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单词 plight
释义

plightn.1

Brit. /plʌɪt/, U.S. /plaɪt/
Forms:

α. Old English plyht, Old English–Middle English pliht, early Middle English pligt, early Middle English plihht ( Ormulum), Middle English pliȝht, Middle English pliȝt, Middle English plihte, Middle English plith, Middle English plyȝht, Middle English plyȝt, Middle English plyȝth, Middle English–1500s plyght, Middle English– plight, 1500s plyghte; also Scottish pre-1700 pleicht, pre-1700 plicht, pre-1700 plycht, pre-1700 plycth, pre-1700 plyght.

β. Middle English plit, Middle English plite, Middle English plyt, Middle English plyte.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian plicht care, responsibility, Middle Dutch plicht , plecht , plucht (also plichte , pluchte ) care, responsibility, community (Dutch plicht duty), Middle Low German plicht , plich duty, obligation, guilt, Old High German pfliht , fliht (Middle High German phliht , phlihte obligation, community, care, office, German Pflicht duty) < a suffixed form (compare -t suffix3) of the Germanic base of Old English plēon (with genitive) to risk the loss of, expose to danger, cognate with Old Frisian plega to be in the habit of doing, Middle Dutch plegen to carry out, to be in the habit of doing (Dutch plegen), Old Saxon plegan to have a responsibility (Middle Low German plēgen to carry out, to be in the habit of doing, to act according to a responsibility), Old High German pflegan to care for, look after (Middle High German phlegen, German pflegen to care for, look after, to be in the habit of doing), further etymology unknown (perhaps ultimately borrowed from a non-Germanic language, although this would be unusual for a strong verb). Compare (from same base) Old English pleoh danger, hurt, peril, risk, responsibility, Old Frisian plē, plī danger, care, and also (with different suffixation) Old High German pfligida danger.During the course of the 14th cent. in many Middle English dialects the palatal consonant in the combination -iht- (as reflected in the α. forms) was lost, resulting in the pronunciation /pliːt/ which is reflected in the β spellings and ultimately gives rise to the standard modern pronunciation of the word. The β. forms were perhaps reinforced by α forms of plight n.2 (see further discussion at that entry). In sense 3 probably reinforced by plight v.1 N.E.D. (1907) gives the pronunciation as (pləit) /plaɪt/.
†1. Peril, danger, or risk; (also) a struggle or battle. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [noun]
plighteOE
hauhtc1200
peril?c1225
wothea1300
werea1325
jeopardyc1374
menacea1400
thronga1400
jeopardc1400
unplighta1425
dangering1488
danger1490
periclitation1527
trance1588
apperila1616
periclitancy1650
imperilment1843
the world > action or operation > difficulty > [noun] > difficult state of things > predicament or straits
needfulnessc1350
kankedortc1374
pressc1375
needfultya1382
briguec1400
brikec1400
plightc1400
taking?c1425
partyc1440
distrait1477
brakea1529
hot water1537
strait1544
extremes1547
pickle1562
praemunire1595
lock1598
angustiae1653
difficulty1667
scrape1709
premune1758
hole1760
Queer Street1811
warm water1813
strift1815
fix1816
plisky1818
snapper1818
amplush1827
false position1830
bind1851
jackpot1887
tight1896
squeeze1905
jam1914
α.
eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) cxiv. 2 (3) Circumdederunt me dolores mortis et pericula inferni inuenerunt me : ymbsaldun mec sar deðes & plihtas helle gemoettun mec.
OE Ælfric's Colloquy (1991) 33 Adduco uobis huc cum magno periculo super mare : ic hit togelæde eow hider mid micclan plihte ofer sæ.
OE Ælfric Homily (Cambr. Ii.4.6) in J. C. Pope Homilies of Ælfric (1967) I. 483 Ne scyle ge healdan eowre cild to plihte to lange hæþene.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 4055 Summe heo gunnen pleien; pliht com on ueste.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 7279 (MED) Also falle men yn plyght Þat sytte vp þe Þursday at nyght.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 266 (MED) I passe as in pes & no plyȝt seche.
a1450 York Plays (1885) 312 Þe perill and þe plight is thyne.
?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. cc.vi Full often he brought theym to the plyght.
1572 R. Sempill Lament. Commounis Scotl. (single sheet) Blaming thy tressoun the caus of all our plicht.
a1649 W. Drummond Poems (1656) 107 That thou shouldst..die for those deserv'd eternall plight.
β. c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 114 Now hatz he put hym in plyt of peril.a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 5827 Richesse..from oure hoost departed is..in this plyt.?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 2575 For to dy scho semed in plyte.c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 8019 Priam..Wold haue put hym to þe plit for perell of all.
†2. A sin or offence; guilt or blame. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > sinfulness > [noun]
plightc1175
sinfulness14..
peccancy1656
fallenness1828
society > morality > moral evil > guilt > [noun]
guilt971
sakeOE
plightc1175
wite?c1225
blame1297
culpe1377
culpablenessc1380
fact1583
piacle1619
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > sin > [noun]
sinc825
sinningc1000
plightc1175
culpe1377
offensiona1382
mislooka1393
anomy1595
peccation1861
α.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10213 Grediȝnesse iss hæfedd plihht.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 9265 Twælf wise cnihtes..beden hine..cumen to þan kinge..& beon icnowen of his pliht.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1370 (MED) He..With michel wrong, with mikel plith..haued me to sorwe brouth.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 131 (MED) Þe kyng suld haf no plight, þat Thomas so was dede.
?a1425 (?c1350) Northern Passion (Rawl.) 1084 (MED) If þou have done to him vn-ryght, On þi-self mon fall þe plyght.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 88 (MED) The grace of god..was out gone ffor adam plyght.
β. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1494 Þe Lorde þat þe lyfte ȝemes, Displesed much at þat play in þat plyt stronge.
3. An undertaking (of a risk or obligation); a pledge (esp. one made under risk of forfeiture); an engagement, plighting. Now archaic and rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > pledge or assurance
wordOE
costOE
earnest1221
fayc1300
certainty1303
wager1306
plighta1325
pledge1371
assurancec1386
undertaking?a1400
faithc1405
surementc1410
to make affiancec1425
earnest pennya1438
warrant1460
trow1515
fidelity1531
stipulation1552
warranty1555
pawn1573
arrha1574
avouchment1574
assumption1590
word of honour1598
avouch1603
assecurance1616
preassurance1635
tower-stamp1642
parole of honour1648
spondence1657
honour1659
α.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1269 He bad him maken siker pligt Of luue and trewðe in frendes rigt.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 1494 (MED) Þat man þat demeþ alle to þe ryȝt, Of mercy get he no plyȝt.
a1450 York Plays (1885) 432 (MED) Here may we notte melle more at þis tyde, For prossesse of plaies þat precis in plight.
a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) 767 (MED) They justyd tyll hyt was nyght, Then they departyd in plyght; They had nede to reste.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 93 Happely when I shall wed, that Lord whose hand Must take my plight, shall cary halfe my loue with him. View more context for this quotation
1681 N. Tate King Lear i. 4 Happ'ly when I shall Wed, the Lord whose Hand Shall take my Plight, will carry half my Love.
1813 Ld. Byron Let. 21 Sept. (1974) III. 117 I am asked to stay for the Doncaster races but I am not on plight..so I shall even return to town.
1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors I. iv. 58 An engagement..a mutual plight of faith.
1922 W. G. Harding Speech in D. Y. Thomas One Hundred Years of Monroe Doctr. (1927) 479 If a sovereign and solemn plight of faith by leading nations of the earth is valueless;..then, indeed, there is little on which to hang our faith in advancing civilization.
β. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 1114 (MED) Towarde þe throne þay trone a tras; Þaȝ þay wern fele, no pres in plyt.a1500 (c1400) St. Erkenwald (1977) 285 Nas I a paynym vnpreste, þat neuer thi plite knewe?

Compounds

† plight-ring n. Obsolete an engagement ring.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > ring > [noun] > betrothal or wedding-ring
wedding-ringc1386
engagement ring1861
plight-ring1875
wedding band1946
1875 'A. Leigh' New Minnesinger 6 When with a very little thing—The mother's kiss, the troth plight ring—Her guilty wonderment, her dread Of secret chamber'd thoughts, is fled.
1877 W. Jones Finger-ring Lore 241 A sacred plight-ring was considered almost as impassable a barrier as the veil itself, against the marriage of the wearer.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

plightn.2

Brit. /plʌɪt/, U.S. /plaɪt/
Forms:

α. Middle English playd, Middle English playt, Middle English pleyt, Middle English pleyte, Middle English plijte, Middle English plit, Middle English plitte, Middle English plyet, Middle English plyit, Middle English plytte, Middle English–1500s plyt, Middle English–1500s plyte, Middle English–1600s plite.

β. Middle English pliȝt, Middle English pliht, Middle English plyghte, Middle English plyȝt, Middle English plyth, Middle English–1500s plyght, Middle English– plight; also Scottish pre-1700 1800s– plicht, 1900s– plycht.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French plit.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman plit, plist, pleit, pleite, plite, plyte situation, condition, state (13th cent. or earlier), legal status (14th cent. or earlier), apparently a merger of pleit plait n. and pleit plea n.; compare ply n.The β forms are probably partly by analogy with plight n.1 (see α forms and discussion at that entry), which shows a similar range of spellings in the Middle English period, and with which this word may have been associated semantically (‘peril, danger or risk’ (see plight n.1 1) being ‘an unfortunate condition or state’: see sense 1a). They may, however, also have arisen in part by analogy with other words in -ight (as e.g. night n., might n.1, etc.).
1.
a. In negative sense: an unfortunate condition or state.Now the usual sense. In early use often with modifying word, as evil, sorry, woeful, but in modern usage almost always having negative connotations even without modifier.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > circumstance or occurrence
plightc1300
woea1325
fanda1400
afflictionc1429
assayc1430
brier?1504
trouble?1521
distress1549
smarts1552
say?1572
infliction1590
disaccommodation1645
trial1754
ordeal1807
time1809
kill-cow1825
Via Crucis1844
Via Dolorosa1844
racket1877
pisser1957
α.
c1300 Body & Soul (Laud Misc. 108) (1889) 57 (MED) Yt [sc. the body] was in a sori pleyt [v.rr. playd, playt], Reuliche toyled to and fro.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 733 In peryl & payne & plytes ful harde.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 171 She shall be in as evylle plyte as he is.
a1500 Rev. Methodius in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1918) 33 176 (MED) Þe werd stode in herd plyte..þat forsoke cryste, meche & lyte.
a1505 R. Henryson Orpheus & Eurydice 201 in Poems (1981) 138 Quhen he saw his..sone Orpheus In sik a plyte, it changit all his chere.
β. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 1075 Þe planetez arn in to pouer a plyȝt.1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos l. 142 Turnus..knewe well thenne that he was deceyued,..sore an-angred he was, whan he founde hym selfe in that plyght.a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) 3853 (MED) Ser Yuell sawe in what plight that she was.c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cvii. 17 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 170 They cri'd to him in woefull plight.1607 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso (new ed.) viii. lvii. 61 Such great force her passing beautie had..That they appeared sorrowfull and sad, To wey the danger of her dolefull plights.1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. i. 4 We forget in what sad plight We whilom left the Captiv'd Knight.1724 R. Welton Substance Christian Faith 454 They saw so great a man in so forlorne a plight.1799 R. Southey Eng. Eclogues in Poet. Wks. (1838) III. 68 Bruin-Bear! Now could I sonnetize thy piteous plight.1849 C. Dickens David Copperfield (1850) xviii. 189 I am taken home in a sad plight, and I have beef-steaks put to my eyes.1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 23 Dockyard administration is in a sorry and almost hopeless plight.1940 War Illustr. 16 Feb. 107 Pitiable in the extreme is the plight of the Jews in Poland under Nazi rule.1992 D. Morgan Rising in West ii. v. 87 Oca was too busy to dwell on the plight of the poor migrants and farm workers he traded with.2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Aug. iv. 1/1 Paralyzed, unable to speak, losing the ability to swallow and yet totally aware of her plight.
b. With neutral or positive sense. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > [noun] > good or bad condition or order
point?c1225
plighta1375
waya1400
ply1443
ploy1477
abyss1548
order1569
kilter1582
trim1628
tilter1674
fettle?1748
kidney1763
fix1816
α.
c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 762 Do right so with thy cherl as thow woldest that thy lord dide with thee if thow were in his plit.
c1395 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale 952 I wol fonde To brynge oure craft al in another plite.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 111 Wyth peple of alle plytez þe palays þay fyllen.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Miv/2 Plite, plight, habitudo.
β. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 5373 (MED) Þe hiȝe king ȝou þus haþ holpe & pult ȝou to þis pliȝt fram pouert.?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 37 (MED) God..me kepe in such A plyght..I to affendyn hym day nor nyght.1534 T. More Treat. Passion in Wks. 1288/2 And [to] lyue here in suche pleasaunt plight as we shuld have lyued if Adam had not synned.1566 W. Painter tr. O. Landi Delectable Demaundes 4 Loue is a certeine estate and plight that doeth wrappe and folde the minde of man.1607 M. Drayton Legend Cromwel 10 Being in so excellent a plight.1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie i. sig. Aa2v The Town remaining in as good plight..for trade and buildings, as most Towns do which want a Navigable River.1730 in J. Copywell Shrubs Parnassus (1760) 130 Old Chaucer and Drayton I found in good plight, And Shakespear and Spencer appear pretty tight.1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. i. 9 Nothing shall be distreined for rent, which may not be rendered again in as good plight as when it was distreined.1839 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation (1863) 155 It is a happy and hopeful plight for us both.1851 ‘L. Mariotti’ Italy in 1848 251 Not in the best plight or order.1894 J. H. Wylie Hist. Eng. Henry IV II. lv. 283 The Queen..being..bound under writ of waste to keep the estates in as good plight as she received them.?1922 A. E. Housman Let. (1971) 208 From the election of 1905 he [sc. Joseph Chamberlain] came back in much better plight than Balfour.1992 J. C. Phillips & J. O'Donovan Mod. Contract of Guarantee 547 The guarantor who [acquires securities from a creditor is] under a duty to preserve them in the same plight and condition as they were when they were handed over to him.
†c. A manner, fashion, or way. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > [noun]
wayeOE
costOE
wise971
gatec1175
custc1275
form1297
guise13..
mannerc1300
kindc1330
assizea1375
plighta1393
makea1400
fashionc1400
reason?c1400
method1526
voye1541
how1551
way1563
garb1600
quality1600
mould1603
quomodo1623
modus1648
mode1649
turn1825
road1855
gait1866
methodology1932
stylee1982
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 1663 (MED) In such a plit Florent of his answere is quit.
a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 144 Pecok, Stork, Bustarde, & Shovellewre, ye must vnlace þem in þe plite of þe crane.
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 8 b We deny all, in the same plight as you have set them downe.
†2.
a. Bodily or physical condition; state of health. Usually modified by good (also fine, etc.). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [noun]
ferec1175
statea1325
casec1325
likingc1330
plighta1393
dispositionc1400
health1509
disease1526
affection?1541
affect1605
valetude1623
tift1717
situation1749
condition1798
fix1816
shape1865
fig1883
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 1347 Thus was the hors in sori plit.
c1395 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 2335 A womman in my plit May han to fruyt so gret an appetit That she may dyen.
a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) xii Also þe scabbe cometh to hem, for to hye plyet, when þei abyde in her kenel to longe and goth not on huntynge.
1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. K iij Blake Ciche..taken wyth beanes..maketh a good plyte and fatt fleshe.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. P2v The woman also in verie good plight too.
a1649 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1853) I. 37 Some horses came over in good plight.
1712 J. Norris Profitable Advice for Rich & Poor 50 A sort of short Cane growing plentifullyd..on which Cattle delight much to Feed; and where that is plentiful, Cattle keeps themselves in very good plight.
1792 W. Cowper Let. 29 July (1984) IV. 161 Mary..is in pretty good plight this morning, having slept well.
1855 H. Martineau Autobiogr. (1877) II. 35 Another of our neighbours admitted the fine plight of my cows.
b. In elliptical use (with good, etc., implied): good or proper physical condition, good health. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > [noun] > good health
healOE
healthc1000
strengthOE
soundc1275
hailc1300
halec1330
quartc1330
liege poustie1340
plight1394
soundness1398
sanity?a1475
quartfulness1483
healthfulness?1535
symmetry?1541
flesh1548
good liking?1560
well-being1561
valetude1575
safeness1576
kilter1582
mens sana in corpore sanoc1605
eucrasy1607
sanitude1652
salubrity1654
wellness1654
healthiness1670
vegeteness1678
wholesome1738
haleness1815
able-bodiedness1857
1394 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 186 (MED) I will that thay..kepe it in the plyte that it es in now.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 3823 (MED) Þai wald noȝt bring þe childe in plyte [i.e. to health].
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxliiiiv There is euer action of blysse..contynuel plyte without ceasynge.
1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 36 Use cattle aright, to keepe them in plight.
1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub xi. 194 When a Traveller and his Horse are in Heart and Plight.
1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xvi. 166 [Of a ship] Though she had been in plight, we had not hands left sufficient to work her.
1867 Felton's Greece, Anc. & Mod. I. 119 [Of a dog] His strength, his plight, his speed so light, You had with wonder viewed.
†3. A state of mind (esp. to do something); a mood or demeanour. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > [noun]
willeOE
hearteOE
i-willc888
self-willeOE
intent?c1225
device1303
couragec1320
talentc1325
greec1330
voluntyc1330
fantasyc1374
likinga1375
disposingc1380
pleasancea1382
affectionc1390
wish1390
disposition1393
affecta1398
likea1400
lista1400
pleasingc1400
emplesance1424
pleasurec1425
well-willingc1443
notiona1450
mindc1450
fancy1465
empleseur1473
hest?a1513
plighta1535
inclination1541
cue1567
month's mind1580
disposedness1583
leaning1587
humour1595
wouldings1613
beneplacit1643
wouldingness1645
vergency1649
bene-placiture1662
good liking1690
draught1758
tida1774
inkling1787
1376–9 J. Gower Mirour de l'omme 10661 Comment q'il plourt, comment q'il rit, Toutdis se tient en un soul plit.]
a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 50/1 Thinketh he that I would sende hym hence, which neyther is in ye plight to sende out?
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 545 [To] put you in plite your purpos to wyn.
1568 Bann. MS 226 b/13 For febill plyt ȝit cuth I nyt hir neuir.
1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 39 'Less Philomel will daign a Song, I[n] her sweetest, saddest plight.
1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World ii. 27 He coming in a very humble plight, asking my pardon.
†4. Law.
a. The legal status (as to currency, validity, extent, etc.) of an enactment, ruling, privilege, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > jurisprudence > [noun] > state or position from a legal point of view
plight1540
status1767
1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 16 §11 The same proclamacion shal abide, be, and remain in the same plight and strength that it is, and as if this acte had neuer bene made.
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 214 As touching this priuilege.., althoughe it continue not altogether in the same plight, yet some shadowe thereof remaineth euen to this daye.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) II. 443 The statute of uses executes the possession to the use, in the same plight as the use was limited.
b. The legal status of a person. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal capacity > [noun] > legal status
plight1663
a1481 T. Littleton Tenures (1482) iii. sig. D viv Est en tiel plite sicome sil que auoit droit.]
1663 Act 15 Chas. II c. 6 §7 Whether Persons prohibited to preach by the said Act are in the same Plight as to Punishment, with Persons disabled by the said Act to preach.
1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. xxx. 392 The effect of falsifying, or reversing, an outlawry is that the party shall be in the same plight as if he had appeared upon the capias.
1785 J. J. Powell Treat. Law Mortgages 195 The puisne mortgagee should be restored, and put in the same plight, as if the statute had been still in force.
†5. Array, dress, or costume. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun]
clothesc888
hattersOE
shroudc1000
weedOE
shrouda1122
clothc1175
hatteringa1200
atourc1220
back-clout?c1225
habit?c1225
clothingc1275
cleadinga1300
dubbinga1300
shroudinga1300
attirec1300
coverturec1300
suitc1325
apparel1330
buskingc1330
farec1330
harness1340
tire1340
backs1341
geara1350
apparelmentc1374
attiringa1375
vesturec1385
heelinga1387
vestmentc1386
arraya1400
graitha1400
livery1399
tirementa1400
warnementa1400
arrayment1400
parelc1400
werlec1400
raiment?a1425
robinga1450
rayc1450
implements1454
willokc1460
habiliment1470
emparelc1475
atourement1481
indumenta1513
reparel1521
wearing gear1542
revesture1548
claesc1550
case1559
attirement1566
furniture1566
investuring1566
apparelling1567
dud1567
hilback1573
wear1576
dress1586
enfolding1586
caparison1589
plight1590
address1592
ward-ware1598
garnish1600
investments1600
ditement1603
dressing1603
waith1603
thing1605
vestry1606
garb1608
outwall1608
accoutrementa1610
wearing apparel1617
coutrement1621
vestament1632
vestiment1637
equipage1645
cask1646
aguise1647
back-timbera1656
investiture1660
rigging1664
drapery1686
vest1694
plumage1707
bussingc1712
hull1718
paraphernalia1736
togs1779
body clothing1802
slough1808
toggery1812
traps1813
garniture1827
body-clothes1828
garmenture1832
costume1838
fig1839
outfit1840
vestiture1841
outer womana1845
outward man1846
vestiary1846
rag1855
drag1870
clo'1874
parapherna1876
clobber1879
threads1926
mocker1939
schmatte1959
vine1959
kit1989
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. xii. sig. Oo2v Like as the sunburnt Indians do aray Their tawney bodies, in their proudest plight.
1743 J. Davidson tr. Virgil Æneid vii. 192 Three hundred of them stood shining and in full plight.
1821 J. Baillie Ld. John in Metrical Legends xii In reveller's plight, he is bedight.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† plightn.3

Forms:

α. Middle English plice (perhaps transmission error), Middle English plytts (plural), Middle English–1500s plite, Middle English–1500s plyt, Middle English–1500s plyte.

β. Middle English pliȝt, Middle English–1500s plyght, Middle English–1600s 1800s plight, 1500s plyghte.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (iii) formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French *plit , pleit ; plait n.; plight v.2
Etymology: Either (i) < an unattested variant *plit of Anglo-Norman pleit plait n. (compare pliter to fold, to pleat: see plight v.2), with -gh- in β forms by association with plight n.1, plight n.2, or with other words in -ight , (ii) a variant of plait n., with change of vowel by analogy with plight n.1, plight n.2, or ply n., or (iii) < plight v.2 Compare pleat n., plat n.6
Obsolete.
1. A plait of hair, ribbon, straw, etc. Also figurative: an interlinking of various conditions or elements (cf. also plight v.2 3).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [noun] > tresses or plaits
tracec1380
plight?1387
tressa1400
plexc1450
braid1530
tuck1532
buoy-rope1546
trammels1589
entrammelling1598
border1601
point1604
pleat?1606
trammelets1654
maze1657
brede1696
queue1724
pigtail?1725
tie1725
cue1731
tuck-up1749
tutulus1753
club1786
tail1799
French twist1850
Grecian plait1851
French plait1871
horse's tail1873
Gretchen braid, plait1890
shimada1910
ponytail1916
French braid1937
cane row1939
dreadlocks1960
French pleat1964
Tom Jones1964
corn row1971
dread1984
club-pigtail-
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > [noun] > a contexture of conditions
plight1674
?1387 T. Wimbledon Serm. (Corpus Cambr.) (1967) 107 (MED) Þis cord is custom þat is of þre plytis [c1450 Hatton pleytys], þat is, of ydel þouȝt, vnhonest speche, and wickid dede.
1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. Bijv Diuides each haire, each plight vndresses.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 129 A taile..very woolly and fat, and close wouen in many plights.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 74 It seems then, that the thing that calls us up is Morningness, or that woof and plight that the whole ticklish frame of worldly beings are wheel'd into at such a tide of day.
1816 S. T. Coleridge Christabel ii. 29 Geraldine..Puts on her silken vestments white, And tricks her hair in lovely plight.
2.
a. A unit of measure for cloth, esp. lawn.Perhaps originally the length into which such cloth was folded.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > linen > types of > fine > lawn > length or piece of
plight1394
1394 in A. H. Thomas Cal. Plea & Mem. Rolls London Guildhall (1932) III. 225 (MED) [10] pliȝt Crymyll [of silk at 10 s. each].
1415 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 382 (MED) j plice [perh. read plite] de lawnd.
1452 Will of John Britte (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/1) f. 130v Vnum plyte de lawne.
1463–4 Rolls of Parl. V. 505/1 Eny Kerchef wherof the price of a plyght shall excede the some of iii s.
1535 in Hist. MSS Comm.: MSS Duke of Rutland (1905) IV. 277 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 2606) LXIII. 301 For vj plightes of fyne lawne for sleves for the Quene.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ccc2v/1 Plite of Lawne..seemeth to be a certaine measure, as a yard, or elle, &c.]
b. A fold in cloth or other fabric; a pleat; = plait n. 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [noun] > pleating > a pleat
plait1440
prank1440
pinchc1450
plightc1450
pleata1529
tuck1532
lipea1600
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [noun] > pleated fabric > pleat
plait1440
pinchc1450
plightc1450
pleata1529
tuck1532
lipea1600
box pleat1857
accordion pleat1884
organ pipe1890
knife-pleat1891
sunburst1897
pin tuck1902
knife-plait1911
α.
1398 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 240 (MED) Lego Aliciæ..unum velum vocatum plytts, et unum de cypres.]
c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 79 Vndoo these letteres out of plyt.
c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iii. 156 And if Pernell preisid þe plytis bihynde, The costis were acountid.
a1500 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 138 (MED) Theyre gownys be sett with plytys fele.
a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 37v To clothe him selfe with nothing els, but a demie, bukram cassok, plaine without plites.
β. a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 132 Fold ye alle there at oonys þat a pliȝt passe not a fote brede.a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) xviii. 169 Theyr rayment..is made..wyth two wrynckkles and a plyght.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. iii. sig. P2v A silken Camus lylly whight, Purfled vpon with many a folded plight.1697 tr. C'tess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 229 She is drest..with a short Gown without any plights.
c. figurative. Something intricate, complex, or obscured. Cf. plait n. 1c. rare.
ΚΠ
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer iii. f. ccclxv In this boke be many priuy thinges wimpled & folde, vnneth shul leude men ye plites vnwinde.
d. A fold, wrinkle, or crease in a natural structure; a bend or convolution; = plait n. 2c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > shape > [noun] > bend or fold
folda1250
plight1543
duplication1578
reduplication1578
sinus1615
plica1660
recess1666
duplicature1683
reduplicature1698
geniculum1701
genu1854
infraction1882
uncinate1891
α.
1568 Bann. MS 227 a/8 Hir lyre is lilly lyk plesand forowttin plyt.
1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 350 These foldings, plites, and windings [of the ileon or folded gut].
β. 1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. i. f. 2v/1 In the plyghte of the arme.1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 715 This [horn of unicorn]..is neither light nor hollow,..reuolued into many plights, sharper than any darte.1673 J. Flavell Fountain of Life i. 5 It is of many sorts and forms, of many folds and plights.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† plightadj.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English plyght , plighte , plight v.2
Etymology: < plyght, plighte, variants of the past participle of plight v.2 Compare plait adj., plet adj., and slightly earlier plighted adj.2
Obsolete. rare.
= plighted adj.2
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > [adjective] > arranged in folds or pleated
rideledc1400
plaited1440
rivelled1482
pleated1483
pinched1500
plighted1502
plightc1530
tucked1530
well-plighted1590
furbelowc1680
quilled1694
c1530 Court of Love 1102 The nonnes, with vaile and wimple plight.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2020).

plightv.1

Brit. /plʌɪt/, U.S. /plaɪt/
Inflections: Past tense and past participle plighted, (archaic) plight;
Forms: Old English plihtan, Middle English bliȝt, Middle English pleyth, Middle English plight, Middle English plighte, Middle English pliȝhte, Middle English pliȝt, Middle English pliȝte, Middle English pliȝtte, Middle English pliht, Middle English plihte, Middle English plist, Middle English plite, Middle English plithe, Middle English plyct, Middle English plyghte, Middle English plyȝt, Middle English plyȝte, Middle English plyȝth, Middle English plyht, Middle English plyhte, Middle English plyth, Middle English plyttht, Middle English–1500s plyght, Middle English–1500s plyte; also Scottish pre-1700 plycht, pre-1700 (1800s– rare) plicht. Past tense

α. Middle English plicte, Middle English pliȝt, Middle English pliht, Middle English plihte, Middle English plyght, Middle English plyghte, Middle English plyȝt, Middle English plyhte, Middle English–1600s (1800s– archaic) plight; also Scottish pre-1700 plicht.

β. Middle English pliȝted, 1500s– plighted; also Scottish 1800s plichtit (rare).

Past participle

α. early Middle English iplicht, early Middle English ipliȝt, early Middle English ipluht, early Middle English pligt, Middle English blyght, Middle English ipleyht, Middle English ipliȝte, Middle English ipliht, Middle English ipliþt, Middle English iplyghte, Middle English iplygte, Middle English iplyth, Middle English pliȝt, Middle English pliȝte, Middle English pliȝth, Middle English pliht, Middle English plith, Middle English plithe, Middle English plyȝt, Middle English plyȝþ, Middle English plyȝte, Middle English plyȝth, Middle English plyht, Middle English plyt, Middle English plyth, Middle English ypliȝt, Middle English ypliȝth, Middle English yplyght, Middle English yplyȝt, Middle English yplyht, Middle English–1500s plyght, Middle English–1500s yplight, Middle English– plight (now archaic); also Scottish pre-1700 plicht.

β. Middle English–1500s plyghted, 1500s plyted, 1500s– plighted; also Scottish pre-1700 plichtit.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: plight n.1
Etymology: < plight n.1 Compare Old Frisian plichta to give possession of, Middle Dutch plichten, plechten to pledge, to commit (compare Dutch verplichten to oblige), Middle Low German plichten to pledge, to be inclined, Middle High German phlihten to take part, to oblige, to pledge, etc. (compare German verpflichten to oblige, to commit, to pledge).
†1. transitive. To endanger or compromise (life, honour, etc.). Obsolete.In Old English with object in dative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > endanger [verb (transitive)]
plightOE
imperil?a1425
danger1488
endanger1509
enjeopard1523
peril1556
periclitate1623
jeopardize1646
OE Laws of Æðelred II (Nero) v. xxviii. 244 Gyf hwa butan leafe of fyrde gewende, þe se cyning sylf on sy, plihte him sylfum & ealre his are.
OE Laws of Æðelred II (Claud.) vi. xxxvi. 256 Gif morðwyrhtan oððe mansworan..to þam geþristian, þæt hy on þæs cyninges neaweste gewunian, ær þam þe hy habban bote agunnen for Gode & for worolde, þonne plihton hy heora are & eallon heora æhtan.
2.
a. transitive. To put (something) under risk of forfeiture; to give in pledge; to pledge or engage (one's troth, faith, oath, promise, etc.). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > security > pledge or deposit as security [verb (transitive)]
setc1000
plight?c1225
lay1297
wagec1330
to lay to borrowc1405
pledgea1475
impledge1548
pawn1570
impawn1598
deposita1640
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 156 Idusi heast oðer folliche iplicht [c1230 Corpus ipliht; a1250 Nero ipluht; a1300 Caius iplicht] trouðe..beoð ilad to slauðe.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 5302 Þa Pohtes..sworen forð-rihtes, & treoðen heo plihten þat heo wolden Basian inne fehte biswiken.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 34 (MED) Treuþe ichaue þe plyht to don þat ich haue hyht.
c1395 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 1009 Plight me thy trouthe here in myn hand quod she The nexte thyng that I requere thee Thow shalt it do.
c1440 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Thornton) 465 (MED) Here my trouthe I ȝow plyghte, I salle feghte withe ȝone knyghte.
c1450 (a1400) Libeaus Desconus (Calig. A.ii) (1969) 524 (MED) Þou and þy brederen twayne Schull plyȝt her [v.r. me] your fay To Kyng Artour to wende.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 517 To this couenaunte to be holde truly and with-out gyle, bothe perties plight ther trowthes.
1567 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. 33 Off hir finger fals she threw ane Ring, And said, ‘my Lord, ane taikin I ȝow plycht’.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 24 My faith I plight heere, to relate thee veritye soothlye.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 353 Truely her troath she him plight, That she would not come within the night.
1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso ii. lvi. 322 He plighted his faith to keep this promise.
1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite i, in Fables 11 Have we not plighted each our holy Oath, That one shou'd be the Common Good of both?
1787 J. Bentham Def. Usury vi. 60 In the case of informers in general, there has been no troth plighted, nor benefit received.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xxi. 685 They came in multitudes..to plight faith to William, rightful and lawful King.
1887 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm.: Suppl. Nights III. dlvii. 126 I am a man of my word even as I plighted it to him.
1977 Economist (Nexis) 14 May 104 The leaders of the non-communist world publicly plighted their economic troth last weekend.
2001 Estonian News Agengy (Nexis) 27 Apr. Mois himself has on several occasions plighted his faith to the coalition agreement in Tallinn.
b. transitive. spec. To pledge (one's troth, faith, etc.) as (part of) an act of betrothal or marriage. See also troth-plight v.The chief surviving sense, although now deliberately archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > betrothal > betroth [verb (transitive)] > plight (one's troth)
plightc1300
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 1126 Locrin was on foreward hire habbe to wife, and he hire hafde trouþe i-pliþt.
c1395 G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale 1328 In myn hand youre trouthe plighten [v.rr. bliȝt, plighte, pliht] ye To loue me best.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 8386 Well i wat þat þou me hight Ar þou to spouse me trouth plight.
1471 in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 161 I take the Margret to have to my wyff..and therto plyght I the my trouthe.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Matrimonie f. xiiii* And therto I plight thee my trouth.
1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. L They plighted faith and troth, and Carmela..sealed it with a kisse.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler i. 24 What is said of Turtle Doves:..that they silently plight their troth and marry. View more context for this quotation
1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin ii. 15 Could not Faith once plighted..Cool thy hot Cod-piece, but thou must be Gadding?
1782 J. Cookson Thoughts on Polygamy 135 The Algerines..; among whom, the only ceremony used in marriage is drinking out of each others hands—the custom of plighting their troth.
1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility III. xiii. 270 I was simple enough to think that, because my faith was plighted to another, there could be no danger in my being with you. View more context for this quotation
1841 G. P. R. James Brigand vii I told him..that my heart was given and my hand plighted to another.
1872 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 188 Betrothal rings, set with pearls and gems, were worn by maidens who had plighted their troth.
1935 Times 6 Nov. 14 The Archbishop of Canterbury will put the questions to the Duke and his bride, and they will plight their troth.
1995 Daily Mail 19 Oct. 54/5 But Amanda and Karl have decided it is time to tie the knot and, in December, will plight their troth at Northampton register office.
2004 Aberdeen Evening Express (Nexis) 13 July 16 As I plighted my troth, I vowed to stop [smoking] on the first day of my honeymoon.
†c. transitive. As I plight, I thee (also you) plight: ‘I warrant or assure you’, ‘I promise you’, ‘I give you my word’. Obsolete.By ellipsis of word, pledge, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > I promise you [phrase]
I thee (also you) plightc1330
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 1907 (MED) Wiþ no gin, y ȝou pliȝt, No man þerin com miȝt.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. 1508 (MED) With my wisshes if I myhte, A thousand times, I yow plyhte, I hadde storven.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xiii. 318 (MED) The Roche..laste Evene ryht Down to the water Of Orkauz, I the plyht.
a1475 Friar & Boy (Brogyntyn) in J. O. Halliwell Early Eng. Misc. (1855) 50 The old man sayd ‘Y the plyȝte, Thou schalt have as y the hyght.’
c1503 Beuys of Southhamptowne (Pynson) 2154 In that caue they were al nyght Wythout mete or drynke, I you plyght.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 904 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 123 He thocht him..As..Counterpalace to ye pape our princis I plicht.
†3. transitive. To pledge or bind oneself to do or give (something); to promise. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > pledge or undertake to give or do
sweara1154
fast?a1160
plightc1275
givec1300
undertake1393
strokea1400
warranta1400
foldc1400
pledge?a1439
affiance1523
pass1528
betroth1573
assume1602
impawna1628
gagea1642
spond1698
guarantee1820
vouch1898
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 6524 Þu wulle me an hond plihten [c1300 Otho plihte] þat ich hit scal al dihten.
?a1300 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 776 (MED) Ich ou sugge and pliȝtte, At þe domes ȝe miȝtte Ben englene fere.
?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1940) 21833 (MED) Þe twelfe pers..Vnto arthur..plight Twelfe vndrez men redi to dight.
a1500 in W. B. D. D. Turnbull Visions of Tundale (1843) 145 (MED) Heyle, godly lady, in the was plyght Tho joy of man.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. QQQiv Than doest thou all that thou hast plyght.
1587 T. Hughes Misfortunes Arthur iii. iv, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) IV. 313 The quiet rest that princely palace plights.
4. transitive. To engage or pledge (oneself) to a person, or to do something. In later use frequently in passive: to be engaged or bound to someone.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > bind by a promise [verb (reflexive)]
plighta1325
affiancec1487
undertakea1715
commit1782
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise, vow, or pledge [verb (intransitive)] > be bound
swearc1050
plighta1325
surec1425
to be conjured1583
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > betrothal > engage oneself to marry [verb (intransitive)] > be betrothed
plighta1325
surec1425
promise1548
betrotha1592
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1275 Ðor ben he boðen feren pligt, Ðat here neiðer sal don oðer un-rigt.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 1045 Y til him am trewe y-pliȝt & haue myn oþ y-swered.
c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. v. 116 I..was his prentis ypliȝt [v.rr. I-plygte, Iplyth] his profit to loke.
a1500 (?a1475) Guy of Warwick (Cambr. Ff.2.38) 937 Ȝe be my men to me plyght; Ye be holdyn to do my ryght.
1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne iii. 110 Now to the combat had this warriouresse Plighted her selfe.
a1625 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Two Noble Kinsmen (1634) v. v. 110 Receive you her, you him, be plighted with A love that growes, as you decay. View more context for this quotation
1789 Man of Failing II. 9 Nelson, who looked upon a woman to be forbidden fruit, when once she had plighted herself to another.
1832 H. Martineau Ireland iv. 72 So you have plighted and pledged yourself to your band since you swore you would wed me only.
1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirlaugh III. 116 His daughter was plighted to the very man he would have chosen for her.
1887 T. Hardy Woodlanders II. iv. 71 One of the girls (a bouncing maiden, plighted to young Timothy Tangs) asked her if she would join in.
1927 R. A. Taylor Leonardo 20 One pale, heavy-curled child slips past, dying because he has plighted himself to Artemis.
1944 Nebraska State Jrnl. 7 June 8/5 The girl, already promised to a powerful neighbor, had plighted herself to the golden-voiced bard.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† plightv.2

Forms: see plight n.3; also Middle English pilt (transmission error), Middle English plyght (past participle), Middle English plyȝte (past tense), 1500s plighte (past participle).
Origin: Probably either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (iii) formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French pliter ; plait v.; plight n.3
Etymology: Probably either (a) < Anglo-Norman pliter to fold, to pleat (1410 or earlier), variant of Anglo-Norman and Middle French plier ply v.1, with insertion of -t- after Anglo-Norman pleit plait n., or (b) a variant of plait v. (for the change of vowel and insertion of -gh- see plight n.3), or (c) < plight n.3 (although this is first attested later). Compare earlier pleat v.In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix).
Obsolete.
1.
a. transitive. To fold or pleat; = plait v. 2, pleat v. 2; (also) to compress into folds or wrinkles.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > contract or shrink > into wrinkles
shrenchc950
clinker1495
wizen1513
rivel1543
clinga1547
shrivel1609
warpa1616
pucker1616
plight1638
weazen1821
c1330 Lai le Freine in Smith Coll. Stud. Mod. Langs. (1929) 10 iii. 5 (MED) Þe leuedi..toke a ring..& on hir riȝt arm it knitt Wiþ a lace of silke þerin pilt [read plit].
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) ii. ii. 1204 Myself to medes wol the lettre sowe..Yif me the labour it to sowe and plite.
1433 Rolls of Parl. IV. 45l/2 No persone makyng..ye same Clothes or doseins ne shall nat takke ne plyte, afore the awnour haue duely made his serche.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 660/2 I plyght a gowne, I set the plyghtes in order, je plye.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxvj The garment was large, and plited verie thicke.
1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 48 Things, which by Heat, are not only wrinkled, but ruffled, and plighted.
1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 973 The wings are of a decayed purple colour passing to a lively blue, and all plighted severally.
b. transitive. figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > folding or folded condition > fold [verb (transitive)] > arrange in folds or pleat
cremil1377
pinchc1387
pleatc1390
plaitc1400
plighta1425
ridelc1450
pranka1529
plat?1533
surfle1573
quill1607
twill1847
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > corrugate [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle or crease
frounce1390
frumple1398
crunklec1400
plighta1425
crinklec1430
crimple1440
rimple1440
rivel1543
wrinkle1543
crease1588
shrivel1609
befrumple1611
frowze1611
wrimple1611
pucker1616
furl1689
ruck1706
runkle1720
crink1821
furrow1853
crumple1858
ruckle1866
bumfle1911
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) ii. 697 What to doone best were, and what eschue; That plited [v.rr. plitede, pleytede] she ful ofte in many fold.
a1639 J. Stoughton Learned Treat. (1640) ii. 78 So long as these Divine truths are folded and plighted together in these few divisions, there is no lustre or light sparkles from them.
2. transitive. To enfold in one's arms; to embrace. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > embrace > [verb (transitive)]
clipc950
freeOE
beclipc1000
windc1175
fang?c1200
yokec1275
umgripea1300
to take in (also into, on) one's armsc1300
umbefold14..
collc1320
lapc1350
bracec1375
embracec1386
clapa1400
folda1400
halsea1400
umbeclapa1400
accollc1400
fathomc1400
halchc1400
haspc1400
hoderc1440
plighta1450
plet?a1500
cuddlec1520
complect1523
umbfoldc1540
clasp1549
culla1564
cully1576
huggle1583
embosom1590
wrap1594
collya1600
cling1607
bosom1608
grasp1609
comply1648
huddlea1650
smuggle1679
inarm1713
snuggle1775
cwtch1965
a1450 York Plays (1885) 436 And in his armes he shall hym plight.
1596 R. Linche Dom Diego in Diella sig. F3v Diego..Came running forth, him in his armes to plight.
3. transitive. To plait or braid (hair, threads, etc.); = plait v. 1; to tie in a knot.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > intertwining or interweaving > intertwine or interweave [verb (transitive)]
wind971
braidc1000
writheOE
biwevec1300
enlacec1374
winda1387
tracec1400
bredec1440
knit1470
embraid1481
interlace1523
entrail?1530
wreathea1547
beknit1565
twist1565
wand1572
embroid1573
mat1577
complect1578
intertex1578
inweave1578
lace1579
plight1589
entwine1597
bewreath1598
interweave1598
implicate1610
twine1612
complicatea1631
implex1635
intertwine1641
plash1653
enwreathe1667
raddle1671
intertwist1797
pleach1830
impleach1865
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > bind or tie [verb (transitive)] > fasten or secure with a knot > tie (a knot) (in)
knitc1000
plight1589
casta1605
inknot1611
binda1616
knot1832
1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. I2 Hir lockes are pleighted like the fleece of wooll.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vi. sig. R2v Sometimes her head she fondly would aguize With gaudy girlonds..Or rings of rushes plight.
a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. D2 Ile plight the bands and seale it with a kisse.
1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island vii. xxiii. 90 A long love-lock on his left shoulder plight.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1eOEn.2c1300n.3?1387adj.c1530v.1OEv.2c1330
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