| 释义 |
placardn. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French placard. Etymology: < Middle French placard, placquart, plaquart, placart (French placard ) piece of writing on an unfolded parchment (1364), official announcement fixed to a wall (1444), (probably) a piece of armour, or a small shield (a1471 in an apparently isolated attestation), seditious document circulated in public (c1552), wooden decoration above a door frame (1572) < plaquer (French plaquer ) to apply gold or silver to hair (middle of 13th cent. in Old French), to affix (a seal) to (1336; 1391 in plaquer le seel le roy to affix the seal of the king), to apply a flat thing to another, to face (1505), to plate with a metal (1690) ( < Middle Dutch placken to plaster, to coat with something sticky, to stick, to patch (Dutch placken ; < the same base as placke : see pleck n.)) + -ard -ard suffix. Compare Old Occitan placa plate, slab (end of 13th cent.; apparently < Middle Dutch placke : see pleck n.), Spanish placa (a1425). Compare ( < French) Middle Dutch plackaert , placaert , plackert , also plakaet , plackait (Dutch plakkaat ); also ( < Dutch) Middle Low German plakāt , German Plakat (end of 16th cent.). Compare placate n., placket n.1The French etymon does not account well for senses 1 and 2, as the evidence for related uses in French is scarce and rather doubtful; for the semantic parallel compare also post-classical Latin placatum piece of plate armour (1322 in a British source), Middle French plaquette thin plate of metal (1521: see plaquette n., and compare placate n.), and perhaps also early modern Dutch placke , Middle Low German placke in sense ‘patch, rag’ (see pleck n.; compare also Middle Dutch placken in sense ‘to patch’). In form placaert influenced by early modern Dutch (chiefly Flanders) plackaert . The forms plackerd , plakerde , and placad , placade perhaps also show Dutch influence. For further instances of possible Dutch (or Middle Low German) influence compare placate n., placket n.1 With sense 2 compare slightly earlier placket n.1 1. With letters of placard(s) at sense 4a compare Anglo-Norman lettre plakett (see placket n.1), Middle French lettre en placard (1486 or earlier), Middle Dutch plackaertbrief , plackertbrief , also letteren van placcate . With placard bearer n. at Compounds 2, placard-carrier n. at Compounds 1a, and placard man n. at Compounds 2 compare placarder n., placardeer n. N.E.D. (1907) also gives the pronunciation (plăkā·ɹd) /pləˈkɑːd/. I. A panel or section of clothing, armour, etc. 1. society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > body armour > [noun] > breast- or back-plate 1481 in J. P. Collier (1844) 275 In a gardviande, a peir brigandines, a plakart, ij. bavieres. ?1504 S. Hawes sig. ee.viiiv Fyrst she my legge harneys sette on And after my plackerd of grete ryches. 1548 f. xij Some had the helme the visere the two bauiers & the two plackardes..curiously grauen. 1552 R. Huloet Placard or breast plate, thorax. 1625 G. Markham 39 Some..would..adde a Placcard to cover the brestplate. 1630 J. Smith 13 Their Pistolls was the next, which marked Smith upon the placard; but the next shot the Turke was..wounded. 1826 H. Smith I. 41 Sir Giles hastily pulled down his vizor, and clasped it to the plackard. the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > other 1483 Wardrobe Acct. in (1807) I. 41 A plakert maade of half a yerd and half a quarter of blac velvet. 1529 (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/23) f. 58v My doblet of lether wt sleves & plagard of Russet velwet. 1548 f. ijv His iacket or cote of raised gold, the placard embrowdered with Diamondes Rubies, Emeraudes, great Pearles, and other riche Stones. 1984 J. Nunn 24 Some women adopted a bodice cut on the same lines as the male cote-hardie..edged the openings with fur, and had a front panel or plastron also of fur cut in a deep curve, variously decorated, which was known as a plackard or placcard. the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > clothing for lower body > skirt > parts of > pocket the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > clothing for lower body > skirt > parts of > other 1549 in J. G. Nichols (1859) 332 John Clerke..moved hym to use his forsaid practise for a kercher, a placard, and a double rayle which a woman of Westminster, as the said Clarke said, was stolne. 1589 J. Rider 1095 A Placarde, the fore part of a womans peticote, gremiolarium, thorax. ?1589 T. Nashe sig. 4 She will carrie a Martin in her plackarde in despite of the proudest of them all. a1592 R. Greene (1594) sig. A4v For feare of the cut-purse on a sodaine sheele swap thee into her plackerd. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > door or window ornaments 1728 E. Chambers Placard, in Architecture, the Decoration of the Door of an Apartment; consisting of a Chambranle, crown'd with its Frieze or Gorge; and its Corniche sometimes supported by Consoles. 1823 G. Crabb Placard, the decoration of the door of an apartment.] II. An official or public document. †4. An official document (originally) authenticated by a thin seal affixed to its surface. society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > document which permits or authorizes society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] > letter under seal 1482 in T. Rymer (1711) XII. 164/1 Certain Letters in Pauper sealed in Placquart wise with a grete rownde Seale in Rede Wex. 1495 c. 33 §12 Lettres of Placardys made to the same John, of thoffice of Constablisshippe of the Castell of Ludlowe. 1501 in 17 196 I received from the Kingges grace a plagarde. 1520 (P.R.O. 64/299 B) The kinges moost honorable lettres of placcarde dated under his signet. a1555 J. Bradford (1574) sig. Eiijv Haue we a plackard that God wyl do nothing to vs? 1573 T. Tusser Points Huswifrie (new ed.) f. 27v, in (new ed.) For sundry men, had plagards then, such childe to take. 1642 T. Fuller iii. xiii. 183 Others..[think] that Christianity gives us a placard to use these sports. 1652 P. Heylyn iii. sig. Yyy So cautelous, that without his Placard no stranger can have Ingress into his dominions. 1726 J. Ayliffe 341 Religious Houses cannot acquire real Estates by way of Legacy..without the Princes [sc. Charles V.'s] Placart or Licence. society > law > [noun] > edict, decree, ordinance, or institute a1530 T. Wolsey Let. in R. Fiddes (1724) Collect. 75 You count none Assurance by Treaties, Plakards, Proclamations or Articles. 1591 in (1900) XXI. 90 An open placard to al Maiors, Sherives, Justices of Peace, Baylifes, Constables, &c. 1645 J. Howell ii. xv. 25 All Placarts or Edicts are publishd in his name. 1665 No. 2/3 A strict Placcard against Duels throughout all the Provinces. 1756 26 363 On the 21st of last month was published a placart or declaration. 1768 (title) General Wolfe's Instructions to Young Officers,..and a Placart to the Canadians. society > law > [noun] > edict, decree, ordinance, or institute > of States General in Netherlands 1586 in (1914) VIII. 629 That the placardis published be the generall estaitis..inhibiting the transporte of all victuallis eist of the Seine, may be revokit on the part of Scottish subjectis. 1589 in (1872) 283/2 A commission to proceed with the States in requiring their justification of such points of their placart as concern my Lord Willoughby. 1654 B. Whitelocke (1772) II. 45 The queen had sent unto the states to repeale that placart. 1707 Ld. Godolphin Let. 22 May in H. L. Snyder (1975) II. 787 The lucre of that trafficke will make them find ways to evade the placard published by the States. 1738 (title page) A Playcart or Proclamation for preserving the Woollen Manufactures in Flanders. 1748 7–9 June Rotterdam, June 14. A Placart, suspending the Execution of the three Placarts published last Year in relation to the French Trade, was issued. 1855 J. L. Motley I. i. i. 114 Charles [V.] introduced and organised a papal inquisition, side by side with those terrible ‘placards’ of his invention [1550]. 1888 P. Schaff VI. vii. C. 601 Charles V issued from that city the first of a series of cruel enactments or ‘placards’ for the extermination of the Lutheran heresy. society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > [noun] > an announcement or proclamation society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing > a placard, notice, or bill 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. cxij Persecution at Paris, by reason of certen placardes. 1701 No. 3752/7 A Placart was affixed last night on the Doors of our Cathedral [Cologne], in Answer to that which was lately published by the Chapter. 1754 E. Burt I. iv. 77 A Bill to let you know there is a single Room to be lett, is called a Placard. 1818 33 338 A placard..was published to call the attention of the people to..the intended meeting. 1839 C. Dickens xvi. 140 In the window hung a long and tempting array of written placards, announcing vacant places. 1864 26 May 4 He encounters a sandwich man bearing placards. 1934 T. S. Eliot i. 40 On Christmas Day we can organize a Anti-God procession..with playcards an' ex'ibitions exposin' all the dope o' Christianity. 1966 D. Bagley iv. 102 If you think I'm going to walk about in the middle of a civil war bearing a placard inscribed ‘Prepare To Meet Thy Doom’ you're mistaken. 1977 17 Nov. a11/3 Police..ripped some poles from demonstrators' placards. 2003 Jan.–Feb. 22/3 Guest's Garage was also the alleged home base for the Klan security patrol, a group of four to six men, some of whom were known to drive about town with KKK placards fixed to the sides of their cars. Compounds C1. a. society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing > person who 1819 L. Hunt 5 Sept. 566/2 A placard-carrier..got a verdict from a Surrey jury. 1960 13 Aug. 6/7 (headline) Placard carriers hustled away. 2003 (Nexis) 16 Feb. 1 ‘Stop the killing, stop the crime. Israel out of Palestine,’ a group of placard-carriers chanted as the march moved inexorably down an otherwise deserted Piccadilly. 1895 5 Dec. 7/7 Interesting to placard collectors of all countries. b. society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [adjective] > who or that carries a placard 1958 9 Oct. 20/1 Arriving workmen had to push through a mass of placard-carrying pickets like those below. 2004 (Nexis) 10 Mar. 8 More than 100 placard carrying youngsters have marched on Cheshire County Hall to protest over the future closure of their Chester school. C2. society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing > person who 1809 16 Oct. 3/2 The placard-bearers, printed handkerchiefs, and cuffing matches, were as numerous as ever. 1899 W. I. Knapp I. 275 He employed placard-bearers to walk about the streets exhibiting his flaming advertisements. 1999 J. E. Dizard i. 30 At that meeting, held in the high school auditorium, those of us attending were greeted by placard bearers denouncing the killing of animals. society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing > person who 1832 15 Sept. 1/2 Salaries of receiver, check-taker, and placard men. 1846 V. 47 It is no worse to convert an Angel into a link-boy than into a placard-man. 2003 (Nexis) 13 June 40 The mini market's plea will be delivered via flyposters, letters to local residents, a placard man on the street corner outside Sainsbury's and stickers, to be stuck on Sainsbury's products. Derivatives 1995 (Nexis) 5 Apr. 49 A sheet-metal worker, a union meat cutter and an eleven-year-old fifth-grader had their say, placard-wise, beyond the walls of Coors Field Friday: ‘Scabies not Rockies: Please Do Not Go to the Game’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). placardv.Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: placard n. Etymology: < placard n. Compare French placarder (1611). N.E.D. (1907) also gives the pronunciation (plăkā·ɹd) /pləˈkɑːd/. society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [verb (transitive)] > publish by placard, notice, or bill a1713 A. Pitcairne (1722) iv. iii. 78 Tell them any Thing, and ye may as well Placad it on the Cross. 1744 9 Jan. How far the Magistrates could in such a case refuse Bail, and afterwards placaert the true Owners as Thieves, they are to answer. 1793 17 Dec. 2/3 A declaration..was ordered to be published and placarded through all the French territory. 1839 C. Dickens xxiv. 236 Bills..were placarded on all the walls. 1864 W. H. Ainsworth II. iv. ii. 95 The parliament..placarded written copies on the walls. 1930 J. Buchan (1932) vii. 133 It has never been my habit to placard my movements like a Court Circular. 1985 G. Frow vii. 91 Vestris was by now placarded on every wall and her likeness stuck in every window of every print shop. society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [verb (transitive)] > publish by placard, notice, or bill > put up placard, notice, or bill on 1813 Stamford News in 8 Mar. 148/1 Meetings were convened, walls placarded, and hand-bills distributed. 1868 H. H. Milman vi. 124 The pillars were placarded with advertisements. 1884 8 May 5/2 The town is already placarded with huge posters. 1915 A. S. Neill xvii. 192 I..placarded the quadrangles with flaring bills which screamed ‘Liars!’ 1951 W. C. Williams iv. §i Houses placarded: Unfit for human habitation. 1989 B. Chatwin 157 He has placarded the walls with pictures, and pinned unframed canvases to doors. Derivatives society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [adjective] > billed or posted 1854 W. B. Scott 24 The window looks unto the west O'er placarded walls. 1896 T. Hardy v. viii. 395 Sue and the other people bustling about Kennetbridge fair could hear singing inside the placarded hoarding further down the street. 1940 D. Powell i. 15 It passed the time while Indiana slid past the window, towns popped up, announced their names with a placarded station momentarily thrown on the screen. 1991 27 May 13/1 I have a list of disabilities as long as your arm, but..I can hop nimbly out of my placarded car. society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing 1800 101 It was Condoreet who presented the report of this important state paper, of which the impression, the placarding, and the transmission to the municipalities of France..was decreed. 1830 Nov. 456/1 In Paris..no further rioting or placarding has taken place. 1883 Oct. 793/2 This revelation disposes of all that industrious placarding. 2003 (Nexis) 20 Apr. The spate of placarding coming just weeks after an IRA punishment shooting in Stewartstown and exiling of a Coalisland man put a question mark over their commitment to peace. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1481v.a1713 |
