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单词 pinion
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pinionn.1

Brit. /ˈpɪnjən/, U.S. /ˈpɪnjən/
Forms: Middle English pingnion, Middle English ponyon (south-western), Middle English poynyon (south-western), Middle English punnion (south-western), Middle English punyon (south-western), Middle English pynnyon, Middle English pynoun, Middle English– pinion, 1500s pynon.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pinnon.
Etymology: < Old French pinnon, Old French, Middle French pignon, Middle French pingnon pinnacle, mountain peak (a1176), upper part of a wall, gable (a1211; French pignon ) < an unattested post-classical Latin derivative of classical Latin pinna battlement, pinnacle (see pin n.1). Compare Old Occitan pinhon (14th cent.; probably < French; Occitan pinhon).It is unclear whether the following earlier example is to be interpreted as showing the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word:1278 Bursar's Rolls, Merton Coll. in Archæol. Jrnl. (1846) 2 142 Item, ij s. v d. liberat. predicto Nicholao pro xiij pedibus de pynun table.
Now English regional (south-western) and rare.
A gable. Formerly also: †a pinnacle (obsolete). Cf. pignon n.2
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > gable
gable1371
gable fork1371
piniona1400
gable end1596
festier1601
eagle1682
pignon1875
step-gable1921
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 12958 (MED) He..sett him on þe hei pinion [a1400 Fairf. pynoun; Göt pingnion; a1400 Trin. Cambr. pinacle] O þe temple o þe tun.
a1472 in J. J. Wilkinson Receipts & Expenses Bodmin Church (1875) 15 (MED) Item, to John Hancok for x jornays and dimid. apon goter stonys and bergis of the punyon, v s. iij d.
1503 in E. Hobhouse Church-wardens' Accts. (1890) 126 Payd for ye makynge of ye pynon of Synt Jamys Chapell, for ye rowȝht werke xijd.
1585 J. Sharrock tr. C. Ockland Valiant Actes Eng. Nation sig. C3v The strong stone walls remainde, and housen pinions stared vast, All other thinges to ashes burnt.
1698 Building Contract (Berwick-upon-Tweed Rec. Office: NRO 1216/F.4) Putt up a pinion Gavell conformable to ye Loft.
1888 E. Laws Hist. Little Eng. beyond Wales 421 Pinion or Pine-end, the gable end of a house; French pignon, a gable.
1982 B. G. Charles Eng. Dial. S. Pembrokeshire 37/2 Pine-end, Pinion, the gable-end of a house.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pinionn.2

Brit. /ˈpɪnjən/, U.S. /ˈpɪnjən/
Forms: late Middle English pynoun, late Middle English pynyon, late Middle English–1500s pynnyon, late Middle English– pinion, 1500s pinnyan, 1500s punȝeoun (Scottish), 1500s pynnion, 1500s–1600s pineon, 1500s–1600s pinneon, 1500s–1600s pinnion, 1500s–1600s pinoun, 1500s–1600s pynion, 1600s pyneon.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French pinnon, pignon, pennon.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pignun, pinnon, variants of penun, and Middle French pignon, variant of pennon pennon n.; these variants are perhaps due to association with pignon pinion n.1; in French there is apparently no particular association of these variants with the sense ‘feather’. Compare Anglo-Norman enpenoun and Middle French empenon, empeignon one of the first four small flight feathers of the wing in falcons, feather of an arrow (13th cent. in Old French; French †empennon), Old Occitan pinho (13th cent.), Spanish piñón small flight feather (1558 in this sense; < French).
I. Senses relating to wings and feathers.
1.
a. A bird's wing; esp. (chiefly poetic and rhetorical) the wing of a bird in flight. Also: the terminal segment of a bird's wing, bearing the primary flight feathers.In later use passing into sense 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > body and limbs > [noun] > wing
wingc1175
flightc1275
pinion?a1425
fan1631
van1815
the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > wing or wings > part of
pinion?a1425
juck1575
shoulder1735
wrista1836
wing1867
propatagium1872
thumb1872
patagium1887
flight-muscle1890
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 113 Be þe fleshez þus preperate..brissed or stamped with þe whenge or pinion of a hen [?c1425 Paris capownes wenge; L. ala galline] & alitel gyngyuer.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 400 Pynyon, of a wynge, pennula.
a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 104 (MED) Take þe blode of þe pynoun of a swalugh and drope in þe eye.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 254/2 Pynnyon of a wyng, bout de lesle.
?1606 M. Drayton Eglog v, in Poemes sig. E4v With nimble pineons shall direct her flight.
a1634 W. Austin Devotionis Augustinianæ Flamma (1635) 255 How oft do they [sc. Angels] with golden Pinions cleave The flitting skies like flying Pursevant?
1757 T. Gray Ode I iii. iii, in Odes 11 Nor the pride, nor ample pinion, That the Theban Eagle bear Sailing with supreme dominion Thro' the azure deep of air.
1822 J. Montgomery Songs of Zion 62 Far as the eagle's pinion Or dove's light wing can soar.
1863 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 153 39 The anterior of the three digits which are developed in the bird's pinion..remains free.
1906 Amer. Naturalist 40 538 Vultures..rise slowly, but once in the air sustain themselves on almost motionless pinions.
1994 P. Reading Ovidian in Coll. Poems (1996) II. 256 I am Perseus,..Perseus who dared to brave the winds on feathery pinions.
b. figurative. Chiefly poetic.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > binding or fettering > [noun] > bond(s) or fetter(s) or shackle(s)
bendc890
shacklea1000
bandc1175
bonda1325
aneus1360
warlockc1400
leashc1430
link?a1500
shackle1540
cramp-ring1567
locketa1643
restraint1650
pinion1733
manacle1838
span1856
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge iv. v. sig. Iv The gloomie wing of night begins to stretch His lasie pinion ouer all the ayre.
a1649 W. Drummond Irene in Wks. (1711) 166 To League, is imperiously to command their King and Sovereign to cut short his Pinions, and strive to be more than his Equal.
1733 A. Pope Ess. Man i. 87 Hope humbly then; with trembling pinions soar.
1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 110 When light clouds on airy pinions sail.
1820 P. B. Shelley Ode to Liberty xix, in Prometheus Unbound 222 My song, its pinions disarrayed of might, Drooped.
1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 449 The elemental unfledged pinions of the sea.
1926 Science 4 June 569/1 My habitual inclination..is to pluck feathers from the wings of passing rumor... I have apparently..added a feather to her pinions.
1992 A. Thorpe Ulverton ii. 28 Our late curate, God rest his soul, who came to us on very tender pinions out of his ordination.
c. Originally: the whole wing of a cooked or dressed bird. Later: the terminal segment of such a wing. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > fowls > [noun] > cuts or parts of fowl
wingc1470
soul?a1475
giblet1546
merrythought1598
sideman1632
sidesman1642
drumstick1646
pinion1655
side bone1712
chicken liver1733
pope's nose1788
liver wing1796
apron1807
parson's nose1836
stumps1845
oyster1855
supreme1856
wishbone1860
pulling bone1877
carcass1883
pully-bone1897
pull-bonea1903
chicken breast1941
chicken tender1955
1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xiii. 116 The pinions of geese, hens, capons, and chickens are of good nourishment.
1673 Gentlewomans Compan. 115 If you will Unbrace a Mallard, raise up the Pinion and the Leg, but take them not off.
1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 235 I will help thee to a Pinion, or Breast, or any thing.
1875 Beeton's Everyday Cookery 507 Run a skewer through the pinion and thigh into the body to the pinion and thigh on the other side.
1895 J. L. W. Thudichum Cookery xliv. 487 The pinions of fowls may..be stuffed with farce and braised.
1904 C. T. Herrick & ‘M. Harland’ Consolidated Libr. Mod. Cooking III. 319 Pass a skewer through the pinions and thighs.
1910 C. Fellows Menu Maker 49 Curried pinions of fowl with rice.
2.
a. Any of the flight feathers of a bird's wing; spec. a primary feather.In quot. 1545: the outermost primary. In quot. 1973: an emarginated primary.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > wing or wings > feather(s) on > primary feather(s)
flags1486
pinion feather1486
pinion1545
pen-feather1602
quill feather1678
remexa1705
flight1735
flight-feather1735
primary1776
rower1835
remicle1887
pen plume1899
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 16v The seconde fether in some place is better then the pinion in other some.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. xii. 4 An argument that he is pluckt, when hither He sends so poore a Pinnion of his Wing. View more context for this quotation
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Pinion,..the quills from the joint farthest from the body of the wing of the goose or swan, used for making pens.
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xx. 532 First there are the ordinary pennae,..whether covering the body as a whole (contours), or forming the pinions (remiges) and the tail (rectrices).
1973 Systematic Zool. 22 442/1 Such a pinion system is formed most obviously by emargination of outer and inner webs of the affected primary feathers.
1996 Sci. Amer. Mar. 6/1 I have employed a sailing apparatus very like the outspread pinions of a soaring bird.
b. The shaft of a feather. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > part of
pen1381
quill?a1425
dowlc1535
rib1545
web1575
pilec1600
twill1664
beard1688
pinion1691
vane1713
shaft1748
beardlet1804
medulla1826
barb1835
barbule1835
stem1845
feather-pulp1859
aftershaft1867
barbicel1869
filament1870
vexillum1871
scape1872
rachis1874
harl1877
calamus1878
radius1882
ramus1882
scapus1882
cilia1884
1691 tr. M.-C. d'Aulnoy Ingenious Lett.: Trav. Spain 8 Our Beds..being stuck with Feathers whose Pinions ran into our sides.
3.
a. The wing of an insect; spec. the anterior edge of a moth's forewing. In later use chiefly in compounds forming the names of moths.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [noun] > wings(s) > anterior border
pinion1720
1720 E. Albin Nat. Hist. Eng. Insects Descr. Pl. xcv A yellowish moth with brown clouds towards the pinions of the upper wings.
1832 J. Rennie Conspectus Butterflies & Moths Brit. 145 The Pinion Snout (H[ypena] obesalis, Ochsenheimer). Wings..ashy grey; first pair with a black spot from the base to the middle.
1869 E. Newman Illustr. Nat. Hist. Brit. Moths 118/2 The Pinion-spotted Pug.
a1872 T. B. Read House by Sea in Poet. Wks. (1883) 200 All my hopes, like night-moths, fly and scorch their airy pinions.
1908 R. South Moths Brit. Isles II. 265 White-pinion Spotted (Bapta bimaculata). The two cross lines on the fore wings of this silky white species..commences in blackish spots on the front margin.
a1910 W. V. Moody Moon-moth in Poems & Plays (1912) 161 Look, lo, the rainbow-colored pinions please To settle! A moon-moth, by all my dreams it is!
1984 B. Skinner Moths Brit. Isles 157/2 Pinion-streaked Snout Schrankia costaestrigalis... Ground colour variable, ranging from whitish-brown to blackish-brown.
b. Any of various moths, esp. noctuids of the genera Cosmia and Lithophane, that have distinctive markings on the forewing. Usually with distinguishing word.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Lepidoptera or butterflies and moths > [noun] > member of
flinder1340
pinion1775
lepidopter1828
scale-wing1864
lepidopteran1865
1775 M. Harris Eng. Lepidoptera 39 No. 275 Pinion, white spotted,..on elm trees in hanging wood. No. 276 Pinion, double spotted,..brown, having two white spots on the sector edge.
1908 R. South Moths Brit. Isles II. 28 The Tawny Pinion (Lithophane (Xylina) semibrunnea)... The black streak from above the middle of the inner margin towards the hind margin should be noted.
1974 W. Condry Woodlands xiii. 146 Two reddish little moths, the lesser-spotted pinion and the white-spotted pinion..lay their eggs on common elm or wych elm.
1984 B. Skinner Moths Brit. Isles 126/1 Lunar-spotted Pinion Cosmia pyralina... Comes regularly to light and sugar.
II. Extended uses.
4. Heraldry. Perhaps: a saltire; a chevron. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > charge of simplest or commonest kind > chevron
chevron1395
pinion1486
spar1486
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > cross > [noun] > saltire or St. Andrew's cross
saltire?a1400
pinion1486
Burgonian cross1578
saltorel1780
1486 Coote Armuris sig. Bvv, in Bk. St. Albans Ther be in armys calde ij. pynyonys, Oon is Whan the feeld his a sawtri... The secunde pynyon is called cheffrounce.
5.
a. The shoulder blade of a mammal. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > body and limbs > [noun] > shoulder > shoulder blade
pinion1545
1545 Bibliotheca Eliotæ Ala is also the pinion of the shulder of a beast.
b. A winglike adornment or style of a garment's shoulder or sleeve, fashionable in the 16th and 17th centuries. Cf. pinioning n.1 Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > trimmings or ornamentation > other
jace1399
loopa1475
shakers1506
aglet1530
nerve1531
pipe1533
targeting1563
pinion1583
pinioning1597
tzitzit1618
loop-lace1632
button1671
tip1681
fal-lal1703
falbala1705
furbelow1706
jewelling1718
weeper1724
pompom1748
chiffons1765
foliage-trimming1818
mancheron1822
piping1825
manchette1835
patte1835
streamer1838
waterfall1841
paillette1843
brandenburgs1873
motif1882
patch1884
smocking1888
jockey1896
strapping1898
steel1899
sparklet1902
slotting1923
1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Fvv The Women..haue dublets & Ierkins..made with wings, welts and pinions on the shoulder points.
1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico iv. 78 The pinnions of their sleeves, which they call wings, are laid with silk fringe of divers colours.
1957 M. B. Picken Fashion Dict. 252/2 Pinion,..shoulder line popular in 17th century, in which shoulder extends over top of sleeve.
c. The human arm. humorous. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > arm > [noun]
armeOE
brawna1382
hand?a1425
branch1594
bridle arm1622
shield-arm1640
smiter1673
sword-arm1687
fin1785
pistol arm1800
spade-arm1804
pinion1848
liver wing1855
bow-arm1860
meathook1919
gun1973
1848 W. M. Thackeray Bk. Snobs xxxvii. 143 The Standard under his left arm, the Globe under the other pinion.
d. A flange or wing on a chisel. Cf. celt n.2 Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1890 Smithsonian Rep. 511 In Egypt..celts with pinions are met with.
6. A manacle, a fetter. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > binding or fettering > [noun] > bond(s) or fetter(s) or shackle(s) > for the hands or arms
copsa700
manaclec1350
handlock1532
hand-bolt1563
handcuff1649
cuff1663
Darbies1673
glim-fenders1699
government securities1707
pinion1736
ruffles1776
bracelet1817
nippers1821
handicuff1825
shangy1839
snitchers1864
come-along1874
shackle-irons1876
mitten1880
wristlet1881
snaps1891
snips1891
stringers1893
twister1910
1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Linguæ Latinæ Pinions, or manicles for the hands, manicæ. Pinions, or fetters for the feet, compedes.
1797 T. Connelly & T. Higgins Diccionario Nuevo y Completo de las Lenguas Española é Inglesa II. 218/1 Pinions, fetters for the hands.
1962 J. Hawkes Lime Twig v. 113 Banks rolled over, making the effort to throw off the pinion and move despite the nervelessness of muscles, despite paralysis.

Compounds

C1.
pinion feather n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > wing or wings > feather(s) on > primary feather(s)
flags1486
pinion feather1486
pinion1545
pen-feather1602
quill feather1678
remexa1705
flight1735
flight-feather1735
primary1776
rower1835
remicle1887
pen plume1899
1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. bj The federis that sum call the pynyon feder.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 300 The pinion feathers blacke, the vpper plume reddish.
1748 Acct. Voy. for Discov. North-west Passage I. 155 The whole Feathers (excepting the Pinion Feathers, and the large Feathers of the Tail) are double.
1870 Philos. Trans. 1869 (Royal Soc.) 159 628 The red pigment occurs in the primary and secondary pinion-feathers.
1997 Times (Nexis) 18 Jan. The quill [pen] is made from the pinion feathers of birds.
pinion-push n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1880 R. Browning Pietro in Dramatic Idyls 156 The eaglet callow Needs a parent's pinion-push to quit the eyrie's edge.
C2.
pinion bone n. rare each of the bones of the terminal segment of a bird's wing; the carpal, metacarpal, and phalangeal bones together, as removed when a bird is pinioned.
ΚΠ
1863 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 153 38 A slender bone, about 11 lines long, extending forward in the same line or direction as the above pinion-bones.
1997 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant (Nexis) 17 Dec. a4 Bean abandoned plans to have the bird's pinion bone removed, which would have prevented her from flying.
pinion-claw n. Obsolete rare a claw borne by a digit of the wing in certain birds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > toe or claw
clawa700
toec1386
palma1425
pawc1440
talon1486
spur1548
heel1631
heel spur1871
pinion-claw1884
bird claw1889
1884 Longman's Mag. Jan. 295 The Australian bush-turkeys have also the rudiment or last relic of a primitive pinion-claw.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

pinionn.3

Origin: Of uncertain origin.
Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps compare pinion n.2 or pennon n.
Obsolete. rare.
A kind of card game.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [noun] > others
laugh and lie down1522
mack1548
decoyc1555
pinionc1557
to beat the knave out of doors1570
imperial1577
prima vista1587
loadum1591
flush1598
prime1598
thirty-perforce1599
gresco1605
hole1621
my sow's pigged1621
slam1621
fox-mine-host1622
whipperginnie1622
crimpa1637
hundred1636
pinache1641
sequence1653
lady's hole1658
quebas1668
art of memory1674
costly colours1674
penneech1674
plain dealing1674
wit and reason1680
comet1685
lansquenet1687
incertain1689
macham1689
uptails1694
quinze1714
hoc1730
commerce1732
matrimonya1743
tredrille1764
Tom come tickle me1769
tresette1785
snitch'ems1798
tontine1798
blind hazard1816
all fives1838
short cards1845
blind hookey1852
sixty-six1857
skin the lamb1864
brisque1870
handicap1870
manille1874
forty-five1875
slobberhannes1877
fifteen1884
Black Maria1885
slapjack1887
seven-and-a-half1895
pit1904
Russian Bank1915
red dog1919
fan-tan1923
Pelmanism1923
Slippery Sam1923
go fish1933
Russian Banker1937
racing demon1938
pit-a-pat1947
scopa1965
c1557 Enterlude of Youth (new ed.) sig. Ciii At the cardes I can theche you to play At the..Post, pinion and also aumsase.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

pinionn.4

Brit. /ˈpɪnjən/, U.S. /ˈpɪnjən/
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French pignon.
Etymology: < French pignon the smaller of a pair of cog wheels engaged with one another (1328 in Middle French as paingnon ), a cog wheel with a limited number of teeth in watchmaking (mid or second half of the 14th cent.) < peigne comb (a1181 in Old French as piegne in an early 13th-cent. copy (see note); < classical Latin pecten comb: see pecten n.) + -on -oon suffix. Compare Old Occitan pinhon tooth of a cog wheel (1427; Occitan penhon, pinhon).The vowel of French peigne has been influenced by peigner to comb (see peignoir n.); compare also Middle French forms such as peignon, paingnon. Forms such as French pignon and Old French pigne, piegne retain the inherited vowel.
Mechanics.
a. A small cog or spur wheel, the teeth of which engage with those of a larger cog or a rack (rack n.4 5). Also: a spindle or axle having cogs or teeth which engage with the teeth of a wheel.In watchmaking a pinion is usually regarded as having not more than twelve teeth.rack and pinion: see rack n.4 5.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > cog or gear > small
pinion1659
spur-nut1803
1659 J. Leak tr. I. de Caus New Inventions Water-works 9 If the Wheel A be turned by the Pinion C of 10. Teeth.
1792 Brit. Patent 1879 (1856) 5 The pinion P pitches into and turns the wheel R.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 358 If the teeth of wheels and the leaves of pinions consisted of materials perfectly hard, and were accurately formed..they would act on each other not only with uniform force, but also without friction.
1854 J. Hogg Microscope i. i. 7 Capable of various adjustments, and regulated by a pinion and rack.
1918 F. D. Jones Mechanisms & Mech. Movements vii. 199 A pinion moving along a stationary rack will cause a movable rack on the opposite side to travel with twice the pitch-line velocity of the pinion.
1954 R. Wailes Eng. Windmill iii. 36 Immediately below this pinion is mounted a large spur gear with a Y wheel fixed to its rim.
1990 W. A. Livesey GCSE Motor Vehicle Stud. xi. 92/1 The final drive gear ratio is the ratio of the speed of the pinion to that of the crown wheel.
b. pinion of report n. [cf. report n. 9b] Watchmaking a pinion fixed on the same arbor or axle as the main wheel and driving the dial wheel. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [noun] > parts of
barrel1591
motion1605
bezel1616
fusee1622
string1638
crown wheel1646
out-case1651
watch-box1656
nuck1664
watchwork1667
balance-wheel1669
box1675
dial wheel1675
counter-potence1678
pendulum-balance1680
watch-case1681
pillar1684
contrate teeth1696
pinion of report1696
watch-hook1698
bob-balance1701
half-cock1701
potence1704
verge1704
pad1705
movable1709
jewel1711
pendant1721
crystal1722
watch-key1723
pendulum spring1728
lock spring1741
watch-glass1742
watch-spring1761
all-or-nothing piece1764
watch hand1764
cylinder1765
cannon?1780
cannon1802
stackfreed1819
pillar plate1821
little hand1829
hair-spring1830
lunette1832
all-or-nothing1843
locking1851
slag1857
staff1860
case spring1866
stem1866
balance-cock1874
watch-dial1875
balance-spring1881
balance-staff1881
Breguet spring1881
overcoil1881
surprise-piece1881
brass edge1884
button turn1884
fourth wheel1884
fusee-sink1884
pair-case1884
silver bar1884
silver piece1884
slang1884
top plate1884
karrusel1893
watch-face1893
watch bracelet1896
bar-movement1903
jewel pivot1907
jewel bearing1954
1696 W. Derham Artific. Clock-maker i. 5 The Pinion of Report..is that Pinion which is commonly fixed on the Arbor of the Great-Wheel..; which driveth the Dial Wheel, and carrieth about the Hand.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Pinion Pinion of report is that pinion, in a watch, which is commonly fix'd on the arbor of the great wheel.
1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 94 As many turns of the pin-wheel as are required to perform the strokes of twelve hours,..so many turns must the pinion of report have to turn round the count-wheel once.

Compounds

C1.
pinion flank n.
ΚΠ
1876 S. W. Robinson Pract. Treat. Teeth of Wheels 103 (table) For internal gearing, pinion flanks radial.
1986 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 403 316 Pinion flank pressure angle.
pinion shaft n.
ΚΠ
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 137 These plummer-blocks are bolted down to the top-rails of the frame, to which also the separate bearings of the pinion-shafts are..bolted.
1972 H. E. Ellinger Automechanics xxiii. 400 Pinion preload is sufficient to eliminate any end play in the pinion shaft and still low enough to prevent bearing damage.
2002 Guardian (Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island) (Nexis) 15 Nov. b11 If the pinion shaft moves too far, some drivers could experience higher resistance when turning left followed by unintended power assist to the right.
pinion-work n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1767 E. Darwin Let. 11 Nov. (2007) 84 In your Business no Tooth and Pinion-Work will be necessary.
1826 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 116 430 The western side plate was removed from its pier, in order that Mr. Troughton might apply to it, the pinion work just alluded to.
1872 J. D. Everett Deschanel's Elem. Treat. Nat. Philos. II. xxxiii. 469 A backward and forward motion was thus obtained, which Papin proposed to convert into a rotatory motion by means of rack and pinion work and ratchet-wheels.]
C2.
pinion bottoming file n. Obsolete = pinion-file n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [noun] > making watches > tools or materials used in watchmaking
wig-wag1582
turn-bench1680
fusee-engine1858
parachute1865
fraise1874
pinion-file1875
watch-oil1876
bouchon1881
spotter1881
bench winder1884
knee-punch1884
pinion bottoming file1884
pinion gauge1884
stake1884
wax lathe1884
turner1891
1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 242 A file cutting only on the edge is more generally called a safe sided lever notch file, or a pinion bottoming file.
pinion-file n. Watchmaking Obsolete a fine knife-edged file.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [noun] > making watches > tools or materials used in watchmaking
wig-wag1582
turn-bench1680
fusee-engine1858
parachute1865
fraise1874
pinion-file1875
watch-oil1876
bouchon1881
spotter1881
bench winder1884
knee-punch1884
pinion bottoming file1884
pinion gauge1884
stake1884
wax lathe1884
turner1891
1854 C. Tomlinson Cycl. Useful Arts I. 642/1 [Files used in watch-making.] No. 4. When parallel, equalling, clock-pinion, and endless-screw files.]
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1707/1 Pinion-file (Watchmaking), a knife-file employed by watchmakers.
pinion gauge n. (also pinion gage) Watchmaking Obsolete a pair of calipers used to measure the height of the shoulders of pinions, etc., the distance between the legs being adjustable by a screw.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [noun] > making watches > tools or materials used in watchmaking
wig-wag1582
turn-bench1680
fusee-engine1858
parachute1865
fraise1874
pinion-file1875
watch-oil1876
bouchon1881
spotter1881
bench winder1884
knee-punch1884
pinion bottoming file1884
pinion gauge1884
stake1884
wax lathe1884
turner1891
1779 Philos. Trans. 1778 (Royal Soc.) 68 959 For if in the usual method of using a pinion-gage one was to take upon a wheel of 12 or 18 teeth a little more than the three points..supposed to be in due proportion with a pinion of six.
1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 193 Pinion Gauge, a gauge used by watchmakers for taking the height of pinion shoulders and other measurements.
pinion jack n. Obsolete a jack for raising a stone pinion in a mill out of gear.
ΚΠ
1854 C. W. Richmond Let. 17 July in Richmond-Atkinson Papers (1960) I. 150 Broadmore says a screw jack is no use with logs. If a rack and pinion jack can be procured that is the right thing.]
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 682/1 Pinion Jack (Milling), a jack for raising the stone pinion out of gear.
pinion leaf n. Obsolete = leaf n.1 12.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > wheel > [noun] > parts of wheels > tooth
coga1250
tooth?1523
sprocket1655
staff1659
leaf1675
wrong1688
round1731
wrist1864
whelp1875
wrist-pin1875
pinion leaf1881
1881 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (ed. 4) 132 The shoulder or beginning of the rounding of a wheel tooth should come into contact with the shoulder of a pinion leaf.
pinion wire n. steel wire having grooves along its length at regular intervals round the circumference, so that its cross-section has the shape of a cog wheel, and from which small pinions (esp. for clocks and watches) can be cut.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > wire > types of
silver wire14..
white wire1463
virginal wire1662
pin-wire1674
binding wire1767
pinion wire1767
electric wire1819
music wire1823
gutta-percha-wire1876
No. eight1876
picture wire1876
number eight1952
microwire1953
plated wire1960
nanowire1990
1767 J. Anderson Progr. Arts & Sci. 42 in O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. (rev. ed.) II An Engine for drawing of Pinion Wire of Steel for Watches.
1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 194 Pinion Wire,..steel wire drawn with corrugations resembling pinion leaves, from which pinions are made.
1991 Model Engineer 15 Mar. 322/2 There is absolutely no point in making the arbor in one piece.., as used to be done when the supply of pinion wire was unlimited.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pinionn.5

Brit. /ˈpɪnjən/, U.S. /ˈpɪnjən/
Forms: 1600s pineon, 1600s pinnion, 1700s– pinion.
Origin: Apparently a borrowing from French. Etymons: French pignon, peignon.
Etymology: Apparently < French pignon, variant of peignon (although this is first attested later in this sense: 1726 as peignon ; earlier in sense ‘matter removed during carding of hemp’ (1680 as pignon ); compare laine peignon refuse wool (1723)) < peigner to comb, to card textile fibres (a1187 in this sense: see peignoir n.) + -on -oon suffix.
Now English regional (south-western) and rare.
In plural. Short pieces and knots of refuse wool produced during the combing process. Cf. noil n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [noun] > wool > refuse
noils1623
pinions1670
backings1780
pluck1825
1670 in R. Machin Probate Inventories Chetnole, Leigh & Yetminster (1976) Inv. 55 Ten pound of Pineons at 6d each pound.
1686 in M. Cash Devon Inventories 16th & 17th Cent. 156 78lb of fleece worth..1381/ 2lb of Colour pinnions... 73lb of whitt Pinnions... 571/ 2lb of corse Pinnions.
1780 A. Young Tour Ireland (Dublin ed.) II. 18 To each stone there is one pound and three quarters of pinions of short wool that comes out in the combing.
1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II. 626/1 Pinions, refuse wool. Somerset.
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Pinions,.. This word..is thoroughly West country. In other parts this regular article of commerce is called ‘noils’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pinionv.

Brit. /ˈpɪnjən/, U.S. /ˈpɪnjən/
Forms: 1500s pynyon, 1500s– pinion, 1600s pinneon, 1600s pinnion, 1600s pynion, 1700s pingion.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pinion n.2
Etymology: < pinion n.2 Compare post-classical Latin pignonare to pinion swans (1285 in a British source).Sense 2 is likely to have been the original meaning in English.
1.
a. transitive. To bind or secure together the arms or legs of (a person); to restrain (a person), prevent the use of (the arms) with a tight hold; to shackle.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > binding or fettering > bind, fetter, or shackle [verb (transitive)] > by the hands or arms
manaclea1350
pinion1556
handfast1587
handlock1587
pinno1596
immanacle1637
handcuff1649
cuff1693
hand-bolt1702
1556 N. Grimald tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Duties iii. f. 155 The same suttle and wyly fox shold be caried pynniond vnto Annibal.
1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos ii. sig. C.iv The shepeherdes..a yongman haue ycaught, And pynyond with his handes behind onto the kyng him brought.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xxi. 31 All their hands he pinnioned behinde With their owne girdles.
a1680 S. Butler Genuine Remains (1759) II. 84 He carries his elbows backward, as if he were pinioned like a trust-up Fowl.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. i. 5 Finding us all prostrate upon our Faces..they pinioned us with strong Ropes.
1826 J. F. Cooper Last of Mohicans II. viii. 140 When the formidable Huron was completely pinioned, the scout released his hold.
1835 J. M. Wilson Hist. Tales Borders I. 22/1 The sailors attempted to pinion Peter's arms.
1938 S. Beckett Murphy iii. 40 She made to rise, he pinioned her wrists.
1994 L. A. Graf Traitor Winds xv. 185 Chekov pushed away from the hands that reached to pinion him.
b. transitive. To tie or pin (a person, the arms, etc.) (down) to something; to bind (the arms) together.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > bind or tie [verb (intransitive)] > be tied
pinion1608
tie1842
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > bind or tie [verb (transitive)] > bind > bind up or together
forbindc897
bindc1000
to-knita1300
truss1340
louka1393
to knit up1509
to wind up?1533
upbind1590
pinion1608
abligate1615
fillet1633
ligament1659
ligature1716
1608 R. Johnson Hist. Seuen Champions Christendome (new ed.) i. 132 The condemned Blackamoore King came to the place of execution,..his hands piniond together with a chaine of gold.
a1690 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1721) II. 131 The Prisoners..being pinion'd two and two together by the Arms.
1742 A. Pope New Dunciad 130 And while on Fame's triumphant Car they ride, Some Slave of mine be pinion'd to their side.
1831 T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle xviii. 286 Mr. Toogood..contrived to slip a ponderous coat of mail over his shoulders, which pinioned his arms to his sides.
1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales II. 47 The beetle being somewhat restless, they pinioned down his horns..to the ground.
1905 Baroness Orczy Scarlet Pimpernel ix. 88 They were pinioned to one another back to back, their arms, hands, and legs securely fastened.
1989 T. Ferguson Kinkajou i. ix. 85 In a vivid flash I pictured myself pinioned to that bed.
2. transitive. To prevent (a bird) from flying by cutting off the pinion of one or both wings (spec. by amputating the carpal, metacarpal, and phalangeal bones), or (formerly) by binding the wings; to cut off the pinion of (a bird's wing).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > [verb (transitive)] > bind wings
pinion1577
pinacle1614
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 169 They that meane to fatte Pigions..Some..doo softly tye theyr legges:..Some vse onely to pinion them [L. aliqui solum pinnas alarum rescindunt quo minus euolare possint].
a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 129 The Swanners gette up the younge swannes about midsummer..and then doe they allsoe pinnion them, cuttinge a joynte of theire right winges.
a1667 A. Cowley Several Disc. by Way of Ess., Verse & Prose 138 in Wks. (1668) Suppose, thou Fortune couldst to tameness bring, And clip or pinion her wing.
1727 P. Longueville Hermit 224 His two old Ducks..being pingion'd could not fly away.
1786 G. White Jrnl. 20 Apr. (1970) xix. 275 This bird, being only pinioned, was caught alive, & put into a cage.
1850 D. J. Browne Amer. Poultry Yard 242 They..should have been pinioned at the first joint of the wing.
1922 H. M. Lamon & R. R. Slocum Ducks & Geese ix. 160 One wing should therefore be pinioned or the flight feathers clipped to keep the birds from flying away.
1986 T. Bartlett Ducks & Geese iii. 22 Make sure that one wing is clipped or that they have been previously pinioned.
2001 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 9 June 4 The nature center veterinarian examined the cygnets and pinioned their wings Friday.
3. In extended use.
a. transitive. To bind, restrict, or trap, esp. mentally.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > entrap, ensnare [verb (transitive)]
shrenchc897
beswike971
betrapa1000
bewindOE
undernimc1175
undertakec1175
bisayc1200
beguile?c1225
catchc1225
beginc1250
biwilea1275
tele?a1300
enginec1300
lime13..
umwrithea1340
engrin1340
oblige1340
belimec1350
enlacec1374
girnc1375
encumber138.
gnarec1380
enwrap1382
briguea1387
snarl1387
upbroid1387
trap1390
entrikea1393
englue1393
gildera1400
aguilec1400
betraisec1400
embrygec1400
snare1401
lacea1425
maska1425
begluec1430
marl1440
supprise?c1450
to prey ona1500
attrap1524
circumvene1526
entangle1526
tangle1526
entrap1531
mesh1532
embrake1542
crawl1548
illaqueate1548
intricate1548
inveigle1551
circumvent1553
felter1567
besnare1571
in trick1572
ensnare1576
overcatch1577
underfong1579
salt1580
entoil1581
comprehend1584
windlassa1586
folda1592
solicit1592
toil1592
bait1600
beset1600
engage1603
benet1604
imbrier1605
ambush1611
inknot1611
enmesha1616
trammela1616
fool1620
pinion1621
aucupate1630
fang1637
surprise1642
underreacha1652
trepan1656
ensnarl1658
stalk1659
irretiate1660
coil1748
nail1766
net1803
to rope in1840
mousetrap1870
spider1891
1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 70 Feare inuades them, and pynions them vp.
1641 J. Milton Animadversions 27 Laying before us universall propositions, and then thinks..to pinion them with a limitation.
1764 C. Churchill Gotham ii. 9 Let me..praise their heav'n, tho' pinion'd down to earth.
1781 W. Cowper Truth 133 Yon ancient prude..Her elbows pinioned close upon her hips.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lviii. 525 The gentleman, pinioned as he was by these two ladies, carried further a parasol, shawl, and basket.
1951 N. Monsarrat Cruel Sea (1953) vi. vii. 474 For now, pinioned by misery, he was the target of every stray dream.
1994 L. A. Graf Firestorm xv. 155 Sulu stood pinioned by her dark gaze.
b. transitive. To spear or pin down with a fork.
ΚΠ
1899 S. Crane Blue Hotel v, in Monster & Other Stories 132 He jabbed out harpoon-fashion with his fork to pinion a biscuit.
1937 V. Woolf Years 272 The fork she held upright seemed like a weapon with which she was about to pinion him.
2001 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 27 July He pinioned the steak with a fork and sawed at the corner.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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