 1 Plate Warmer, a Ladle, a Scummer, a Slice [etc.].

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Plate-warmer, a small cupboard standing in front of a fire and holding plates to warm.

1991 V. Grisogono & M. Lynch Strokes & Head Injuries (BNC) 79 You may have to buy metal dish covers, plate warmers and Thermos flasks to keep the food and drinks warm.

(b)

plate-bending adj.

ΚΠ

1839 Times 31 Dec. 8/6 One hundred tons of iron and the implements of a Boilermaker; including..two plate furnaces, plate bending machine, levelling plates, [etc.].

1908 Cent. Dict. Suppl., 1148/3 Plate-bending rolls, in iron shipbuilding, a machine for bending plates into the forms required to fit the curved surfaces of a vessel.

1992 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 437 112 Each plate was then loaded in a plate-bending jig to obtain the global plate shear stiffness.

plate-rolling adj.

ΚΠ

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 706 The shingling and plate-rolling mill.

1944 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 150 125 a The plate-rolling practice at the Coatesville plant of the Lukens Steel Company is described.

2004 Mining & Metal Rep. (Nexis) 6 May It has specialized plate rolling and finishing equipment that will complement and increase the present supply position.

c. Instrumental.

† plate-encased adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters xxiv. 503 I could find in our recent fishes..no such plate-encased animals as the various species of Coccosteus or Pterichthys.

† plate-formed adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. c j b/1 A Plate-formed Cauterye, to cauterize the bone and the fleshe, and the whole parte.

plate-glazed adj.

ΚΠ

1911 Encycl. Brit. XX. 734/2 The super-calender is used to imitate the plate-glazed surface.

1915 J. Southward Mod. Printing (ed. 3) II. xxx. 258 Plate-glazed Paper is finished by being placed sheet by sheet between copper or zinc plates... The pile is pressed through powerful rollers.

1952 E. J. Labarre Dict. Paper (ed. 2) 200/1 Papers are also finished by passing through a sheet calendar.., such paper being sold as ‘plate-glazed’.

plate-shaped adj.

ΚΠ

1804 R. Jameson Syst. Mineral. I. 439 (note) The plate-shaped variety is named rock leather.

1901 G. W. James Indian Basketry xv. 228 Hold up this plate-shaped basket in a favorable light.

1993 Outdoor Canada Oct. 30/1 You'll have a rainbow of iridescent hues wrapped around a fat, plate-shaped butterball.

d. Parasynthetic.

† plate-buttoned adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1698 E. Ward London Spy I. i. 7 He..in the Plate-button'd Sute and White Beaver-Hat.

1727 W. Somervile Occas. Poems 68 Attorneys spruce, in their Plate-button'd Frocks.

1768 Tyburn Chron. IV. 386 He obliged him to pawn his plate buttoned coat, to satisfy his unjust demands, and came away in his waistcoat.

C2.

plate-basket n. (a) a basket in which silver spoons, forks, etc., are stored; (b) a basket for removing used plates, etc., from the table.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > basket > [noun] > for plate

hanaperc1440

plate-basket1721

1721 True Inventory Sir R. Chaplin (South-Sea Company) 4 In the Pantry. One Brass Plate Ring, one Knife Basket, two Plate Baskets, one Knife-tray, [etc.].

1870 M. Bridgman Robert Lynne I. xiii. 220 I shouldn't care to leave any of them alone with my plate-basket.

1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage vi. 20 She then took the plate-basket on her arm and went upstairs.

1937 F. W. Burgess Silver: Pewter Sheffield Plate ii. 17 The oddments of..the plate basket reveal many reminders of older habits and throw sidelights upon the customs of the peoples of different ages.

† plate-black n. Printing Obsolete rare a carbon-based pigment used in printing from plates.

ΚΠ

1889 Cent. Dict. at Black Plate-black, a combination of lampblack and bone-black..used in plate-printing.

† plate-bolt n. Obsolete (a) a bolt which slides on a flat plate; (b) a bolt with a wide flat head.

ΚΠ

1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 33 Plate, and Spring-bolts..to fasten Doors and Windows.

1839 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 290/2 One of the most perfect securities for a beam-end..is the plate-bolt... The extreme end of the beam is tied downward by bolts.

plate-bone n. †(a) (perhaps) the sternum of a cow; cf. sense 23 (obsolete); (b) the shoulder blade, the scapula.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [noun] > of chest or stomach

buckler?1541

ensiform cartilage?1541

plate-bonea1665

omosternum1868

xiphisternum1872

ensiform1907

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bony support for limbs > shoulder-girdle > [noun] > shoulder bone

shoulder bladea1300

shoulder-bonec1320

spauld-bonec1400

omoplate?a1425

scapple1578

scapula1578

shield-bonec1600

spade-bone1612

plate-bonea1665

speal-bone1771

blade-bone1845

a1665 K. Digby Closet Opened (1669) 157 Take any bones..as the Ribs, the Chine-bones, the buckler plate-bone.

1693 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 975 The lateral Fins..being excarnated, are like the whole Arm, with a Plate-bone, Shoulder-bone.

1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. 87 Plate-bone, the blade-bone.

1993 Science 24 Dec. 1975/2 They found that the plate-bone boundary of the dinosaur was very irregular, undulating up and down just as it does in contemporary birds.

† plate bulb n. Obsolete rare a bulbous thickened edge of an iron plate.

ΚΠ

1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 110 This method is also sometimes employed in forming the arms of plate bulb beams, but in this case the end of the beam must be heated and cut, and the lower part bent.

plate camera n. a camera which takes photographs on plates having a light-sensitive coating, rather than on film.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > [noun] > general types of

box camera1828

daguerreotype1839

view camera1851

pistolgraph1859

pinhole camera1861

panoramic camera1862

pantoscopic camera1865

pistolograph1866

pantoscope1879

detective camera1881

filmograph1881

photographometera1884

photochronograph1887

snap-shooter1890

stand camera1890

tele-objective camera1891

film camera1893

magazine camera1893

panoram1893

telephoto1894

mutograph1897

tele-camera1899

telephote1903

press camera1912

reflex1922

candid camera1929

minicam1935

single-lens reflex1936

plate camera1937

magic eye1938

subminiature1947

miniature1952

all-sky camera1955

microfilmer1959

stereo-camera1959

streak camera1962

gallery camera1964

SLR1964

TLR1965

spy-camera1968

pinhole1976

multi-mode1981

digicam1989

point-and-shoot1991

1865 Sci. Amer. 9 Dec. 379/2 We claim, first, the improved construction and arrangement of the parts of the flat plate camera.]

1937 Discovery June 177/2 Really good second-hand plate-cameras can be bought quite cheaply.

1956 Focal Encycl. Photogr. 868/1 Plate cameras are generally larger than film cameras.

1991 Daily Tel. 23 Feb. 17/5 On his eighth birthday he was given a five-shilling Kodak Box Brownie, and within two years had graduated to a 30-shilling plate camera.

plate clutch n. a clutch in which the engaging surfaces are flat metal plates.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > parts which provide power > [noun] > clutches

bayonet1798

clutch1814

gland1825

friction-clutch1842

disc clutch1859

shifter1869

cone-clutch1874

clutch-box1875

jaw clutch1893

plate clutch1906

band clutch1910

single-plate clutch1926

1906 Daily Chron. 14 Nov. 9/3 The enormously increased popularity of the multiple disc or ‘plate’ clutches.

1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 5 Jan. 95/2 Power..is transmitted via an independent plate-clutch.

2004 Townsville (Queensland, Austral.) Bull. (Nexis) 3 July 610 In the mechanical version a single dry plate clutch and four forward gears were specified for the GL model but the GX gained an extra fifth gear.

† plate-coat n. Obsolete a piece of armour for the trunk comprising a textile garment lined with small overlapping plates secured by rivets or a trellis of stitches; a brigandine, a jack.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > body armour > [noun] > coat of mail or corselet

ring netOE

burnec1050

briniec1175

hauberk1297

coatc1300

bryn1330

habergeon1377

jackc1380

doublet of defence (or fence)1418

petticoatc1425

gesteron1469

byrnie1488

coat of fence1490

corset1490

corse1507

sark of mail1515

plate-coat1521

shirt of mail1522

mail-coat1535

corslet1563

costlet1578

pewter coat1584

cataphract1591

pyne doublet1600

sponge1600

coat-armour1603

brace1609

coat of arms1613

frock of mail1671

mail-shirt1816

mail-sark1838

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > body armour > [noun] > plate-coat or -jacket

coatc1300

acton1328

jackc1380

haquetona1400

jazeranta1400

coat of fence1490

halkrig1516

plate-coat1521

coat-armour1603

coat of arms1613

plate-jackc1720

jacket1916

flak jacket1956

1521 in J. M. Bestall & D. V. Fowkes Chesterfield Wills & Inventories 1521–1603 (1977) 2 A Rostyng yron a plaet Coyt a Chaffer of brase.

1677 Lovers Quarrel 278 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) II. 264 Thou'st have the horse with all my heart, And my Plate Coat of silver free.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. xvi. 310 But that I wore a shirt of Spanish mail under my plate-coat, I had been fairly sped.

plate count n. an estimate of cell density in milk, soil, etc., made by inoculating a culture plate (sense 30) with a suitably diluted sample and counting the number of colonies that appear.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > measure > [noun] > count

cell count1899

plate count1901

platelet count1909

1901 Jrnl. Hygiene 1 301 The effect of the ice-packing upon the number of colonies appearing in the ordinary plate count has been already discussed.

1928 Jrnl. Bacteriol. 16 270 The manner of making plate counts which prevails in public-health and other laboratories where daily counts are made on a number of samples of milk.

2003 Microbial Ecol. 46 312 Microscopic counts, extractable DNA, and plate counts..revealed that the top centimeter of crusted soils contained atypically large bacterial populations.

plate cultivation n. = plate culture n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > culturing

culture1880

cultivation1881

plate culture1885

plate cultivation1886

test-tube culture1886

plating1898

subculturing1899

test-tube cultivation1899

explantation1915

replica plating1952

1886 E. Klein Micro-organisms & Dis. (ed. 3) v. 41 One of the best methods for isolation is that of the plate-cultivation introduced by Koch [1883] in connection with the isolation of the choleraic comma bacilli.

1900 Proc. Royal Soc. 67 460 By making agar plate-cultivations from the exudation from the lungs,.., the specific bacillus may be isolated.

2002 Dis. Aquatic Organisms 51 93 During plate cultivation, the dominating Flavobacterium species can be masked by saprophytic species.

plate culture n. the cultivation of microorganisms on culture plates (sense 30); a culture obtained by this method.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > culturing

culture1880

cultivation1881

plate culture1885

plate cultivation1886

test-tube culture1886

plating1898

subculturing1899

test-tube cultivation1899

explantation1915

replica plating1952

1885 Science 5 June 455/1 Plate-culture.—Colonies faintly golden red; irregular, indented margins.

1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xvii. 216 Plate-cultures are made on heated blood-agar.

1990 N. G. Heatley in Z. A. Cohn & C. L. Moberg Launching Antibiotic Age 32 Here is a photograph of Fleming's famous plate, the essentials being a staphylococcal plate culture contaminated by a fungus.

plate cylinder n. Printing a cylinder to which plates are attached in a rotary printing press.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > cylinder > type or plate cylinder

type-cylinder1839

plate cylinder1871

1871 A. Ure Dict. Arts II. 492 The ink is diffused upon the plate cylinder as before described.

1915 Southward's Mod. Printing (ed. 3) II. xxxiii. 281 Rotary lithographic machines work from zinc or aluminium plates carried on a plate cylinder.

1990 Brit. Printer Nov. 16/4 The 365 metres a minute Starflex also incorporates Robolift, which automatically changes the anilox rollers and plate cylinders.

plate day n. the day of a race for a plate (sense 7).

ΚΠ

1704 London Gaz. No. 4000/4 Galloways..to be kept in Ipswich..till the Plate-day.

1983 P. Gzowski Unbroken Line i. 41 For Mike the appeal of Plate Day was not so much the feature race..as the quality of the whole card.

plate electrical machine n. now rare a machine for generating static electricity, in which a revolving plate of glass rubs against a cushion or between cushions, picking up an electric charge in the process.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > [noun] > electricity generated by friction > machine generating

plate machine1775

friction-machine1802

plate electrical machine1849

1849 H. M. Noad Lect. Electr. (ed. 3) 25 The Plate Electrical Machine..consists of a circular plate of thick glass, revolving vertically by means of a winch between two uprights [etc.].

1874 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. 473 The energy of the secondary induced current in effecting the combination or the decomposition of gases and vapours is much greater than that of the ordinary cylinder or plate electrical machine.

1973 W. D. Hackmann (title) The invention and development of the eighteenth century plate electrical machine.

plate gauge n. a gauge consisting of a metal plate with notches of various widths cut along its edge.

ΚΠ

1873 C. P. B. Shelley Workshop Appliances 22 A wire or plate gauge..is in fact a simple kind of contact measure, formed by cutting a series of parallel-sided notches of varying widths, round the edge of a small plate of steel.

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 651/2 Plate gauge, a limit gauge or single external gauge formed by cutting slots of the required gauge width in a steel plate.

2000 Indian Business Insight (Nexis) 31 Dec. ESL is the only producer of coil gauges of 1.6-2.5 millimetres; plate gauges of 20 millimetres..and plates of more [than] 2,000 millimetres width.

plate girder n. a girder formed of a plate or plates of iron or steel.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > beams or supports

sillc897

sole-tree1527

spur1529

brace1530

rance1574

strut1587

ground pin1632

ground-plate1663

strut-beam1668

wale-piece1739

strutting-beam1753

wale1754

stretcher1774

tie1793

tie-beam1823

strutting1833

lattice frame1838

tie-bolt1838

tie rod1839

brace-rod1844

web1845

box girder1849

plate girder1849

lattice beam1850

lattice girder1852

girder1853

twister1875

under-girder1875

truss-beam1877

raker1880

wind-bracing1890

portal strut1894

stirrup1909

knee-brace1912

tee-beam1930

tee section1963

binder-

1849 W. Fairburn Acct. Constr. Britannia & Conway Tubular Bridges i. 176 Is there anything new in this application of wrought-iron plate girders?

1950 Engineering 8 Dec. 465/3 Mr. Dean, in his report on metal under-bridges, concluded that plate girders are the most economical and satisfactory form of construction for the main girders.

1992 New Civil Engineer 13 Feb. 12/2 The main structural members of the steel bridge are I-section riveted plate girders in pairs, one pair at each side of each carriageway.

† plate-hat n. Obsolete a hat consisting of a coarse body covered with a layer of finer material.

ΚΠ

1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 64/1 There are three descriptions or qualities of hats made of wool, viz. beaver-hats, plate-hats, and felt-hats.

1886 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. ii. 547/2 Plate-hat, a hat of which only the outer layer is fur.

plate holder n. Photography a container in which photographic plates are stored to prevent exposure to light.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > parts and accessories of camera > [noun] > plate-holders or boxes

dark box1839

plate holder1850

slide1856

repeating back1867

cassette1875

roller slide1877

kit1885

sheath1890

1850 Sci. Amer. 28 Sept. 14/2 I claim the daguerreotype plate holder, constructed substantially as herein described, of a block with a spring edge, by which the plate is secured to it.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1738/2 Inside frames..are used within the plate-holder for making small negatives.

2003 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 10 Dec. 46 This technique was offered first by Andre (Adolphe) Disderi in 1854 using a camera with more than one lens and a sliding plate holder that could produce eight or even ten different poses on the same plate.

plate horse n. a racehorse which competes in races for plates (sense 7); cf. plater n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > racehorse > in specific kind of race

plate horse1740

flat1811

mile-horse1829

steeplechaser1839

plater1859

all-ages1864

trace-mate1880

chaser1884

flat-racer1886

handicapper1890

miler1894

point-to-pointer1929

1740 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 466/1 The Spaniard was as much too nimble for her, as a Plate Horse for a Hackney Hobby.

1810 Sporting Mag. 36 158 He afterwards was a very capital plate horse.

2004 Toronto Sun (Nexis) 27 June (Sports section) 21 My most disappointing Plate horse was probably Steady Effort, which won the western derbies and in the Queen's Plate led until the 16 pole, then faded.

† plate-jack n. [ < plate n. + jack n.¹] Obsolete a piece of body armour consisting of a sleeveless jacket plated with iron; (also) a coat of mail.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > body armour > [noun] > plate-coat or -jacket

coatc1300

acton1328

jackc1380

haquetona1400

jazeranta1400

coat of fence1490

halkrig1516

plate-coat1521

coat-armour1603

coat of arms1613

plate-jackc1720

jacket1916

flak jacket1956

c1720 Bewick & Graham xxii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1890) IV. vii. 147/1 He put on his back a good plate-jack, And on his head a cap of steel.

1800 W. Scott Eve St. John 2 His platejack was brac'd, and his helmet was lac'd.

† plate kiln n. Obsolete rare a form of malt-kiln.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > malting > [noun] > kiln

oastOE

malt-kiln1538

malting kiln1641

east1669

plate kiln1738

cockle oast1743

hop-kiln1784

hop-oast1818

cockle stove1877

sirocco1890

1738 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer III. iii. 9 The Plate Kiln, and the Tyle Kiln, which are full of small Holes, were invented to dry brown Malts, and to save Charges.

† plate-knee n. Shipbuilding Obsolete an angled metal plate used for bolting beams, etc., together.

ΚΠ

1839 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 290/2 Robert's plate-knee is a very strong method of fastening [a beam-end to the side of a ship].

1877 W. H. White Man. Naval Archit. ix. 359 Sometimes deep plate-knees are fitted below a few of the beams in iron ships.

† plate-lace n. Obsolete silver or gold lace.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > lace > made from specific materials > gold or silver

bisset1561

plate-lace1585

orris1594

orris workc1710

1585 in J. Arnold Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd (1988) 276/1 By the Countes of Shrewesbury A gowne of Tawny wrought vellatt satten ground bound Aboute with a plate Lace of venis gold and Sylver.

a1666 R. Fanshawe tr. A. Hurtado de Mendoza Fiestas de Aranjuez 14 in tr. A. Hurtado de Mendoza Querer por solo Querer (1670) A short Petticoat and Kirtle of massie Tissue with Plate-Lace.

1695 tr. M. Misson New Voy. Italy I. 73 The Husband was in Black Cloaths, with a Cloak over-laid with Lace, a great Ruff, and a little Crown of Gold Plate-Lace above his Peruke.

plate lap n. Shipbuilding any of the overlapping plates covering the sides of a ship.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > plating > overlap

plate lap1874

1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 285 In setting off the rivet holes in the frame angle-irons, when building by the Clyde system, a batten is bent to the curvature of the frame on the scrive board,..and the positions of the plate laps, etc., are set off upon it; after this the distances between the laps are divided so as to have a spacing of rivets about eight diameters apart.

1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 62 The plate-laps, ribbands, stringers, and deck-beams.

1959 L. E. Brownell & E. H. Young Process Equipm. Design: Vessel Design iv. 58/2 No more than three plate laps should be located within 12 in. of each other or of the shell.

2008 H. A. Youssef & H. El-Hofy Machining Technol. iii. 151 Hand rubbing of a flat WP on a plate lap charged with an abrasive compound is the simplest method of flat lapping.

† plate-lead n. Weaving Obsolete = platine n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > weight

platine1688

plate-lead1782

1782 Encycl. Brit. IX. 6711/1 The high-lisses, or lists, are a number of long threads, with platines, or plate-leads, at the bottom.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 230/1 The plate-leads, or platines, are flat pieces of lead, of about six inches long, and three or four inches broad at the top, but round at the bottom; some use black slates instead of them: their use is to pull down those lisses which the workman had raised by the treddle, after his foot is taken off.

† plate-leather n. Obsolete leather used to polish silver plate, etc.

ΚΠ

1819 Liverpool Mercury 9 July 9/3 (advt.) Fine Plate Leather.

1849 Servants' Mag. 12 83 Locks and finger plates are lackered, in which case you must rub them with a soft piece of plate leather.

1893 Cornhill Mag. Oct. 391 Thomson retires to the pantry and wipes his eyes on the plate-leather.

1900 Macmillan's Mag. Oct. 450/1 The energy which uses so willingly the rag and the oil-can, might surely be diverted occasionally to the dusting-brush and the plate-leather.

plate line n. = plate-mark n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > intaglio printing > [noun] > a print > plate-mark

plate-mark1889

plate line1931

1931 A. Esdaile Student's Man. Bibliogr. v. 151 All intaglio engravings will show a ‘plate-line’; the paper which is pressed by the plate is smooth and sunk, while beyond the edge of the plate it keeps its natural surface; the resulting line is called the plate-line.

1961 T. Landau Encycl. Librarianship (ed. 2) 281/1 Plate line, a characteristic mark in intaglio printing, especially of engravings, due to the great pressure exerted by the engraving press on the paper.

plate-lock n. (a) a lock with a wooden outer case, usually used on outside doors; (b) a lock in which the works are mounted on an iron plate.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > lock > lock in a case

plate-lock1349

plat-lock1349

stock-lock1365

box1731

1349 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer 471/3 m.13 (MED) Pro emendacione j plateloke et pro j noua claue.

1385 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1882) I. 236 (MED) Item, recepit de Ricardo Flecher pro uno platelok, x d.

1485 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 29 Ther is, for the postern gate, a plate locke with a bolte, yryn, & ij keyes. Also v plate lockes with v cleket keyes.

1663–4 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 125 One plate locke for a woodhole.

1701 in W. M. Myddelton Chirk Castle Accts. (1931) II. 18 July 322 2 plate locks for 2 Clossetts.

1891 Notes & Queries 7th Ser. 11 313/2 Plate lock is still the trade term in Wolverhampton and elsewhere for a stock lock, i.e., a lock of which the outer case is wood, usually oak.

1985 Western Polit. Q. 38 330 When it [sc. Wolverhampton Platelock Workers' Cooperative] is subject to below cost price-cutting by the capitalist platelock producers, Mill comes to its defense.

2017 T. L. Norman Electronic Access Control iii. 53 All magnetic locks are fail safe and come in one of two varieties: plate locks and shear locks. Plate locks place the steel plate on the vertical surface of the door.

plate machine n. †(a) = plate electrical machine n. (now historical and rare); (b) a machine for moulding items (rare).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > [noun] > electricity generated by friction > machine generating

plate machine1775

friction-machine1802

plate electrical machine1849

1775 J. Priestley Hist. & Present State Electr. (ed. 3) Index Ramsden, Mr. his plate machine, 487.

1789 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 79 269 Plate machines do not collect more electricity than cylinders..do with half the rubbed surface.

c1865 J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 179/1 A seven-feet plate machine..will..charge thirty jars.

1899 Metal Worker 13 May 38/1 Under the Second head we might possibly class the machine as a draw or stripping plate machine, which by the movement of a lever drops the patterns from the mold, they being rammed in the usual way by hand.

1907 N.E.D. at Plate sb. Plate machine..a variation of the potter's wheel adapted for making table-ware, plates, dishes, etc.

2003 M. B. Schiffer Draw Lightning Down iii. 53 Not only did a plate machine sometimes arc, and lose charge to ground, but cushion adjustment was critical.

plate matter n. Printing (now historical) newspaper text on a stereotype plate ready for printing, used by central news agencies, etc., to supply finished articles to local journals.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > journalism > journal > matter of or for journals > [noun] > stereotype or syndicated matter

patent outsides1871

patent insides1879

plate matter1881

boilerplate1884

1881 Fort Madison (Iowa) Democrat 10 Aug. ‘Fair Play’ calls it the ‘Chicago’ P. D. [i.e. Plain Dealer] on account of its being stuffed each week with from fifteen to twenty columns of stale plate matter from Chicago.

1907 J. L. Given Making Newspaper 230 Plate matter is a boon to the country editor.

1943 H. Johnson Other Side Main Street ix. 104 This sketch, besides appearing in the Pioneer Press, went on the wires of the Associated Press and was furnished as plate matter to numerous smalltown newspapers.

1960 G. Myers Hist. Bigotry xvii. 172 Aside from news items chosen or doctored to suit the purpose, the main contents were columns of ‘plate’ matter defaming the Catholic church and its prelates.

plate metal n. (a) iron run off from a refinery and allowed to set in moulds, to be broken up and remelted for use; †(b) = plate pewter n. (obsolete); (c) metal in the form of plate (sense 8c).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > pewter > types of

lay metalc1480

plate metal1668

plate pewter1828

trifle1839

trifle-pewter1875

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > cast metal > from large moulds

plate metal1831

1668–9 in C. Welch Hist. Worshipful Co. Pewterers (1902) II. 140 It is..agreed..that..every person that taketh Hollow-ware of any workman & returneth not him for the same ¹/ ₂ plate mettle and ¹/ ₂ London Trifles, shall pay unto such workman [etc.].

1797 J. Walker Elem. Geogr. (ed. 3) ii. 112 Pewter may be distinguished under three kinds; namely, plate-metal, trifling, and ley.

1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 84 The quantity of plate metal put into the furnace at once varies, according to circumstances.

1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron xiii. 245 The plate of fine metal, refined iron, plate metal, or simply metal, as the product of the refinery is variously called.

2004 Countryside & Small Stock Jrnl. (Nexis) 1 July 37 A sheet of plate metal..is under the end where the fire is built, to prevent the bottom of the tank from burning out.

plate mill n. a mill for rolling metal plates.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with metal > [noun] > rolling-mill

rolling mill1616

plate mill1671

steel mill1858

roller shop1859

lead-mill1863

sheet-mill1884

1671 J. H. Schroter Minute 9 Nov. in T. Birch Hist. Royal Soc. (1756) II. 489 Copper, which is either beaten thin, or by a plate-mill is brought to that thinness.

1780 Farmer's Mag. Dec. 360 Plate-mills, rag and paper-mills, are not tythable.

1867 Engineering 4 Jan. 1/2 In the reversing plate mill at the London and North-Western Steel Works..the reversal of the motion of the rolls is effected by reversing the..engines.

2004 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 30 July (Business section) 1 Stelco closed a 200-worker plate mill in Hamilton and a 175-worker pipe mill in Welland last year.

† plate mundic n. Mineralogy (English regional (Cornwall)) Obsolete = arsenopyrite n. at arseno- comb. form 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > [noun] > other arsenides

plate mundic1758

placodine1854

placodite1886

maucherite1913

westerveldite1972

1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall xii. 136 The yellow-mundic was most active, as consisting of more salt than the plate-mundic, but the brown-mundic has more salt still than the yellow.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XII. 126/1 Iron..mixed... With arsenic; called mispickel by the Germans, and plate mundic in Cornwall.

plate nail n. a nail used for fastening plates (in various senses).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > track > parts and fittings of rails

string-piece1789

carriage1816

chair1816

pedestal1816

surface plate1822

web1835

frog1837

switch-bar1837

snake-head1845

fish1847

fish-joint1849

plate nail1849

fishing-key1852

fish-plate1855

joint-chair1856

rail chair1864

railhead1868

lead1871

fish-bar1872

splice-piece1875

fish-plating1881

splice-jointa1884

splice-bar1894

1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 39 Plate Nails, used, in laying tramway, to nail the plates to the sleepers.

1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words (at cited word) A plate-nail is driven through a hole in the plate, which is countersunk to receive the head of the nail.

1935 H. Heslop Last Cage Down i. i. 10 He banged the roof and coal face. He gave Jim Cameron four plate nails.

1999 Mother Earth News June–July 60 The roof is made from trusses (prefabbed on-site), and complex joints are made using 2 x 4-sized metal construction plates fastened with fat plate nails or short deck screws.

† plate-of-wind n. Obsolete rare a narrow aperture in the mouth of an organ pipe angled to direct the flow of air over the lip.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > pipe > other parts of pipes

tongue1551

mouth1727

lip1728

reed1728

wind-cuttera1834

labium1847

beak1852

beard1852

underlip1852

wedge1852

body tube1854

plate-of-wind1875

wind-way1875

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1738/2 Plate-of-wind, in the construction of organ-pipes, a thin aperture whence a sheet of air issues, impinging upon the lip of the mouth and receiving a vibration which is imparted to the column of air in the pipe.

plate painter n. a person who paints decorative designs on china, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > decoration of china > [noun] > painting > painter

paintress1825

vase-painter1832

plate painter1875

hausmaler1935

1875 W. Cory Lett. & Jrnls. (1897) 379 Do not Minton's plate-painters enjoy the same freedom of invention as middle-age stone-carvers?

2000 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl.-Bull. (Nexis) 19 Mar. 9 c Mrs. Boeglin had worked as a plate painter at the former Atlantic Engraving, West Warwick.

plate paper n. a fine absorbent paper on which engravings are printed.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > [noun] > material for printing on

India paper1749

India paper proof1814

plate paper1818

1818 M. Faraday Let. 8 Oct. in Corr. (1991) I. 168 One thousand grains of French Plate Paper.

1879 Printing Trades Jrnl. xxix. 6 Printed on superfine plate-paper.

1996 Record (Bergen County, New Jersey) (Nexis) 12 Apr. 21 In addition to the original art, the collection includes hundreds of original wood engraving prints on plate paper and Japanese paper.

plate pewter n. a high-grade, hard type of pewter, used especially for plates and dishes.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > pewter > types of

lay metalc1480

plate metal1668

plate pewter1828

trifle1839

trifle-pewter1875

1828 S. F. Gray Operative Chemist 632 Plate pewter, used for dishes and plates; this is the best kind, and contains the smallest quantity of other metals added to the tin.

1884 Knight's New Amer. Mech. Dict. 1677/1 The plate-pewter has, tin, 100; antimony, 8; bismuth, 2; copper, 2.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 339/1 Plate pewter (100 parts of tin, 8 of antimony, 4 of copper and 4 of bismuth).

1934 Pop. Mech. Dec. 955/1 A word about the proper metals for spinning: Pewter is ideal; either No. 1 (plate pewter) or No. 2 (triple pewter).

2005 N. Shopland Archaeol. Finds i. 28 High-grade pewter, known as hard or plate pewter contained copper and was lead-free. Cheaper pewter was high in lead.

plate pie n. chiefly British a pie with a pastry base and crust.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > pie > [noun] > other pies

crustade?c1390

flampointc1390

custardc1450

standing pie1587

pudding pie1593

French pie1611

pirog1662

battalia pie1664

tourte1706

custard pie1729

raised pie1740

sea-pie1751

cream pie1816

pot-pie1823

scrap-pie1829

resurrection pie1831

chess pie1860

Washington pie1878

milk tart1896

angel pie1923

chiffon pie1929

melktert1938

plate pie1946

banoffi pie1974

banoffi1994

1946 F. M. McNeill Recipes from Scotl. 13 A plate-pie, i.e., with pastry above and below the filling.

2004 Evening Standard (Nexis) 23 July 29 Chipolatas with a veal chop, steak-and-kidney plate pie, and steamed treacle pudding are not obvious dishes for a posh West End hotel restaurant.

† plate-piece of eight n. Obsolete a piece of eight.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Spanish coins > silver > Spanish dollar

royal of plate1559

piastre1592

rial of eight1598

piece of eight1606

royal of eight1606

real of eight1612

rial1640

plate-piece of eight1680

cob1681

cross-dollar1689

duro1777

1680 W. Temple Ess. Advancem. Trade Ireland in Miscellanea iii. 104 In 1663, when the Plate-pieces of Eight were raised three pence in the piece.

a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 126 Weighty Plate pieces, together with Ducatoons, which estimate to be three quarters of the Money now currant in Ireland; do already pass at proportionable Rates.]

plate powder n. a powder used to polish silverware.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > polishing > [noun] > polish > types of

pumice1422

emery1481

foam of copperas1538

pumex1589

emery-stone1610

smiris1610

putty1663

rottenstone1677

tutty1731

French rouge?1745

rotstone1767

plate powder1786

emery-powder18..

rouge1808

waxing1825

black lead1830

tin-putty1839

red stuff1844

stove-polish1858

crocusa1861

crocus-powder1873

furniture cream1873

grit-emery1884

silver polish1895

Ronuk1896

Brasso1905

floor polish1907

lavender cream1926

lavender polish1961

lavender wax1970

1786 J. Woodforde Diary 24 Apr. (1926) II. 241 For some plate Powder at Chases p^d 0. 1. 0.

1883 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 585/1 A plate-powder is..sometimes made by levigating quicksilver with twelve times its weight of prepared chalk [etc.].

2003 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 17 Dec. 93 Mix two teaspoons of plate powder, two dessertspoons of cloudy ammonia and 1 1/2 cups of warm water. Soak a flannelette cloth in this mixture until it completely absorbs the liquid. Leave to dry, then clean the jewellery.

plate printer n. a printer who prints from intaglio plates.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printer > [noun] > printer using specific system

glyphographer1843

plate printer1847

process worker1885

process engraver1892

1847 Times 24 Apr. 8/2 The defendant stipulated to give the plaintiff 80l. for the plate, which she ordered to be sent to Mr. Hawkins, a plate printer, in order that a proof on India paper might be struck off.

1909 Daily Chron. 13 Aug. 1/4 Robert Girling Norman, aged 31, a plate printer.

2004 Star-Telegram (Fort Worth, Texas) (Nexis) 26 Apr. 1 a Johnson works as a plate printer at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing's Western Currency Facility in far north Fort Worth.

plate rack n. a rack or frame in which plates are placed to drain, or in which they are usually stored; (also) a closed cupboard in which plates are kept, esp. on a ship.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > table-vessels > dish or plate > rack for storing or draining

plate rack1689

1689 Brechin Test. VII. f. 211, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Ane plaitt rack or carier, ix s.

1785 G. Cartwright Jrnl. 23 Oct. (1792) III. vi. 87 Mr. Collingham fixed the plate-rack in the kitchen.

1862 C. P. Smyth Three Cities in Russia II. 140 Furnished in the corners with towering plate-racks, holding a number of gold and silver dishes.

1990 Ideal Home Apr. 180/4 (advt.) Our handmade plate racks and shelf units will add a touch of old country charm.

plate rail n. (a) a flat rail with a raised flange, as used in a plate railway (= sense 20); (also) a flat metal strip fixed to the top of a wooden rail; (b) a rail or narrow shelf, either part of a piece of furniture or, more usually, attached high up on the walls of a room, on which ornamental plates and other items can be displayed.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] > laid with rails > rail

rail?1608

turn-plate1797

gully1800

plate rail1801

plate1807

tram-plate1807

tramway plate1825

track-rail1877

1801 Times 23 Sept. 4/2 (advt.) The Genteel Household Furniture..and various other Effects; comprising..a capital set of mahogany dining tables, a ditto sideboard table with plate rail and standards, [etc.].

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 644 Bars of cast iron..known..by the denomination of the plate-rail, tramway plate, barrow-way plate.

1872 J. B. Jorvis Railway Prop. 157 The track..was..in good order, probably as smooth at the time referred to as any railway; it was a flat bar or plate rail, laid on southern pine rail timbers well secured.

1911 Sandusky (Ohio) Reg. 20 Sept. 4/6 Our house money is kept in the cracked teapot on the platerail in the dining room.

1961 T. K. Derry & T. I. Williams Short Hist. Technol. 378 A broad plate-rail with a vertical flange on the inner side to hold plain wagon-wheels in position was the most usual, having the advantage that it did not debar the wagons which ran on it from running along the public highway as well.

2003 Standard (St. Catharines, Ont.) (Nexis) 31 Jan. 3 The cabinets..have interior lighting, so the contents are easily seen. They will have a plate rail carved either into the wood at the back, or onto the glass shelf.

plate railway n. an early form of railway in which the wagons run with flat wheels on flanged plates (sense 20).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] > laid with rails

railway1681

railroad1757

plate railway1825

plateway1825

road railway1850

strap road1861

strap railroad1909

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 644 Bars of cast iron..known..by the denomination of the plate-rail, tramway plate, barrow-way plate... The first we shall distinguish by the name of the edge railway; the second, by that of the plate railway.

1853 E. C. Seaman Ess. Progress Nations 503 The plate railway, or Tramway of cast iron, came into use in the collieries of the north of England about the year 1770.

1999 Copley News Service (Nexis) 25 Oct. The engineer on the crude plate railway yanks on a long lever to start the creaking old gear engine into motion.

† plate-rand n. [ < plate n. + rand n.¹ 2a] English regional (Northamptonshire) Obsolete a thin cut from a brisket of beef (cf. sense 23).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > beef > [noun] > other cuts or parts

tild1342

ox foota1398

oxtaila1425

neat's foot?c1450

beef-flick1462

sticking piece1469

ox-tonguea1475

aitch-bone1486

fore-crop?1523

sirloin1525

mouse-piece1530

ox-cheek1592

neat's tongue1600

clod1601

sticking place1601

skink1631

neck beef1640

round1660

ox-heart1677

runner1688

sticking draught1688

brisket-beef1697

griskin1699

sey1719

chuck1723

shin1736

gravy beef1747

baron of beef1755

prime rib1759

rump and dozen1778

mouse buttock1818

slifta1825

nine holes1825

spauld-piece1828

trembling-piece1833

shoulder-lyar1844

butt1845

plate1854

plate-rand1854

undercut1859

silver-side1861

bed1864

wing rib1883

roll1884

strip-loin1884

hind1892

topside1896

rib-eye1926

buttock meat1966

onglet1982

1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 121 Plate-rand, the flat ribs of beef.

plate rock n. Mining (now rare) = sense 19.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > shale

metal1672

shale1747

shillet1777

plate1794

skerry1844

plate-shale1881

plate rock1893

1893 C. D. Wright Phosphate Industr. U.S. (6th Special Rep. Comm. of Labor) i. 41 Plate rock is more circumscribed than the other deposits, is more accessible, and has been more thoroughly exploited.

1913 E. H. Sellards Origin Hard Rock Phosphate Deposits Florida in 5th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv. 62 The plate rock deposits represent a peculiar phase of the hard rock formation. It seems probable that the plate rock represents, in part at least, fragments of boulders that have disintegrated.

2005 D. S. Hammond Trop. Forests Guiana Shield ii. 15/2 The South American plate abruptly ends off the western Pacific coast along the ‘trailing’ boundary of the plate where the giant Pacific plate rock moves beneath, or subducts the South American plate.

plate roll n. a roller for rolling metal plates or sheets.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > rolling equipment > roller or set of

roll1410

breaking-down rollers1839

planishing roller1839

plate roll1861

stand1873

bending rolls1874

1861 W. Fairbairn Iron 111 The cylindrical part B, for plate-rolls should be slightly concave.

1930 Engineering 7 Nov. 579/2 (heading) Plate-roll finishing machine.

1991 Ships Monthly Apr. 20/2 Technical appendices..include a valuable note on the tools used in iron shipbuilding in 1842, plate rolls, piercing and shearing machines, a radial drill and the hand ratchet drill.

plate room n. (a) a room for keeping plate (sense 2a); (b) a safe or locked room where a printer's plates are stored.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printing trade > [noun] > printing establishment > rooms in printing establishment

press room1683

composing-room1737

plate room1767

machine room1833

caseroom1834

plate-safe1888

the mind > possession > supply > storage > [noun] > place where anything is or may be stored > store-room > specific

store-loft1612

plate room1767

napery1819

box room1820

locker room1870

store-shed1879

the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > place for keeping tableware

sculleryc1440

eweryc1460

silver scullery1686

butler's pantry1721

pewtery1864

plate room1931

1767 J. Paine Plans Noblemen & Gentlemen's Houses 10 Near the back stairs is the butler's pantry, c; within it is a plate room, f.

1873 A. Trollope Eustace Diamonds I. xvii. 225 Lady Eustace had found all the family jewels belonging to the Eustace family in the strong plate room at Portray Castle.

1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 710/1 The plate-safe or plate-room is the repository of the stereo and electro plates.

1931 Notes & Queries 10 Oct. 262/2 The plate-room..is a strong steel and fireproof apartment.

2004 Gold Coast Bull. (Austral.) (Nexis) 27 July The purpose-built 4000 sq. m. print centre consists of..a plate room, storage facilities and mezzanine level plant room.

† plate-safe n. Obsolete = plate room n. (b).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printing trade > [noun] > printing establishment > rooms in printing establishment

press room1683

composing-room1737

plate room1767

machine room1833

caseroom1834

plate-safe1888

1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 710/1 The plate-safe or plate-room is the repository of the stereo and electro plates.

† plate-shale n. Mining Obsolete = sense 19.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > shale

metal1672

shale1747

shillet1777

plate1794

skerry1844

plate-shale1881

plate rock1893

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 164 Plate-shale, a hard argillaceous bed.

plate shears n. strong hand-shears for cutting sheets of metal; (also) a mechanical cutter for thick metal plates.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > cutting equipment

plate shears1599

cropping shears1873

crocodile shears1884

tinsnips1944

tinmen's snips1950

society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > shears or scissors > [noun] > types of

plate shears1599

stock-shears1688

right1846

snips1846

cropping shears1873

crocodile shears1884

kitchen scissors1907

tinsnips1944

tinmen's snips1950

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > cutting equipment > machines

slitting-mill?1677

slit-mill1776

shear1845

nail cutter1851

plate shears1861

bar-cutter1874

paper cutter1880

guillotine1881

croppera1884

guillotine shears1884

nibbler1939

1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 112/1 With a greate payre of platesheares cut the same of such a longitude as you desire to have it.

1861 W. Fairbairn Iron 116 Before the introduction of the plate shears, they were used to cut boiler plates.

1899 Atlantic Monthly Nov. 672/1 The bow of the McGuire, raking the Annie Rosey from the counter forward to the bitts, lopped off her rail as plate shears bite through sheathing.

2003 Canad. Machinery & Metalworking (Nexis) July 43 The Beyeler Group, a European manufacturer and supplier of press brakes and plate shears.

plate ship n. a vessel carrying silver, esp. a Spanish ship of the plate fleet (plate fleet n.).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > trading vessel > cargo vessel > [noun] > carrying ore or metal

tinman1611

plate ship1624

assogue1692

ore-carrier1853

1624 Weekely Newes No. 7. (title) The Hollanders fortunately meeting with one of the King of Spaines Plate Ships comming from the West-Indies the which in a short time they ouercame and tooke.

1884 Sat. Rev. 14 June 770/2 The Spanish Government also might..sell a concession to raise the plate-ships sunk in Vigo Bay.

1989 R. L. O'Connell Of Arms & Men viii. 138 ‘El Draque’ became virtually the devil incarnate to Spaniards who plied the seas, intercepting plate ship after plate ship and even further disrupting the staggering Iberian economy.

plate-shy adj. Baseball afraid to stand close to the plate (sense 24) when batting.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > baseball player > [adjective] > qualities of player

plate-shy1912

fireballing1932

switch-hitting1938

1912 C. Mathewson Pitching in Pinch iv. 90 For a long time, ‘Josh’ Devore, the Giant's left-fielder was ‘plate shy’ with left-handers—that is, he stepped away.

1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §677/37 Plate-shy, afraid to stand close to the plate.

1999 N.Y. Post (Sunday ed.) (Nexis) 15 Aug. 106 You were hit in the head by Jake Moody in Chicago. You couldn't move your neck on the pillow without pain for a week. Such accidents make most guys plate-shy.

plate silver n. now rare silver plate.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > gilding and silvering > [noun] > coating with silver > silver leaf or plate

silver-foil1439

silver plate1526

leaf silvera1577

plate silver1648

silver-leaf1728

1648 King Charles I Five Severall Papers 2 Coach-man, with new suites laid with broad plate silver lace, two in a Seame.

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 20 [It] sticks to the surface of plate silver and tarnishes it.

1862 Sci. Amer. 19 July 41/3 A silver scabbard is made by hammering rolled plate silver upon an iron mandrel of the proper form, and thus the plain sheath is produced.

1938 R. T. Ely Ground under our Feet i. 17 Since our means were limited my mother bought some plate silver. Father was greatly troubled because he felt that plate silver was ostentatious.

plate tracery n. Architecture medieval tracery carved in solid masonry, esp. in the stone surround above a window.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > tracery > types of

stump tracery1835

wheel1835

geometrical tracery1849

plate tracery1850

fanning1851

bar-tracery1861

wheel-tracery1913

mouchette1927

1850 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. 485 Hence this kind of tracery has been termed plate tracery by Professor Willis.

1867 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) iii. iii. 958 The only tracery which can be properly executed in brick is in fact the simplest plate tracery.

1998 R. G. Calkins Medieval Archit. in Western Europe xiv. 204 Large circular rose windows of plate tracery, approximately fifteen feet in diameter, surmount the lancets.

plateway n. a railway, tramway, etc., with plates (sense 20) for rails.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] > laid with rails

railway1681

railroad1757

plate railway1825

plateway1825

road railway1850

strap road1861

strap railroad1909

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 547 The bars or plates of metal of which railways and plate-ways are composed.

1882 Society 28 Oct. 8/2 Liverpool..is for constructing a special and novel form of a road called a ‘plateway’, along which lorries and ordinary carts may be drawn in a string by a traction engine or by horses.

2003 G. Biddle Britain's Hist. Railway Buildings 317/2 A length of cast-iron plateway..runs alongside a section of the Shropshire canal.

plate wheel n. now rare a wheel in which the hub is connected to the rim by a plate, instead of by spokes.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > with plate instead of spokes

plate wheel1835

web-wheel1875

1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 275 The axis of the plate-wheel lies in a curvilinear slot.

1884 W. S. B. McLaren Spinning Woollen & Worsted (ed. 2) 139 The bottom cone is in gear..with the main wheel of the differential motion called the ‘crown wheel’, or sometimes the ‘plate wheel’.

2002 Federal Document Clearing House Congress. Testimony (Nexis) 10 July Research in the 1980s demonstrated conclusively that discoloration in the newer heat-treated, curved plate wheels did not portend failure.

plate-worker n. now historical (a) a person who works with gold or silver; (b) a person who works with sheet metal.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > worker in gold or silver

plate-worker1662

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > maker or fitter of plates

plater1863

plate-worker1906

1662 in J. S. Howse Index Probate Rec. Court Archdeacon Berks. (1975) II. 93 John Maynard, plate-worker, Reading.

1773 in Reliquary Jan. 26 An Account of the Number of Goldsmiths, Silversmiths, and Plateworkers,..within the Town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

1906 Athenæum 20 Jan. 70/3 The Wire-workers, who were closely associated, if not indeed identical, with the Plate-workers, appear to have remained..a branch of the Girdlers' Company at least as late as..1685.

2000 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 23 June c4 Murray James of the Silver Shop in Dunbar says this is one of the earlier pieces made by English plateworkers Richard Martin and Ebenezer Hall.

Derivatives

ˈplate-like adj.

ΚΠ

1673 M. Lister Let. 4 Nov. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1975) X. 330 That plate stone wch is most common in these Rockes..is sexangular..; some are much thicker than others; some being as thick as broad, but most are plate-like.

1862 G. P. Scrope Volcanos (ed. 2) 139 Thin plate-like crystals of felspar.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 28 Feb. 3/2 The other very low and broad plate-like hats of the Louis Quinze and Louis Seize periods.

1992 M. Schaffer-Fehre tr. S. Schaal & W. Ziegler Messel iii. 20 (caption) The lowest part consists of the mineral neomesselite, which has a delicate laminar or platelike structure.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	plate
释义	platen. Brit. /pleɪt/, U.S. /pleɪt/ Forms: Middle English plaate, Middle English plete, Middle English–1500s playt (chiefly northern), Middle English–1500s playte (chiefly northern), Middle English–1500s playthe (chiefly northern), Middle English–1600s plaite, Middle English– plate, 1500s palte (transmission error), 1500s plaet, 1500s plathe, 1500s platte, 1600s plaut, 1600s–1700s plait; English regional 1800s– plet (Northumberland), 1900s– pleat (Kent); Scottish pre-1700 plait, pre-1700 plaite, pre-1700 plaith, pre-1700 plaitt, pre-1700 plaitte, pre-1700 playit, pre-1700 playt, pre-1700 pleate, pre-1700 pleatt, pre-1700 pleit, pre-1700 pleite, pre-1700 pleitt, pre-1700 pleitte, pre-1700 plete, pre-1700 plett, pre-1700 1700s pleat, pre-1700 1700s– plate, pre-1700 1800s– plet. N.E.D. (1907) also records a form late Middle English plathe. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French plate, plat; Latin plata. Etymology: Partly < Anglo-Norman and Old French plate (feminine) metal ingot (end of the 11th cent.), lamina or sheet of metal (1170; 13th cent. as plates (plural) denoting a defence for the torso in the form of a jacket lined or covered with metal plates attached by rivets; subsequently also in singular in this sense), a kind of pastry (2nd half of the 14th cent.), stringpiece, large piece of wood supporting one or more timbers (early 15th cent.; also early 15th cent. as platte in this sense), construction of planks forming the base of a building (early 15th cent.), flat land (1622 as platte ), also in Anglo-Norman in senses ‘disc, hoop’, ‘board’, ‘bullion’, ‘dish’, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French plat (masculine) flat-bottomed vessel for food (1119 denoting a dish, 1328 denoting a serving platter), flat part of an object (1st quarter of the 12th cent. denoting the flat of a sword), expanse of flat land (1285), a person's usual meal (2nd half of the 14th cent.), construction of planks forming the base of a building (a1420), the food contained on a plate (1530), uses as noun of respectively the feminine and the masculine of plat plat adj., and partly < post-classical Latin plata precious metal or bullion, silver (from 10th cent.; frequently 1196–1465 in British sources), gold or silver vessels and utensils (12th cent.), flat of a sword (1277 in a British source, also as platum , 1302), piece of wood, board (1279, 1333, 1385 in British sources), plate of a plough (1280, 1355 in British sources), plate of armour, plate armour (frequently from 13th cent. in British and continental sources, also as platea , platum ), dish, platter (14th cent. in British sources), uses as noun of plattus flat, smooth (see plat adj.). With the feminine forms compare Old Occitan, Occitan plata* sheet of metal, ingot, silver, wooden board, (plural) piece of armour protecting the chest (13th cent.), flat board (1567), Catalan plata silver (1093 or earlier), sheet of metal (1321), dish (1395), Spanish plata silver (1061), sheet of metal (1275), plate of armour (1357), silver dish (1604), Portuguese prata sheet of metal (13th cent.; 1136 as plata ). With the masculine forms compare Old Occitan plat dish (a1149), Italian piatto flat dish (late 13th cent.), the stake in various gambling games (1526), flat part of an object (1561), a flat object (1660), Catalan plat dish (1410), Spanish plato dish (beginning of the 14th cent.), Portuguese prato dish, platter, flat piece of metal (1485). Compare plate v. and etymological note at that entry. Compare also plat n.²Examples of this word can be difficult to distinguish from those of plat n.² Forms which appear to indicate a long vowel or diphthong are treated here, as are early plural forms of the type plates , platis which are ambiguous as regards vowel length; forms which indicate a short vowel are treated at plat n.² In senses 1a and 5, partly after Spanish real de plata , the name of a coin (1282 or earlier), especially in the early modern period; compare also French †platte (Spanish) silver (1610 as plate ). Compare Old Frisian platte tonsure (Frisian platte plate), Middle Dutch plāte flat, hard object, coin, plate of armour, breastplate (Dutch plaat ), Middle Low German plāte flat slice (of wood, etc.), plate of metal, breastplate, apron, Old High German platta tonsure (Middle High German plate , blate breast armour, German Platte ), Old Icelandic plata breast armour, Old Swedish plata breastplate (Swedish plata ), Old Danish platte , platthe coin blank, round piece of wood, tonsure (Danish plade ). The following attestation of Old English platum is probably a transmission error for platung plating n. (compare sense 4a):OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 372 Obrizum : aurum, platum, aurum optimi coloris, smæte gold. I. (A piece or item of) precious metal, and related senses. †1. a. A coin, esp. a gold or silver one; (from the 16th cent.) spec. the Spanish coin real de plata, worth an eighth of a piastre. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > (a) silver coin silverc825 platea1275 whitea1393 white money1423 argentc1500 pringle1683 society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Spanish coins > silver > real de plata rial1508 rial of plate1555 real1558 royal of plate1559 royal1587 platea1593 a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 38 Sone so iudas of slepe was awake, þritte platen of seluer from hym weren itake..‘I nul sulle my louerd for nones cunnes eiste, bote hit be for þe þritti platen þat he me bi-taiste.’ a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1191 A ðhusant [MS Aðhusant] plates of siluer god Gaf he sarra. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. xxxii. 9 I peisede to hym seluer seuene halue ouncis & ten seluerne platis. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) Matt. xxvi. 15 Thei ordeyneden to hym thritti platis [a1425 L.V. pans] of seluer. c1440 Privity of Passion (Thornton) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 200 (MED) Þai..haue boghte me for thrytty plates. c1460 (?c1435) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 665 My purs was falle in gret rerage..ther wer no platys briht. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxvii. f. xl^v They toke xxx. sylver plates. a1593 C. Marlowe Jew of Malta (1633) ii. ii And if he has, he is worth three hundred plates. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) v. ii. 91 Realms & Islands were As plates dropt from his pocket. View more context for this quotation 1652 Minute Bk. Royal Coll. Surgeons Edinb. 241 Ane plate ryell and ane coper shilling. b. Coins regarded collectively; coinage. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] mintOE moneya1325 coin1393 ready money1429 plate?a1439 coinage1467 cunyec1480 cogc1555 table money1565 chinks1577 cash1596 speciesa1618 spetia1620 specie1671 coliander seed1699 coriander-seed1737 shiners1760 jinkc1775 decimal coinage1794 coriander1801 hard currency1816 rowdy1831 Oscar Asche1905 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iv. 2705 (MED) Gret decepcioun is in fals coignage; The plate may be briht in his shewyng, The metal fals. c1460 (?c1435) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 665 My purs was falle in gret rerage..Oonly for lak of plate and of coignage. a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 115 (MED) Fals plate þei make as thei can, Or monay to begile som good trew man. 2. As a mass noun. a. Gold or silver vessels and utensils.Originally those made from a single sheet of metal rather than from separate pieces. gold (also silver) in plate: gold (or silver) in the form of vessels or utensils (rather than as coins or bullion). ΚΠ 1345–9 Wardrobe Acct. Edward III in Archaeologia (1846) 31 36 (MED) xix lb. auri in plate. 1423 Rolls of Parl. IV. 256/2 Be it ordeined, that no Man by ne sell no Silver in Plate broken, ne in Masse, beyng as good of alay as the sterlyng, above xxx s. the pound of troie over the facion. 1434 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) IV. 235 (MED) I beseche þe Kyng..to graunte me his licence to goo..with such goodes of myne, be it in moneye, plate, or oþer þyng, as me lust to take with me. 1454 Rolls of Parl. V. 255/2 To doo our said Soveraine Lord service..drowe and compelled me for lak of paiement of my wages..to ley in plege all my grete Jowellys and the most partie of my Plate. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxi. 67 A grete quantyte of plate bothe of golde and of syluere. 1559 R. Crowley Lanquet's Epitome of Crons. (new ed.) iii. f. 121^v In festiuall dayes, when he had his nobles to any banket, he borowed plate of his frendes to furnish his cubbourdes. 1662 S. Pepys Diary 27 Apr. (1970) III. 72 A salt-sellar of silver,..one of the neatest pieces of plate that ever I saw. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 15. ¶4 Whether they keep their Coach and six, or eat in Plate. 1773 London Chron. 7 Sept. 248/3 Sacramental plate. 1846 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. in Wks. II. 73/1 The rich cupboards of embossed plate. 1870 B. Disraeli Lothair I. xiii. 112 Here and there a group of ancient plate; ewers and flagons and tall saltcellars. 1885 Law Times 79 175/1 A service of plate bequeathed by a baronet to devolve with his baronetcy. 1954 C. Beaton Glass of Fashion xvi. 285 The carpeted bathrooms furnished with pictures,..and the ‘silver’ room where the family plate was on display behind the grained wood doors of the cupboards. 1997 Church Times 26 Sept. 28/1 The world's oldest known set of church plate, communion silver unearthed at Walter Newton, Cambridgeshire, in 1975. b. In extended use: vessels and utensils made of other materials; tableware. Also: vessels plated with silver, gold, etc.; plated ware. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] service1468 plate1545 gold plate1579 table service1664 table plate1669 dinner service1765 tableware1772 dinner set1796 dinnerware1800 dining set1805 serveware1958 foodware1961 sterling1974 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > plated or coated metal > [noun] plate1545 1545 Rates Custome House sig. cij^v Plate white or blacke double or syngle hundreth pounde x.s. 1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. Pref. §4 And who but would earnestly desire that cleere and hammerable glasse of old, for plate and other utensils. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 30 Their Tables, which are strewed liberally with Dainties served up in Plate of China. 1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 413 Round the apartment..was displayed..silver and pewter plate. 1889 W. Besant Bell St. Paul's III. 263 Spoons and forks of real silver, not trumpery plate. 1949 Canning Handbk. Electro-plating (ed. 16) xxi. 338 For best quality hotel plate and E.P.N.S. spoons and forks it is customary to give a deposit of 0.002 inch in thickness. 3. a. As a mass noun: gold or silver leaf or foil; (precious) metal applied as a thin coating to base metal, esp. by electrolysis. Also (chiefly with distinguishing word): material produced by the application of a thin coating of metal.nickel, Sheffield plate: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > gilding and silvering > [noun] > gilding > gold or silver leaf leafOE platec1391 c1391 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Huntington) v. 7113* (MED) Cesar..made an ymage..The which was cleped Apollo..Of plate of gold a berd he hadde. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 3673 (MED) First fand he þare..foure hundreth postis..all pargestis of plate [L. de laminis aureis cooperti], as pure as þe noble..And þe thinnest was a nynche thicke quen þai ware þurȝe persed. 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 10 Vpon a Stith with a Mallet it [sc. gold] is brought into most thin leafe or plate. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxiv. lii. 882 Many vessels of plate of all sorts, and most engrauen. 1662 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist (new ed.) §89 Take a large Funnel of Crooked-lane plate, or of thin Brass. 1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal v. i. 62 The pure and sterling ore of charity, is a very expensive article..; whereas, the sentimental French Plate..answers the purpose full as well, and pays no tax. 1780 Encycl. Brit. V. 3300/1 In this manner silver-leaf is fixed and burnished upon brass in the making of what is called French plate. 1856 G. Gore in Orr's Circle Sci.: Pract. Chem. 92 Old worn-out articles formed of ‘Sheffield plate’. 1873 Manufacturer & Builder Oct. 221/2 They..have had one [engine] of two-horse power completely covered with nickel-plate. 1923 Manch. Guardian Weekly 10 Aug. 106/1 His end-of-term rose-bowl was only electro plate instead of the solid silver which he had stipulated. 1991 New Yorker 14 Oct. 77/1 A British handbook of metalwork identified flame gilding as the most expensive and most durable method of applying gold plate. 1999 C. Mendelson Home Comforts xlv. 554/2 Silver plate is made of a base metal, such as copper or brass, electroplated with a thin silver coating. b. As a count noun: a thin coating of (precious) metal, esp. one applied electrolytically; = plating n. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > plated or coated metal > [noun] > plating or coating applied to metal platc1380 plate1665 plating1788 1665 R. Head Eng. Rogue I. sig. Bb6^v This here is a George Plateroon, being all Copper within, and only a thin Plate about it. 1915 Chem. News 10 Dec. 288/1 Plates on various stock pieces satisfactorily withstood the various bending, hammering, and burnishing tests. 1946 Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 89 384 The nickel-cobalt plate is whiter, harder and more corrosion-resistant than nickel deposits. 1959 T. M. Rogers Hand-bk. Pract. Electroplating 14 The work is..given a thin plate of Rochelle copper. 1974 P. D. Groves Electrochem. xii. 92 A mixture of nickel (II) sulphate and nickel (II) chloride together with a boric acid buffer and a wetting agent..produces a good plate which resists wear and abrasion, even at high temperatures. 4. Heraldry. A roundel; spec. a roundel argent, representing a flat piece of silver with a plain surface (sometimes understood as a silver coin). ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > less honourable charge > circular device > of specific tinctures pelletc1425 plate1466 bezant1486 cake1486 gunstone1486 ogle1486 talent1486 torteau1486 tortlet1486 wastel1486 ogressa1550 golpe1562 guze1562 orange1562 pomeis1562 plat1592 fountain1610 tortey1688 1466 in Publ. Mod. Lang. Soc. (1907) 22 602 (MED) xv frenshemen..have nowe late Chalengid xv English men to the outraunce, they beryng a plate of goolde for their devise till their Armes be doon. 1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory 150 These are called plates, because they are of Siluer, and haue no simylitude on them, but plaine round, as though they were shaped to y^e coygne. 1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 116 The field is Uert, iij. Piles de Or, ij. descending, & i. ascending in point of the fesse, in chiefe a plate betwene ij. Trefoiles, de Argent. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 458/1 He beareth Argent, an Oval Bazant (or a Plate) charged with a Rose Gules. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Balls or Bullets..are never called so in Heraldry, but according to their several Colours have the following Names; Besants, when the Colour is Or. Plates, when 'tis Argent [etc.]. 1863 C. Boutell Man. Heraldry vi. 31 In representation, the Bezant, Plate, and Fountain are flat, but the other Roundles are to appear spherical. 1866 J. E. Cussans Gram. Heraldry 24 The Bezant, Plate, and Fountain are always represented flat. 1988 T. Woodcock & J. M. Robinson Oxf. Guide Heraldry 66 The roundel Argent or plate produces the canting coat of Standish. †5. a. Precious metal or bullion; spec. silver. Frequently in royal of plate: the Spanish coin real de plata, worth an eighth of a piastre. Cf. sense 1a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] ore?c1225 plate1559 earth1612 precious metal1629 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] > silver silverc825 lunac1386 argenta1533 plate1559 Diana1706 society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Spanish coins > silver > real de plata rial1508 rial of plate1555 real1558 royal of plate1559 royal1587 platea1593 society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Spanish coins > silver > Spanish dollar royal of plate1559 piastre1592 rial of eight1598 piece of eight1606 royal of eight1606 real of eight1612 rial1640 plate-piece of eight1680 cob1681 cross-dollar1689 duro1777 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 78 Some vse..a pipe of white plate or other metall, very longe, writhen into many boughtes and tourninges. a1589 R. Tomson in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1600) 454 The whole quarter of an oxe, as much as a slaue can carry away from the Butchers, for fiue Tomynes, that is, fiue Royals of plate, which is iust two shillings and sixe pence. 1589 C. Ocland Fountaine Variance, Sedition & Deadlie Hate 26 The summe offered or giuen did amount to ten or eleuen Royals of plate. 1626 G. Sandys tr. Ovid Metamorphosis xi. 219 Assumed viands straight Betweene his greedie teeth conuert to plate. 1671 tr. J. de Palafox y Mendoza Hist. Conquest of China by Tartars xxxii. 567 The buttons are ordinary of Plate, either Silver or Gold. 1702 N. Luttrell Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) V. 185 The Spanish governours..are resolved not to suffer any plate to be brought thence to Europe. 1740 Earl of Sandwich tr. A. A. Barba Metals, Mines & Min. (ed. 2) 59 And find Abundance of Plate in them, which can be attributed to nothing but to the perpetual Generation of Silver. 1748 tr. P. Lozano True Relation Earthquake Lima i. 30 Thirteen Chests of Ryals of Plate. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. xi. 267 The superior value, however, of the silver plate above that of the gold, which takes place in all countries, will much more than compensate the preponderancy of the gold coin. View more context for this quotation b. Standard of value of Spanish silver coins, as old plate, new plate, etc. Obsolete (historical in later use ). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > value of money > [noun] > standard of Spanish silver platea1680 a1680 Lady Fanshawe in Lady Halkett & Lady Fanshawe Mem. (1979) 174 8550 ducats plate, which is about 2000lb sterling. 1774 E. Long Hist. Jamaica II. 570 There are industrious Jews in this island who carry on a profitable business by purchasing dollars with royals of the old plate. 1788 Chambers's Cycl. (new ed.) at Coins Maravedis of Madrid, etc., new plate... Maravedis of Barcelona, etc., old plate. 1811 P. Kelly Universal Cambist II. 188 Silver coins..Spain..Real of Mexican Plate (1775)..6¼ d... Real of new plate (1795)..5 d. 1900 Publ. Amer. Econ. Assoc. 3rd Ser. 1 39 By this proclamation, the Seville piece of eight, old plate, and the Mexican piece of eight were each valued at 4s. 6d. sterling. 6. Embroidery. Braided threads of gold or silver, used in decorative edging, etc. Cf. bullion n.⁴ 2. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > thread or yarn > [noun] > metallic > gold or silver > twist of plate1576 1576 in J. Arnold Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd (1988) 220/2 ix oz di of riche venice lase made of golde pirle plate & spangelles. 1672 E. Ashmole Inst. Order of Garter 213 They were then, and for a long time after, garnished or powdered all over with little Garters, embroided with Silk and Gold Plate. 1703 Kilburne's Choice Presidents Acts of Parl. (ed. 7) 456 Spinners of Gold and Silver Thread, laying Gold or Silver Plate on Silk, in other proportions as aforesaid, to forfeit 2 s. an Ounce. 1747 Philos. Trans. 1746 (Royal Soc.) 44 161 Instead of common Thread, I used Silver and Gold Twist, or what, I think, the Ladies call Plate. 1880 L. Higgin Handbk. Embroidery i. 9 Plate consists of narrow plates of gold or silver stitched on to the embroidery by threads of silk. 1881 C. C. Harrison Woman's Handiwork Mod. Homes i. 54 Bullion, passing, plate and spangles are employed in silk embroidery. 1987 Workbox Spring–Summer 45/1 (advt.) We are long established manufacturers of..passings, plate, threads..and braids. 7. Originally and chiefly Horse Racing. A silver or gold trophy given to the winner of a race or other sporting contest; (hence) a contest, esp. a horse race, in which such a trophy is awarded. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] > types of all comersc1450 after-gamea1500 fore-game1594 revenge1616 plate1639 set-to1743 return match1753 bye1754 scrub-race1791 anybody's game (also race, match)1826 return1834 barney1843 bonspiel1858 handicap1861 pennant1865 home-and-home1868 benefit match1871 run-off1873 international1877 American tournament1878 Grand Prix1879 single1884 friendly1885 all-comers1889 pair1890 championship1893 round robin1894 replay1895 Olympiad1896 junior varsity1902 lightning tournament1903 rematch1903 road trip1903 pickup1905 freestyle1906 marathon1908 test1908 Derby1909 scrimmage1910 eliminator1911 twosome1911 triala1914 quadrangular1916 slug-fest1916 varsity match1921 needle contest1922 curtain jerker1923 needle match1923 open1926 needle fight1927 knock-out1928 shirt1930 masters1933 pro-amateur1934 tune-up1934 World Cup1934 pro-am1937 state1941 sizzler1942 runathon1943 mismatch1954 run-out1955 match-up1959 squeaker1961 triple-header1961 Super Bowl1967 invitational1968 needle game1970 major1976 slobberknocker1986 society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > [noun] > winning or win > awards and prizes garland?a1513 plate1639 cupc1640 dog plate1686 gold medal1694 gold cup1718 sweepstake1773 trophy1822 bronze medal1852 shield1868 statuette1875 pot1885 team honours1895 letter1897 silver medal1908 school colour1913 gold1945 bronze1960 silver1960 Fed Cup1965 1639 R. Verney Let. in F. P. Verney et al. Mem. Verney Family Civil War (1892) I. viii. 185 ‘My Lord Carlile's white nagg,’ says Ralph, ‘hath beaten Dandy, and Sprat woone the cup, and Cricket the plate.’ 1675 London Gaz. No. 1012/4 The Plate at Rowell Slade, in the County of Northampton, will be continued on the first Thursday of September, and will be worth about Forty pound. 1698 Bodl. Charters, Norfolk No. 533. Article 14 Every owner of any horse that starteth for this plate shall be obliged to sell such horse..for thirty Guineys. 1713 R. Steele Guardian No. 6. ⁋5 Not to be particular, he puts in for the Queen's plate every year. 1759 S. Johnson Idler 23 June 193 I had a chesnut horse..who won four plates. 1816 W. Combe Eng. Dance of Death II. 58 Every horse had won a Plate. 1892 Daily News 2 Mar. 3/6 Silvercrown..having galloped eighteen horses to a standstill for the Crawford Plate at Newmarket in 1886. 1910 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 728/2 In 1739 an act was passed to prevent racing by ponies and weak horses,..which also prohibited prizes or plates of less value than £50. 1997 Shetland Times 21 Nov. 40/2 A plate event was also held for the first round losers. The men's doubles winners were Ian Smith and Davy Leslie. II. A flat sheet or lamina, and related senses. 8. a. A flat, usually rigid sheet or lamina of metal, having an even surface and more or less uniform thickness; spec. a flat piece of steel or other metal produced by rolling, and usually more than 3mm in thickness.In early instances, esp. in the plural, not separable from plat n.² 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > condition of being broad in relation to thickness > [noun] > object platec1300 plat1349 pal?1541 slat1634 pallet1722 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > plate > a plate of metal platec1300 chapec1400 platen?1541 c1300 St. Vincent (Laud) 79 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 187 (MED) He let nime platus of Ire, sum-del þunne and brode..gret fuyr he let þar-on make. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 2 Kings xviii. 16 Ezechias brac þe dores of þe temple of þe Lord & þe platis [L. laminas] of gold, þe whiche he hadde affitched. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 195 (MED) Þou schalt stoppe þe mouþ of þe vessel þat is aboue þat þe whete is ynne with a plate of bras ouþer of iren. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 125 (MED) The kyng of þat contre hath a paleys..& alle þe walles withinne ben covered with gold & syluer in fyn plates; And in þo plates ben stories & batayles of knyghtes enleved. a1475 Recipe Painting in Archæol. Jrnl. (1844) 1 154 For to make vertegrece: Take platis of clene copper..and hong thes platis in the same maner as ȝe doth platis of leed, [etc.]. 1533 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 84 For xx plaitis of quhite irne to be ane skons to the chymnay in the Kingis chalmer. 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. cij Make of Copper Plates,..a foursquare vpright Pyramis, or a Cone. 1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick ii. i. 153 A leaden bullet shot from one of these gunnes..will be beaten into a thinne plate. 1692 in A. W. C. Hallen Acct. Bk. Sir J. Foulis (1894) 147 For 2 transum plaits, 1 swibar plait, a perch plait, a mainshekell, a houkit clout to the poull end. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Mill A little Machine consisting of two Cylinders of Steel, serving to flatten the Gold, or Silver Wire, and reduce it into Laminæ, or Plates. 1793 G. Maxwell Gen. View Agric. Huntingdon 10 Instead of a foot or wheel, to support the beam of the plough, they use what is called a scaife, which is a circular plate of iron, turning constantly round. 1833 J. Lardner Manuf. Metal II. 170 The front of the stove, generally cast in a single plate, and fitting within the jambs, or chimney bottom. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 75 A plate of polished iron or steel. 1947 T. J. Reynolds & L. E. Kent Structural Steelwork (ed. 8) iii. 29 The mill shown in the foreground is the finishing mill, and it has reduced the steel to the form of a plate. 1991 Atom (UK Atomic Energy Authority) Jan. 3/3 The new mechanical rig at Risely can test the strength of large plates of metal by exerting a force of up to 10 000 tonnes. b. A flat sheet, slice, or lamina of any non-metallic material. Also figurative. ΚΠ ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 575 (MED) And laye worte leues þeron, or of yve, vnder clothes or vpon threfolde cloþes, and some plate of lether or of brasse or of siluer bounden þeron. ?a1440 Hortus Vocab. in Trans. Bristol & Gloucs. Archaeol. Soc. (1923) 45 271 Crusta, a plate of gold or seluer or of other metal or tre or ston. 1587 R. Hakluyt tr. R. de Laudonnière Notable Hist. Foure Voy. Floriday in Princ. Navigations (1599) I. 339 This king sent me a plate of a minerall that came out of this mountaine. 1593 B. Barnes Parthenophil & Parthenophe 95 Thou that those smooth browes, like plates of Iuory plained. a1618 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Diuine Weekes & Wks. (1621) ii. iv. 512 Cold Capricorn hath pav'd all Iuda twice With brittle plates of crystal-crusted Ice. 1638 R. Brathwait Psalmes of David iv. 201 His roofes with starre-set seas he seeles, Their beames in plates of waters binds. 1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 64 Getting Plates of glass thick and broad enough. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. iii. 36 One..Plate of Adamant, shooting up to the Height of about two Hundred Yards. 1791 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 81 27 The front of this vessel is a plate of glass, and the back a tin-plate slider. 1818 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1 287 Projecting spines or fibres cut transversely at a distance from the vegetable, and leaving traces of their section on a plate of shale. 1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics xii. 102 The method used by Sir Isaac Newton for producing a thin plate of air. 1890 T. Preston Theory of Light 373 The biquartz..consists of two semicircular plates of quartz placed in juxtaposition. 1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xiii. 326 The scapula is a triangular plate of bone, of which the apex is directed downwards and forwards. 1991 G. Ehrlich Islands, Universe, Home ix. 153 Imbricated plates of ice have thawed and refrozen. c. As a mass noun: metal beaten, rolled, or cast into sheets; spec. sheets of rolled steel or iron, usually more than 3mm in thickness. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > plate platea1460 plating1599 a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) 2281 (MED) For firing of the yatis make obstacle, Couer hem with hidys and with iron plate. 1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 88 Doubles of plate for charging ladelles. 1663 Marquis of Worcester Cent. Names & Scantlings Inventions 92 The bottom made of Iron-plate Spade-wise. 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ii. 23 Take care when you elect this thin piece of Plate, that it be broad enough for the ward. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 289/1 The parts of a Shuttle are,..the Sole, is the Bottom of it, which is smooth shod with Iron Plate. 1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea I. xxxvii. 254 Bridles..mounted with silver, with a mane-piece of plate. 1870 J. Ruskin Wks. (1872) III. 153 When metal is beaten thin, it becomes what is technically called ‘plate’. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 108 Black-plate, sheet iron before tinning. 1936 E. A. Atkins & A. G. Walker Electr. Arc & Oxy-acetylene Welding (ed. 3) viii. 76 Cylinders for dissolved acetylene are manufactured from the best quality steel plate or tube, the ends usually being attached by welding. 1992 D. Morgan Rising in West ii. viii. 144 In Klamath Falls, they bought some steel plate and some water tanks and found a blacksmith to weld them onto the dump trucks to make workable water wagons. 9. a. A thin piece of steel or iron used as armour for a part of the body, either as a separate piece or to overlap with others in composing a suit of armour. In later use also: a piece of metal cladding used as armour for a warship, armoured vehicle, etc. †pair (of) plates: armour consisting of a breastplate and backplate.armour plate, breastplate: see also the first element. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > [noun] > plate- or scale-armour > plate or scale of platec1330 lamea1586 shell1585 scale1809 mascle1818 c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) 1761 (MED) Wiþ is swerd a hitte is scheld..Hauberk, plate [v.r. brestplate], and aktoun, In to Beues forþer arsoun Half a fot he karf doun riȝt. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 3689 (MED) A rideþ to Richard..& on þe scheld hym smot; þorȝ-out ys scheld & is habreioun, Plates, & iakke, & ioupoun, þorȝ-out al it ȝot. c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 2121 Som wol haue a peire plates large. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 2017 (MED) Fyrst he clad hym in his cloþez þe colde for to were, And syþen his oþer harnays..Boþe his paunce and his platez, piked ful clene. a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) 1864 (MED) He..armed hym in Mayle and sure platys. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1213 (MED) He girdis in with a ging armed in plates [a1500 Trin. Dub. grathed in playthes]. a1486 Ordinances Chivalry in Archaeologia (1900) 57 40 (MED) A peyre of platus and xxx Gyders. a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 47 (MED) Thay wentyn out of har shippis..Some with longe Swerdys, Some with Iryn Platys [a1525 Trin. Dub. pletes] and roune sheldys. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene i. viii. 42 His rawbone armes, whose mighty brawned bowrs Were wont to rive steele plates. 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 31 To fashion out the plates and instruments of armed Justice in defence of beleaguer'd Truth. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 512 A mighty Spear..Pierc'd all the brazen Plates, and reach'd his Heart. 1742 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Almain Rivets, a certain light kind of Armour with Plates of Iron for the Defence of the Arms; used by Germans. 1834 R. M. Bird Calavar I. xvi. 172 He was in full armour, but the iron plates were rusted on his body, and in many places shattered. 1887 K. Tynan Shamrocks 25 He stood up like a pillar, and put his armour on, Its gold plates dinted with the blows of battles. 1908 H. G. Wells War in Air i. 11 Some confusion of ideas about armour plates. 1991 in B. MacArthur Despatches from Gulf War 350 Chobham armour passed its only battlefield test when a Warrior vehicle was hit by a shell and lost only one armour plate. b. As a mass noun: armour composed of metal pieces fastened together or fixed to a textile or leather garment, etc. In later use also: metal cladding used as armour for a warship, armoured vehicle, etc. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > [noun] > plate- or scale-armour platec1390 almain rivet1512 rivet1548 bards1551 plate armour1656 scale-armour1842 scale1853 c1390 G. Chaucer Sir Thopas 2055 And ouer that a fyn hauberk Was al ywroght of Iewes werk. Ful strong it was of plate, And ouer that his cote armour. a1450–1509 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (A-version) (1913) 375 (MED) For plate, ne for acketton, For hawberke, ne for campeson, Suche a stroke he neuer had none ore. ?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 368 (MED) Now that quene is ded, ye coward knytys in plate..brynge me that bychyd body, I red. 1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne i. 22 Playted lockes pressing with cap of plate. 1602 in J. Nicolson & R. Burn Hist. Westmorland & Cumberland (1777) I. 595 To be armed with jack, steel cap, plaite sleeves, plaite breeches, plaite socks. a1674 J. Milton Brief Hist. Moscovia (1682) i. 16 Their Armour is a Coat of Plate, and a Skull on their Heads. 1763 J. Hoole tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered I. vi. 177 The weapons pierce or sever plate and mail. 1820 J. A. Heraud Legend St. Loy iv. 150 Riven his plate, and pierced his mail, Battered his crest, and broke his blade. 1869 C. Boutell tr. J. P. Lacombe Arms & Armour x. 195 A gorget of plate at times was worn about the neck. 1934 G. C. Stone Gloss. Arms & Armor 622/2 The tonlet suit..had wide, bell-shaped skirts of plate which were often solid and elaborately fluted with deep vertical folds. 1986 J. McPhee Rising from Plains 123 The United States was desperately short of vanadium, an alloy that enables steel to be effective as armor plate. 1989 R. L. O'Connell Of Arms & Men vi. 103 A fully trained longbowman was a formidable military asset, capable of piercing mail consistently and plate at short ranges. †10. A type of confectionery made in a flat cake. Cf. sugar-plate n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > flat sweet sugar-platec1333 plate1356 candy-platea1657 clear-cake1746 Fruit Roll-Up2004 1356 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 555 (MED) Una libra de Whibibbes..di. libr. de blaunche poudre..una lb. de plate..una lb. de dragy. ?c1425 Recipe in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Arun. 334) (1790) 455 (MED) Take sugre plate or gynger plate, or paste royale, and kutte hom of losenges. c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 81 He resceyvyth..all manner of spyces to make confections, garquinces, plaates, sedes, and all other spycery nedefull... One yeoman..to be well learned in the makinge of confections, plates, gandequinces, and others. 1533 in J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices (modernized text) III. 537/4 Comfits..1 box of plate /7. 1620 T. Venner Via Recta 152 There is likewise made of Violets and Sugar, certaine Plates, called, Violet Tables. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry V ccclxvi, in Poems (1878) IV. 192 Soe saue the Ipocras, and Candy Plate. 11. Any of the metal discs comprising an astrolabe; spec. any of the interchangeable discs placed within the mother. Now historical. ΚΠ c1392 Equatorie of Planetis 32 (MED) The white thred þat thow puttest in his centre defferent in the plate (lamina) mot ben in stide of the white thred þat othre planetes han in hir centres equantis. a1450 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe i. §3. 2 The moder of thin Astrelabye is thikkest plate, perced with a large hool, that resceiveth in hir wombe the thynne plates compowned for diverse clymates. 1561 R. Eden tr. M. Cortés Arte Nauigation iii. sig. I.vi Commynge forth on the other syde of the Astrolabie, muste be a hole made sydewaye through the pynne, close to the plate of the Astrolabie. 1841 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 10 ii. 764 On making computation from his data..I could readily discover, with one exception, the stars inscribed on the plate. 1917 Amer. Math. Monthly 24 66 The plates bear lines dividing the celestial sphere into twelve astrological ‘houses’. 1994 Fontana Hist. Astron. & Cosmol. iv. 125 It is the relative motion of the two discs (rete and plate) that is of importance. 12. Architecture. A horizontal beam of timber at the top or bottom of a frame, usually supporting other portions of a structure. Now usually with modifying word, as roof plate, wall plate, window plate, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > horizontal or transverse support > in a framework platea1395 rail1678 headrail1857 a1395 in Archaeologia (1832) 24 307 (MED) In stipendio ij sarratorum sarrantium meremium pro walplates et bemes, et plaunchborde et plegges. 1428 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 174 (MED) In the said ȝer..was performed þe Wallez of our hale on bothe þe sydys upe tule þe plate of the roffe. 1449 in Cal. Proc. Chancery Queen Elizabeth (1827) I. p. liv (MED) The platez of þe same hous shullen be in brede x inchis and in thiknes viij inches. 1640 New Haven Colonial Rec. (1857) I. 37 As for sills, beames, plates or such like timber. 1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 72 Rafters ten and seven inches,..Plates the same. 1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ix. Explan. Terms 170 Plate, a piece of Timber upon which some considerable weight is framed... Hence Ground-Plate,..Window-plate, &c. 1792 Hubard Papers in C. R. Lounsbury Illustr. Gloss. Early Southern Archit. & Landscape (1994) 281 There was recorded a ‘Bill of scantling for the House 18 feet by 22 feet, 2 stories high... 2 End plates 18 ft 8 in by 13 in... 2 Middle plates 22 ft 11 in by 13 in.’ 1845 G. Flagg Let. 10 Jan. in Flagg Corr. (1986) 59 We have upwards of six thousand Rails hauled in all and have finished hauling and hewing timber for Plates and Posts to our barn. 1901 J. Black Illustr. Carpenter & Builder Ser.: Home Handicrafts 68 The plate is regarded as the weakest part of a greenhouse, as it is so situated as to be almost constantly moist or alternately wet and dry. Never should a plate be left with its upper surface flat. 1951 H. Braun Introd. Eng. Mediaeval Archit. iv. 80 The feet of the rafters rest upon a horizontal timber known as a ‘plate’. 1991 Do it Yourself Fall 24/1 Upright members called studs butt against top and bottom horizontal members called plates. 13. †a. A smooth or polished sheet of metal, etc., for writing or engraving on. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > incising or intaglio > [noun] > equipment platea1400 penc1400 pointel1561 pointrel1659 spade1850 oil ring1902 a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 87 Ho schal ȝeue to me that my wordes be wryten..that they be eered in a book wiþ a poyntel of yren and in a plate of leed [L. plumbi lamina]? a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Job xix. 24 With an yrun poyntil, ethir with a plate of leed; ethir with a chisel be grauun in a flynt. ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxvi. sig. H ij ^v Ye shall vppon some plaine borde, plate, or suche like, drawe a straight line. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 85 Which also you haue imprinted in the tables of your remembrance, and ingrauen in the plates of your deep understanding. c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 33 Another plate of lead with her Majesties armes drawne on it. 1842 I. Williams Baptistery I. ii. 133 Writ..With a diamond-pointed pen, On a plate of adamant. b. A small (usually metal) panel bearing a name or inscription, for affixing to a wall, door, or other surface; a plaque, a tablet. Now chiefly in brass plate.coffin, door, letter, nameplate: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written text > an inscription > [noun] > inscribed tablet, slab, or plate tableOE tabletc1350 titlea1382 tablature1578 aback1592 plate1668 breastplate1773 stela1776 stele1820 brass plate1836 palimpsest1876 plaque1922 1668 P. Fisher (title) The Catalogue of Most of the Memorable Tombes, Grave-stones, Plates, Escutcheons, or Atchievements in the..Churches of London. 1815 W. Wordsworth White Doe of Rylstone vii. 130 Plate of monumental brass Dim-gleaming among weeds and grass. 1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xxxiii. 277 Of no greater importance than the plate, ‘Brass, Solicitor,’ upon the door. 1894 H. Caine Manxman v. vi A line of houses having brass plates. 1900 J. L. Robertson Horace in Homespun 186 Nae pillars rise at my door-cheeks, Nae plate adorns my door. 1989 J. Gardam Dixie Girls in Showing Flag (1990) 23 A brass plate announced The Grove and beneath it a brown plate added ‘Retirement Home. No tradesmen’. c. A panel carried by a motor vehicle displaying its registration number; = number-plate n. at number n. Compounds 1b, licence plate n. at licence n. Compounds.Chiefly in plural, referring to the pair of plates typically carried by a vehicle. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > number plate number-plate1869 registration plate1883 identification plate1901 plate1919 licence plate1926 tag1935 index plate1973 1919 Outing Mar. 332/2 In California, the car owner has a permanent license and uses the same set of plates from year to year. Even though he sells his car and buys a new one, he still keeps his number. 1950 J. D. MacDonald Brass Cupcake (1955) iii. 23 She's got a grey Chevvy business coupé with Massachusetts plates. 1973 ‘R. Lewis’ Blood Money vi. 67 That car..ended in some garage with a bent mechanic stripping it, respraying it, changing the plates. 1975 Drive New Year 98/1 Secondhand plates are not expensive but they can be difficult to obtain. 1989 R. Banks Affliction v. 74 Out on the highway, cars with out-of-state plates hurried south. 14. A flat sheet or slab of metal or other material, forming a specific part of a mechanism or structure. a. A shaped plate by which the mechanism of the lock of a firearm is supported and attached to the main part of the weapon. ΚΠ 1590 Edinb. Dean of Guild Accts. 402 For mending the stok lock..& for making ane..baksprent & plait thairto. 1682 London Gaz. No. 1768/4 He had a Case of Holster-Pistols, with R. Silke Engraven on the Plate of the Lock. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. vii. §8 In a Lock—The Bolt or Shoot... The Staples, those as holds the Bolt to the Plate. c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 11 On the stock is a..lock plate. a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 690/1 Plate, (Fire-arm.), the side of the lock. 1985 Christie's Sale Catal. Mod. & Vintage Firearms 20 Mar. 27/1 Patent strikers, non-rebounding sidelocks with chamfered plates. 1990 Guns & Ammo Sept. 103/2 A true sidelock, the Derby's plates are of the Holland hand-detachable type. b. A sheet of metal, etc., forming part of a structure or a rigid covering for a structure. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > condition of being broad in relation to thickness > [noun] > object > forming part of a mechanism or structure plate1633 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > plating > a plate plate1863 1633 in C. E. Sayle Ann. Cambr. Univ. Libr. (1916) 73 Item to the Smith for Locks, barrs and plates for the presse in the Library for the Dukes bookes. 1716 tr. N. Gauger Mechanism of Fire made in Chimneys 95/1 If it be made of Tin it is expedient to fasten the several Plates with Rivets and not to be content only with soldering them, otherwise they'll not continue long joined together. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 313 The bottom of the furnace..the holes in the damping plate. 1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 231 The plate and angle-bar mills are capable of turning out 20,000 tons of plates and angle-bars annually, for ships, boilers, or bridges. 1897 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 52 32 The plates are removed from the swilling tanks. 1902 Westm. Gaz. 4 Nov. 8/2 The four fire-boxes will want new crown plates. 1999 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 18 Apr. d11 Unplug the machine [sc. a vacuum cleaner] and lay it on its side. Unscrew the bottom plate to access the fan and clean out any obstruction. c. The front or back facing of a lock, watch, or clock. ΚΠ 1654 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 423 For the making up tua new lockis that was brokin..sprentis and plaitis brised and brokin. 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ii. 23 To every ward on the Plates you must make a slit or ward in the Bit of the Key. 1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 111/2 To the main plate [of a lock] belong the key-hole,..bolt-toe or bolt-knob. 1873 Patents for Inventions: Abridgem. Specif. Locks 134 A screw pin..is fitted to the lock plate. 1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 199 The plates of a watch are the discs of brass which form the foundation of the movement... The plates of a clock are the two pieces of brass which receive the pivots of the train. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 651/2 Plates, the circular or rectangular plates of brass which form the framework of a watch or clock. 1984 Antiquarian Horology Dec. 106 (advt.) A nice silver paircased mock pendulum verge watch by Lestourgeon, the top plate with a portrait of Queen Anne. d. Scottish. = plat n.² 5. Sc. National Dict. at Plate adj., adv., n.¹, v. notes the currency of this sense in the form plet in Perthshire and of the diminutive formation plettie in Shetland in the 20th cent. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > stairs > [noun] > landing half-pace1611 landing-place1611 rest1611 resting place1645 plate1661 hearth-pacec1675 foot pace1679 stand1709 flat1730 quarter-pace1730 landing1789 landing floor1856 1661 Funeral Acct. Marquess of Montrose (National Arch. Scotl.) in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue V. 560/1 Ane hundreth daillis to be skaffalds pletts & ane staige..for the doune taking of my lord marques head. 1702 in Sc. National Dict. (1968) VII. 161/3 The said Thomas obleidges himself to furnish the stons for the said stair, plates thereof, and pillar of the same. 1734 in W. Stevenson Kirk & Parish Auchtertool (1908) 180 To steps and a pleat for the stair..£20 5s. †e. A flat slab or platform on which bait is placed in a spring trap. More fully bait-plate. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1851 S. F. Baird tr. J. G. Heck Iconogr. Encycl. IV. Technol. 160 The wild cat is caught by means of the iron plate baited in the same way as for the fox. 1880 W. Carnegie Pract. Trapping 35 The traps if baited will require about twenty grains of corn to be placed on the plate. 1892 Scribner's Mag. Dec. 727 If you set a great trap and within my reach bring it, No doubt I can jump on the bait-plate and spring it. f. A centreboard on a boat. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > bottom or part under water > [noun] > keel and kelson > keel > types of sliding keel1797 centreboard1828 bilge-keel1850 ram1851 rocker1859 sidebar keel1869 bar-keel1874 plate-keel1874 bilge-piece1880 fin1885 bulb-keel1893 fin-keel1893 ballast fin1894 bulb-fin1894 plate1895 drop-keel1896 1895 Outing 26 488/2 Her draft will be 7 inches, and she will carry a dagger plate of ³/ ₁₆ bronze. 1930 A. Ransome Swallows & Amazons ii. 25 Most sailing-dinghies have centre-boards, plates which can be let down through their keels, to make them sail better against the wind. 1987 Yachts & Yachting May 23/3 A non-capsizing keelboat was produced which drew no more than 30 inches, considerably less than most dinghies with their plates down. 15. A type of horseshoe, esp. a light shoe worn by horses when racing. Cf. plate v. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > shoeing of horses > [noun] > horseshoe > types of horseshoe remove1512 lunette1566 half-moon shoe1607 pancelet1607 plate1607 patten shoe1639 linnet-hole1662 cross-bar shoe1675 interfering shoe1678 pantofle shoe1696 panton shoe1696 cutting-shoe1711 skim1795 skimmer1801 bar-shoe1831 sandal1831 tip1831 racket1846 hipposandal1847 slipper1903 stumbling-shoe1908 mud-shoe1940 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice iv. 36 The horse standing full vpon his feete, the outmoste end of the plates must be as hie from the ground as the horses fetlocke, and they must haue their ends turned vpward backe againe towards the horses hinder legs. 1696 W. Hope tr. J. de Solleysel Compleat Horseman (1702) i. xlii. 172 They had shod their Horses with light Shoes or Plates, the Night before the Course. 1755 New Method Shoeing in tr. É.-G. La Fosse Observ. & Discov. made upon Horses 82 In Turky the horse's heels and soles are covered with a plate which serves them instead of shoes. 1836 Spirit of Times 20 Feb. 6/2 Having the misfortune to break the plate on her left hind foot on one side,..she was withdrawn after the first heat. 1840 D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rural Sports §1238 Racing plates for the feet [of horses] are of two kinds—the full and the three-quarter... The plate must not be put on nearer the end of the horse's heels than there is sound horn for it to rest upon. 1937 E. Rickman On & off Racecourse vi. 130 If a horse is to be relieved of the considerable weight of these shoes, during a race they must be replaced by light plates made of aluminium or other suitable alloy. 1965 D. Francis Odds Against viii. 119 Horses race in thin light shoes called plates... Blacksmiths change them before and after, every time a horse runs. 16. Anatomy, Medicine, Zoology, and Botany. A thin, flat, organic structure or formation, frequently one composed of hard tissue.blood, end-, gill, neural plate: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > shape > [noun] > scale or plate plate1658 squamula1754 squamule1858 1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 985 The Bruchus... The Male..from the back to the tail it is set out with six leek coloured plates running across from the back to both sides. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 23 The Gloworm..the broad flat cap or plate which covers her head. 1722 W. Gibson Farrier's New Guide (ed. 3) i. vi. 80 The Frontal or Forehead Bone... Between its Lamina or Plates there is a double Cavity. 1769 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) III. p. x The fine disposition of plates in the shell of the Tortoise. 1842 H. Miller Old Red Sandstone (ed. 2) iii. 73 A strong armour of bony plates. 1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 145 The ambulacral plates [of Echinoderms]. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 894 The growths [of Xanthoma] occur either as thin flat plates..or as nodules or lumps. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xix. 497 In various reptiles, such as crocodiles, there are bony plates (called scutes) developed in the dermis below some of the epidermic horny scales. 1953 H. Mellanby Animal Life in Fresh Water (ed. 5) xi. 229 Some snails have a horny plate—the operculum—attached to the foot; this plate fits over and closes the opening to the shell when the animal has withdrawn itself. 1960 K. Esau Anat. Seed Plants viii. 80 The perforated part of a wall of a vessel member is called the perforation plate. 1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 382/1 The main tumour consisted predominantly of regular and thin hepatocellular plates with no atypia, consistent with adenoma. 17. a. A polished sheet of brass, copper, etc., engraved or etched to print from.See also copperplate n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > intaglio printing > [noun] > metal plate plate1663 graving1761 printing plate1774 Klischograph1955 1663 Marquis of Worcester Cent. Names & Scantlings Inventions §100 All..of these Inventions..shall be printed by Brass-plates. 1735 S.-Carolina Gaz. 16 Aug. 2/1 In the said Barn were found..one or more Plates engraven in Imitation of the Twelve Pounds ten shilling Orders of this Province. 1786 T. Jefferson Let. 8 Feb. in Papers (1954) IX. 267 Write or draw any thing on a plate of brass with the ink of the inventor, and in half an hour he gives you copies of it. 1832 C. Babbage Econ. Machinery & Manuf. xi. 52 An artist will sometimes exhaust the labour of one or two years upon engraving a plate. 1876 Littell's Living Age 9 Dec. 589 The card proved to have been printed from a plate engraved for the purpose. 1927 Stamp Collectors' Fortn. 21 May 214/2 A large proportion..have proved to be plate retouches, although in almost all cases electro retouches are also known. 1996 J. Morgan Debrett's New Guide Etiquette & Mod. Manners 163 Although once the die or plate has been engraved repeat orders are relatively reasonable, engraving is expensive on the first order. b. An impression from a printing plate, an engraving, an illustration; (now usually) a photograph or picture occupying a whole page in a book, often printed on better quality paper than the other pages, and not forming part of the main page sequence.See also copperplate n. 3. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > [noun] > an engraving cut1646 sculpture1654 plate1663 engraving1803 1663 B. Gerber Counsel to Builders sig. g3^v Untill a large worke (with Copper Plates) shall have had time to be put forth. 1842 Ladies's Repository Dec. 379 It shows the present state of the science... and its numerous plates will be of great use to illustrate the principles of natural science. 1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man ii. 19 A series of most instructive memoirs, illustrated with well-executed plates, of the treasures in stone, bronze and bone. 1866 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighb. (1878) ix. 146 I am sorry to find that one of the plates is missing from my copy. 1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 June 6/1 Each part will contain ten page plates, four illustrations in the text, and one inset plate. 1934 Amer. Home Mar. 233 (advt.) It is a beautifully illustrated book with 32 full-color plates and hundreds of illustrations direct from actual photographs. 1942 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 May 229/2 A perfect copy of Von Gerning's ‘Tour Along the Rhine’, with colour plates by Ackermann. 1992 Mod. Painters Spring 102/1 There are no colour plates, so Benton's work has to be judged from very inadequate monochrome reproductions. c. = bookplate n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > parts of book > [noun] > labels plate1763 bookplate1791 book label1829 bookmark1876 ex-libris1880 book piles1892 nameplate1896 1763 H. Walpole Catal. Engravers, List Vertue's Wks. 19 Plate to put in lady Oxford's books. 1880 J. L. Warren Guide Study Book-plates i. 4 Some plates possess interest for their heraldry alone, some for their topography. 1894 Willam & Mary Coll. Q. Hist. Papers 2 272 These plates are found in many old books in Virginia. 1980 Burlington Mag. Jan. 92/3 An interesting essay followed by a variety of bookplates..[including] plates of Beerbohm, Nicholson, Legros, Piper, and Carrington's for Lytton Strachey. d. A stereotype, electrotype, or plastic cast of a page of composed movable type; also (now usually) a metal or plastic copy of filmset material, from which sheets are printed. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > blocks, plates, or transfers > [noun] > stereotype plates stereotype1799 stereo1823 plate1824 stereotype-block1859 autoplate1901 1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. xxii. 659 Stereotype plates must always be done at iron presses, on account of the vast power required to bring them off. 1839 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 565/1 The plates of the Encyclopædia Britannica,..the most extensive work ever stereotyped. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Plate, a page of type, stereotype, or electrotype, for printing. 1937 Life 26 July 4/2 Letterpress is printing done from plates whose printing surfaces are raised, or in relief. In four-color letterpress, four different inks, each printed from a separate plate, are used to get all color combinations. 1996 Sunday Tel. 4 Feb. (Appointments section) 3/2 (advt.) The move to ‘Direct-to-Technologies’ where digital information is output direct to film, to plate, to printing press and to paper presents an extremely challenging opportunity for leading suppliers to the Printing market place. 18. a. A thin, flat piece of metal that acts as a charge-storing electrode in a capacitor. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric charge, electricity > [noun] > apparatus for collection > storage plate plate1783 1783 Philos. Trans. 1782 (Royal Soc.) 72 p. xxvii An ample conductor, weakly electrified, imparts a considerable quantity of electricity to the metal plate of our condenser. 1801 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. I. 591/1 The mode of accumulating great quantities of fluid by means of parallel plates. 1887 P. Benjamin Age of Electr. xi. 259 The condenser will be charged with a quantity of electricity depending upon..the surface of the plates opposed to each other, and..the number of plates in the respective sets. 1923 E. W. Marchant Radio Telegr. ii. 15 A condenser can be charged by supplying positive electricity to one plate and negative electricity to the other. 1963 A. F. Abbott Ordinary Level Physics xxxv. 460 A parallel-plate capacitor is set up as shown.., one plate being earthed and the other..charged. 1992 Everyday Electronics (BNC) June 371 The a.c. signal passes via capacitor C5, with the right hand ‘plate’..alternating between positive and negative. b. A metal electrode in a cell or battery, esp. one in the form of a flat sheet or grid.X-, Y-plate: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] > metal electrode plate1807 1801 H. Davy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 91 397 I have found that an accumulation of galvanic influence, exactly similar to the accumulation in the common pile, may be produced by the arrangement of single metallic plates, or arcs, with different strata of fluids.] 1807 H. Davy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 97 15 The strong action of a battery of 150 pairs of plates of 4 inches square. 1828 F. Watkins Pop. Sketch Electro-magn. 15 Batteries of this construction usually consist of ten or twelve pairs of plates. 1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics II. 71/1 The container [of a dry cell] is made of zinc and this is used as the zinc plate. 1963 A. F. Abbott Ordinary Level Physics xxxvi. 474 In modern commercial practice the plates [of a lead-acid cell] are made of grids of a lead-antimony alloy filled with paste... Red lead (Pb₃O₄) is used for the positive plates and litharge (PbO) for the negative plates. 1992 Disabled & Supportive Carer Autumn 37/2 In many cases the lead sulphate is not removed from the plates, causing degradation which considerably reduces the useable life of the battery. †c. A flat, circular piece of glass in a machine for generating static electricity, which is rubbed against a cushion or between cushions to pick up an electric charge. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1839 G. Bird Elements Nat. Philos. 183 When the plate or cylinder of the machine is turned, the rubber communicating to the earth by a metallic chain, if a brass knob, or a knuckle be held towards the prime conductor, a vivid spark darts between them. d. The anode of a thermionic valve. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > thermionic valve > [noun] > anode of valve plate1905 sheath1919 1904 R. M. Walmsley Electr. in Service of Man vi. 230 Professor Fleming..proved that there was an actual stream of negatively electrified particles passing from the negative leg to the metal plate M.] 1905 J. A. Fleming in Proc. Royal Soc. 74 477 It is preferable to use a metal plate carried on a platinum wire sealed into the glass bulb, the plate being bent into a cylinder which surrounds both the legs of the carbon loop. 1926 R. W. Hutchinson First Course Wireless viii. 140 This movement of electrons from filament to plate constitutes an electric current from plate to filament. 1948 A. L. Albert Radio Fund. vi. 178 The plate usually surrounds the cathode in high-vacuum diodes. 1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. vii. 21 The collector element for the electron flow is the anode, or plate. 19. Mining (chiefly English regional (northern)). Rock that splits readily into laminae; shale. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > shale metal1672 shale1747 shillet1777 plate1794 skerry1844 plate-shale1881 plate rock1893 1794 W. Hutchinson Hist. Cumberland I. 48 Strata of plate between the coal. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Plate, shale. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 748 It is rare in the rock called plate (a solid slaty clay) for the [lead] vein to include any ore. 1865 D. Page Handbk. Geol. Terms (ed. 2) 363 Plate, a north of England mining term for compact beds of shale, which, when exposed to the weather, break up into thin plates or laminæ. 1895 J. W. Anderson Prospector's Handbk. (ed. 6) 163 Plate—Black shale; a slaty rock. 1964 A. Nelson Dict. Mining 334 Plate (geol.) a lead miner's term for shale. 20. An early form of rail for a railway or tramway, consisting of a flat strip of iron or steel with a projecting flange to retain the wheels (cf. plate railway n. at Compounds 2). Also in extended use: a rail of an ordinary railway (cf. platelayer n.). Now historical.Earliest as second element of tram-plate n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] > laid with rails > rail rail?1608 turn-plate1797 gully1800 plate rail1801 plate1807 tram-plate1807 tramway plate1825 track-rail1877 1807 Trans. Soc. Arts 25 87 Improved tram-plates for carriages on rail roads. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 644 Bars of cast iron..known..by the denomination of the plate-rail, tram~way plate, barrow-way plate... The first we shall distinguish by the name of the edge railway; the second, by that of the plate railway. 1887 P. McNeill Blawearie 41 Pringle..had made his way off at the far side of the cage, crossed the plates, leapt from the embankment over into the field. 1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Plates, sometimes called tram-plates, the rails on which colliery trams are run. The rails used on our railway lines are still known by the workmen as plates. 1997 Oxf. Compan. Brit. Railway Hist. 134/2 Plates..proved to be a greater technical aberration than the later broad gauge. 21. Photography. A thin sheet of metal, glass, or other substance, coated with a light-sensitive film, on which single photographs are taken in larger or older types of camera; a photograph produced in this way. Also (with distinguishing word, as half-plate, quarter-plate, etc.): a standard size of photographic print or negative (see quot. 1907).dry plate: see dry adj. and adv. Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > plate plate1840 photoplate1871 1840 Penny Cycl. XVIII. 113/2 Thus prepared, the plate is next placed within a camera-obscura..and the delineation of the object is then effected. 1855 T. F. Hardwich Man. Photogr. Chem. 13 We are indebted to Sir John Herschel for the first use of glass plates to receive sensitive Photographic films. 1876 W. de W. Abney Instr. Photogr. (ed. 3) 61 With dry plates, and on some occasions with wet plates, there is another system..of calling forth the invisible image, and this..is known as the ‘alkaline development’. 1907 N.E.D. at Plate A whole-plate measures 8¹/ ₂ × 6¹/ ₂ inches; half-plate (English) 6¹/ ₂ × 4³/ ₄ inches; (U.S.) 5¹/ ₂ × 4¹/ ₄ inches; quarter-plate, 4¹/ ₄ × 3¹/ ₄ inches. 1937 Discovery Oct. 299/1 The fixing of a photographic plate by desensitisation. 1970 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 81 43 Three plates taken between May 4 and 6, when the Earth was in the plane of the comet's orbit, show a beautifully straight tail about 10° long. 2003 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Dec. 345/2 He was issued a Speed Graphic, a camera that required the insertion and removal of plates. 22. Dentistry. The portion of a denture which is moulded to the shape of the mouth and gums and holds the artificial teeth; a similar portion of any orthodontic appliance. Also colloquial: a whole denture or other orthodontic appliance. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > other dental equipment explorer1844 plate1845 rose head1847 plugging forceps1861 plugger1862 rubber dam1865 finger mirror1867 nerve instrument1867 hoe1875 saliva extractor1877 thimble1877 finger-tray1878 scaler1881 matrix1883 saliva ejectora1884 sickle scaler1930 the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > denture ratelier1812 plate1845 mineral teeth1851 denture1874 tooth-plate1880 teeth-plate1897 gnasher1919 snapper1924 chopper1937 the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > denture > plate plate1845 suction-plate1875 mouth plate1876 saddle1907 1845 Looking unto Jesus 17 It was then found necessary to have a plate made and fitted on her front teeth. 1882 Trans. Michigan Dental Soc. 29 Mar. 113 People decidedly object to wearing artificial plates, putting it off as long as they can. 1932 E. Bowen To North v. 44 Her confirmation.., the fixing-in of a plate to correct prominent teeth,..had all been reported to him. 1947 Life 17 Nov. 72/1 (advt.) To keep dental plates clean, pure, free of tell-tale odors, more dentists recommend Polident than any other denture cleanser. 1977 B. Pym Quartet in Autumn v. 52 He had to visit the dentist, to adjust his new plate and to practise eating with it. 1991 Yours Feb. 25/2 Denture plates and false teeth are manufactured from plastic acrylic resin. 23. A thin cut from a brisket of beef. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > beef > [noun] > other cuts or parts tild1342 ox foota1398 oxtaila1425 neat's foot?c1450 beef-flick1462 sticking piece1469 ox-tonguea1475 aitch-bone1486 fore-crop?1523 sirloin1525 mouse-piece1530 ox-cheek1592 neat's tongue1600 clod1601 sticking place1601 skink1631 neck beef1640 round1660 ox-heart1677 runner1688 sticking draught1688 brisket-beef1697 griskin1699 sey1719 chuck1723 shin1736 gravy beef1747 baron of beef1755 prime rib1759 rump and dozen1778 mouse buttock1818 slifta1825 nine holes1825 spauld-piece1828 trembling-piece1833 shoulder-lyar1844 butt1845 plate1854 plate-rand1854 undercut1859 silver-side1861 bed1864 wing rib1883 roll1884 strip-loin1884 hind1892 topside1896 rib-eye1926 buttock meat1966 onglet1982 1854 [see plate-rand n. at Compounds 2]. 1884 G. P. Keese in Harper's Mag. July 299/1 [Chicago] Plates are cut into five pieces. 1884 G. P. Keese in Harper's Mag. July 299/1 The division [of the carcasses] is made into..loins, ribs, mess, plates, chucks, rolls, rumps [etc.]... ‘Extra mess’ is composed of chucks, plates, rumps, and flanks. 1943 Sun (Baltimore) 19 June 4 Stews and other cuts:..Plate (bone-in) (fresh and cured). 1973 Philadelphia Inquirer 14 Oct. (Today Suppl.) 6 (advt.) Short Ribs, Plate Beef, Rolled Plate. 2003 Gazette (Montreal) 30 July d1 Plate is turned into short ribs, stew or ground beef. 24. Baseball. A flat piece of metal, stone, or whitened rubber marking a position on the field; spec. (a) = home plate n.; (b) = rubber n.¹ 14d(b). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > baseball ground > [noun] > slab marking home base home1845 home base1855 plate1867 home plate1869 rubber1889 pan1891 platter1892 1867 Ball Players' Chron. 5 Sept. 5/1 Thorne..pitched slow, ‘drop’ balls, many of which struck outside of ‘the plate’. 1886 H. Chadwick Art of Pitching & Fielding 43 When the Umpire indicates the height of the ball required, the pitcher should send it in at once at the height required, but not over ‘the plate’. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 161/2 This corner is marked by a white plate a foot square, sunk level with the ground, and called the home base. 1917 C. Mathewson Second Base Sloan 172 Ellis walked to the plate and faced Chase grimly determined to get a hit. 1928 Warren (Pa.) Morning Mirror 14 Apr. 10/6 Walker's muff of a long fly sent Stephenson across the plate for the first score. 1977 Guernsey Weekly Press 21 July 8/6 Rangers pushed five runs over the plate before going one down. 1990 Show Sept. 36/2 Bo Jackson..threw a ball 300 feet for a perfect strike to nail fleet Harold Reynolds at the plate, preventing the winning run from scoring. 25. A square or rectangular piece of fur made from a number of (waste) pieces sewn together, used in the making of inexpensive coats, or in linings, trimmings, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > [noun] > several skins sewn together plate1910 1910 Encycl. Brit. XI. 354/2 A very great feature of German and Russian work is the fur linings called rotondes, sacques or plates. 1957 M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 256/1 Plate,..2. Skins sewn together, but not completely fitted or finished, for fur linings; also used to make garments or trimmings. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia VII. 816/1 The less costly skin-on-skin method consists of sewing one full skin adjacent to another in a uniform alignment. This method is sometimes employed to sew the leftovers of full skins such as paws and flanks, into blanket-like ‘plates’ that are then fashioned into garments. 1982 Daily Tel. 12 May 15/5 The pieces of sewn-together fur, called plates, are often sent off directly to furriers in London or New York, Frankfurt or Paris, to be scissored into jackets! 26. Geology. Each of the several nearly rigid pieces of lithosphere which are thought to make up the whole of the earth's surface and to be moving slowly relative to one another over the underlying mantle, their boundaries being identified with belts of seismic, volcanic, and tectonic activity. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > [noun] > lithospheric plate plate1965 microplate1972 1904 H. B. C. Sollas & W. J. Sollas tr. E. Suess Face of Earth I. ii. xxii. 600 Towards the north [of North America], however, a very extensive ‘plate’ without folding appears, which stretches nearly to the Arctic archipelago. 1910 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 21 191 As Suess says, we do not know the character of the platforms upon which lie the seas behind island arcs;..the platforms may be composed of ancient, crystalline rocks which moved as ‘plates’ without parallel foldings.] 1965 J. T. Wilson in Nature 24 July 343/1 Many geologists have maintained that movements of the Earth's crust are concentrated in mobile belts, which may take the form of mountains, mid-ocean ridges or major faults... This article suggests that these features..are connected into a continuous network of mobile belts about the Earth which divide the surface into several large rigid plates. 1969 Jrnl. Geophysical Res. 74 4298/2 In the New Guinea mainland the zone of southerly dipping earthquakes can be associated with the northern edge of the Australian continent meeting the Pacific ‘plate’ and creating an overthrust zone of mountain building. 1972 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 305/1 Lithospheric plates are..segments of upper mantle and crust, varying in thickness from approximately 5 km at ridges to 150 km under central areas of continents, that are generated by growth of crust and mantle at oceanic ridges..and consumed in trenches. 1990 P. Kearey & F. J. Vine Global Tectonics vii. 132 The Farallon plate was being underthrust beneath the North American plate, and..the ridge system moved towards the trench. III. A shallow dish, and related senses. 27. a. A shallow, usually circular vessel, originally of metal or wood, now commonly of ceramic, from which food is eaten or served. Frequently with distinguishing word.dessert-, dinner-, soup-plate, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > table-vessels > dish or plate disha700 scuttlec1050 trencherc1308 plattera1325 paten?1340 esquele1371 skelec1400 plat1415 plate?c1450 skewel1567 trencher-plate1580 goggan1586 trench1602 table plate1669 mazarine1673 discus1680 wearing plate1683 silver plate1710 nappy1731 roundel1797 muffin1820 entrée dish1846 pinax1858 ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 11 (MED) She drowe oute of a donghill a plater of siluer..and there come a voys to her and saide, ‘score so long on this plate till ye haue hadde awey all the blacke spottis.’ 1485 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 51 Trayes..v, Plates of tree..iij dd. 1550 W. Thomas Dictionarie in Principal Rules Ital. Grammer Piatello, a little flatte disshe or a plate. 1588 R. Greene Pandosto sig. A2 Syllie Baucis coulde not serue Iupiter in a siluer plate, but in a woodden dish. 1630 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 184 Two litle plates or sawcers for carying and setting the bread on itt, at the tyme of the Communion. 1684 tr. A. O. Exquemelin Bucaniers Amer. iii. v. 47 The Pirats,..without any..Napkins, or Plates, fell to eating very heartily the..pieces of Bulls and Horses Flesh. 1739 ‘R. Bull’ tr. F. Dedekind Grobianus 114 See now, the Stripling, with his Voider, waits To bear away the greasy Load of Plates. 1792 J. Wolcot Wks. III. 4 The man I hate..Who, to complete his dinner, licks his plate. 1867 A. Cary Bishop's Son xv. 264 At the tea-table she seemed strangely absent-minded, breaking the bread into little crumbs on her plate, and saying nothing. 1894 Cassell's Univ. Cookery Bk. 1255 One [rack] to hold a dozen plates and three dishes. 1940 W. Faulkner Hamlet i. ii. 43 She was taking Ab's breakfast offen the stove, onto two plates. 1991 Redbook Aug. 37/3 Gillian stared down at the beef vindaloo on her plate. b. colloquial to hand (also give) (something) to (a person) on a plate and variants: to give (something) to (a person) in such a way that little or no effort is required on their part; to present (something) without it having been asked or sought for; to present (something) in a complete or fully accomplished form. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > find no difficulty in [verb (transitive)] > make easy or easier > make (something) easy for a person to hand (also give) (something) to (a person) on a plate1908 1908 Times 28 Aug. 8/4 It would be really pleasant, for example, to tell a fielder who missed simple catches that ‘he could not hold the ball even if it was handed to him on a plate with watercress around it.’ 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. vii. [Aeolus] 132 Gave it to them on a hot plate, Myles Crawford said, the whole bloody history. 1946 R. G. Collingwood Idea of Hist. 256 If anyone else..hands him on a plate a ready-made answer to his question, all he can do is to reject it. 1957 Listener 11 July 72 It is not often that radio is presented on a plate with such a fine natural script as these extracts made. 1973 ‘P. Malloch’ Kickback xii. 78 You make that kind of mistake you're handing it on a plate to the cops. 2004 Mirror (Nexis) 23 Sept. 21 He didn't respect women because they gave him sex on a plate. c. colloquial to have a lot (also enough, plenty, etc.) on one's plate and variants; (also) to have a full plate, to have one's plate full (up) (with): to have a lot of things occupying one's time or energy; to have a lot to do.In quot. 1911 in an extended metaphor. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > worry > be worried [verb (intransitive)] > have a lot to worry about to have a lot (also enough, plenty, etc.) on one's plate1911 1911 E. Wharton Ethan Frome 15 Sickness and trouble: that's what Ethan's had his plate full up with, ever since the very first helping. 1928 Daily Express 4 July 9/2 Can you tell me how many times in all she has forbidden you the house?—No, sir. Half a dozen times?—It might have been. I cannot say. I have a lot on my plate... Mr. Justice Horridge: A lot on your plate! What do you mean? Elton Pace: A lot of worry, my lord. 1945 Penguin New Writing 24 32 We haven't time to worry about D though, we shall probably have enough on our own plate any minute now. 1959 ‘R. Simons’ Houseboat Killings xiv. 142 I'll leave you at it. I've got plenty on my plate at the moment. 1963 T. Parker Unknown Citizen iii. 78 Duggie's got a lot on his plate just now, I didn't want to worry him. 1969 R. M. Nixon News Conf. 4 Mar. in Cumulated Indexes Public Papers Presidents U. S., Richard M. Nixon (1971) I. xcviii. 193/1 Well, I think as far as commitments are concerned, the United States has a full plate. I..do not believe that we should make new commitments around the world unless [etc.]. 1993 C. L. Cummins Diesel's Engine I. viii. 192 Diesel was convinced a good market existed for such an engine... Unfortunately, the firm's chief had his plate full with the liquid-fueled diesel engine. He turned it down. 1999 in D. Bolger Ladies' Night at Finbar's Hotel 133 Next time, look, I don't want to know, OK? I have enough on my plate without worrying about you. 2002 K. Robards Irresistible xxii. 258 She, in her role as chaperon to eighteen-year-old Beth, had a full plate of activities to occupy her. 28. a. A quantity of food presented on a plate, a plateful; a dish or course of food; (North American) a platter (see platter n.¹ 1a).In quot. 1577: a supply of food; eating and drinking. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > supply of food or provisions > [noun] victualsa1375 substancec1384 repasta1393 kitchenc1400 tablec1405 stuff1436 acates1465 acatry1522 victualling1532 provision1555 achates1570 plate1577 avitaile1592 support1599 horn and corn1633 subsistence1640 cribbing1652 purvey1678 commissariat1811 ration1814 commissary1883 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > [noun] > dish meateOE messc1300 servicec1450 dish1526 plate1577 plat1766 meat and potatoes1846 M & V1925 meat and two veg1960 1577 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 634 That scho haif..siclyke assignatioun of money and victuallis for the support of hir plate as of befoir. 1668 P. Rycaut Present State Ottoman Empire (new ed.) i. xvi. 72 Her Serving-maids bring in a low Table, on which are set a pair of Pigeons roasted, and a plate of Sugar-candy. 1671 R. Head & F. Kirkman Eng. Rogue III. x. 131 To every Bottle of Wine a small plate of Olives was carried up. 1695 E. Ravenscroft Canterbury Guests v. ii. 53 Greed. I'll bring thee a bottle of Sack into the Kitchen. Cook. And I'll relish't with a plate of pickled Mushrooms. 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. vi. 110 The Poet..took an Opportunity, while poor Adams was respectfully drinking to the Master of the House, to overturn a Plate of Soup into his Breeches. View more context for this quotation 1745 R. Pococke Descr. East II. i. 11 The European pilgrims..are well served with three or four plates. 1866 Catholic World June 405/1 I was little inclined to leave my cosy fire, my tender steak, my fragrant cup of bohea, my delicious plate of buttered toast. 1886 R. Kipling Departm. Ditties (ed. 2) 13 Who can raise a two-plate dinner off eight paltry ‘dibs’ a day? 1935 A. J. Cronin Adventures in Two Worlds (1952) i. ii. 15 The tray bore, every day, a tempting plate of milk-and-soda scones. 1974 D. E. Westlake Help (1975) xlii. 246 The man..recommended the roast beef plate..and the woman..said the turkey diet plate was first-rate. 1993 Toronto Life July 83/1 Persian cookery in a pretty, clean, main-floor room of a house. A-jo soup (thick barley, lemony); a suave appetizer plate. b. [rhyming slang] plate of meat, (a) a street (obsolete); (b) in plural, feet (also elliptically, as plates). ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > street > [noun] streetOE rewa1350 gate1488 gate-row1598 calle1611 drive1799 drag1851 drum1851 plate of meat1857 stem1914 the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > extremities > foot > [noun] footOE heelOE toec1290 pettitoes1590 goers1612 hoofa1616 fetlock1645 stamper1652 fetterlock1674 pedestal1695 trotter1755 footsie1762 dew-beaters1811 pedal1838 mud-hook1850 tootsy1854 tootsicum1860 gun-boat1870 mundowie1880 plate of meat1887 trilby1895 dog1913 puppies1922 1857 ‘Ducange Anglicus’ Vulgar Tongue 15 Plate of meat, street. 1887 Referee 6 Nov. 7/3 As she walked along the street With her little ‘plates of meat’. 1889 J. S. Farmer Americanisms 425/2 Plate of meat, (Cant) in America does duty as the name, among thieves, for a street or highway. 1917 W. Muir Observ. Orderly xiv. 222 To get your ‘plates of meat’ frostbitten wasn't such a ‘cushy wound’ as it was cracked up to be. 1951 P. Branch Lion in Cellar ix. 105 He..took off his shoes. ‘Heaven!’ he sighed. ‘My plates have been quite, quite killing me.’ 1978 E. Chappell Rising Damp Compl. Scripts (2002) iv. iii. 470/2 I'd do anything to sink my plates into a soft, velvet pile. 1996 Q Jan. 167/3 The place is still full of suits. Q's plates of meat are in a right old two and eight. c. U.S. A meal provided at a banquet, fund-raising dinner, etc., for which the diner pays a fixed sum in advance. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > setting table > [noun] > place at table table room1607 bottom1629 board-head1637 board-enda1652 foot1700 plate1917 1917 Puck (N.Y.) 20 Jan. 9/1 They won't easily have forgotten that big dinner I gave—nine people at a dollar fifty a plate, with the cigars extra. 1925 L. S. Dunway in B. A. Botkin Treasury Southern Folklore (1949) ii. iii. 278 The committee on arrangements called on Jeff Davis at his office and wanted to know if the governor would like to have a plate at the banquet, the cost of which was $5. 1941 B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? xii. 288 They gave Sidney a testimonial dinner at the Ambassador at ten dollars a plate. 2000 Seattle Times (Nexis) 21 May b3 The big spenders—those who paid between $300 and several thousand dollars a plate to eat before the ball—mingled in the lobby. d. New Zealand and Australian. A plate of food contributed by a participant towards the catering at a social gathering, often in lieu of an admission charge. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > supply of food or provisions > gift or offering of food > [noun] > contribution to meal or feast plate1935 1935 Tararus Tramper Oct. 1 Free Ambulance dance..Ladies 6d. and a plate; gentleman, 2/-. 1953 M. C. Scott Breakfast at Six viii. 70 Gents half-a-crown, ladies a plate... Larry explained what ‘a plate’ meant in the backblocks. 1962 S. Gore Down Golden Mile 110 We might start by having some sort of social. Nothing elaborate, you know. Just perhaps all the ladies could bring a plate. 1972 R. Erickson West of Centre 69 As jealous of his reputation as a suburban housewife baking a ‘plate’ for a matron's tea party. 1992 Eng. Today Apr. 18/1 The request to bring a plate was, for him, an unfamiliar way of expressing a familiar concept: a party where each guest brings a dish of food for everyone to share—what in North America, for example, is often called a ‘pot luck’ supper. 29. A shallow vessel of metal or wood used for collecting gifts of money, esp. in a place of worship; the money collected in this way. Also more fully collection plate. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > collection box > [noun] offertory boxa1425 rood-board1556 platea1784 ladle1813 collecting box1857 a1784 S. Johnson Prayers & Medit. (1785) 178 I gave two shillings to the plate. 1837 J. McKerrow H. Belfrage i. 3 (note) A plate or collection-box is placed at the entry to the place of worship, to receive the voluntary offerings of the people. 1872 W. Besant & J. Rice Ready-money Mortiboy I. xi. 221 The plate came round, and caught him unprepared. 1924 R. Macaulay Orphan Island xiii. 160 ‘If you have nothing to contribute, sir,’ he whispered, ‘kindly pass the plate, which is for puttings in, not takings out.’ 1944 D. Thomas Let. c21 Sept. (1987) 524 He snuggles deep among the chapel thighs, And when the moist collection plate is passed Puts in his penny, generous at last. 1995 K. Toolis Rebel Hearts (1996) iii. 129 I'll go to Mass every Sunday. I'll give money to the plate. 30. Biology and Medicine. A shallow vessel, typically a Petri dish, containing or used to contain a medium for the culture of microorganisms. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > apparatus > [noun] > for storing or containing boat1847 collecting box1857 moist chamber1869 Pasteur flask1869 plate1886 Petri dish1892 Pasteur pipette1899 Stender dish1900 straw1966 tissue-bank1968 the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > apparatus > [noun] > plate or slide growing-slide1856 growing-cell1867 plate1886 1886 E. M. Crookshank Introd. Pract. Bacteriol. v. 68 The glass plates are sterilised by filling the iron box..and placing it in the hot-air steriliser, at 150° C., from one to two hours. 1896 G. M. Sternberg Text-bk. Bacteriol. viii. 72 By Koch's famous ‘plate method’ we obtain colonies of any particular microörganism which we desire to study. 1934 A. T. Henrici Biol. Bacteria xii. 203 The colonies which develop upon agar or gelatine plates exhibit specific characters by which one may often identify the organism of which they are composed. 1990 T. G. Wreghitt & P. Morgan-Capner ELISA in Clin. Microbiol. Lab. iii. 40 The IgM assay is performed in flat well microtitre plates, each serum being loaded at a single dilution, in duplicate, allowing a maximum of 48 tests and controls to be run on each plate. 31. Chiefly U.S. slang. A gramophone record. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > a sound recording > [noun] > record or disc phonograph record1878 record1878 disc1879 gramophone record1888 title1908 platter1926 phonodisc1929 release1932 wax1932 plate1935 waxing1936 audio disc1944 cut1949 sounds1955 twelve-inch1976 vinyl1976 1935 Vanity Fair (U.S.) Nov. 38/1 None of these plates will be senders. 1937 Amer. Speech 12 100 Behind the microphone they [sc. gramophone records] are referred to variously as discs, E.T.'s, plates, platters, wax and cuts. 1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §581/2 Phonograph record, plate. 1996 ikon Jan. 80/3 Felix's Thee Album emerged as the hottest house plate of the year, burning a trail across dance floors and time zones. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. (a) plate-book n. ΚΠ 1900 Westm. Gaz. 11 May 2/1 A fairly simple, moderately good-length ball is delivered. He gets himself into a plate-book attitude—for the cricket master is watching. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 12 Aug. 2/1 You can..construct out of certain material an imitation Palairet whom the compiler of a plate book can kodak in his every attitude with advantage. 1933 Bodleian Q. Rec. 7 333 On October 16 an exhibition of drawings and plate-books by Mr. James Guthrie. 1996 Daily Press (Newport, Va.) (Nexis) 15 Oct. c1 ‘There are many elements in the house that are taken right out of an 1827 Benjamin Asher platebook,’ explains Stidham, describing the source behind the structure's Greek Revival design. plate box n. ΚΠ 1889 Science 24 May 401/1 Again, such phantom images occasionally arise from a minute hole in the camera, plate-box, or even the dark slide. 2003 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 20 Nov. b2 She found the gemstone in the plate box that she got from Chris. plate brass n. ΚΠ 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 38 Prepare a Cylindrical vessel of very thin plate Brass or Silver. 1727 J. Houghton Coll. Improvem. Husbandry II. 190 Now for the making of brass in England, which is compos'd with about two sevenths of fine copper, four sevenths of lapis calaminaris, and one seventh of shruff, which is old plate brass. 2002 Honolulu Advertiser (Nexis) 15 Sept. 12 d To make the sculpture, Endicott molded concrete, cast bronze, plate brass, ceramic and copper mesh over a welded stainless-steel armature. plate-brush n. ΚΠ 1847 Sci. Amer. 4 Dec. 85/3 Or if it is wanted to be burnished the leather and plate brush must be used. 1999 Evening Chron. (Newcastle) (Nexis) 1 May 19 Silver-handled cutlery may be damaged if immersed in water so they will have to be tackled with a moist cloth or a platebrush. † plate-bush n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 927 A journal, which has its bearing in a close brass plate-bush or socket. † plate button n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1657 J. Harington Hist. Polindor & Flostella (ed. 3) i. 3 The Robe he wore (Buskins) green Taffaty, clasp'd down before With long, but flowr'd Plate-buttons. 1703 M. Martin Descr. W. Islands Scotl. 209 They wore Sleeves of Scarlet Cloth, clos'd at the end as Mens Vests, with gold Lace round 'em, having Plate Buttons set with fine Stones. 1858 W. M. Thackeray Virginians I. xxvi. 202 Both of the two gentlemen were dressed alike, in small scratch-wigs without powder, in blue frocks with plate buttons, in buckskins, and riding-boots. plate-chest n. ΚΠ 1525–6 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 331 For..mendyng of the lock of the money cofur within the plate chest. 1779 Malefactor's Reg. V. 14 He found the plate chest in the house keeper's room burst open. 2000 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 21 Sept. 65/4 The secret marauder came and went without a trace, save for..displenished plate-chest that testified to his visitations. plate closet n. now historical and rare ΚΠ 1789 Whole Proc. King's Comm. Peace (City of London & County of Middlesex) 470/1 Then they came down, and took Phealen out of the plate closet. 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre II. i. 6 There are hundreds of pounds' worth of plate in the plate-closet, as is well known. 1922 Times 9 Sept. 16/5 (advt.) To be let for six months... White tiled basement splendidly arranged, plate closet, etc. 1991 Carlton House (Queen's Gallery) 46/1 The Plate Closet contained more than just services and table ornaments. plate copper n. ΚΠ 1644 in M. Wood Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1938) VIII. 54 For covering with plaitt copper the churche at the Trone. 1768 W. Sharp in Philos. Trans. 1767 (Royal Soc.) 57 87 I have also tried various materials for the same purpose, such as strong hide leather, hardened with glew; also wood, and plate-copper. 2004 State Jrnl. (Lansing, Mich.) (Nexis) 14 Mar. 10 a Remade of plate copper, placed on a plaza of recycled green glass in downtown, [the sculpture] ‘This Equals That’ equals monumental excellence. † plate dish n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον vii. 331 A Basin and Ewre with other Plate-dishes. 1685 W. Kennett tr. Pliny Addr. Thanks to Good Prince 98 Farther we admire not the costliness of your plate dishes, nor the exquisite cookery, nor the stately serving them up, but your endearing pleasantness. plate frame n. ΚΠ 1907 N.E.D. at Plate Plate-frame. 1984 C. Garratt Brit. Steam Lives! i. 11 The traditional British plate frames were often cited as another weakness, especially when the engine ran on tracks which were of poor quality. plate furnace n. ΚΠ 1861 W. Fairbairn Iron 48 This plate furnace in not only perfectly secure, as regards the expansion and contraction, but it is found to be economical and to answer every purpose in common with the large stone and iron-bound furnaces. 1988 Industry Week (Nexis) 2 May 55 We do that routinely, rolling plate up to the load capability of the plate furnaces. plate guide n. ΚΠ 1890 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 176 In the diagram, the heavy lines show the cut in lower board,..the light lines the upper board or plate-guide aperture. 2002 Electronic Publishing (Nexis) 1 Oct. 26 The Vx-9600 also adds a new Push Bar and spring-loaded plate guide. † plate-hoe n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1743 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman (Dublin ed.) June 60 Here also they draw the Hand Plate Hough the first Time, when the Beans are four Inches high. 1859 E. G. Storke Domest. & Rural Affairs 41 3 Steel plate hoes..$1.50. 1881 C. Whitehead Hops 46 This space is hoed with an ordinary plate-hoe to remove the weeds. plate iron n. ΚΠ 1615 G. Markham Eng. Hus-wife in Countrey Contentments 70–1 A Plate iron made with hooks and pricks, on which you may hang the meat. 1891 Daily News 27 Apr. 2/5 Plate iron, angles, T's, and bars for railway waggon building are in large request. 2004 Finnish Amer. Reporter (Nexis) 29 Feb. 6 Like the Kalevala blacksmith, Ilmarinen, Tom pounded plate iron to build the steam boilers for his ship. † plate-pile n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1874 T. Dunlap Wiley's Amer. Iron Trade Man. 144 The usual heating furnaces, both for the bloom and plate piles, are provided, and the mill is supplied with all the latest improvements. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator ii. 80/2 Into these grooves large plates of iron, which the engineer calls plate-piles, are fitted and driven down. plate washer n. ΚΠ 1866 Railroad Prop. (U.S. War Dept.) 442 150 pounds plate washers. 1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 134 A hexagonal plate washer. 2004 Printing News (Nexis) 21 June 10 The Vector TX52 also has a smaller footprint than its predecessor, with the plate washer built directly into the device, rather than as two separate units. plate work n. ΚΠ c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 3223 Ȝit ware þe wawes of þe wanes wroȝt, as I rede, Polischid all of pure gold & of plate werkis. 1763 N.Y. Gaz. 14 Mar. (Weyman) 3/3 (advt.) Otto Parisien, Gold-Smith, from Berlin, Makes all Sorts of Plate Work, both plain and chas'd, in the neatest and most expeditious Manner. 1996 Guardian 8 June (Weekend Suppl.) 51/2 There may not be much to this dish, but in my experience it is harder to make something simple perfect than it is to shimmy out of trouble with all manner of fancy platework. † plate worth n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 355 This Touchstone of solid and plate worth (as I may tearm it). (b) (In sense 9b.) plate armour n. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > [noun] > plate- or scale-armour platec1390 almain rivet1512 rivet1548 bards1551 plate armour1656 scale-armour1842 scale1853 1656 W. Dugdale Antiq. Warwickshire 343/1 Here is to be seen a large two handed Sword, with a Helmet, and certain Plate-Armour for Horse service. 1800 C. Powys Passages from Diaries Mrs. Powys (1899) 341 But though completely harness'd with plate-armour cap-à-pie, he suddenly fell dead. 1995 V. Chandra Red Earth & Pouring Rain (1996) 130 Thomas enriched his equipage with..black plate armour that buckled around the body. † plate glove n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > armour for limbs > [noun] > arm armour > gauntlet waynpainc1312 mainfaire1400 gauntletc1420 gainpainc1430 plate glove1596 1596 Breadalbane Court Bk. f. 141, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Ane dorloch, ane plait glufe. 1606 W. Arthur & H. Charteris Rollock's Lect. 1st & 2nd Epist. Paul to Thessalonians (2 Thess.) x. 128 He wil get on a croslet and plateglufe. plate mail n. ΚΠ 1835 R. M. Bird Infidel I. vii. 100 ‘Thou shalt have both,’ said Cortes, ‘and the plate-mail also.’ 1913 Amer. Anthropologist 15 96 Such armor cannot have been made in imitation of Japanese plate-mail, which did not exist at that time. 1992 Dragon Mag. Feb. 116/3 This figure is completely covered with jointed plate mail, as are the other knights, but more chain mail shows around the edges of the plate. † plate-sleeve n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > armour for limbs > [noun] > arm armour bracer?a1400 bracec1400 sleeve1465 plate-sleeve1578 bracelet1580 monion1652 brachal1658 arm piece1659 armlet1706 1578–9 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 107 They..spuilyeit him of his jak, plaitslevis, his pistolet, his belt [etc.]. a1605 R. Bannatyne Memorials Trans. Scotl. (1836) 152 Bring with thé ane horse, a jak, steilbonnet, plaitsleivis, speiris. 1820 W. Scott Abbot II. xi. 338 Get on your jacks, plate-sleeves, and knapsculls. (c) (In sense 18d.) plate circuit n. ΚΠ 1919 J. A. Fleming Thermionic Valve 224 In general the external E.M.F. required in the plate circuit of a very hard valve is 100 volts, or even more, to produce a plate current of 3 or 4 milliamperes with the grid at zero potential. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia VI. 688/1 Many of these secondary electrons are attracted to the screen grid and flow in its circuit, rather than in the plate circuit, where the output should flow for greatest circuit efficiency. 1999 Electronics Now (Nexis) Feb. 31 Another battery (the ‘B’ battery) was the high-voltage, low-current battery used to power the tube's plate circuit. plate current n. ΚΠ 1915 Electrician 21 May 243/1 (diagram) Plate current. 1966 T. Korneff Introd. Electronics vi. 198 The plate current is a function of the screen grid voltage and does not depend too much on the plate voltage. 2003 Radio (Nexis) 1 July 7 The more steeply the plate current rises as the grid voltage becomes positive, the greater the transconductance of the tube. plate voltage n. ΚΠ 1919 W. D. Owen Guide Study Ionic Valve 38 Power valves need to be very hard otherwise the plate voltage would cause a discharge across the space. 1966 T. Korneff Introd. Electronics vi. 198 The plate current is a function of the screen grid voltage and does not depend too much on the plate voltage. 2003 EDN (Nexis) 12 June 90 Note the idealized load line and that the tube can draw a plate current of 150 mA at a plate voltage of only 50V. (d) (In sense 24.) plate appearance n. ΚΠ 1939 Bismarck (N. Dakota) Tribune 6 June 6/6 Olix led the Grand Forks assault, the centerfielder getting four hits out of six plate appearances. 1999 Sun (Baltimore) 7 Apr. d 6/2 An inning later, in his first plate appearance of the season, Ripken squared once. plate umpire n. ΚΠ 1909 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 11 Jan. 8/1 In the case of a run-down between third base and the plate, the decision is to be given..by the plate umpire if it [sc. the play] is made near home. 1947 B. Feller Strikeout Story v. 36 The plate umpire that day again was Harry Geisel. 1991 San Francisco Chron. 12 Feb. d4/5 I assumed what I thought was a proper plate-umpire position, in ‘the slot’, over the catcher's shoulder. (e) (In sense 26.) plate boundary n. ΚΠ 1970 N.Y. Times 5 Jan. 9/1 The theory of plate tectonics holds that active ocean ridges also form plate boundaries and add..hot basaltic material [to them]. 1992 Discover Feb. 11/3 According to plate tectonics, volcanism takes place at plate boundaries. b. Objective. (a) plate bender n. ΚΠ a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 690/1 Plate Bender, a round bitted pinchers, for bending dental plates without showing the pinch marks. 2001 Presstime (Nexis) Oct. 39 A complete CTP [sc. computer-to-plate] production line should include..one or two plate processors and plate benders. plate-collecting n. ΚΠ 1898 Westm. Gaz. 19 Apr. 10/1 The earliest reference to plate collecting dates from 1835, when the Rev. Daniel Parsons wrote a short article on book-plates. 2004 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 6 Aug. c4 Its [sc. the Wedgwood Manchu plate's] value is mostly decorative now, so it's worth little as plate collecting is not the fashion force it once was. plate-cutting n. ΚΠ 1851 Times 2 June 12/3 The machinery and tools of an iron shipbuilder, comprising..plate cutting machine 9 foot wide, screw cutting machine [etc.]. 1982 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 307 305 Methods have been devised to define the shape of the ship form by computer and to transfer this into information directly fed into numerically controlled plate-cutting machines. plate-glazing n. ΚΠ 1911 Encycl. Brit. XX. 734/2 The plate-glazing process is adopted mainly for the best grades of writing-papers, as it gives a smoother, higher and more permanent gloss than has yet been imitated by the roll-calender. 1962 F. T. Day Introd. to Paper iv. 47 Plate glazing is carried out by passing the paper between zinc plates and pressing it to give the desired finish. 2002 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 23 Feb. 4 Should you want to learn more about industrial plate-glazing processes..you can always stay with the Tussie Mussies. plate-keeper n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > official of royal or great household > [noun] > in charge of food, table, or plate butlerc1325 asseour1448 yeoman of the ewery1450 yeoman for the mouth1455 yeoman of the bottles1455 lardiner1469 yeoman of the buttery1473 surveyora1475 assewer1478 larderer1483 yeoman of the cellar1508 bread-bearer1518 groom-grubber1526 bottlemana1550 yeoman of the larder1585 saucery-man1691 plateman1842 plate-keeper1843 1843 Times 9 Mar. 6/2 It is said that an ingenious gentleman..is busily engaged in manufacturing an invisible panoptical platekeeper. 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 24 Apr. 1/2 His employment was one of great trust, he being the platekeeper of the Guards' mess at St. James's Palace. 1906 Times 8 Feb. 8/6 The key of the cupboard was generally in the possession of Mr. Coultas, who was platekeeper. 1991 Internat. Polymer Sci. & Technol. No. 12 (Translations section) 61/1 When the rubber shock absorber is compressed, one or other of the companion plates separates from the plate keeper and the wall of the yoke separates from the companion plate. plate lifter n. ΚΠ 1867 Sci. Amer. 22 June 400/2 Plate lifter—John. B. Willett. West Meriden, Conn. I claim the combination of the handle, A, the lever, D, and hooked arms, C. 1888 W. de W. Abney Instruct. Photogr. (ed. 8) 45 Another useful appliance is an ebonite plate-lifter. 2000 Steel Times (Nexis) 1 Dec. 454 Other Drafto equipment includes crane scales, rotating hook blocks, plate lifters, slab tongs and other overhead-crane-related material handling products. plate-making n. ΚΠ 1843 Penny Mag. May 206/2 Plate-making, dish-making, and saucer-making constitute very large departments of manufacture. 1967 E. Chambers Photolitho-offset iii. 31 A good reproduction proof..becomes copy and is photographed in the normal way for plate-making. 1994 Sci. Amer. Apr. 98/3 The most elaborate, linked workstations and platemaking, can input text images..to be recorded on photosensitive surfaces able to print. plate-printing n. ΚΠ 1850 Househ. Words 27 July 427/2 A row of plate-printing presses. 1854 P. L. Simmonds in Jrnl. Soc. Arts 22 Dec. 82/1 For plate-printing, a single cut with a graver forms a line which holds the ink. For surface-printing a line must be cut on both sides. 2004 Paperboard Packaging (Nexis) 1 June 26 Converters must work toward the goal of controlling the anilox-to-printing plate transfer, and prevent flooding or starving of the plate-printing surface. plate roller n. ΚΠ 1862 Times 20 Jan. 10/5 From this statement it appears that plate rollers..are able to earn a rate of daily pay equal to that of a Lieutenant-Colonel in Her Majesty's Foot Guards. 2004 Daily News (New Plymouth, N.Z.) (Nexis) 10 June (Advertising Suppl.) 11 We're pretty well set up here and there's not much we can't do... We have large plate rollers here and we do a lot of work for other Taranaki engineering companies. plate-tossing n. ΚΠ 1907 N.E.D. at Plate Plate-tossing. 2004 Newsday (N.Y.) (Nexis) 10 Mar. b5 The show's creator..adds to the mix a dash of martial arts, a sprinkle of magic tricks and a generous helping of acrobatic plate-tossing. plate warmer n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > stove or cooker > [noun] > plate-warmer plate warmer1721 hot closet1798 hot cupboard1820 hotplate1925 1721 Particular & Inventory Sir J. Blunt (South-Sea Company) 45 In the Kitchen... 1 Plate Warmer, a Ladle, a Scummer, a Slice [etc.]. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Plate-warmer, a small cupboard standing in front of a fire and holding plates to warm. 1991 V. Grisogono & M. Lynch Strokes & Head Injuries (BNC) 79 You may have to buy metal dish covers, plate warmers and Thermos flasks to keep the food and drinks warm. (b) plate-bending adj. ΚΠ 1839 Times 31 Dec. 8/6 One hundred tons of iron and the implements of a Boilermaker; including..two plate furnaces, plate bending machine, levelling plates, [etc.]. 1908 Cent. Dict. Suppl., 1148/3 Plate-bending rolls, in iron shipbuilding, a machine for bending plates into the forms required to fit the curved surfaces of a vessel. 1992 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 437 112 Each plate was then loaded in a plate-bending jig to obtain the global plate shear stiffness. plate-rolling adj. ΚΠ 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 706 The shingling and plate-rolling mill. 1944 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 150 125 a The plate-rolling practice at the Coatesville plant of the Lukens Steel Company is described. 2004 Mining & Metal Rep. (Nexis) 6 May It has specialized plate rolling and finishing equipment that will complement and increase the present supply position. c. Instrumental. † plate-encased adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters xxiv. 503 I could find in our recent fishes..no such plate-encased animals as the various species of Coccosteus or Pterichthys. † plate-formed adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. c j b/1 A Plate-formed Cauterye, to cauterize the bone and the fleshe, and the whole parte. plate-glazed adj. ΚΠ 1911 Encycl. Brit. XX. 734/2 The super-calender is used to imitate the plate-glazed surface. 1915 J. Southward Mod. Printing (ed. 3) II. xxx. 258 Plate-glazed Paper is finished by being placed sheet by sheet between copper or zinc plates... The pile is pressed through powerful rollers. 1952 E. J. Labarre Dict. Paper (ed. 2) 200/1 Papers are also finished by passing through a sheet calendar.., such paper being sold as ‘plate-glazed’. plate-shaped adj. ΚΠ 1804 R. Jameson Syst. Mineral. I. 439 (note) The plate-shaped variety is named rock leather. 1901 G. W. James Indian Basketry xv. 228 Hold up this plate-shaped basket in a favorable light. 1993 Outdoor Canada Oct. 30/1 You'll have a rainbow of iridescent hues wrapped around a fat, plate-shaped butterball. d. Parasynthetic. † plate-buttoned adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1698 E. Ward London Spy I. i. 7 He..in the Plate-button'd Sute and White Beaver-Hat. 1727 W. Somervile Occas. Poems 68 Attorneys spruce, in their Plate-button'd Frocks. 1768 Tyburn Chron. IV. 386 He obliged him to pawn his plate buttoned coat, to satisfy his unjust demands, and came away in his waistcoat. C2. plate-basket n. (a) a basket in which silver spoons, forks, etc., are stored; (b) a basket for removing used plates, etc., from the table. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > basket > [noun] > for plate hanaperc1440 plate-basket1721 1721 True Inventory Sir R. Chaplin (South-Sea Company) 4 In the Pantry. One Brass Plate Ring, one Knife Basket, two Plate Baskets, one Knife-tray, [etc.]. 1870 M. Bridgman Robert Lynne I. xiii. 220 I shouldn't care to leave any of them alone with my plate-basket. 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage vi. 20 She then took the plate-basket on her arm and went upstairs. 1937 F. W. Burgess Silver: Pewter Sheffield Plate ii. 17 The oddments of..the plate basket reveal many reminders of older habits and throw sidelights upon the customs of the peoples of different ages. † plate-black n. Printing Obsolete rare a carbon-based pigment used in printing from plates. ΚΠ 1889 Cent. Dict. at Black Plate-black, a combination of lampblack and bone-black..used in plate-printing. † plate-bolt n. Obsolete (a) a bolt which slides on a flat plate; (b) a bolt with a wide flat head. ΚΠ 1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 33 Plate, and Spring-bolts..to fasten Doors and Windows. 1839 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 290/2 One of the most perfect securities for a beam-end..is the plate-bolt... The extreme end of the beam is tied downward by bolts. plate-bone n. †(a) (perhaps) the sternum of a cow; cf. sense 23 (obsolete); (b) the shoulder blade, the scapula. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > cartilage of specific parts > [noun] > of chest or stomach buckler?1541 ensiform cartilage?1541 plate-bonea1665 omosternum1868 xiphisternum1872 ensiform1907 the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bony support for limbs > shoulder-girdle > [noun] > shoulder bone shoulder bladea1300 shoulder bladea1300 shoulder-bonec1320 spauld-bonec1400 omoplate?a1425 scapple1578 scapula1578 shield-bonec1600 spade-bone1612 plate-bonea1665 speal-bone1771 blade-bone1845 a1665 K. Digby Closet Opened (1669) 157 Take any bones..as the Ribs, the Chine-bones, the buckler plate-bone. 1693 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 975 The lateral Fins..being excarnated, are like the whole Arm, with a Plate-bone, Shoulder-bone. 1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. 87 Plate-bone, the blade-bone. 1993 Science 24 Dec. 1975/2 They found that the plate-bone boundary of the dinosaur was very irregular, undulating up and down just as it does in contemporary birds. † plate bulb n. Obsolete rare a bulbous thickened edge of an iron plate. ΚΠ 1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 110 This method is also sometimes employed in forming the arms of plate bulb beams, but in this case the end of the beam must be heated and cut, and the lower part bent. plate camera n. a camera which takes photographs on plates having a light-sensitive coating, rather than on film. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > [noun] > general types of box camera1828 daguerreotype1839 view camera1851 pistolgraph1859 pinhole camera1861 panoramic camera1862 pantoscopic camera1865 pistolograph1866 pantoscope1879 detective camera1881 filmograph1881 photographometera1884 photochronograph1887 snap-shooter1890 stand camera1890 tele-objective camera1891 film camera1893 magazine camera1893 panoram1893 telephoto1894 mutograph1897 tele-camera1899 telephote1903 press camera1912 reflex1922 candid camera1929 minicam1935 single-lens reflex1936 plate camera1937 magic eye1938 subminiature1947 miniature1952 all-sky camera1955 microfilmer1959 stereo-camera1959 streak camera1962 gallery camera1964 SLR1964 TLR1965 spy-camera1968 pinhole1976 multi-mode1981 digicam1989 point-and-shoot1991 1865 Sci. Amer. 9 Dec. 379/2 We claim, first, the improved construction and arrangement of the parts of the flat plate camera.] 1937 Discovery June 177/2 Really good second-hand plate-cameras can be bought quite cheaply. 1956 Focal Encycl. Photogr. 868/1 Plate cameras are generally larger than film cameras. 1991 Daily Tel. 23 Feb. 17/5 On his eighth birthday he was given a five-shilling Kodak Box Brownie, and within two years had graduated to a 30-shilling plate camera. plate clutch n. a clutch in which the engaging surfaces are flat metal plates. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > parts which provide power > [noun] > clutches bayonet1798 clutch1814 gland1825 friction-clutch1842 disc clutch1859 shifter1869 cone-clutch1874 clutch-box1875 jaw clutch1893 plate clutch1906 band clutch1910 single-plate clutch1926 1906 Daily Chron. 14 Nov. 9/3 The enormously increased popularity of the multiple disc or ‘plate’ clutches. 1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 5 Jan. 95/2 Power..is transmitted via an independent plate-clutch. 2004 Townsville (Queensland, Austral.) Bull. (Nexis) 3 July 610 In the mechanical version a single dry plate clutch and four forward gears were specified for the GL model but the GX gained an extra fifth gear. † plate-coat n. Obsolete a piece of armour for the trunk comprising a textile garment lined with small overlapping plates secured by rivets or a trellis of stitches; a brigandine, a jack. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > body armour > [noun] > coat of mail or corselet ring netOE burnec1050 briniec1175 hauberk1297 coatc1300 bryn1330 habergeon1377 jackc1380 doublet of defence (or fence)1418 petticoatc1425 gesteron1469 byrnie1488 coat of fence1490 corset1490 corse1507 sark of mail1515 plate-coat1521 shirt of mail1522 mail-coat1535 corslet1563 costlet1578 pewter coat1584 cataphract1591 pyne doublet1600 sponge1600 coat-armour1603 brace1609 coat of arms1613 frock of mail1671 mail-shirt1816 mail-sark1838 society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > body armour > [noun] > plate-coat or -jacket coatc1300 acton1328 jackc1380 haquetona1400 jazeranta1400 coat of fence1490 halkrig1516 plate-coat1521 coat-armour1603 coat of arms1613 plate-jackc1720 jacket1916 flak jacket1956 1521 in J. M. Bestall & D. V. Fowkes Chesterfield Wills & Inventories 1521–1603 (1977) 2 A Rostyng yron a plaet Coyt a Chaffer of brase. 1677 Lovers Quarrel 278 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) II. 264 Thou'st have the horse with all my heart, And my Plate Coat of silver free. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. xvi. 310 But that I wore a shirt of Spanish mail under my plate-coat, I had been fairly sped. plate count n. an estimate of cell density in milk, soil, etc., made by inoculating a culture plate (sense 30) with a suitably diluted sample and counting the number of colonies that appear. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > measure > [noun] > count cell count1899 plate count1901 platelet count1909 1901 Jrnl. Hygiene 1 301 The effect of the ice-packing upon the number of colonies appearing in the ordinary plate count has been already discussed. 1928 Jrnl. Bacteriol. 16 270 The manner of making plate counts which prevails in public-health and other laboratories where daily counts are made on a number of samples of milk. 2003 Microbial Ecol. 46 312 Microscopic counts, extractable DNA, and plate counts..revealed that the top centimeter of crusted soils contained atypically large bacterial populations. plate cultivation n. = plate culture n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > culturing culture1880 cultivation1881 plate culture1885 plate cultivation1886 test-tube culture1886 plating1898 subculturing1899 test-tube cultivation1899 explantation1915 replica plating1952 1886 E. Klein Micro-organisms & Dis. (ed. 3) v. 41 One of the best methods for isolation is that of the plate-cultivation introduced by Koch [1883] in connection with the isolation of the choleraic comma bacilli. 1900 Proc. Royal Soc. 67 460 By making agar plate-cultivations from the exudation from the lungs,.., the specific bacillus may be isolated. 2002 Dis. Aquatic Organisms 51 93 During plate cultivation, the dominating Flavobacterium species can be masked by saprophytic species. plate culture n. the cultivation of microorganisms on culture plates (sense 30); a culture obtained by this method. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > culturing culture1880 cultivation1881 plate culture1885 plate cultivation1886 test-tube culture1886 plating1898 subculturing1899 test-tube cultivation1899 explantation1915 replica plating1952 1885 Science 5 June 455/1 Plate-culture.—Colonies faintly golden red; irregular, indented margins. 1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xvii. 216 Plate-cultures are made on heated blood-agar. 1990 N. G. Heatley in Z. A. Cohn & C. L. Moberg Launching Antibiotic Age 32 Here is a photograph of Fleming's famous plate, the essentials being a staphylococcal plate culture contaminated by a fungus. plate cylinder n. Printing a cylinder to which plates are attached in a rotary printing press. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > cylinder > type or plate cylinder type-cylinder1839 plate cylinder1871 1871 A. Ure Dict. Arts II. 492 The ink is diffused upon the plate cylinder as before described. 1915 Southward's Mod. Printing (ed. 3) II. xxxiii. 281 Rotary lithographic machines work from zinc or aluminium plates carried on a plate cylinder. 1990 Brit. Printer Nov. 16/4 The 365 metres a minute Starflex also incorporates Robolift, which automatically changes the anilox rollers and plate cylinders. plate day n. the day of a race for a plate (sense 7). ΚΠ 1704 London Gaz. No. 4000/4 Galloways..to be kept in Ipswich..till the Plate-day. 1983 P. Gzowski Unbroken Line i. 41 For Mike the appeal of Plate Day was not so much the feature race..as the quality of the whole card. plate electrical machine n. now rare a machine for generating static electricity, in which a revolving plate of glass rubs against a cushion or between cushions, picking up an electric charge in the process. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > [noun] > electricity generated by friction > machine generating plate machine1775 friction-machine1802 plate electrical machine1849 1849 H. M. Noad Lect. Electr. (ed. 3) 25 The Plate Electrical Machine..consists of a circular plate of thick glass, revolving vertically by means of a winch between two uprights [etc.]. 1874 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. 473 The energy of the secondary induced current in effecting the combination or the decomposition of gases and vapours is much greater than that of the ordinary cylinder or plate electrical machine. 1973 W. D. Hackmann (title) The invention and development of the eighteenth century plate electrical machine. plate gauge n. a gauge consisting of a metal plate with notches of various widths cut along its edge. ΚΠ 1873 C. P. B. Shelley Workshop Appliances 22 A wire or plate gauge..is in fact a simple kind of contact measure, formed by cutting a series of parallel-sided notches of varying widths, round the edge of a small plate of steel. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 651/2 Plate gauge, a limit gauge or single external gauge formed by cutting slots of the required gauge width in a steel plate. 2000 Indian Business Insight (Nexis) 31 Dec. ESL is the only producer of coil gauges of 1.6-2.5 millimetres; plate gauges of 20 millimetres..and plates of more [than] 2,000 millimetres width. plate girder n. a girder formed of a plate or plates of iron or steel. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > beams or supports sillc897 sole-tree1527 spur1529 brace1530 rance1574 strut1587 ground pin1632 ground-plate1663 strut-beam1668 wale-piece1739 strutting-beam1753 wale1754 stretcher1774 tie1793 tie-beam1823 strutting1833 lattice frame1838 tie-bolt1838 tie rod1839 brace-rod1844 web1845 box girder1849 plate girder1849 lattice beam1850 lattice girder1852 girder1853 twister1875 under-girder1875 truss-beam1877 raker1880 wind-bracing1890 portal strut1894 stirrup1909 knee-brace1912 tee-beam1930 tee section1963 binder- 1849 W. Fairburn Acct. Constr. Britannia & Conway Tubular Bridges i. 176 Is there anything new in this application of wrought-iron plate girders? 1950 Engineering 8 Dec. 465/3 Mr. Dean, in his report on metal under-bridges, concluded that plate girders are the most economical and satisfactory form of construction for the main girders. 1992 New Civil Engineer 13 Feb. 12/2 The main structural members of the steel bridge are I-section riveted plate girders in pairs, one pair at each side of each carriageway. † plate-hat n. Obsolete a hat consisting of a coarse body covered with a layer of finer material. ΚΠ 1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 64/1 There are three descriptions or qualities of hats made of wool, viz. beaver-hats, plate-hats, and felt-hats. 1886 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. ii. 547/2 Plate-hat, a hat of which only the outer layer is fur. plate holder n. Photography a container in which photographic plates are stored to prevent exposure to light. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > parts and accessories of camera > [noun] > plate-holders or boxes dark box1839 plate holder1850 slide1856 repeating back1867 cassette1875 roller slide1877 kit1885 sheath1890 1850 Sci. Amer. 28 Sept. 14/2 I claim the daguerreotype plate holder, constructed substantially as herein described, of a block with a spring edge, by which the plate is secured to it. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1738/2 Inside frames..are used within the plate-holder for making small negatives. 2003 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 10 Dec. 46 This technique was offered first by Andre (Adolphe) Disderi in 1854 using a camera with more than one lens and a sliding plate holder that could produce eight or even ten different poses on the same plate. plate horse n. a racehorse which competes in races for plates (sense 7); cf. plater n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > racehorse > in specific kind of race plate horse1740 flat1811 mile-horse1829 steeplechaser1839 plater1859 all-ages1864 trace-mate1880 chaser1884 flat-racer1886 handicapper1890 miler1894 point-to-pointer1929 1740 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 466/1 The Spaniard was as much too nimble for her, as a Plate Horse for a Hackney Hobby. 1810 Sporting Mag. 36 158 He afterwards was a very capital plate horse. 2004 Toronto Sun (Nexis) 27 June (Sports section) 21 My most disappointing Plate horse was probably Steady Effort, which won the western derbies and in the Queen's Plate led until the 16 pole, then faded. † plate-jack n. [ < plate n. + jack n.¹] Obsolete a piece of body armour consisting of a sleeveless jacket plated with iron; (also) a coat of mail. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > body armour > [noun] > plate-coat or -jacket coatc1300 acton1328 jackc1380 haquetona1400 jazeranta1400 coat of fence1490 halkrig1516 plate-coat1521 coat-armour1603 coat of arms1613 plate-jackc1720 jacket1916 flak jacket1956 c1720 Bewick & Graham xxii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1890) IV. vii. 147/1 He put on his back a good plate-jack, And on his head a cap of steel. 1800 W. Scott Eve St. John 2 His platejack was brac'd, and his helmet was lac'd. † plate kiln n. Obsolete rare a form of malt-kiln. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > malting > [noun] > kiln oastOE malt-kiln1538 malting kiln1641 east1669 plate kiln1738 cockle oast1743 hop-kiln1784 hop-oast1818 cockle stove1877 sirocco1890 1738 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer III. iii. 9 The Plate Kiln, and the Tyle Kiln, which are full of small Holes, were invented to dry brown Malts, and to save Charges. † plate-knee n. Shipbuilding Obsolete an angled metal plate used for bolting beams, etc., together. ΚΠ 1839 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 290/2 Robert's plate-knee is a very strong method of fastening [a beam-end to the side of a ship]. 1877 W. H. White Man. Naval Archit. ix. 359 Sometimes deep plate-knees are fitted below a few of the beams in iron ships. † plate-lace n. Obsolete silver or gold lace. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > lace > made from specific materials > gold or silver bisset1561 plate-lace1585 orris1594 orris workc1710 1585 in J. Arnold Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd (1988) 276/1 By the Countes of Shrewesbury A gowne of Tawny wrought vellatt satten ground bound Aboute with a plate Lace of venis gold and Sylver. a1666 R. Fanshawe tr. A. Hurtado de Mendoza Fiestas de Aranjuez 14 in tr. A. Hurtado de Mendoza Querer por solo Querer (1670) A short Petticoat and Kirtle of massie Tissue with Plate-Lace. 1695 tr. M. Misson New Voy. Italy I. 73 The Husband was in Black Cloaths, with a Cloak over-laid with Lace, a great Ruff, and a little Crown of Gold Plate-Lace above his Peruke. plate lap n. Shipbuilding any of the overlapping plates covering the sides of a ship. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > plating > overlap plate lap1874 1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 285 In setting off the rivet holes in the frame angle-irons, when building by the Clyde system, a batten is bent to the curvature of the frame on the scrive board,..and the positions of the plate laps, etc., are set off upon it; after this the distances between the laps are divided so as to have a spacing of rivets about eight diameters apart. 1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 62 The plate-laps, ribbands, stringers, and deck-beams. 1959 L. E. Brownell & E. H. Young Process Equipm. Design: Vessel Design iv. 58/2 No more than three plate laps should be located within 12 in. of each other or of the shell. 2008 H. A. Youssef & H. El-Hofy Machining Technol. iii. 151 Hand rubbing of a flat WP on a plate lap charged with an abrasive compound is the simplest method of flat lapping. † plate-lead n. Weaving Obsolete = platine n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > weight platine1688 plate-lead1782 1782 Encycl. Brit. IX. 6711/1 The high-lisses, or lists, are a number of long threads, with platines, or plate-leads, at the bottom. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 230/1 The plate-leads, or platines, are flat pieces of lead, of about six inches long, and three or four inches broad at the top, but round at the bottom; some use black slates instead of them: their use is to pull down those lisses which the workman had raised by the treddle, after his foot is taken off. † plate-leather n. Obsolete leather used to polish silver plate, etc. ΚΠ 1819 Liverpool Mercury 9 July 9/3 (advt.) Fine Plate Leather. 1849 Servants' Mag. 12 83 Locks and finger plates are lackered, in which case you must rub them with a soft piece of plate leather. 1893 Cornhill Mag. Oct. 391 Thomson retires to the pantry and wipes his eyes on the plate-leather. 1900 Macmillan's Mag. Oct. 450/1 The energy which uses so willingly the rag and the oil-can, might surely be diverted occasionally to the dusting-brush and the plate-leather. plate line n. = plate-mark n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > intaglio printing > [noun] > a print > plate-mark plate-mark1889 plate line1931 1931 A. Esdaile Student's Man. Bibliogr. v. 151 All intaglio engravings will show a ‘plate-line’; the paper which is pressed by the plate is smooth and sunk, while beyond the edge of the plate it keeps its natural surface; the resulting line is called the plate-line. 1961 T. Landau Encycl. Librarianship (ed. 2) 281/1 Plate line, a characteristic mark in intaglio printing, especially of engravings, due to the great pressure exerted by the engraving press on the paper. plate-lock n. (a) a lock with a wooden outer case, usually used on outside doors; (b) a lock in which the works are mounted on an iron plate. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > lock > lock in a case plate-lock1349 plat-lock1349 stock-lock1365 box1731 1349 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer 471/3 m.13 (MED) Pro emendacione j plateloke et pro j noua claue. 1385 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1882) I. 236 (MED) Item, recepit de Ricardo Flecher pro uno platelok, x d. 1485 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 29 Ther is, for the postern gate, a plate locke with a bolte, yryn, & ij keyes. Also v plate lockes with v cleket keyes. 1663–4 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 125 One plate locke for a woodhole. 1701 in W. M. Myddelton Chirk Castle Accts. (1931) II. 18 July 322 2 plate locks for 2 Clossetts. 1891 Notes & Queries 7th Ser. 11 313/2 Plate lock is still the trade term in Wolverhampton and elsewhere for a stock lock, i.e., a lock of which the outer case is wood, usually oak. 1985 Western Polit. Q. 38 330 When it [sc. Wolverhampton Platelock Workers' Cooperative] is subject to below cost price-cutting by the capitalist platelock producers, Mill comes to its defense. 2017 T. L. Norman Electronic Access Control iii. 53 All magnetic locks are fail safe and come in one of two varieties: plate locks and shear locks. Plate locks place the steel plate on the vertical surface of the door. plate machine n. †(a) = plate electrical machine n. (now historical and rare); (b) a machine for moulding items (rare). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > [noun] > electricity generated by friction > machine generating plate machine1775 friction-machine1802 plate electrical machine1849 1775 J. Priestley Hist. & Present State Electr. (ed. 3) Index Ramsden, Mr. his plate machine, 487. 1789 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 79 269 Plate machines do not collect more electricity than cylinders..do with half the rubbed surface. c1865 J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 179/1 A seven-feet plate machine..will..charge thirty jars. 1899 Metal Worker 13 May 38/1 Under the Second head we might possibly class the machine as a draw or stripping plate machine, which by the movement of a lever drops the patterns from the mold, they being rammed in the usual way by hand. 1907 N.E.D. at Plate sb. Plate machine..a variation of the potter's wheel adapted for making table-ware, plates, dishes, etc. 2003 M. B. Schiffer Draw Lightning Down iii. 53 Not only did a plate machine sometimes arc, and lose charge to ground, but cushion adjustment was critical. plate matter n. Printing (now historical) newspaper text on a stereotype plate ready for printing, used by central news agencies, etc., to supply finished articles to local journals. ΘΚΠ society > communication > journalism > journal > matter of or for journals > [noun] > stereotype or syndicated matter patent outsides1871 patent insides1879 plate matter1881 boilerplate1884 1881 Fort Madison (Iowa) Democrat 10 Aug. ‘Fair Play’ calls it the ‘Chicago’ P. D. [i.e. Plain Dealer] on account of its being stuffed each week with from fifteen to twenty columns of stale plate matter from Chicago. 1907 J. L. Given Making Newspaper 230 Plate matter is a boon to the country editor. 1943 H. Johnson Other Side Main Street ix. 104 This sketch, besides appearing in the Pioneer Press, went on the wires of the Associated Press and was furnished as plate matter to numerous smalltown newspapers. 1960 G. Myers Hist. Bigotry xvii. 172 Aside from news items chosen or doctored to suit the purpose, the main contents were columns of ‘plate’ matter defaming the Catholic church and its prelates. plate metal n. (a) iron run off from a refinery and allowed to set in moulds, to be broken up and remelted for use; †(b) = plate pewter n. (obsolete); (c) metal in the form of plate (sense 8c). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > pewter > types of lay metalc1480 plate metal1668 plate pewter1828 trifle1839 trifle-pewter1875 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > cast metal > from large moulds plate metal1831 1668–9 in C. Welch Hist. Worshipful Co. Pewterers (1902) II. 140 It is..agreed..that..every person that taketh Hollow-ware of any workman & returneth not him for the same ¹/ ₂ plate mettle and ¹/ ₂ London Trifles, shall pay unto such workman [etc.]. 1797 J. Walker Elem. Geogr. (ed. 3) ii. 112 Pewter may be distinguished under three kinds; namely, plate-metal, trifling, and ley. 1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 84 The quantity of plate metal put into the furnace at once varies, according to circumstances. 1884 W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron xiii. 245 The plate of fine metal, refined iron, plate metal, or simply metal, as the product of the refinery is variously called. 2004 Countryside & Small Stock Jrnl. (Nexis) 1 July 37 A sheet of plate metal..is under the end where the fire is built, to prevent the bottom of the tank from burning out. plate mill n. a mill for rolling metal plates. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with metal > [noun] > rolling-mill rolling mill1616 plate mill1671 steel mill1858 roller shop1859 lead-mill1863 sheet-mill1884 1671 J. H. Schroter Minute 9 Nov. in T. Birch Hist. Royal Soc. (1756) II. 489 Copper, which is either beaten thin, or by a plate-mill is brought to that thinness. 1780 Farmer's Mag. Dec. 360 Plate-mills, rag and paper-mills, are not tythable. 1867 Engineering 4 Jan. 1/2 In the reversing plate mill at the London and North-Western Steel Works..the reversal of the motion of the rolls is effected by reversing the..engines. 2004 Gazette (Montreal) (Nexis) 30 July (Business section) 1 Stelco closed a 200-worker plate mill in Hamilton and a 175-worker pipe mill in Welland last year. † plate mundic n. Mineralogy (English regional (Cornwall)) Obsolete = arsenopyrite n. at arseno- comb. form 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > [noun] > other arsenides plate mundic1758 placodine1854 placodite1886 maucherite1913 westerveldite1972 1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall xii. 136 The yellow-mundic was most active, as consisting of more salt than the plate-mundic, but the brown-mundic has more salt still than the yellow. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XII. 126/1 Iron..mixed... With arsenic; called mispickel by the Germans, and plate mundic in Cornwall. plate nail n. a nail used for fastening plates (in various senses). ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > track > parts and fittings of rails string-piece1789 carriage1816 chair1816 pedestal1816 surface plate1822 web1835 frog1837 switch-bar1837 snake-head1845 fish1847 fish-joint1849 plate nail1849 fishing-key1852 fish-plate1855 joint-chair1856 rail chair1864 railhead1868 lead1871 fish-bar1872 splice-piece1875 fish-plating1881 splice-jointa1884 splice-bar1894 1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 39 Plate Nails, used, in laying tramway, to nail the plates to the sleepers. 1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words (at cited word) A plate-nail is driven through a hole in the plate, which is countersunk to receive the head of the nail. 1935 H. Heslop Last Cage Down i. i. 10 He banged the roof and coal face. He gave Jim Cameron four plate nails. 1999 Mother Earth News June–July 60 The roof is made from trusses (prefabbed on-site), and complex joints are made using 2 x 4-sized metal construction plates fastened with fat plate nails or short deck screws. † plate-of-wind n. Obsolete rare a narrow aperture in the mouth of an organ pipe angled to direct the flow of air over the lip. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun] > pipe > other parts of pipes tongue1551 mouth1727 lip1728 reed1728 wind-cuttera1834 labium1847 beak1852 beard1852 underlip1852 wedge1852 body tube1854 plate-of-wind1875 wind-way1875 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1738/2 Plate-of-wind, in the construction of organ-pipes, a thin aperture whence a sheet of air issues, impinging upon the lip of the mouth and receiving a vibration which is imparted to the column of air in the pipe. plate painter n. a person who paints decorative designs on china, etc. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > decoration of china > [noun] > painting > painter paintress1825 vase-painter1832 plate painter1875 hausmaler1935 1875 W. Cory Lett. & Jrnls. (1897) 379 Do not Minton's plate-painters enjoy the same freedom of invention as middle-age stone-carvers? 2000 Providence (Rhode Island) Jrnl.-Bull. (Nexis) 19 Mar. 9 c Mrs. Boeglin had worked as a plate painter at the former Atlantic Engraving, West Warwick. plate paper n. a fine absorbent paper on which engravings are printed. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > [noun] > material for printing on India paper1749 India paper proof1814 plate paper1818 1818 M. Faraday Let. 8 Oct. in Corr. (1991) I. 168 One thousand grains of French Plate Paper. 1879 Printing Trades Jrnl. xxix. 6 Printed on superfine plate-paper. 1996 Record (Bergen County, New Jersey) (Nexis) 12 Apr. 21 In addition to the original art, the collection includes hundreds of original wood engraving prints on plate paper and Japanese paper. plate pewter n. a high-grade, hard type of pewter, used especially for plates and dishes. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > pewter > types of lay metalc1480 plate metal1668 plate pewter1828 trifle1839 trifle-pewter1875 1828 S. F. Gray Operative Chemist 632 Plate pewter, used for dishes and plates; this is the best kind, and contains the smallest quantity of other metals added to the tin. 1884 Knight's New Amer. Mech. Dict. 1677/1 The plate-pewter has, tin, 100; antimony, 8; bismuth, 2; copper, 2. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 339/1 Plate pewter (100 parts of tin, 8 of antimony, 4 of copper and 4 of bismuth). 1934 Pop. Mech. Dec. 955/1 A word about the proper metals for spinning: Pewter is ideal; either No. 1 (plate pewter) or No. 2 (triple pewter). 2005 N. Shopland Archaeol. Finds i. 28 High-grade pewter, known as hard or plate pewter contained copper and was lead-free. Cheaper pewter was high in lead. plate pie n. chiefly British a pie with a pastry base and crust. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > pastry > pie > [noun] > other pies crustade?c1390 flampointc1390 custardc1450 standing pie1587 pudding pie1593 French pie1611 pirog1662 battalia pie1664 tourte1706 custard pie1729 raised pie1740 sea-pie1751 cream pie1816 pot-pie1823 scrap-pie1829 resurrection pie1831 chess pie1860 Washington pie1878 milk tart1896 angel pie1923 chiffon pie1929 melktert1938 plate pie1946 banoffi pie1974 banoffi1994 1946 F. M. McNeill Recipes from Scotl. 13 A plate-pie, i.e., with pastry above and below the filling. 2004 Evening Standard (Nexis) 23 July 29 Chipolatas with a veal chop, steak-and-kidney plate pie, and steamed treacle pudding are not obvious dishes for a posh West End hotel restaurant. † plate-piece of eight n. Obsolete a piece of eight. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Spanish coins > silver > Spanish dollar royal of plate1559 piastre1592 rial of eight1598 piece of eight1606 royal of eight1606 real of eight1612 rial1640 plate-piece of eight1680 cob1681 cross-dollar1689 duro1777 1680 W. Temple Ess. Advancem. Trade Ireland in Miscellanea iii. 104 In 1663, when the Plate-pieces of Eight were raised three pence in the piece. a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 126 Weighty Plate pieces, together with Ducatoons, which estimate to be three quarters of the Money now currant in Ireland; do already pass at proportionable Rates.] plate powder n. a powder used to polish silverware. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > polishing > [noun] > polish > types of pumice1422 emery1481 foam of copperas1538 pumex1589 emery-stone1610 smiris1610 putty1663 rottenstone1677 tutty1731 French rouge?1745 rotstone1767 plate powder1786 emery-powder18.. rouge1808 waxing1825 black lead1830 tin-putty1839 red stuff1844 stove-polish1858 crocusa1861 crocus-powder1873 furniture cream1873 grit-emery1884 silver polish1895 Ronuk1896 Brasso1905 floor polish1907 lavender cream1926 lavender polish1961 lavender wax1970 1786 J. Woodforde Diary 24 Apr. (1926) II. 241 For some plate Powder at Chases p^d 0. 1. 0. 1883 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 585/1 A plate-powder is..sometimes made by levigating quicksilver with twelve times its weight of prepared chalk [etc.]. 2003 Advertiser (Adelaide) (Nexis) 17 Dec. 93 Mix two teaspoons of plate powder, two dessertspoons of cloudy ammonia and 1 1/2 cups of warm water. Soak a flannelette cloth in this mixture until it completely absorbs the liquid. Leave to dry, then clean the jewellery. plate printer n. a printer who prints from intaglio plates. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printer > [noun] > printer using specific system glyphographer1843 plate printer1847 process worker1885 process engraver1892 1847 Times 24 Apr. 8/2 The defendant stipulated to give the plaintiff 80l. for the plate, which she ordered to be sent to Mr. Hawkins, a plate printer, in order that a proof on India paper might be struck off. 1909 Daily Chron. 13 Aug. 1/4 Robert Girling Norman, aged 31, a plate printer. 2004 Star-Telegram (Fort Worth, Texas) (Nexis) 26 Apr. 1 a Johnson works as a plate printer at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing's Western Currency Facility in far north Fort Worth. plate rack n. a rack or frame in which plates are placed to drain, or in which they are usually stored; (also) a closed cupboard in which plates are kept, esp. on a ship. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > table-vessels > dish or plate > rack for storing or draining plate rack1689 1689 Brechin Test. VII. f. 211, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Ane plaitt rack or carier, ix s. 1785 G. Cartwright Jrnl. 23 Oct. (1792) III. vi. 87 Mr. Collingham fixed the plate-rack in the kitchen. 1862 C. P. Smyth Three Cities in Russia II. 140 Furnished in the corners with towering plate-racks, holding a number of gold and silver dishes. 1990 Ideal Home Apr. 180/4 (advt.) Our handmade plate racks and shelf units will add a touch of old country charm. plate rail n. (a) a flat rail with a raised flange, as used in a plate railway (= sense 20); (also) a flat metal strip fixed to the top of a wooden rail; (b) a rail or narrow shelf, either part of a piece of furniture or, more usually, attached high up on the walls of a room, on which ornamental plates and other items can be displayed. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] > laid with rails > rail rail?1608 turn-plate1797 gully1800 plate rail1801 plate1807 tram-plate1807 tramway plate1825 track-rail1877 1801 Times 23 Sept. 4/2 (advt.) The Genteel Household Furniture..and various other Effects; comprising..a capital set of mahogany dining tables, a ditto sideboard table with plate rail and standards, [etc.]. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 644 Bars of cast iron..known..by the denomination of the plate-rail, tramway plate, barrow-way plate. 1872 J. B. Jorvis Railway Prop. 157 The track..was..in good order, probably as smooth at the time referred to as any railway; it was a flat bar or plate rail, laid on southern pine rail timbers well secured. 1911 Sandusky (Ohio) Reg. 20 Sept. 4/6 Our house money is kept in the cracked teapot on the platerail in the dining room. 1961 T. K. Derry & T. I. Williams Short Hist. Technol. 378 A broad plate-rail with a vertical flange on the inner side to hold plain wagon-wheels in position was the most usual, having the advantage that it did not debar the wagons which ran on it from running along the public highway as well. 2003 Standard (St. Catharines, Ont.) (Nexis) 31 Jan. 3 The cabinets..have interior lighting, so the contents are easily seen. They will have a plate rail carved either into the wood at the back, or onto the glass shelf. plate railway n. an early form of railway in which the wagons run with flat wheels on flanged plates (sense 20). ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] > laid with rails railway1681 railroad1757 plate railway1825 plateway1825 road railway1850 strap road1861 strap railroad1909 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 644 Bars of cast iron..known..by the denomination of the plate-rail, tramway plate, barrow-way plate... The first we shall distinguish by the name of the edge railway; the second, by that of the plate railway. 1853 E. C. Seaman Ess. Progress Nations 503 The plate railway, or Tramway of cast iron, came into use in the collieries of the north of England about the year 1770. 1999 Copley News Service (Nexis) 25 Oct. The engineer on the crude plate railway yanks on a long lever to start the creaking old gear engine into motion. † plate-rand n. [ < plate n. + rand n.¹ 2a] English regional (Northamptonshire) Obsolete a thin cut from a brisket of beef (cf. sense 23). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > beef > [noun] > other cuts or parts tild1342 ox foota1398 oxtaila1425 neat's foot?c1450 beef-flick1462 sticking piece1469 ox-tonguea1475 aitch-bone1486 fore-crop?1523 sirloin1525 mouse-piece1530 ox-cheek1592 neat's tongue1600 clod1601 sticking place1601 skink1631 neck beef1640 round1660 ox-heart1677 runner1688 sticking draught1688 brisket-beef1697 griskin1699 sey1719 chuck1723 shin1736 gravy beef1747 baron of beef1755 prime rib1759 rump and dozen1778 mouse buttock1818 slifta1825 nine holes1825 spauld-piece1828 trembling-piece1833 shoulder-lyar1844 butt1845 plate1854 plate-rand1854 undercut1859 silver-side1861 bed1864 wing rib1883 roll1884 strip-loin1884 hind1892 topside1896 rib-eye1926 buttock meat1966 onglet1982 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words II. 121 Plate-rand, the flat ribs of beef. plate rock n. Mining (now rare) = sense 19. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > shale metal1672 shale1747 shillet1777 plate1794 skerry1844 plate-shale1881 plate rock1893 1893 C. D. Wright Phosphate Industr. U.S. (6th Special Rep. Comm. of Labor) i. 41 Plate rock is more circumscribed than the other deposits, is more accessible, and has been more thoroughly exploited. 1913 E. H. Sellards Origin Hard Rock Phosphate Deposits Florida in 5th Ann. Rep. Florida Geol. Surv. 62 The plate rock deposits represent a peculiar phase of the hard rock formation. It seems probable that the plate rock represents, in part at least, fragments of boulders that have disintegrated. 2005 D. S. Hammond Trop. Forests Guiana Shield ii. 15/2 The South American plate abruptly ends off the western Pacific coast along the ‘trailing’ boundary of the plate where the giant Pacific plate rock moves beneath, or subducts the South American plate. plate roll n. a roller for rolling metal plates or sheets. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > rolling equipment > roller or set of roll1410 breaking-down rollers1839 planishing roller1839 plate roll1861 stand1873 bending rolls1874 1861 W. Fairbairn Iron 111 The cylindrical part B, for plate-rolls should be slightly concave. 1930 Engineering 7 Nov. 579/2 (heading) Plate-roll finishing machine. 1991 Ships Monthly Apr. 20/2 Technical appendices..include a valuable note on the tools used in iron shipbuilding in 1842, plate rolls, piercing and shearing machines, a radial drill and the hand ratchet drill. plate room n. (a) a room for keeping plate (sense 2a); (b) a safe or locked room where a printer's plates are stored. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printing trade > [noun] > printing establishment > rooms in printing establishment press room1683 composing-room1737 plate room1767 machine room1833 caseroom1834 plate-safe1888 the mind > possession > supply > storage > [noun] > place where anything is or may be stored > store-room > specific store-loft1612 plate room1767 napery1819 box room1820 locker room1870 store-shed1879 the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > place for keeping tableware sculleryc1440 eweryc1460 silver scullery1686 butler's pantry1721 pewtery1864 plate room1931 1767 J. Paine Plans Noblemen & Gentlemen's Houses 10 Near the back stairs is the butler's pantry, c; within it is a plate room, f. 1873 A. Trollope Eustace Diamonds I. xvii. 225 Lady Eustace had found all the family jewels belonging to the Eustace family in the strong plate room at Portray Castle. 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 710/1 The plate-safe or plate-room is the repository of the stereo and electro plates. 1931 Notes & Queries 10 Oct. 262/2 The plate-room..is a strong steel and fireproof apartment. 2004 Gold Coast Bull. (Austral.) (Nexis) 27 July The purpose-built 4000 sq. m. print centre consists of..a plate room, storage facilities and mezzanine level plant room. † plate-safe n. Obsolete = plate room n. (b). ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printing trade > [noun] > printing establishment > rooms in printing establishment press room1683 composing-room1737 plate room1767 machine room1833 caseroom1834 plate-safe1888 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 710/1 The plate-safe or plate-room is the repository of the stereo and electro plates. † plate-shale n. Mining Obsolete = sense 19. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > shale metal1672 shale1747 shillet1777 plate1794 skerry1844 plate-shale1881 plate rock1893 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 164 Plate-shale, a hard argillaceous bed. plate shears n. strong hand-shears for cutting sheets of metal; (also) a mechanical cutter for thick metal plates. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > cutting equipment plate shears1599 cropping shears1873 crocodile shears1884 tinsnips1944 tinmen's snips1950 society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > shears or scissors > [noun] > types of plate shears1599 stock-shears1688 right1846 snips1846 cropping shears1873 crocodile shears1884 kitchen scissors1907 tinsnips1944 tinmen's snips1950 society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > cutting equipment > machines slitting-mill?1677 slit-mill1776 shear1845 nail cutter1851 plate shears1861 bar-cutter1874 paper cutter1880 guillotine1881 croppera1884 guillotine shears1884 nibbler1939 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 112/1 With a greate payre of platesheares cut the same of such a longitude as you desire to have it. 1861 W. Fairbairn Iron 116 Before the introduction of the plate shears, they were used to cut boiler plates. 1899 Atlantic Monthly Nov. 672/1 The bow of the McGuire, raking the Annie Rosey from the counter forward to the bitts, lopped off her rail as plate shears bite through sheathing. 2003 Canad. Machinery & Metalworking (Nexis) July 43 The Beyeler Group, a European manufacturer and supplier of press brakes and plate shears. plate ship n. a vessel carrying silver, esp. a Spanish ship of the plate fleet (plate fleet n.). ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > trading vessel > cargo vessel > [noun] > carrying ore or metal tinman1611 plate ship1624 assogue1692 ore-carrier1853 1624 Weekely Newes No. 7. (title) The Hollanders fortunately meeting with one of the King of Spaines Plate Ships comming from the West-Indies the which in a short time they ouercame and tooke. 1884 Sat. Rev. 14 June 770/2 The Spanish Government also might..sell a concession to raise the plate-ships sunk in Vigo Bay. 1989 R. L. O'Connell Of Arms & Men viii. 138 ‘El Draque’ became virtually the devil incarnate to Spaniards who plied the seas, intercepting plate ship after plate ship and even further disrupting the staggering Iberian economy. plate-shy adj. Baseball afraid to stand close to the plate (sense 24) when batting. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > baseball player > [adjective] > qualities of player plate-shy1912 fireballing1932 switch-hitting1938 1912 C. Mathewson Pitching in Pinch iv. 90 For a long time, ‘Josh’ Devore, the Giant's left-fielder was ‘plate shy’ with left-handers—that is, he stepped away. 1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §677/37 Plate-shy, afraid to stand close to the plate. 1999 N.Y. Post (Sunday ed.) (Nexis) 15 Aug. 106 You were hit in the head by Jake Moody in Chicago. You couldn't move your neck on the pillow without pain for a week. Such accidents make most guys plate-shy. plate silver n. now rare silver plate. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > gilding and silvering > [noun] > coating with silver > silver leaf or plate silver-foil1439 silver plate1526 leaf silvera1577 plate silver1648 silver-leaf1728 1648 King Charles I Five Severall Papers 2 Coach-man, with new suites laid with broad plate silver lace, two in a Seame. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 20 [It] sticks to the surface of plate silver and tarnishes it. 1862 Sci. Amer. 19 July 41/3 A silver scabbard is made by hammering rolled plate silver upon an iron mandrel of the proper form, and thus the plain sheath is produced. 1938 R. T. Ely Ground under our Feet i. 17 Since our means were limited my mother bought some plate silver. Father was greatly troubled because he felt that plate silver was ostentatious. plate tracery n. Architecture medieval tracery carved in solid masonry, esp. in the stone surround above a window. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > tracery > types of stump tracery1835 wheel1835 geometrical tracery1849 plate tracery1850 fanning1851 bar-tracery1861 wheel-tracery1913 mouchette1927 1850 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. 485 Hence this kind of tracery has been termed plate tracery by Professor Willis. 1867 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) iii. iii. 958 The only tracery which can be properly executed in brick is in fact the simplest plate tracery. 1998 R. G. Calkins Medieval Archit. in Western Europe xiv. 204 Large circular rose windows of plate tracery, approximately fifteen feet in diameter, surmount the lancets. plateway n. a railway, tramway, etc., with plates (sense 20) for rails. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road laid with parallel planks, slabs, or rails > [noun] > laid with rails railway1681 railroad1757 plate railway1825 plateway1825 road railway1850 strap road1861 strap railroad1909 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 547 The bars or plates of metal of which railways and plate-ways are composed. 1882 Society 28 Oct. 8/2 Liverpool..is for constructing a special and novel form of a road called a ‘plateway’, along which lorries and ordinary carts may be drawn in a string by a traction engine or by horses. 2003 G. Biddle Britain's Hist. Railway Buildings 317/2 A length of cast-iron plateway..runs alongside a section of the Shropshire canal. plate wheel n. now rare a wheel in which the hub is connected to the rim by a plate, instead of by spokes. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > with plate instead of spokes plate wheel1835 web-wheel1875 1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 275 The axis of the plate-wheel lies in a curvilinear slot. 1884 W. S. B. McLaren Spinning Woollen & Worsted (ed. 2) 139 The bottom cone is in gear..with the main wheel of the differential motion called the ‘crown wheel’, or sometimes the ‘plate wheel’. 2002 Federal Document Clearing House Congress. Testimony (Nexis) 10 July Research in the 1980s demonstrated conclusively that discoloration in the newer heat-treated, curved plate wheels did not portend failure. plate-worker n. now historical (a) a person who works with gold or silver; (b) a person who works with sheet metal. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > worker in gold or silver plate-worker1662 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > maker or fitter of plates plater1863 plate-worker1906 1662 in J. S. Howse Index Probate Rec. Court Archdeacon Berks. (1975) II. 93 John Maynard, plate-worker, Reading. 1773 in Reliquary Jan. 26 An Account of the Number of Goldsmiths, Silversmiths, and Plateworkers,..within the Town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 1906 Athenæum 20 Jan. 70/3 The Wire-workers, who were closely associated, if not indeed identical, with the Plate-workers, appear to have remained..a branch of the Girdlers' Company at least as late as..1685. 2000 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 23 June c4 Murray James of the Silver Shop in Dunbar says this is one of the earlier pieces made by English plateworkers Richard Martin and Ebenezer Hall. Derivatives ˈplate-like adj. ΚΠ 1673 M. Lister Let. 4 Nov. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1975) X. 330 That plate stone wch is most common in these Rockes..is sexangular..; some are much thicker than others; some being as thick as broad, but most are plate-like. 1862 G. P. Scrope Volcanos (ed. 2) 139 Thin plate-like crystals of felspar. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 28 Feb. 3/2 The other very low and broad plate-like hats of the Louis Quinze and Louis Seize periods. 1992 M. Schaffer-Fehre tr. S. Schaal & W. Ziegler Messel iii. 20 (caption) The lowest part consists of the mineral neomesselite, which has a delicate laminar or platelike structure. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). platev. Brit. /pleɪt/, U.S. /pleɪt/ Forms: see plate n. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: plate n. Etymology: < plate n. Compare Old French (Picardy) plater ( c1290; not recorded in Middle French), post-classical Latin platare (1283, 1386 in British sources), Middle Dutch plāten (Dutch †platen ), all in sense 1a, and also Middle Low German plāten (rare) to mend a ploughshare by covering it with a metal plate.The existence of an unattested Old English verb *platian to make or beat into thin plates (compare sense 4; < post-classical Latin plata : see plate n.) is probably implied by the attested adjectives geplatod (see plated adj.) and aplatod (see below), both in sense ‘(of gold) beaten into thin plate’, and the noun platung thin sheet of gold, gold leaf (see plating n.); compare:OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 182 Obrizum : nitidum, aplatad.OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 283 Obrizo : aplatedum. In sense 11 probably < plate (noun) act of oral sex, short for plate of ham , rhyming slang for gam (noun), short for gamahuche (noun) < gamahuche v.: see P. Beale Partridge's Dict. Slang (ed. 8, 1984) 895/1. 1. a. transitive. To cover or overlay with plates of metal, for ornament, protection, or strength. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > coat or cover with metal couch14.. platec1425 bush1566 gild1611 sheathe1615 water1637 tincture1670 laminate1697 wash1792 replate1796 rebush1864 electro1891 metallize1911 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > build a ship [verb (transitive)] > fit out or equip > furnish with armour-plating cuirass1863 plate1863 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 5630 (MED) Al þe rofe and closure enviroun Was of fyn gold, platid vp & doun. c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame 1345 Every wal..Was plated half a foote thikke Of gold. a1500 in Antiquary (1897) 33 212 (MED) [A pax of] tre plated wt copr overgilded, wt a crucifix in the midst. 1533 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 81 Ane harnes doublat, platit upoun the gardeis. 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 60 The Riuers plated with their siluer-streames..may much cheere and glad thy heart. 1673 J. Ogilby tr. J. Nieuhof Embassy E.-India Company (ed. 2) I. ii. 75 There are thirteen Gates in this Wall, whose Doors are plated with Iron, and guarded continually with Horse and Foot. 1692 O. Walker Greek & Rom. Hist. i. x. 157 Those of better Quality had Breast-plates, which were either like Coats of Mail, or plated like ours. 1723 J. Hughes Rape of Proserpine i. 15 The spacious Door, With Sheets of stubborn Steel was plated o'er. 1735 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. V. 45 The Cestus was a kind of gauntlet or glove, made of straps of leather, and plated with brass, lead, or iron. 1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 95 They are to be dovetailed and plaited with half flat Bar-iron. 1845 S. Judd Margaret i. xiii. 92 An iron helmet with a visor covered his head and face, his breast was plated with iron. 1863 Sci. Amer. 24 Jan. 551/2 A letter from an officer on board the United States steamer Bibb, off Charleston, says Fort Sumter has been plated with railroad iron. 1977 A. Carter Passion of New Eve 6 The wall of my cubicle at school had been plated with her photographs. 1992 Model Railways Mar. 143/3 The draughty corridor connections are being removed and plated over. b. transitive. Surgery. To treat (a fracture) by fixing the fractured parts together with a metal plate; to attach a plate to (a bone). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > treatments uniting or replacing parts > unite or replace parts [verb (transitive)] > set bones or dislocations > plate plate1910 1910 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 8 Oct. 1064/2 It..did the progress of surgery a disservice to suggest that to plate a fracture was a matter lightly to be undertaken. 1948 F. W. Holdsworth in Brit. Surg. Pract. IV. 192 Internal fixation is, therefore, advisable by plating the fracture of the radius with a 4-screwed vitallium plate. 1959 A. G. Apley Syst. Orthopaedics & Fractures xxi. 256 If closed reduction of a radius and ulna has failed..the bones should..be plated. 1992 Independent 28 Oct. 4/7 Surgeons had to reconnect tendons, nerves, arteries and veins and plate broken bones in the complex operation. 2. transitive. To shoe (a horse); esp. to fit (a racehorse) with light shoes for racing. Cf. plate n. 15. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > shoeing of horses > shoe [verb (transitive)] > with specific type of shoe frost1572 plate1674 pick1893 sharp-shoe1962 1674 in Hist. MSS Comm.: MSS Duke of Rutland (1905) IV. 551 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 2606) LXIII. 301 Francis Smith's charges at Lenton, for plateing Robin, 1s. 1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia (1769) II. 440 We shall accurately search into..the true manner of plating horses, and of jockying, at these celebrated places. 1791 W. Taplin Gentleman's Stable Directory (new ed.) II. 142 I have never had a horse sustain the most trifling injury under the hands of the smith, nor ever a horse plated but what proved a winner. 1840 D. P. Blaine Encycl. Rural Sports §1237 Plate such horses as may have good sound feet..the evening prior to their running. 1930 Times 24 Mar. 4/2 It is almost impossible to tell by watching a horse walk in the parade ring whether he is plated, or whether he is carrying, to use a racing term, ‘the heavies’. 1983 Daily Tel. 20 May 18/1 Joe Kennedy, at 60 the most experienced blacksmith in Newmarket, who has plated Classic winners including Ballymoss in the St Leger. 3. a. transitive. To cover (something) with a thin coating of film of metal, esp. of gold or silver. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > coat or cover with metal > with specific metal tin1398 leadc1440 ironc1450 lay1472 copper1530 braze1552 silverize1605 foliate1665 plate1686 whiten1687 foil1714 blanch1729 quicken1738 amalgam1789 quick1790 aluminize1791 plate1791 zincify1801 platinize1825 resilver1832 galvanize1839 electroplate1843 zinc1843 electro-silver1851 platinate1858 electrotin1859 white-lead1863 palladiumize1864 white-metal1864 brassc1865 nickelize1865 nickel-plate1872 nickel1875 stopper1884 electro1891 sherardize1904 steel1911 stellite1934 flame-plate1954 steel-face1961 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > gilding and silvering > gild and silver [verb (transitive)] > plate (with gold or silver) plate1686 1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 8 Pieces of Five Sous..which were only Copper plated over [Fr. qui n'étoient que de cuivre argenté]. a1704 T. Brown Satire upon Quack in Wks. (1720) I. 70 The Beast was thinly plated with the Man. 1760 H. Walpole Let. 1 Sept. in Corr. (1941) IX. 295 One man there [sc. at Sheffield] has discovered the art of plating copper with silver. 1855 Mechanics' Mag. 7 July 4/1 A patent has recently been obtained..for an improved process for plating or coating lead, iron, or other metals with tin, nickel, or alumina. 1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar x. 111 The oars of the galleys of their [buccaneers'] commanders were plated with silver. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) IV. 531/2 Chromium plating is conducted from solutions containing chromic acid and sulfuric acid... For irregular shapes, auxiliary anodes must be used to plate the surface completely. 1991 Metalworking Production Sept. 81/4 Products are blasted, cleaned, plated with copper, blasted, plated again before the final finish is applied. b. transitive. To fix or deposit (a thin coating or film of metal) on or upon a surface; to deposit as a coating, esp. electrolytically. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > coat or cover with metal > with specific metal tin1398 leadc1440 ironc1450 lay1472 copper1530 braze1552 silverize1605 foliate1665 plate1686 whiten1687 foil1714 blanch1729 quicken1738 amalgam1789 quick1790 aluminize1791 plate1791 zincify1801 platinize1825 resilver1832 galvanize1839 electroplate1843 zinc1843 electro-silver1851 platinate1858 electrotin1859 white-lead1863 palladiumize1864 white-metal1864 brassc1865 nickelize1865 nickel-plate1872 nickel1875 stopper1884 electro1891 sherardize1904 steel1911 stellite1934 flame-plate1954 steel-face1961 1791 Philos. Trans. 1790 (Royal Soc.) 80 367 Among the manufactures at Birmingham, that of making vessels of silver plated on copper is a very considerable one. 1878 W. E. Gladstone Homer 134 We are told of the rare artificer, instructed by Hephaistos and Athenè, who plated gold upon silver, and so produced beautiful works. 1919 Rep. Progress Appl. Chem. IV. 255 Nickel can be plated directly on aluminium. 1959 T. M. Rogers Hand-bk. Pract. Electroplating 218 Nickel is normally plated from an acid solution. 1979 Sci. Amer. May 71 (advt.) Man has been plating chromium for over a century. 1992 Handgunning Jan. 70/2 Colt plated its nickel directly on the steel without the copper undercoating often used by other companies. †4. transitive. To make or beat (metal) into plates. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > other metalworking processes burnishc1325 rockc1400 leadc1440 braze1552 run1650 stratify1669 shingle1674 snarl1688 plate1706 bar1712 strake1778 shear1837 pile1839 matt1854 reek1869 bloom1875 siliconize1880 tumble1883 rustproof1886 detin1909 blank1914 anodize1931 roll1972 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Plate, to bring any Metal into Plates or thin Pieces. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Plate, to beat into laminæ or plates. 5. transitive. Biology and Medicine. To inoculate (cells or infective material) into or on to a culture plate, esp. with the object of purifying a particular strain of microorganisms or estimating viable cell numbers. Frequently with out. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [verb (transitive)] > using stains or dyes overstain1883 plate1892 counterstain1895 osmicate1905 polychrome1924 prime1943 sham-operate1963 tissue-type1968 perifuse1969 1892 A. C. Abbott Princ. Bacteriol. xviii. 181 Again, 0·25 c.c. of this dilution is plated and we find 180 colonies on the plate. 1901 Jrnl. Hygiene 1 202 In order to isolate the organisms, one c.c. of each of the liquid stools was diluted 1–10,000 and 1–100,000 with distilled water, and ¹/ ₁₀ c.c., ¹/ ₄ c.c., and ¹/ ₂ c.c. of these dilutions were plated out in gelatine. 1930 Syst. Bacteriol. (Med. Res. Council) I. ix. 354 Old cultures in ordinary broth often yield a considerable variety of colonies when plated on agar or gelatin. 1950 L. E. Hawker Physiol. Fungi ii. 43 If spores from a single pycnidium were plated out, they gave rise to both black and white colonies. 1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xiii. 748 Epithelial cells or fibroblasts plated on a dish in the presence of serum will adhere to the surface, spread out, and divide until a confluent monolayer is formed. 6. transitive. To fire (a shotgun) at a target plate to test the distribution of shot. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > produce or develop arms [verb (transitive)] > processes in gun-making > test prove1788 plate1904 test-fire1947 1904 Kynoch Jrnl. Oct.–Dec. 189 You can plate your gun with your favourite charge. 7. transitive. To provide (a book) with plates; to fix plates into (a book). ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > parts of book > [verb (transitive)] > provide with bookplate plate1906 1906 [implied in: Daily Chron. 10 Aug. 3/2 ‘Plating’..would appear to be the process of affixing the book-plate to the inside of the first cover of the volumes. (at plating n. 9)]. 1930 Publishers' Weekly 1 Mar. 1095/2 After the latter book had been punched and plated, one of our catalogers discovered that..it was an exact duplicate of the former. 1941 Amer. Speech 16 311 Verbs are made from nouns, for instance to plate.., to furnish with bookplates. 8. transitive. Printing. To make a stereotype, electrotype, or plastic cast of (a page of type, a set of type pages) for printing. Cf. plate n. 17d. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > type founding > [verb (transitive)] > make plate stereotype1804 stereoglyph1857 stereomould1857 plate1907 1907 N.E.D. (at cited word) Page 227 has been plated and the type distributed. 1936 H. L. Mencken Diary 23 May (1989) 94 While it is being sold I'll correct all the errors in the present text and the book will then be plated. 1941 R. Aldington Life for Life's Sake (front matter) 4 Set and plated by Westcott & Thomson, Inc. 9. Baseball. a. transitive. To enable (a player) to score; to enable (a run) to be scored. Also: to score (a run). ΚΠ 1918 Indianapolis Star 2 May 10/2 McCarty..hopped a single away from Northrop. Neither successful batsmen [sic] was plated. 1949 Nebraska State Jrnl. 5 May 17/8 He plated Bob Stewart on a single in the third and homered in the fifth. 1952 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 10 July 7/7 In the eighth the Cadillacs plated three more runs. 1971 Manitowoc (Wisconsin) Herald-Times 6 July ii. 1/6 Bob Murphy's bases loaded squeeze bunt plated the winning run just before the rain let loose. 2004 R. Bradford Chasing Steinbrenner x. 282 The double was subsequently followed by a Bernie Williams smash over the head of shortstop Nomar Garciaparra, plating Jeter and making it a two-run game. b. intransitive. To score a run. ΚΠ 1933 Newark (Ohio) Advocate & Amer. Tribune 28 July 10/1 Walrath drove in four runs and scored one other, while ‘Big Joe’ plated once and was responsible for sending three others across. 1948 Gaz. & Bull. (Williamsport, Pa.) 19 June 8/3 Ed Bachman slammed the first pitch down the left field foul line for a double and plated on Glenn Crawford's line-single into right. 1995 Mountain-Democrat (Placerville, Calif.) 3 Apr. b1/5 She plated when Kristen Cecil singled to right. 10. transitive. To put on a plate; to serve upon a plate. Also with up. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [verb (transitive)] > in specific manner servea1450 spoon1715 plate1953 1953 T. A. G. Hungerford Riverslake 198 He went up to the mess to plate the meat. 1977 Guernsey Weekly Press 21 July 2/8 Mr Nugent said that when the policemen arrived the meals were ready and plated. 1986 Sunday Express Mag. 6 Apr. 55/2 The days when she always plated up food according to the stringent dictates of nouvelle cuisine. 2003 Caterer & Hotelkeeper (Nexis) 13 Mar. (Food section) 32 The pork is soon plated up and sent out, duly followed by the roasted turbot. 11. transitive. slang. To practise fellatio or cunnilingus on. Also occasionally intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > oral sex > practise oral sex [verb (intransitive)] gamahuche1880 to go downc1895 Frenchc1928 gobble1928 suck1928 plate1961 to sit on a person's face1968 the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > oral sex > practise oral sex on or with [verb (transitive)] gamahuche?1788 to go downc1895 gam1910 eat1927 Frenchc1928 suck1928 plate1961 1961 E. Partridge Dict. Underworld Add. 807/1 Plate,..this and french, go down, nosh, are prostitutes' (esp. London) verbs, both transitive and, less commonly, intransitive, for ‘to gamâruche’ a man. 1969 J. Fabian & J. Byrne Groupie i. 10 I wondered whether I should plate him. I hadn't done much of that, but I knew guys on the scene liked it because Nigel had told me so. 1971 J. Mandelkau Buttons vii. 99 The various chapter prospects were showing everyone how well they could screw and plate her. 1987 K. Lette Girls' Night Out (1989) 91 I watched, immobilised by disgust, as he plated her. 12. transitive. To register (a goods vehicle) with transport authorities, so as to obtain an official plate detailing the maximum permitted gross weight and other specifications of the vehicle. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > testing, servicing, and storage of motor vehicles > test, service and store motor vehicles [verb (transitive)] > provide goods vehicle with regulation plate plate1968 1968 [implied in: Economist 27 Jan. 61/2 All three firms have had a couple of prosperous years recently, benefiting from the rapid transition from rigid lorries to articulated vehicles and by the introduction of ‘plating’ and other new inspection requirements. (at plating n. 13)]. 1970 Times 29 Jan. 26/6 All trailers manufactured before January 1 last year should have been tested and plated by the Ministry within 12 months. 1978 Taxi 16 Feb. 19/1 (advt.) For Sale: ‘J’ reg. auto. Just rebored. Excellent condition, plated till July. 1998 Transport News Aug. 58/2 The converted chassis has a design gvw of 20.4 tonnes, but is plated at 17 tonnes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1275v.c1425
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platen.

Compounds

Derivatives

platev.