pinen.²

Brit.

/pʌɪn/, U.S.

/paɪn/

Inflections: Plural pines, unchanged.

Forms: Old English pinn- (in compounds, rare), Old English–Middle English pin, Middle English payn, Middle English pigne, Middle English pyon, Middle English pyoun, Middle English pyner (plural, transmission error), Middle English–1500s pyn, Middle English–1600s pyne, Middle English– pine, 1500s pynne; Scottish pre-1700 peine, pre-1700 pyn, pre-1700 1700s– pine, pre-1700 1900s– pyne.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin pīnus; French pin.

Etymology: Originally < classical Latin pīnus (see below); subsequently reinforced by Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French pin (c1100; French pin) < classical Latin pīnus pine tree, pinewood, ship, mast, oar, torch, probably < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek πίτυς pine tree, and the first element of Sanskrit pītudāru, denoting a kind of pine. Compare Old Occitan pin (c1070; Occitan pin), Catalan pi (1033 as pin), Spanish pino (800), Italian pino (a1292).With sense 1b compare classical Latin pīnea pine cone (use as noun of feminine of pīneus of or belonging to the pine tree < pīnus pine tree + -eus : see -eous suffix); also Old French pinee , Old Occitan pinha (a1149; Occitan pinha ), Catalan pinya (13th cent.), Spanish piña (c1250 as pinna ; compare pina n.), Italian pigna (14th cent.). Compare also Anglo-Norman pyne, Old French pin occasionally in this sense. The form pigne (in Gower) may show influence from the place name in the preceding line, with which it rhymes.

I. A tree, and related uses.

a. Any of the numerous evergreen coniferous trees and shrubs of north temperate regions constituting the genus Pinus (family Pinaceae), having long needle-like leaves in clusters of usually two, three, or five on the side shoots, many of which furnish valuable wood, turpentine, tar, etc., and several of which have edible seeds. Formerly also: any of certain other trees of the family Pinaceae. †tree of (a) pine: = pine tree n.

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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > pines and allies

pine treeeOE

pineOE

pine-nut treec1330

pineapplec1390

pineapple treea1398

mountain pine1597

pine1597

mountain pine1601

frankincense1611

rosin flower?1611

black pine1683

Scotch pine1706

yellow pine1709

Jersey pine1743

loblolly pine1760

mugoa1768

Scots pine1774

Scotch fir1777

arrow plant1779

scrub pine1791

Georgia pine1796

old field pine1797

tamarack1805

grey pine1810

pond pine1810

New Jersey pine1818

loblolly1819

Corsican pine1824

celery-top pine1827

toatoa1831

heavy-wooded pine1836

nut pine1845

celery pine1851

celery-topped pine1851

sugar-pine1853

western white pine1857

Jeffrey1858

Korean pine1858

lodge-pole pine1859

jack pine1863

whitebark pine1864

twisted pine1866

Monterey pine1868

tanekaha1875

chir1882

slash-pine1882

celery-leaved pine1883

knee-pine1884

knobcone pine1884

matsu1884

meadow pine1884

Alaska pine1890

limber pine1901

bristlecone pine1908

o-matsu1916

insignis1920

radiata1953

OE Glosses to Excerptiones de Prisciano in N. R. Ker Catal. MSS containing Anglo-Saxon (1957) 442 Pinus : pin.

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 32 (MED) He is papeiai in pyn þat beteþ me my bale.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 1010 In the wode of Nonarcigne, Enclosed with the tres of Pigne.

a1425 (?c1350) Northern Passion (Harl. 4196) l. 307* (MED) Of þam sall thre wandes spring..Þe first of cyder..Þe secund sal be of cypres, And þe thrid of pine sal be.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 357 b/1 Ther was a tree of a pyn which was dedyed to the deuylle.

1532 (?a1400) Romaunt Rose 1457 (MED) I rested me..under a tree, Which tree in Fraunce men cal a pyn.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. ii. 38 He [sc. the sun] fires the proud tops of the easterne pines .

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 292 His Spear, to equal which the tallest Pine Hewn on Norwegian hills,..were but a wand.

1704 Dict. Rusticum (at cited word) The Picea is another sort of Pine, and to be cultivated in the same Manner: It affects cold Grounds.

1771 J. Robertson Jrnl. 10 June in D. M. Henderson & J. H. Dickson Naturalist in Highlands (1994) vi. 159 I discovered some pines which I am pretty confident were Spruce-Fir.

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. iv. 97 Mountains covered..nearly to their summits with forests of gloomy pine.

1860 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters V. 82 Let the pine find only a ledge of vertical precipice to cling to, it ill nevertheless grow straight.

1898 H. S. Canfield Maid of Frontier 119 He could see the bare old church amid the sweet-smelling pines.

1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xli. 616 Oil of turpentine is obtained by distilling turpentine, the resin of pines, with steam.

1958 J. Barth End of Road v. 65 The little creek was fairly clean and entirely private, shaded by the pines.

2001 N.Y. Mag. 26 Nov. 146/2 Top off a visit to the Botanical Garden with a walking lecture at the ‘pinetum’—an extensive collection of firs, pine, and spruces.

†b. In plural and singular. The edible seeds obtained from the cones of any of various pines, esp. the stone pine, Pinus pinea. Also: the cone itself. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > pine-seeds

pine nuteOE

pines1327

pineapple kernela1398

pineapple seed?1440

pignon1526

neoza1832

pinyon1846

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > other edible seeds > pine-seeds

pine nuteOE

pines1327

pineapple kernela1398

pineapple seed?1440

pignon1526

pineapple1560

pinyon1577

pine kernel1598

neoza1832

piñon1834

pignoli1841

cembra nut1842

pinyon1846

cedar-nut1863

pignolia1891

Indian nut1922

pit1947

1327 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 68 (MED) [2262 lbs. of almonds, 105 lbs. of] pynes.

1340 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 37 (MED) Maces, pynes, et galanga.

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 15 Þe fourme of þe hert forsoþ is to þe maner of a pyne [?c1425 Paris pyne appel; L. pinee] inversate.

a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 15 Mynced Datys, Pynys and Roysonys of Corauns.

a1500 in Englische Studien (1885) 8 281 A busshell of clene barly for tysayne, with half a busshell of orgeate and pyne.

1582 Rates Custome House (new ed.) sig. Dvij Pine the pound vj.d.

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva 53 Some advise us to break the shells of Pines to facilitate their delivery, and I have essay'd it; but to my loss.

1768 E. Lloyd Powers of Pen (ed. 2) 41 Farewell ye Palate-pleasing Cates! Ye Conserves! Sweetmeats! Pines and Dates!

1786 P. Beckford Lett. & Observ. 97 Eatables, such as raisins, walnuts, locusts, eggs, barley, figs, pines, lentils, pears, dates, beans, wheat.

c. The wood of any of these trees, esp. that of the Weymouth or white pine, Pinus strobus. Also with distinguishing word: a particular kind of such wood. Cf. pinewood n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > pine

pine?a1450

pinewood1601

?a1450 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (BL Add. 12056) (1894) 118 Ȝif þe hed be smyten with a lyȝt dreyȝe staff, as of salwe oþere ellys pyne [a1400 Ashm. pinee].

a1500 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Wellcome) f. 22 (MED) Smyte a light stafe on his hede þat is dry of withy or of pyn.

1638 C. Aleyn Hist. Henrie VII 141 Then Hymen, president of marriage Rites, Beckned for silence with his Torch of Pine.

1694 S. Cobb Pindarique Ode 5 (side note) Ships made of Pine.

1763 in H. M. Brooks Gleanings (1886) IV. 35 A number of Window Sashes..made of the best of Pine.

1823 J. F. Cooper Pioneers II. ii. 22 A little bridge, formed of round logs laid loosely on sleepers of pine.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 891 Pine, a general name for various kinds of timber obtained from coniferous trees; also applied especially to that of Pinus Strobus. Baltic, Riga, Norway, Red, or Memel Pine is the timber of Pinus sylvestris as grown in the north of Europe.

1947 J. C. Rich Materials & Methods Sculpt. x. 294 Soft pine is a pale, yellowish-white, clean and easily worked, but not very strong wood.

1988 Observer 8 May (Colour Suppl.) 28/2 (advt.) Traditional, solid woods such as oak, cherry, pine and mahogany.

d. With distinguishing word: a particular tree or shrub of the genus Pinus.Corsican, lodge-pole, maritime, ponderosa, red, Weymouth pine, etc.: see the first element. See also mountain pine n., pitch pine n., stone-pine n., etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > pines and allies

pine treeeOE

pineOE

pine-nut treec1330

pineapplec1390

pineapple treea1398

mountain pine1597

pine1597

mountain pine1601

frankincense1611

rosin flower?1611

black pine1683

Scotch pine1706

yellow pine1709

Jersey pine1743

loblolly pine1760

mugoa1768

Scots pine1774

Scotch fir1777

arrow plant1779

scrub pine1791

Georgia pine1796

old field pine1797

tamarack1805

grey pine1810

pond pine1810

New Jersey pine1818

loblolly1819

Corsican pine1824

celery-top pine1827

toatoa1831

heavy-wooded pine1836

nut pine1845

celery pine1851

celery-topped pine1851

sugar-pine1853

western white pine1857

Jeffrey1858

Korean pine1858

lodge-pole pine1859

jack pine1863

whitebark pine1864

twisted pine1866

Monterey pine1868

tanekaha1875

chir1882

slash-pine1882

celery-leaved pine1883

knee-pine1884

knobcone pine1884

matsu1884

meadow pine1884

Alaska pine1890

limber pine1901

bristlecone pine1908

o-matsu1916

insignis1920

radiata1953

1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. xxxix. 1178 The fruit or apple of the wilde mountaine Pine is shorter, and that of the Sea Pine longer.

1676 in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1920) LVI. 306 4¾ acres of land..bounded by a pitch pine.

1731 M. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina I. p. xxii/1 The Swamp-Pine grows on barren wet Land.

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxviii. 445 The Cembra Pine has five leaves in a sheath.

1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory ii. 291 The Wild Pine, or Scotch Fir.

1848 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. 439 P[inus] inops, Ait. (Jersey or Scrub Pine.)..Barrens and sterile hills, New Jersey and southward.

1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands iv. xxi. 496 The Weymouth pine, the stone pine,..and the larch, are all occasionally seen.

1923 W. Dallimore & A. B. Jackson Handbk. Coniferæ 437 Pinus ponderosa, Douglas. Western Yellow Pine... Big Pine; Bull Pine; Heavy Pine; Heavy-wooded Pine.

1995 Times 27 Mar. 20/2 The Scots pine is the only native British pine tree, but millions of Austrian and Corsican pines have been planted here.

2. With distinguishing word: any of certain low-growing non-coniferous plants said to resemble pines in their shape, foliage, or smell; esp. a clubmoss (genus Lycopodium).moonfruit, prince's pine, etc.: see the first element. See also ground-pine n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] > club-moss or moss-like ferns

dwarf cypress1548

heath-cypress1551

pine1551

wolf's-claw1578

club-moss1597

wolf-claw1597

wolf's-foot1597

tree-moss1611

Selagoa1627

cypress-moss1640

mountain moss1688

lycopodium1706

stag's horn (also staghorn) moss1741

walking fern1814

tod-tails1820

Robin Hood's hatband1828

resurrection plant1841

ground-pine1847

forks and knives1853

fir club-moss1855

lycopod1861

Selaginella1865

foxtail1866

stag-head or stag's head moss1869

fir-moss1879

hog-bed1900

1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. I vj ^v Grounde pyne, the leaues dronken seuen dayes in wyne hele the Iaundes.

1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden cccxviii. 591 The Common Ground-pine groweth low, seldome rising to be above the height of an hand-breadth.

1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 323 Stinking Ground Pine, Camphorosma.

1762 W. Hudson Flora Anglica 470 Fucus..incurvus.., black Fucus, or Sea Pine.

1818 A. Eaton Man. Bot. (ed. 2) ii. 203 Chimaphila..umbellata..prince's pine, bitter wintergreen.

1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 9 The ground-pine curled its pretty wreath, Running over the club-moss burrs.

1956 B. Cobb Field Guide to Ferns (1963) 230 Ground cedar (Ground pine). Species: Lycopodium tristachyum... Small, upright; grows like tiny evergreen trees topped by thin-stemmed candelabra of cones.

1999 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 23 Dec. f2/5 We could find trailing pine (fan-shaped branches on a runner) and princess pine (which resembles three-inch evergreen seedlings) in the woods each winter.

a. A pineapple, the edible fruit of the plant Ananas comosus; cf. pina n. 1a. Also: the pineapple plant itself. Now chiefly Caribbean and Hawaii.king, queen pine: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pineapple > [noun]

pine1587

pineapple1624

king pine1657

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit > pineapple

pina1572

pine1587

ananas1613

pineapple1624

king pine1657

crown1683

1587 J. White in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) iii. 765 The Gouernour determined to go a land in S. Germans ‘Baye, to gather yong plants of Oranges, Pines, Mameas, and Platonos, to set at Virginia’.

1589 J. Sparke in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 530 They [sc. the Indians] brought downe to vs which we bought for beades..and other trifles, Hennes, Potatoes and pines.

1657 Bk. of Continuation of Forreign Passages 46 Fruits..Pyne, the best that ever was eat, in season almost all the year long.

a1706 J. Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) I. 29 The royal pine—a compendium of all that is delicious to the taste and smell.

1764 Museum Rusticum iii. xxxi. 142 It will produce about one hundred and fifty pines a year.

1833 Penny Cycl. I. 490/1 In the island of Penang..there is a sort [of pine-apple] all the flowers of which always change into branches, each of which bears a pine..; specimens of this sort are called double pines.

1880 C. Ives Isles of Summer 104 The pines ceased bearing.

1920 ‘K. Mansfield’ Bliss 35 He bought a pineapple... The oysters and the pine he stowed away..under the front seat.

1959 D. Hewett Bobbin Up (1961) vi. 68 We'll have a salad and a pine for after.

1991 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 7 Dec. e1 Nobody wants to pick ‘pines’ anymore. The hotels will keep the young people from going to Honolulu.

b. With distinguishing word: any of several plants related to the pineapple plant, or having foliage or fruit that resembles that of the pineapple.screw-pine, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > names applied to various types

Indian plum1636

bread tree1640

pear tree1696

pine1696

wild mango1813

1696 H. Sloane Catal. Plantarum in Jamaica 77 Wild Pine. Ubique in sylvis, truncis & ramis arborum..innascitur.

1836 W. Buckland Geol. & Mineral. I. xviii. 503 The Pandaneæ, or Screw-Pines..abound in the Indian Archipelago... Their aspect is that of gigantic Pine apple plants having arborescent stems.

1982 C. R. Bell & B. J. Taylor Florida Wild Flowers 46/1 Wild Pine, Tillandsia setacea Swartz. The tufts of slender leaves of these Bromeliads are 1–3 dm long and even when not in bloom form colorful clumps on tree trunks and larger branches.

c. In full pine strawberry. The pineapple strawberry; = pineapple n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > strawberry > types of

capron1693

hautboy1731

pine strawberry1754

Alpine1771

scarlet strawberry1786

sow-tit1788

Royal Sovereign1795

pineapple strawberry1796

scarlet1815

1754 J. Justice Scots Gardiners Director 138 Plant the Virginian Kind fourteen Inches square, the Hautboy's two Feet, and the Pine Strawberry at near the same Distance.

1817 Trans. Hort. Soc. London 2 395 In planting the beds of Pines, I keep the rows two feet apart.

1842 Penny Cycl. XXIII. 112/1 Large-flowered strawberry (Fragaria grandiflora)..has furnished our gardens with the sorts called pine strawberries.

1890 Cent. Dict. at Strawberry Pine-strawberry, a variety of the Chili strawberry,..so called from its pineapple flavor. Also Ananas strawberry... (Eng.).

1969 S. G. Harrison et al. Oxf. Bk. Food Plants 74/1 The first species to be introduced into Europe soon after 1600 was F. virginiana... More than a century later the West Coast Pine Strawberry (F. chiloensis) was introduced.

a. Australian and New Zealand. Any of various coniferous Australasian trees of families other than the Pinaceae; esp. the Norfolk Island pine, Araucaria heterophylla, the kauri, Agathis australis, the cypress pines, Callitris species, and the Huon pine, Dacrydium franklinii.Recorded earliest in pine-tree.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Australasian trees > [noun] > evergreens

pine1788

angophora1804

ohia1815

pate1832

pohutukawa1832

Moreton Bay chestnut1836

Olearia1839

horopito1847

ramarama1848

matipo1853

white pine1856

musk tree1866

manoao1867

patete1867

puka1867

rangiora1867

tawhiri1872

tarata1876

lemon-wood1879

Otago ivy-tree1883

horizontal1888

lehua1888

inanga1889

mountain pine1889

puka1889

Queensland kauri1889

sheep-bush1889

wilga1889

mutton-bird tree1891

tree-daisy1926

1788 in Hist. Rec. Austral. (1914) 1st Ser. I. 21 The pine-trees [on Norfolk Island] rise fifty and sixty feet before they shoot out any branches.

1805 J. H. Tuckey Acct. Voy. Establish Colony Port Philip 161 Timber trees are very thinly scattered... They are..box, and a kind of pine.

1815 S. Marsden Lett. & Jrnls. (1932) Our way lay through a wood composed of various kinds of timber together with the noble pine.

1837 J. Backhouse Extracts from Lett. (1839) V. 17 Among the trees is one called here pine, belonging to the genus callitris, of pyramidal figure, and distinct from any we have before met with.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Squatter's Dream 32 A sand-ridge picturesquely wooded with pine (callitris).

1901 Axeman's Jrnl. (Ulverstone) Oct. 77/1 A sore grievance with our hardy piners, now that the pine forests are becoming thinned of big timber.

1938 C. T. White Princ. Bot. Queensland Farmers 142 The inner bark contains an oleo-resin which..exudes in tears, the resin being variously known as ‘Pine Resin’, ‘Cypress Pine Resin’, [etc.].

1996 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 26 Sept. 5 It is a fast growing soft wood of the same family of pines as the Norfolk and Kauri.

b. With distinguishing word: any of various coniferous trees of families other than the Pinaceae, esp. those native to Australasia (see sense 4a); the wood of any of these trees.celery-top, Chile, cypress, Moreton Bay, red, rimu-pine, etc.: see the first element. See also Huon pine n., Norfolk Island pine n., Oyster Bay pine n., etc.

ΚΠ

1803 A. B. Lambert Descr. Genus Pinus I. 87 Norfolk Island Pine... This tree..is the tallest at present known.

1827 in J. Bischoff Van Diemen's Land (1832) 180 The Green Forest..comprises myrtle, sassafras, celery-top pine.

1852 G. C. Mundy Our Antipodes II. vi. 143 A forest of the Kauri pine, the pride of the New Zealand Sylva.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 382 D[ammara] orientalis, the Amboyna Pine, is a tree of the Moluccas, 100 feet high.

1880 R. Rose Vic. Guide 11 The Murray pine is a handsomely marked useful wood.

1940 E. Step Wayside & Woodland Trees 176 The Chile Pine, or ‘Monkey Puzzle’ is a familiar sight on suburban lawns.

1974 N. Cato Brown Sugar 51 At first wool was exported—then the valuable native timbers: red cedar, swamp mahogany, blackbutt and cypress pine.

2002 Canberra Times (Nexis) 26 Dec. a15 Australia is not rich in native gymnosperms, but we are lucky enough to have the kauri, hoop and Bunya pines, as well as cycads and Callitris, a type of cypress pine.

II. Extended uses.

†5. Chiefly poetic. Something made of pinewood, as a ship, mast, or torch. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun]

shipc725

beamOE

boardOE

bargea1300

steera1300

vessela1300

treea1382

loomc1400

man1473

ark1477

bottom1490

keela1547

riverboat1565

craft1578

pine1592

class1596

flood-bickerer1599

pitchboard1599

stern-bearer1599

wooden horse1599

wooden isle1603

water treader?1615

water house1616

watercraft1618

machine1637

prore1642

lightman1666

embarkation1690

bark1756

prowa1771

Mudian1813

bastiment1823

hooker1823

nymph1876

M.F.V.1948

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > torch > [noun] > wooden

brandc1385

tede1562

pine1592

candle-wood1634

pine knot1662

splinter1751

pitch knot1792

split1892

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > spar > [noun] > mast

masteOE

pole?c1450

shipmast1495

mast-pole1601

pine1769

1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. M3^v, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) Synecdoche..as to say, the loftie Pyne did scowre the seas, for the ship made of the Pine tree.

1640 H. Glapthorne Ladies Priviledge iv. sig. Giv^v Hymen light thy Pine.

a1645 W. Browne Circe & Ulysses (1954) i. 7 Steere hither, steere, your winged Pines, All beaten Mariners.

a1704 T. Brown On Duke of Ormond's Recovery in Wks. (1707) I. i. 74 E'er..floating Pines were steer'd by daring Man.

1769 W. Falconer Shipwreck (ed. 3) ii. 96 Fast by the fated pine bold Rodmond stands.

†6. A figure of a pineapple or a pine cone. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > fruit

pomegranatea1382

pineapple1448

strawberry1523

fruitage1600

pine1790

1790 W. Wrighte Grotesque Archit. 13 On the top is a pine, which should be double gilt.

†7. A liqueur made from the pineapple fruit. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > liqueur > [noun] > kinds of

rosa solis1564

rose wine1603

rose of solace1604

ros solis1607

ratafia1670

brandy-cherrya1687

cherry-brandy1686

kernel-water1706

cherry cordial1710

visney1733

walnut-water1747

aniseed1749

maraschino1770

noyau1787

rosolio1796

cherry-bounce1798

absinthe1803

Parfait Amour1805

curaçao1813

ginger cordial1813

citronelle1818

pine1818

crèmea1821

alkermes1825

Goldwasser1826

citronella1834

anisette1837

goldwater1849

crème de cassis1851

Van der Hum1861

chocolate liqueur1864

kümmel1864

chartreuse1866

pimento dram1867

Trappistine1877

green muse1878

rock and rye1878

Benedictine1882

liqueur brandy1882

mandarin1882

green1889

Drambuie1893

advocaat1895

Grand Marnier1900

green fairy1902

green peril1905

cassis1907

Strega1910

quetsch1916

cointreau1920

anis1926

Izarra1926

Southern Comfort1934

amaro1945

Tia Maria1948

amaretto1969

Sabra1970

sambuca1971

Midori1978

limoncello1993

1818 Sporting Mag. 2 285 Three glasses of pine and one of Curaçoa.

8. In a team sport: the substitutes' bench. Usually in phrases such as to sit on (also ride, warm, etc.) the pine: to be a substitute.

ΚΠ

1936 Port Arthur (Texas) News 20 Feb. 12/1 While his players are riding the pine complaining of charley horses, kicking about the heat,..Terry is out there on the job.

1977 Burlington (N. Carolina) Times-News 20 July 1 c Our heavy artillery was on the pine... Look at Jim Rice. He's second to me in home runs but he was sitting on the pine. Craig Nettles has 20 home runs and he was on the pine.

1992 Sports Illustr. 9 Nov. 100/2 They were a good team without him last season, when they won 15 of their last 16 games, all with Bird, and his bad back, on the pine.

1997 Ice Hockey News Rev. 22 Feb. 7/1 From being an integral part of the Straubing Tigers on-ice contingent to riding the pine was not Paddy Scott's idea of a good way to spend the rest of the season.

2004 Sunday Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 29 Aug. 56 The prearranged rotations also mean that when the game is up for grabs the best players are often warming the pine.

9. The aroma of pine needles. Cf. Compounds 1.

ΚΠ

1968 A. Diment Bang Bang Birds vi. 88 The perfume in the room had changed from pine to something sexier.

1977 J. Cheever Falconer 192 He noticed how heavily perfumed was the overheated air... Pine drifted out of the toilets..blatantly artificial.

Compounds

C1.

a. (In sense 1.)

pine bark n.

ΚΠ

1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 177 They make use of pine bark.

1835 W. G. Simms Yemassee II. xviii. 150 It was a rude frame of poles, covered with pine bark.

2001 Hort. Weekly 26 July 13/1 We've been growing plants in peat-free for 12 years. We now use a mix of coir and pine bark.

pine board n.

ΚΠ

1637 in D. G. Hill Dedham (Mass.) Rec. (1892) III. 39 To alowe for saweing Pyne board 5s.

1728 in N. Bouton Provinc. Papers New Hampsh. (1914) II. 344 Eight thousand feet of good and merchantable pine boards every year.

1870 De B. R. Keim Sheridan's Troopers xix. 125 A neat coffin had been made of pine boards.

1992 Canad. Geographic Mar. 32 Stone and pine-board houses in the purest ‘Québécois’ tradition still stand.

pine bough n.

ΚΠ

1592 A. Fraunce 3rd Pt. Countesse of Pembrokes Yuychurch f. 52 Pan with pine-boughes on his horns.

1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus Daphnis & Chloe 29 She crowned her head with pine-boughes.

1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound iv. i. 124 The pine boughs are singing Old songs with new gladness.

1992 C. P. Estés Women who run with Wolves vii. 210 They laud the young male deer-dancers who danced with pine boughs bound to their arms and legs.

pine branch n.

ΚΠ

1611 Bible (King James) Neh. viii. 15 Pine branches, and Myrtle branches.

1761 tr. P. de Charlevoix Jrnl. Voy. N.-Amer. I. vii. 183 They [sc. bears] make themselves a den.., the entry of which they stop with pine branches.

1859 G. Meredith Ordeal Richard Feverel II. iv. 47 The night-jar spinning on the pine-branch.

1994 Lewiscraft CraftLines Nov. 10/5 Try a basket filled with pine branches and pine cones.

pine bud n.

ΚΠ

1767 J. Penrose Lett. from Bath (1983) 168 I am drinking Pine-Bud Tea; and so far I like it very well.

1911 J. Muir My First Summer in Sierra 237 I would live forever on pine buds, however full of turpentine and pitch, for the sake of this grand independence.

1992 R. Anaya Albuquerque xv. 170 Pine buds filled the fresh air with their fragrance.

pine fire n.

ΚΠ

1828 F. D. Hemans Sicilian Captive in Rec. Woman 174 A deep flush pass'd, like a crimson haze, O'er her marble cheek by the pine-fire's blaze.

2003 State (Columbia, S. Carolina) (Nexis) 7 May d0 Lapsang Souchong, a rich black tea from China that is smoked over pine fires during processing.

pine forest n.

ΚΠ

1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 100 It appeared like a desart, to a great extent, and terminated, on the land side, by frightful thickets, and open Pine forests.

1822 P. B. Shelley To Jane 1 We wandered to the Pine Forest.

1978 ‘D. Kyle’ Black Camelot xviii. 273 Sheltering in the Bavarian pine forests.

pine garland n.

ΚΠ

1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus Daphnis & Chloe 92 They crowned him [sc. a goat] with pine-garlands.

1877 Globe Encycl. Universal Information III. 530/2 Victors [sc. at the Isthmian Games] were crowned with a simple pine-garland.

2002 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 22 Dec. 11/1 A decorated Christmas tree in the lounge and pine garlands looped across chandeliers in the main timbered dining room.

pine glade n.

ΚΠ

1823 Florida Hist. Q. 14 94 A good road..can be effected..by ditching and throwing up the road through the low pine glades and cypress ponds.

2003 Guardian (Nexis) 22 Mar. 16 Narrow steeps, opening into wide, perfectly-pitched bowls before dropping into pine glades that fill the air with their scent.

pine grove n.

ΚΠ

1782 J. Scott Poet. Wks. 221 To view the pine-grove on the hill.

1882 Ballou's Monthly Mag. July 28/1 There were drives and boating, long walks to the Hulah Falls, with dinner in the pine-grove.

1992 Enroute (Air Canada) Aug. 58/1 The second is the inner-city nature retreat, where there's a garden or pine grove cradling the perfect alfresco table.

pine hill n.

ΚΠ

a1652 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1881) VI. 16 The land running northward upon a straite line untill it cometh to range even with north side of the shop..and foure accres more or lesse upon pine hill south.

1773 J. McAfee Jrnl. in N. M. Woods Woods-McAfee Memorial (1905) 436/1 We..crossed Cantucky river within 8 miles of pine hills and broken mountains.

1981 Jrnl. Southern Hist. 47 517 The cotton counties..had a slightly lower smothering death rate than the pine hills.

pine log n.

ΚΠ

1694 B. Wadsworth in Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. (1852) 4th Ser. I. 105 Ye town is incompass'd with a fortification, consisting of pine-logs.

1747 Colonial Rec. Georgia VI. 199 Two hundred..acres of land at a place called Pine Logg Bluff.

1853 J. M. Neale in Oxf. Bk. Carols (1928) 271 Bring me flesh, and bring me wine, Bring me pine-logs hither.

1902 S. E. White Blazed Trail xxxvii. 266 The instant necessity was to get thirty millions of pine logs down the river.

2002 Orlando (Florida) Sentinel (Nexis) 9 June k10 Settlers often erected crude palmetto huts for easy, fast shelter..while they were building a sturdy cabin out of pine logs.

pine plain n.

ΚΠ

1665 in H. S. Nourse Early Rec. Lancaster, Mass. (1884) 79 A slipe of medow ground Runing through the most part of a great pine plaine.

1779 in Proc. Mass. Hist. Soc. (1886) 2nd Ser. 2 464 [We] encampt on a pine plain by the side of a Large flatt.

a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1821) II. 158 The lands..are either pine-plains, or intervals.

2001 Nature Conservancy May 38/1 Historically the pine plains burned as often as every five years.

pine plantation n.

ΚΠ

1775 G. White Let. 9 Mar. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 108 The pine-plantations of that nobleman are very grand.

1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd I. iv. 50 Oak sighed a deep honest sigh—none the less so in that, being like the sigh of a pine plantation, it was rather noticeable as a disturbance of the atmosphere.

1999 Amer. Midland Naturalist 142 224 57% of the pine forest in the region during the 1980s was planted pine plantations.

pine post n.

ΚΠ

1808 Massachusetts Spy 9 Nov. A pine post, fat with pitch, had taken fire.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 185 The unbarked pine-posts of the rude verandah.

1997 Calgary (Alberta) Herald (Nexis) 20 Feb. f6 Raw pine posts and wooden exteriors hint at the aesthetic potential for the entire project.

pine resin n.

ΚΠ

1726 Quincy's Pharmacopœia Officinalis (ed. 6) 500 Take..Pine Tree Resin.]

1733 J. Alleyne New Eng. Dispensatory xi. vii. 345/2 To the strained liquor add..Pine resin and Turpentine.

1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts, Manuf., & Mines 304 Heated for some time at a slight temperature, it changes these properties for those of pine resin.

1909 Times 18 Jan. 6/1 In a few of the more primitive dwellings,..pine resin was still the only source of artificial light.

1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 23/1 The air [is] tangy with the scent of pine resin and juniper.

pine-shipping n.

ΚΠ

1885 A. Brassey In Trades 344 The pine-shipping season is..a period of great activity in the Bahamas.

2002 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 2 June t1 A century ago, Menominee..was one of the largest pine-shipping ports in the world.

pine shoot n.

ΚΠ

1842 Chambers's Information for People (new ed.) I. 479/1 Capercailzie..is the largest of the true poultry... It particularly feeds on pine shoots.

1936 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 23 419/2 In the series of 14 pine shoots the situation is essentially the same.

1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 242/2 Pine shoots can add a resinous flavour to cooking oil and vinegars.

pine splint n.

ΚΠ

1849 in R. Southey Common-place Bk. 2nd Ser. 660/1 (heading) Candles made of the Pine-splints.

1874 Overland Monthly Jan. 49/1 She reached out her hand to throw upon [the embers]..some fresh pine splints.

1994 Guardian (Nexis) 10 Dec. (Weekend Suppl.) 36 Diamond manufactured the first continuous process match-making machine, which could cut and dip nearly 600,000 pine splints in an hour.

pine stem n.

ΚΠ

1828 F. D. Hemans Edith in Records of Woman (ed. 2) 71 Now pour'd the moonlight down, Veining the pine-stems thro' the foliage brown.

1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 585 Retene occurs in thin unctuous scales on fossil pine-stems in beds of peat.

1997 Amer. Midland Naturalist 138 90 The age of sand pine stems at 30-cm height..differed significantly among the three stands.

pine stump n.

ΚΠ

1659 in Watertown (Mass.) Rec. (1894) I. i. 65 Abram Brownes Land..begins ten rod from Rich. Bloyse his lott, & soe apon a straite line to a pine stump.

1816 Niles' Reg. 9 Suppl. 178/1 Many a farmer who heretofore dreaded the pine stump..now swings his undisturbed scythe.

1992 Amer. Hist. Illustr. Feb. 44/1 Harriet..wrote happy descriptions of her roomy cabin and pine-stump furniture in remote Sierra County.

pine thicket n.

ΚΠ

1788 T. Jefferson Jrnl. 15 Apr. in Papers (1956) XIII. 25 The soil loses much in it's quality, becoming sandy and lean, often barren and overgrown with pine thicket.

1888 J. C. Harris Free Joe 12 Major Frampton sauntered into a convenient pine thicket, and blew out his brains.

1995 C. D. Short Shining Shining Path x. 162 He looked beyond the clearing at the graveled streets of shotgun houses radiating out through the distant pine thickets.

pine timber n.

ΚΠ

1671 in South Carolina Hist. Soc. Coll. (1897) 5 298 I have..dispatched the Carolina laden with Pine timber.

1842 P. J. Selby Brit. Forest Trees 410 The durability of Pine timber..is considered to be scarcely inferior to that of the oak.

1990 Gifts Internat. Nov. 35/1 Top of the current range is an antique-style rocking horse made from reclaimed pine timbers.

pine tract n.

ΚΠ

1821 W. Darby Mem. on Geog. & Nat. & Civil Hist. Florida 10 [Hammock land] forms in most instances an interval between the pine tracts and the marshes or savannahs.

1929 Ecology 10 480 Such pine tracts..exhibit the nature and structure of the pine climax as it has existed since the glacial epochs.

1998 Orlando (Florida) Sentinel (Nexis) 9 July d1 The damage is evident from the 60-foot-tall charred trees and ashen piles where the pine tracts once stood.

b. (In sense 4.)

pine frame n.

ΚΠ

1734 S.-Carolina Gaz. 23 Feb. 4/2 To be Sold by John Lining in Broad-street... A Pine Frame of a Dutch roof'd house, Four rooms on a floor, and ready to raise.

1892 W. W. Greener Breech-loader 181 Cases in which best leather is sewn to pine frames,..do well to carry guns in.

pine-plant n.

ΚΠ

1766 Compl. Farmer at Pine-apple Generally..pine plants..brought from the West-Indies, have a white insect adhering to them.

1993 New Phytologist 124 232/2 Pineplants infected with Paxillus involutus were transferred to the observation chambers.

pine-bearing adj.

ΚΠ

a1593 C. Marlowe Hero & Leander (1598) i. sig. B Gallop amaine, From steepe Pine-bearing mountains to the plaine.

c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas ii. in Wks. (1898) I. 475 Aged Atlas, whose pyn-bearing browes..Nor haile..nor wind..eschewes.

1864 R. W. Dixon Concealment in Hist. Odes & Other Poems 125 From the pine-bearing height on which he dwelt He took his way.

1993 Ann. Missouris Bot. Garden 80 488/1 Some of the pine-bearing deposits were associated with areas of volcanism and mountain-building.

pine-bordered adj.

ΚΠ

1877 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer xxii, in Austral. Town & Country Jrnl. (Sydney) 3 Feb. 182/3 Vast plains and pine-bordered sand hills.

1941 B. Miller Farewell Leicester Square xiv. 244 They passed through Filipstad, with its wooden houses,..and began to climb a pine-bordered road.

2003 Orlando (Florida) Sentinel (Nexis) 27 July l1 The alpine run through pine-bordered roads quickened my arrival.

pine-built adj.

ΚΠ

1808 W. Scott Marmion vi. Introd. 299 His low and pine-built hall.

1977 D. MacKenzie Raven & Kamikaze xiii. 174 The pine-built summer-house on the edge of the forest.

2003 Mirror (Nexis) 14 Aug. 36 In Finland..it is normal to roll in the snow after emerging from your steamy pine-built hideaway.

pine-capped adj.

ΚΠ

1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 117 Onward you pass, the pine-capt hills divide, Or feed the golden harvests on their side.

1899 Catholic World June 367 The pine-capped hills invite to long walks in alternating sun and shade.

1997 Denver Post (Nexis) 18 May 12 On top of Mount Graham, a pine-capped oasis 7,000 feet above the desert floor.

pine-clad adj.

ΚΠ

1786 R. P. Jodrell Persian Heroine ii. ix. 23 His pine-clad head Old Athos bow'd.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xii. 90 At the other side was the pine-clad slope.

1996 Sunday Tel. 4 Feb. (Mag.) 32/1 (advt.) The vast lakes of Ladoga and Onega with their pine clad shores and peppering of islands.

pine-covered adj.

ΚΠ

1799 S. T. Coleridge Let. 19 May (1956) I. 514 We passed..thro' a pine-covered Country.

1884 G. A. Townsend in Cent. Mag. Apr. 824 Pine-covered hills.

1991 S. Winchester Pacific (1992) 327 The lesser figures go sailing on Puget Sound.., or eat soft-shell crabs on a pine-covered island.

pine-creeping adj.

ΚΠ

1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. III. 148 Pine Warbler. Dendroica vigorsi... Pine-creeping Warbler; Pine Creeper.

1946 L. A. Hausman Field Bk. Eastern Birds 524 Dendroica pinus pinus, Pine-creeping warbler, Pine Creeper... Seldom found in any but pine woods.

pine-crested adj.

ΚΠ

1850 J. Montgomery Poet. Wks. 242 Fallen in death on the pine-crested hill?

2002 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 21 Apr. 11/1 There were..strolls through the steep pine-crested woods that ring the town.

pine-crowned adj.

ΚΠ

1658 E. Waller & S. Godolphin tr. Virgil Passion of Dido for Æneas l. 255 Swift Mercury..at length sees Atlas top, Atlas which shrouds His pine-Crown'd head in Heaven.

1777 E. Ryves Poems 36 Up the pine-crown'd hill.

1908 J. Jackson tr. Virgil Eclogue x. 28 For him, as he lay beneath the desert cliff, pine-crowned Maenalus wept.

1997 San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 18 Sept. (Entertainment section) The pine-crowned hills of Julian will be alive with the sound of music this weekend.

pine-dotted adj.

ΚΠ

1826 W. H. Drummond Bruce's Invasion of Ireland iii. 50 Where Corrib her pine-dotted waters spreads wide.

1998 Mirror (Nexis) 31 Oct. 32 The beauty of the peaks, framed against a deep blue sky and the pine-dotted slopes sweeping down to the ski school.

pine-encircled adj.

ΚΠ

a1822 P. B. Shelley From Vergil's Tenth Eclogue in Poet. Wks. (1904) 813 The pine-encircled mountain, Maenalus, The cold crags of Lycaeus, weep for him.

1866 J. E. Cooke Surry of Eagle's-nest lxx. 252 I..came in sight of the obscure mansion on the pine-encircled knoll.

pine-fringed adj.

ΚΠ

1853 Littell's Living Age 29 Oct. 258/1 From Russian steppe, from Persian sand, From pine-fringed Norway fiord.

1986 New Statesman 26 Sept. 35/1 Sliding between wife and mistress down the endless pine-fringed autobahnen, Ulrich watches Germany change and its youth.

pine-grown adj.

ΚΠ

1857 M. Arnold To Marguerite in Poems (ed. 3) 194 The pine-grown Latmian steep.

1942 B. Robertson Red Hills & Cotton i. 6 A long rise of fine cotton country between two lonely spurs of pine-grown granite.

1978 New Phytologist 80 456 The site..is a pine-grown boggy infill of a glacial channel..within the native pinewood.

pine-panelled adj.

ΚΠ

1924 Times 6 Nov. 10/4 A pine panelled room circa 1620.

1994 Minnesota Monthly June 96/1 Rustic pine-paneled cabins.

pine-scented adj.

ΚΠ

1867 Ladies' Repository Dec. 746/2 Pine-scented breezes Go mimicking anger.

1937 M. Sharp Nutmeg Tree iv. 51 A gust of sweet pine-scented air.

1998 New Scientist 3 Oct. 6/2 Alpha-pinene..is given off by wood and pine-scented products.

pine-shaded adj.

ΚΠ

1877 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 386/1 Here and there..would be tempting foot-paths, short pine-shaded cuts across the rocks.

1992 She (BNC) May 42 Many [villas] are part of beautifully groomed, pine-shaded complexes.

C2.

pine bark beetle n. any of several bark beetles of the genus Dendroctonus which bore under the bark of pine trees.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > member of

jumping-beetle1817

pine bark beetle1840

pine beetle1857

1840 J. Loudon & M. Loudon tr. V. Köllar Treat. Insects iii. 363 The Scotch Pine Bark-Beetle. Hylesinus (Hylurgus) piniperda, Fabr.

1887 Nicholson's Dict. Gardening Pine Bark Beetles, numerous species of small beetles..live below the bark of Fir-trees and other Conifers.

1989 C. R. Wilson & W. Ferris Encycl. Southern Culture 342/1 The pine bark beetle is currently threatening the region's trees.

† pine-beam n. [compare Middle Dutch pijnboom (Dutch pijnboom), Old High German pīnboum (Middle High German pineboum, pinboum)] Obsolete rare a pine tree.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxxiv. 292 Se halga..wolde aheawan ænne heahne pinbeam, se wæs ær gehalgod þam hæðenum godum.

pine beauty n. a cryptically coloured noctuid moth, Panolis flammea, whose larvae are a pest of lodgepole pines.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Caradrinidae > trachea piniperda (pine-beauty)

pine beauty1887

1887 Nicholson's Dict. Gardening at Pinus The Pine Beauty, Trachea piniperda.

1979 Nature 20 Sept. 182/2 Baker reported the early stages of a programme to monitor the pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea, a pest of lodgepole pine in Scotland.

1993 New Scientist 7 Aug. 47/2 One of his special interests is the pine beauty moth, which creates havoc wherever lodgepole pine is the only species planted.

pine beetle n. any of various beetles that are pests of pine trees (usually with distinguishing word); esp. a pine bark beetle or (formerly) a pine chafer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > member of

jumping-beetle1817

pine bark beetle1840

pine beetle1857

1857 A. Fitch 4th Rep. Noxious & Other Insects N.Y. 747 White-Necked Pine-Beetle Dichelonycha albicollis... A small beetle half an inch long..and resembling the Rose bug.

1872 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 549/1 Pine-chafer, or Pine-beetle (Hylurgus piniperda)..is often very destructive to Scotch firs.

1972 L. A. Swan & C. S. Papp Common Insects N. Amer. 502 D[endroctonus] ponderosae..and D. monticolae, the Mountain Pine Beetle, are now considered to be one species.

1993 New Scientist 31 July 25/2 Electrochemical methods to synthesise..brevicomin, the sex attractant of the western pine beetle.

pine bird's-nest n. U.S. rare = pinesap n. (a).Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1906 N.E.D. at Pine sb.² Pine bird's-nest = pine-sap.

pine blight n. any of various diseases that affect the needles, twigs, or bark of pine trees, esp. one caused by deuteromycete fungi; (also) an organism that causes such a disease.

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. Pine-blight, 1. An aphid, Chermes pinicorticis.., which blights the bark of the pine. 2. The floccular substance from this insect. 3. The blighting of the tree caused by this aphid.

1908 S. T. Dana Extent & Importance of White Pine Blight 4 The white pine blight first made its appearance four or five years ago, but attracted little attention until the summer of 1907.

1954 Sci. Monthly Dec. 382/1 The presence or absence of white pine blight (causal agent unknown) was recorded.

1968 F. G. Browne Pests & Dis. Forest Plantation Trees 766 Sclerophoma pityophila... Pine die-back... Pine leaf blight. North America and Europe.

1976 Jrnl. Gen. Microbiol. 95 268 Dothistromin, an anthraquinone derivative produced by the pine blight fungus Dothistroma..pini.

pine blister n. either of two diseases of pine trees caused by rust fungi, or the fungi themselves: (a) (more fully pine blister rust) a disease caused by fungi of the genus Cronartium, characterized by yellowish swellings on the bark; cf. white pine blister rust n. at white pine n. and adj. Compounds 2; (b) a pine needle rust, caused by fungi of the genus Coleosporium (rare).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with trees

heart rot1808

white rot1828

sap-rot1838

red rot1847

conk1851

soft rot1886

pine blister1889

silver-leaf1890

leaf shedding1891

pine rust1893

leaf cast1894

partridge-wood1894

larch blister1895

needle-cast1895

sooty mould1901

white pine blister rust1909

larch needle cast1921

coral-spot1923

ink disease1923

pocket rot1926

wood rot1926

Dutch elm disease1927

oak wilt1942

ash dieback1957

1889 H. M. Ward Timber & Dis. xii. 259 The fungus Peridermium Pini was regarded as a parasite of pines... The disease may be popularly denoted ‘Pine-blister’.

1907 W. R. Fisher Schlich's Man. Forestry (ed. 2) IV. 441 Scots pines infected with this disease, which is very common in the British Isles and called pine-blister, are termed foxy trees.

1999 D. Ingram & N. Robertson Plant Dis. ix. 195 A variation of the pattern demonstrated by the coffee disease is found in the pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola.

pine bluff n. U.S. a bluff or steep cliff topped with pine trees.

ΚΠ

1767 Bartram's Jrnl. 41 in W. Stork Acct. E. Florida (ed. 2) We rowed..by some oak and pine-bluffs.

1823 C. B. Vignoles Observ. upon Floridas 43 The occasional breaks of pine bluffs are rather advantageous than otherwise as presenting better scites for settlements.

1938 C. H. Matschat Suwannee River 219 They crossed a pine bluff.

pine-borer n. any of various insect larvae, esp. those of longhorn beetles, which bore into the wood of pine trees.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Phytophaga or Chrysomeloidea > family Cerambycidae > miscellaneous others

sawyer1789

wood-beetle1795

tickler1841

milkweed beetle1842

pine-borer1862

harlequin beetle1865

hickory girdler1869

1862 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1861: Agric. 614 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (37th Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 39) V The larvæ [sic] of this insect is evidently a pine-borer, for I have found it about saw-mills.

1977 Listener 20 Oct. 503/3 A specimen of the New Zealand pine-borer; Prinoplus reticularis.

2003 St. John's (Newfoundland) Telegram (Nexis) 10 May a11 You can find the piled sawdust leavings of the pine-borers, and..you can hear the gritch, gritch, gritch of their inching progress.

pine box n. (a) a box made of pine; (b) figurative a coffin; cf. pine overcoat n.

ΚΠ

1834 C. F. Hoffman Let. 1 Feb. in Winter in West (1835) I. 295 Our sleigh [was] a low clumsy pine box on a pair of ox-runners.

1846 Defiance (Ohio) Democrat 13 Aug. You can see that cart moving slowly at his heels; that cart in which crouches a grim figure, sitting on a pine box.

1890 N. P. Langford Vigilante Days II. xxv. 441 A company of twenty or more men approaching the station, bearing in their midst a long pine box.

1895 D. Belasco Heart of Maryland i. 181 Emotion's a very fine thing—but curb it, if you don't want to fill a pine box like that fellow you saw hanged at Middletown.

1926 E. E. Cummings Is 5 v. 64 Lift the poor cuss tenderly..and send him home to his old mother in a nice new pine box.

1993 Guardian (Nexis) 24 June 17 The only people we can't help are already in pine boxes.

1993–4 TLC for Plants Winter 51/3 (advt.) A rustic pine box..is a perfect foil for the delicate blossoms of paperwhite narcissus.

pine-bud moth n. a small moth, Blastesthia turionella (family Tortricidae), whose larvae feed on pine buds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Tortricidae > orthotaenia turionana (pine-bud moth)

pine-bud moth1881

1881 E. A. Ormerod Man. Injurious Insects 220 The caterpillars of the Pine-bud Moth are injurious to the Scotch Fir, Silver Fir, and various species of Pine.

1996 Ecography 19 229 The abundance of needles mined by the pine bud moth Exoteleia dodecella..on Scots pine..had a significantly peaked response curve.

pine bullfinch n. chiefly U.S. = pine grosbeak n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Pinicola

pine grosbeak1772

pine finch1810

pine bullfinch1828

1828 C. L. Bonaparte Amer. Ornithol. III. 17 The female Pine Bullfinch is eight and a half inches long.

1946 L. A. Hausman Field Bk. Eastern Birds 579 Pine Bullfinch..a short, heavy, stout bird with a stout blackish bill.

pine bunting n. a migrant bunting that breeds in northern Asia, Emberiza leucocephalos, the male of which has a bold head pattern of chestnut, white, and black.

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1829 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom VII. 128 (heading) The Pine Bunting. (Emb. Pithyornis.)

1953 D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles I. 252 The pine bunting is a native of Russia and Siberia.

2001 Daily Post (Liverpool) (Nexis) 15 Dec. 15 In April a pine bunting, possibly the first to visit Wales, landed to rest and feed.

pine carpet n. either of two geometrid moths, Thera obeliscata and T. firmata, whose larvae feed on pine needles.

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1886 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. ii Pine-carpet.

1967 E. B. Ford Moths (ed. 2) x. 143 [Concealment] is..attained.., in..the Pine Carpet, Thera variata, by a reddish brown shade like a patch on a pine trunk where the outer bark has flaked away.

1987 Jrnl. Appl. Ecol. 24 39 The most important species of prey brought to camera nestboxes were grey pine carpet moth larvae (Thera obeliscata Hübn.), [etc.].

pine chafer n. any of several chafers that feed on pine needles as adults; esp. (a) U.S. the beetle Anomala oblivia of North America, which is a pest of conifers; (b) the large Polyphylla fullo of Eurasia, the male of which has very large antennal lamellae.

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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Lamellicornia Scarabaeoidea > family Scarabaeidae > member of genus Anomala

pine chafer1872

1872 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 549/1 Pine-chafer, or Pine-beetle (Hylurgus piniperda)..is often very destructive to Scotch firs.

1972 L. A. Swan & C. S. Papp Common Insects N. Amer. 435 The Pine Chafer, A. oblivia, is very similar [to the Oriental Beetle]..; it infests red, jack, and Scotch pines.

1993 M. Chinery Insects Brit. & N. Europe (ed. 3) 149 Other important chafers include the brilliant green Rose Chafer..and the Pine Chafer (Polyphylla fullo). The latter reaches about 40mm in length.

pine cloth n. rare = pineapple cloth n. at pineapple n. Compounds 2.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

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1906 N.E.D. at Pine sb.² Pine cloth.

pine creeper n. U.S. (now rare) = pine warbler n.

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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Parulidae (wood warbler) > [noun] > genus Dendroica > dendroica pinus (pine-warbler)

pine creeper1731

pine-creeping warbler1811

pine warbler1831

1731 M. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina I. iv. Pl. 61 The Pine-creeper... They creep about Trees; particularly Pine- and Fir-Trees; from which they peck Insects.

1902 S. E. White Blazed Trail xlii. 296 Wilson's warblers..pine creepers, black-throats..passed silently or noisily.

1946 L. A. Hausman Field Bk. Eastern Birds 524 Dendroica pinus pinus, Pine-creeping warbler, Pine Creeper... Seldom found in any but pine woods.

pine-creeping warbler n. U.S. (now rare) = pine warbler n.

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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Parulidae (wood warbler) > [noun] > genus Dendroica > dendroica pinus (pine-warbler)

pine creeper1731

pine-creeping warbler1811

pine warbler1831

1811 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. III. 25 Pine-Creeping Warbler..inhabits the pine woods of the Southern states.

1868 J. G. Wood Homes without Hands xiii. 248 The Pine-Creeping Warbler (Sylvia pinus).

1933 Amer. Midland Naturalist 14 543 The song [sc. of the worm-eating warbler]..suggests both the pine-creeping warbler and the chipping sparrow.

pine drape n. U.S. slang rare = pine overcoat n.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

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the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > receptacle for remains > [noun] > coffin

chestc890

througheOE

tombc1300

cofferc1381

kista1400

coffin1525

box1614

sandapile1623

wooden doublet1761

pillbox1789

casket1849

wooden surtout1864

pine overcoat1890

overcoat1904

wooden kimono1926

pine drape1945

wooden suit1968

1945 L. Shelly Hepcats Jive Talk Dict. 31 Pine drape, coffin.

1970 C. Major Dict. Afro-Amer. Slang 91 Pine drape, coffin.

pinedrops n. a tall saprophytic plant, Pterospora andromedea (family Ericaceae), of North American pine forests (cf. beech-drops n. at beech n. Compounds 2).

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the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > parasitic plants > [noun] > other

beech-drops1815

rafflesia1822

Scotchman hugging the (also a) Creole1828

Brugmansia1832

John Crow nose1844

pinedrops1848

nettle-blight1849

Scotch attorney1864

Jim Crow's nose1866

witchweed1881

devil's guts1889

1848 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. 274 Pterospora. Pine-drops... P. Andromedea.—Hard clay soil, parasitic on the roots apparently of pines.

1994 R. Hendrickson Happy Trails 104 Giant bird's nest, another name for the pinedrops tree (Pterospora andromeda) because of its mass of matted fibrous roots.

pine finch n. (a) U.S.= pine siskin n.; (b) = pine grosbeak n. (rare).

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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Pinicola

pine grosbeak1772

pine finch1810

pine bullfinch1828

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Carduelis > carduelis pinus (pine siskin)

pine finch1810

pine linnet1839

pine goldfinch1877

pine siskin1887

1810 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. II. 133 Pine Finch..seeks the seeds of the black alder.

1839 J. J. Audubon Synopsis Birds N. Amer. 127 Corythus Enucleator... Common Pine-finch..from Pennsylvania and New Jersey, in winter.

1964 A. R. Phillips Birds of Arizona 186 Pine Finch... Common summer resident.

† pine-glandule n. Anatomy Obsolete rare the pineal gland.

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the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > pineal gland

pine kernel1598

pine-glandule1615

conarium1656

pineal gland1681

epiphysis1882

pineal1911

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 468 The backeside of the Pine-glandule.

† pine goldfinch n. U.S. Obsolete = pine siskin n.

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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Carduelis > carduelis pinus (pine siskin)

pine finch1810

pine linnet1839

pine goldfinch1877

pine siskin1887

1877 J. B. Holder Hist. Amer. Fauna in J. Richardson et al. Museum Nat. Hist. III. p. cxliii/2 Pine Goldfinch (C. pinus)—This bird is a winter visitor to New England.

1878 U.S. National Mus. Proc. 1 414 Chrysomitris pinus, (Wils.)—Pine Goldfinch.

pine green n. and adj. (a) n. the colour of pine needles; (b) adj. of this colour.

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the world > matter > colour > named colours > green or greenness > [adjective] > dark green

steel-greena1560

bottle-green1785

corbeau1810

forest-green1810

rifle green1829

spinach-green1845

pine green1892

army green1897

malachite1900

seaweed-green1937

1892 Littell's Living Age 12 Nov. 442/1 Fleecy clouds sailed lazily; their shadows chased each other slowly over pine-green bush and brighter grass.

1935 Times 22 July 15/1 (advt.) The suit is in pine green.

1970 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Sept. 28/1 (advt.) Reconditioned Alfa Romeo Sale..pine green.

2000 Mountain Heritage Mag. Spring 32/2 She wore the cook's apron over her pine green dress.

pine grosbeak n. a large finch, Pinicola enucleator, inhabiting pinewoods in Europe and North America, the male of which has predominantly reddish plumage.

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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Pinicola

pine grosbeak1772

pine finch1810

pine bullfinch1828

1772 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 402 Enucleator... Pine Grosbeak... It answers to the descriptions and figures of the ornithologists pretty well.

1884 Harper's Mag. Mar. 619/1 One of our most beautiful and interesting winter visitants is the pine grosbeak.

1912 E. T. Seton Arctic Prairies xlvii. 301 One afternoon I heard a peculiar note, at first, like the ‘cheepy-teet-teet’ of the Pine Grosbeak, only louder.

1995 Experience Lac du Bonnet Spring 26/1 In the winter there are countless birds, especially pine grosbeaks which have only a short distance from an easy meal to the safety of the forest.

pine grouse n. North American the blue grouse, Dendragapus obscurus.

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1851 G. Gibbs Jrnl. 20 Aug. in H. R. Schoolcraft Information Indian Tribes U.S. (1853) III. 112 The pine grouse, and quail, geese, ducks, and cranes, abound in their proper season.

1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. II. 12 Dusky Grouse. Dendragapus obscurus obscurus... [Also called] Blue Grouse; Pine Grouse; Pine Hen [etc.].

1953 S. G. Jewett Birds Washington State 196 Pine Grouse... The grouse is a denizen of the Douglas fir belt.

pine gum n. North American the resin or turpentine obtained from several species of pine, esp. the slash pine, Pinus caribaea, and the southern pine, P. echinata.

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society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > oleoresins from coniferous trees

pitcheOE

turpentine1322

alkitranc1400

cedriac1420

perrosin?a1425

pitch-rosinc1450

terebinth1483

alchitrean1562

frankincense1577

Venice turpentine1577

terebinthine1578

Venetian turpentine1598

Burgundy pitch1678

Strasbourg turpentine1683

terebinthina1693

Scio turpentine1710

rhinehurst1724

Canada balsam1754

Canada turpentine1762

galipot1791

Canada pitch1831

dipping1832

pine gum1853

dip1856

scrape1856

virgin dip1856

pinol1889

1853 S. Strickland 27 Years in Canada West II. iv. 48 A preparation of cedar or pine-gum, mixed with pitch or resin, is run neatly over the seams, which process completes the canoe.

1855 W. G. Simms Forayers 434 A leetle pine-gum plaister on that head of yourn will stop up the sore places.

1921 Frontier (Missoula, Montana) May 5 The Sheep Eaters lived in tepees made of cedar thatched with moss and cemented by pine gum.

1987 Canad. Geographic Dec. 44/2 Boat repair materials (watape or fine spruce roots for sewing in bark patches, and pine-gum for waterproofing the seams).

pine hawk n. (in full pine hawkmoth) a large grey hawkmoth, Hyloicus pinastri, whose larvae feed on pine needles.

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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Sphingidae > sphinx pinastri

pine hawkmoth1803

1803 A. H. Haworth Lepidoptera Britannica i. 59 Pine Hawk [moth].

1859 W. S. Coleman Our Woodlands 36 It will change first into a brown chrysalis, then into a large and pretty moth—the Pine-hawk Moth.

1974 W. Condry Woodlands xii. 130 Rare but slowly increasing in pinewoods of the south of England is a big, grey moth, the pine hawk.

1983 Birds Summer 27 (caption) Pinewoods are rich..in insects, such as the pine hawkmoth, a large moth confined to south-east England.

pine-house n. now rare = pinery n. 1.

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the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > greenhouse or glass-house > other types of glass-house or hothouse

orangeryc1660

winter garden1736

pinery1756

succession house1786

mushroom house1797

striking-house1824

palm house1826

show house1831

cold house1841

pine-house1843

orchard house1858

coolhouse1869

1843 Times 3 July 8/3 Gardens, with conservatory, grapery and pine house.

1887 Nicholson's Dict. Gardening at Pine-apple Provision should be made, in Pine-houses or pits, for applying a thin shading for a few hours on bright summer days.

1977 P. O'Brian Mauritius Command v. 118 He had spent the chief of his time in drawing up detailed plans for new stabling and a pine-house at Langton Castle, where he lived.

pine kernel n. (a) the seed of a pine tree, esp. when edible; a pine nut; †(b) the pineal gland (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > pineal gland

pine kernel1598

pine-glandule1615

conarium1656

pineal gland1681

epiphysis1882

pineal1911

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > other edible seeds > pine-seeds

pine nuteOE

pines1327

pineapple kernela1398

pineapple seed?1440

pignon1526

pineapple1560

pinyon1577

pine kernel1598

neoza1832

piñon1834

pignoli1841

cembra nut1842

pinyon1846

cedar-nut1863

pignolia1891

Indian nut1922

pit1947

1598 tr. G. de Rosselli Epulario H iv b Some dry Figges, and two ounces of Pine kernels.

1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 144 The Indian Pine Kernels are little Almonds of a yellowish white Colour.

1990 Country Homes June 122/2 Tip in the pine kernels and stir around over the heat for a minute or two.

pine lappet n. (more fully pine lappet moth) = pine-tree lappet n. at pine tree n. Compounds 2.

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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Lasiocampidae > dendrolimus pini (pine lappet)

pine lappet1824

1824 J. Curtis Brit. Entomol. I. 7 (heading) Pine lappet.

1966 O. Kuthanová tr. J. Moucha Beautiful Moths 106 Pine Lappet Moth... This moth is one of Central Europe's notorious pine forest pests.

pine linnet n. U.S. (now rare) = pine siskin n.

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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Carduelis > carduelis pinus (pine siskin)

pine finch1810

pine linnet1839

pine goldfinch1877

pine siskin1887

1839 J. J. Audubon Synopsis Birds N. Amer. 115 Pine Linnet... Wanders during winter to South Carolina, Louisiana, and Kentucky.

1941 E. T. Seton Trail of Artist-naturalist 151 I was out every fine day, and nearly always got or saw something—crows, juncos, shrikes, pine linnets, chickadees.

2000 South Bend (Indiana) Tribune (Nexis) 24 June c2 Chewink, high-hole and pine linnet are names no longer familiar to modern birders.

pine lizard n. the fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus (family Phrynosomatidae), a small grey or brown, partly arboreal lizard found in North America.

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the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Iguanidae > member of genus Sceloporus (fence-lizard)

swift1530

pine lizard1842

stinging lizard1870

fence-lizard1889

1842 Nat. Hist. N.Y., Zool. III. 33 From its abundance in pine forests, [the brown swift] has obtained the name of Pine Lizard.

1946 Amer. Midland Naturalist 35 743 The pine lizard (Sceloporus undulatus)..makes use of those [beetle] tunnels that are close under the bark for egg-laying.

1990 Paris Rev. Fall 125 Mendacious spire with an ambush in its system, the pine lizard's a steeple, unrepentant and without religion.

pine mast n. pine cones collectively (cf. mast n.²).

ΚΠ

1879 Investig. Dis. of Swine 214 Some old stock-raisers say that this disease [sc. thumps] is always worse after a heavy pine mast.

1936 H. L. Sweetman Biol. Control of Insects xii. 335 Pine mast is a good source of food for bobwhites..and other non-game birds.

2003 News-Star (Monroe, LA) (Nexis) 28 Aug. 3 c There seems to be a good crop of hickory nuts and pine mast this year.

pine mouse n. the American pine vole, Pitymys (or Microtus) pinetorum.

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1851 J. J. Audubon & J. Bachman Viviparous Quadrupeds N. Amer. II. 216 Arvicola Pinetorum... Leconte's Pine-Mouse... This species bears some resemblance to Wilson's Meadow Mouse.

1885 Amer. Naturalist 19 115 Another interesting representative of this family is the pine mouse (Arvicola pinetorum LeC.).

1947 Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 30 Aug. 8/5 Experiments in control of pine mice, which cause annual damage running to thousands of dollars in State orchards, are being conducted.

1996 Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, Virginia) (Nexis) 8 Sept. g1 The pine vole (Microtus pinetorum), sometimes called pine mouse,..has small rounded ears..and protruding teeth.

pine mushroom n. any of various edible fungi associated with pine trees; (now) esp. = matsutake n.

ΚΠ

1891 Harper's Mag. Apr. 666 The chief dishes are red partridges and civet de chamois, pine mushrooms, [etc.].

1975 A. H. Smith Field Guide Western Mushrooms 146 Armillaria ponderosa (Pine Mushroom)... The fungus can be found throughout the pine areas.

1989 A. Willan Reader's Digest Compl. Guide to Cookery 312/1 The matsutake (pine mushroom) is the most prized of Japanese fungi.

1997 Canad. Geographic Jan. 66/2 Mushrooms—some familiar some not, are everywhere—..and, here and there, the ivory gleam of a pine mushroom.

pine needle n. the needle-shaped leaf of a pine tree.

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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > needle or needles

needle1798

pine-straw1832

pine tag1835

pine needle1844

straw1856

spine1859

fir-brush1879

fir-needle1883

1844 Catholic World Sept. 832 They were walking up and down a broad woodland path, thick carpeted with pine-needles.

1907 Harper's Mag. June 109 Delicately poised on a single spine of the pine-needles.

2000 Country Illustr. Apr. 34/3 Deep snow forces capercaillie to subsist on pine needles.

pine-needle wool n. rare = pine-wool n.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1906 N.E.D. at Pine sb.² Pine-needle wool.

pine oil n. any of various oils obtained from the leaves, twigs, wood, or resin of pine trees.

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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > other plant-derived oils

oil de baya1398

oil roseta1400

alkitranc1400

laurinec1400

oil of spicac1400

seed oil1400

rape oil1420

nut-oil?c1425

masticine?1440

oil de rose?1440

oil of myrtine?a1450

gingellya1544

rose oil1552

alchitrean1562

oil of spike1577

oil of ben1594

myrtle oil1601

sesamus1601

sampsuchine1616

oil of walnuts1622

rape1641

oil of rhodium1649

rapeseed oil1652

neroli1676

oil of mace1681

spirit of scurvy-grass1682

beech-oil1716

poppy oil1737

castor oil1746

oil of sassafras1753

orange-peel oil1757

wood-oil1759

bergamot1766

sunflower oil1768

Russia oil1773

oil castor1779

tung-yu1788

poppy-seed oil1799

cocoa butter1801

sassafras oil1801

phulwara1805

oil of wine1807

grass oil1827

oil of marjoram1829

cajuput oil1832

essence of mustarda1834

picamar1835

spurge oil1836

oenanthic ether1837

tea oil1837

capnomor1838

cinnamon-oil1838

oil of mustard1838

orange-flower oil1838

resinein1841

mustard oil1844

myrrhol1845

styrol1845

oenanthol1847

shea butter1847

wintergreen1847

gaultheria oil1848

ginger-grass oil.1849

nutmeg oil1849

pine oil1849

peppermint oil1850

cocoa fat1851

orange oil1853

neem oil1856

poonga oil1857

xanthoxylene1857

crab-oil1858

illupi oil1858

Shanghai oil1861

stand oil1862

mustard-seed oil1863

carap oilc1865

cocum butter or oilc1865

Kurung oil1866

muduga oil1866

pichurim oil1866

serpolet1866

sumbul oil1868

sesame oil1870

niger oil1872

summer yellow1872

olibene1873

patchouli oil1875

pilocarpene1876

styrolene1881

tung oil1881

becuiba tallow1884

soy oil1884

tea-seed oil1884

eucalyptus1885

sage oil1888

hop-oil1889

cotton-seed oil1891

lemon oil1896

palmarosa oil1897

illipe butter1904

hydnocarpus oil1905

tung1911

niger seed oil1917

sun oil1937

vanaspati1949

fennel oil-

1849 Sci. Amer. 27 Oct. 46/4 Camphine and Pine Oil are synonymous terms, both preparations being highly rectified spirits of oil of turpentine.

1977 R. L. Duncan Temple Dogs (1978) ii. i. 211 The room smelled slightly of pine oil disinfectant.

2000 Yoga May 16/2 Special..baths are selected according to the need, ranging from relaxing seaweed..or chest relieving pine oil.

pine overcoat n. U.S. slang a coffin, esp. a cheap one.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > receptacle for remains > [noun] > coffin

chestc890

througheOE

tombc1300

cofferc1381

kista1400

coffin1525

box1614

sandapile1623

wooden doublet1761

pillbox1789

casket1849

wooden surtout1864

pine overcoat1890

overcoat1904

wooden kimono1926

pine drape1945

wooden suit1968

1890 Chicago Tribune 29 Aug. 8/1 I enlisted under the Democratic banner when I was 15 years old, and my service will last until I put on my pine overcoat and cease to worry my neighbors.

1996 Denver Westword (Nexis) 20 June (Music section) Williams was fitted for a pine overcoat long before the gods would have claimed a more clean-living man.

pine-pit n. now historical a pit in which pineapples are grown; a type of pinery.

ΚΠ

1779 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 244 In getting them [sc. leaves] into the pine-pits, if they appear dry, we water them.

1880 Encycl. Brit. XII. 224/1 It is therefore necessary to have..pineries for succession plants. These are generally called pine pits, and differ little from the pits used for accommodating other tender plants.

1999 S. Campbell Walled Kitchen Gardens 23 The frame yard included glass-roofed pine-apple pits as well as frames... The pine-pits acted as an adjunct to the range of purpose-built glasshouses.

† pine-ploughed adj. Obsolete rare ploughed through by ships (see sense 6).

ΚΠ

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 443 The Pine-plough'd Sea [Fr. la mer porte-nauire].

1654 T. Blount Acad. Eloquence 47 The Pine-plow'd sea. The Green-mantled earth.

† pine poplar n. Obsolete rare = Lombardy poplar n. at Lombardy n. 2a; cf. poplar pine n. at poplar n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > poplars and allies > [noun]

popple1229

popple-tree1229

abele?a1300

poplar1371

black poplar1542

white poplar1542

poppling1570

cotton tree1633

tacamahac1739

Lombardy poplar1766

poplar pine1770

Po poplar1776

grey poplar1782

cottonwood1787

pine poplar1789

liard1809

white-backa1825

necklace poplar1845

silver poplar1847

weather-tree1847

hackmatack1873

bitter-weed1878

balsam-poplar1884

Russian poplar1884

Lombardy1917

1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 1 78 This tree is called by some the Pine Poplar.

pine rust n. a disease of pine trees caused by a rust fungus, e.g. white pine blister rust.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with trees

heart rot1808

white rot1828

sap-rot1838

red rot1847

conk1851

soft rot1886

pine blister1889

silver-leaf1890

leaf shedding1891

pine rust1893

leaf cast1894

partridge-wood1894

larch blister1895

needle-cast1895

sooty mould1901

white pine blister rust1909

larch needle cast1921

coral-spot1923

ink disease1923

pocket rot1926

wood rot1926

Dutch elm disease1927

oak wilt1942

ash dieback1957

1893 Bot. Gaz. 18 401 In an investigation of the pine rust he was enabled to identify six distinct species.

1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) III. 1580/1 Weymouth Pine Rust is a disease of 5-needled pines caused by the aecidial stage of the rust fungus Cronartium ribicola.

1999 Evolution 53 760/1 Moose, pine rust, and vigorous ground vegetation also disturbed the experiment.

pinesap n. (a) North American either of two saprophytic plants, yellow bird's-nest, Monotropa hypopitys, formerly supposed to be parasitic on the roots of pines, and (in full sweet pinesap) the related Monotropsis odorata, which smells of violets; (b) the sap of a pine tree.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > parasitic plants > [noun] > monotropa genus (Indian pipe)

Monotropa1753

wax-plant1801

Indian pipe1822

pinesap1824

tobacco-pipe1845

ghost plant1856

fir-rape1861

Indian pipestem1869

1824 J. Bigelow Florula Bostoniensis (ed. 2) 176 Monotropa lanuginosa... Pine sap... The root..consists of a mass of agglomerated brownish fibres, said to be parasitic on the roots of trees.

1856 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. (ed. 2) 261 Schweinitzia, Ell. Sweet Pine-sap... A low and smooth brownish plant, 3′–4′ high.., the flowers..exhaling the fragrance of violets.

1915 M. Armstrong & J. J. Thornber Field Bk. Western Wild Flowers 358 Pine-sap, Hypopitys Hypopitys (Monotropa)... The whole plant is waxy, flesh-color or yellowish.

1959 T. R. E. Southwood & D. Leston Land & Water Bugs Brit. Isles ii. 13 A. cinnamomeus differs from other flatbugs..in not being a fungus feeder, for it lives on pine sap.

1988 National Geographic Nov. p. xx What might have become a housing development..remains home to Maryland's only known colony of sweet pinesap.

2001 Kenyon Rev. Winter 108 For the eclipsed sun, quick-cooled like molten lead, Like a drop of pine sap, an abacus bead.

pine savannah n. U.S. savannah in which pine trees predominate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > wooded land > types of

ripplelOE

wildwooda1122

rough1332

firth?a1400

tod stripec1446

osiard1509

bush1523

bush-ground1523

fritha1552

island1638

oak landc1658

pinelandc1658

piney wood1666

broom-land1707

pine barrenc1721

pine savannah1735

savannah1735

thick woods1754

scrub-land1779

olive wood1783

primeval forest1789

open wood1790

strong woods1792

scrub1805

oak flata1816

sertão1816

sprout-land1824

flatwoods1841

bush-land1842

tall timber1845

amber forest1846

caatinga1846

mahogany scrub1846

bush-flat1847

myall country1847

national forest1848

selva1849

monte1851

virgin forest1851

bush-country1855

savannah forest1874

bush-range1879

bushveld1879

protection forest1889

mulga1896

wood-bush1896

shinnery1901

fringing forest1903

monsoon forest1903

rainforest1903

savannah woodland1903

thorn forest1903

tropical rainforest1903

gallery forest1920

cloud forest1922

rain jungle1945

mato1968

1735 New Voy. to Georgia 13 We rode about two Miles farther, where we came to a large Pine Savannat [sic, twice].

1827 O. W. Roberts Narr. Voy. Central Amer. 113 Close to an extensive and beautiful pine savannah.

1976 R. C. West & J. P. Augelli Middle Amer. (ed. 2) ii. 47/2 The chief reason for the Nicaraguan pine-savanna is probably the porous, gravelly soil.

2001 Nature Conservancy Mar.–Apr. 27/1 The Grand Bay Savanna office is working with several..property owners to protect sensitive wet pine savanna habitats.

pine sawfly n. any of various sawflies of the family Diprionidae, whose larvae feed on pine needles.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Symphta or Phytophaga Sessiliventres > member of family Diprionidae (pine saw-fly)

pine sawfly1840

1840 J. Loudon & M. Loudon tr. V. Köllar Treat. Insects iii. 345 The means devised by man for guarding against and destroying the pine saw-fly are as follows.

1993 Harrowsmith June 55 (caption) Among the natural enemies of insects such as these red-headed pine sawfly larvae are fungi.

pine shoot moth n. a small moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (family Tortricidae), having larvae that are destructive to pine shoots, which is native to Europe and has been introduced to North America.

ΚΠ

1929 Sci. Monthly Sept. 269/2 European pine-shoot moth (Evetria buoliana), introduced about 1914.

1992 M. Atherden Upland Brit. viii. 141 They [sc. the pests of pine] include the pine beauty moth, the pine weevil, the pine shoot moth and the pine sawfly.

pine siskin n. a siskin, Carduelis pinus, which has yellow markings on the wings and rump, found in North American pinewoods.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Carduelis > carduelis pinus (pine siskin)

pine finch1810

pine linnet1839

pine goldfinch1877

pine siskin1887

1887 R. Ridgway Man. N. Amer. Birds 400 Northern North America, breeding from northern United States north~ward... Pine Siskin.

1947 Chicago Tribune 28 Dec. vi. 1/1 Some pine siskins..were found munching on birch cones and pods.

1993 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 9 Jan. d8/2 Small numbers of common redpolls and pine siskins arrived afterwards.

pine snake n. (a) a large colubrid snake, Pituophis melanoleucus, which is related to the bull snake and found in North American pinewoods; also called gopher snake; (b) U.S. regional the fox snake, Elaphe vulipna.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Colubridae > member of genus Pituophis (pine-snake)

horn-snake1694

bull-snake1784

pine snake1791

pilot snake1842

1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 276 The pine or bull snake is very large and inoffensive with respect to mankind.

1895 Outing 26 39/2 A pine snake, bloated and glistening, wriggles across the road.

1958 R. Conant Field Guide Reptiles & Amphibians U.S. 157 Fox Snake..A Serpent with many aliases—a ‘timber snake’ in Ohio and parts of Michigan, a ‘pine snake’ in Wisconsin and adjacent states, [etc.].

1995 C. Mattison Encycl. Snakes vii. 152/3 The rare Louisiana pine snake, Pituophis m. ruthveni, lays two to four exceptionally large eggs.

pine squirrel n. North American the American red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus.

ΚΠ

1812 J. J. Henry Accurate Acct. Campaign against Quebec 44 A red pine squirrel, which was too small and quick to be killed by a bullet.

1936 D. McCowan Animals Canad. Rockies xx. 176 The red squirrel, sometimes called pine squirrel, is a forest dweller.

1998 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) 8 Feb. c39/2 Even those pesky little pine squirrels that abound in the black timber have been known to raid snowshoe hare nests.

pine stove n. rare = pinery n. 1.

ΚΠ

1805 J. C. Loudon Short Treat. Improvements Hot-houses 20 New plans for pine-stoves, peach-houses, and pits.

1924 T. W. Sanders & J. Lansdell Grapes: Peaches: Melons 69 We had to grow the plants [sc. vines] in a very high temperature, trained over the walk in a pine stove.

pine-straw n. U.S. pine needles, esp. when dried.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > needle or needles

needle1798

pine-straw1832

pine tag1835

pine needle1844

straw1856

spine1859

fir-brush1879

fir-needle1883

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [adjective] > of or relating to pine-tree and allies > of pine needles

pine-straw1832

pine tag1835

1832 J. P. Kennedy Swallow Barn I. xxviii. 295 The ground was strewed with a thick coat of pine-straw,—as the yellow sheddings of this tree are called.

1939 These are our Lives (Federal Writers' Project, U.S.) 51 The pen was grounded with pine straw as was the shelter.

1994 A. Rogers Pandora i. 46 Sloughing through the pathless deep of the forest heedless of the..ruts and soggy dunes of pinestraw.

pine strawberry n. see sense 3c.

pine swamp n. North American a low-lying piece of ground, esp. a marshy one, on which pine trees grow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > with trees

carrc1440

pine swamp1635

cedar-swamp1637

maple swamp1667

bay-swamp1741

bay-gall1775

bay1795

taiga1888

1635 Cambridge (Mass.) Proprietors' Rec. (1896) 6 More by the pine swampe about six acers.

1705 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1903) XVII. 201 At the South End of a Piece of Meadow & a Pine Swampe.

1862 O. W. Norton Army Lett. (1903) 62 We are bivouacked in a pine swamp.

1995 Jrnl. Ecol. 83 470/1 A few studies have focused on tree-line ecosystems..or pine-swamp forests..or spruce-dominated forests.

pine tag n. U.S. a pine needle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > needle or needles

needle1798

pine-straw1832

pine tag1835

pine needle1844

straw1856

spine1859

fir-brush1879

fir-needle1883

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [adjective] > of or relating to pine-tree and allies > of pine needles

pine-straw1832

pine tag1835

1835 Southern Lit. Messenger Aug. 686/2 The cistern into which water is poured; you have nothing to do but turn the cock and out it comes..‘water, dirt, sticks, bugs, pine tags and all!’

1947 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 13 Oct. 10/3 Oat straw,..pine tags,..and lawn clippings and leaves also could be used [for a mulch].

1998 T. Wolfe Man in Full xxxi. 696 Try lying down on this nice soft bed of pine tags over here.

pine tar n. a viscous, typically dark or tarry liquid mixture of substances including oils, resin and fatty acids, obtained by distilling pine wood, which is used in the manufacture of medicinal products, wood preservatives, etc., and (in North America) to improve the grip on the handle of baseball bats.

ΚΠ

1855 S. Nicolson Nicolson Pavement 5 After being rammed, boiling pine tar was poured over the whole surface, in order that it might penetrate all parts of the pavement.

1927 Sci. Monthly Dec. 501/2 One of the control measures recommended is the use of [fly] repellents, a very effective one..being a mixture of one part furfural and 4 parts of pine-tar oil.

1994 M. Bell Bk. of Dead Men 28 He sights along the handle, he taps it to listen for cracks, he rubs pine tar up and down.

pine thistle n. a Mediterranean thistle, Atractylis gummifera, the root of which contains a gummy substance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > thistles

thistlec725

carduea1398

wolf's-thistlea1400

cardoona1425

wolf-thistle1526

cotton-thistle1548

gum-thistle1548

oat thistle1548

black chameleon1551

ixia1551

Saint Mary thistle1552

milk thistle1562

cow-thistle1565

bedeguar1578

carline1578

silver thistle1578

white chameleon1578

globe thistle1582

ball thistle1597

down thistle1597

friar's crown1597

lady's thistle1597

gummy thistle1598

man's blood1601

musk thistle1633

melancholy thistle1653

Scotch thistle1660

boar-thistle1714

spear- thistle1753

gentle thistle1760

woolly thistle1760

wool-thistle1769

bur-thistlea1796

Canada thistle1796

pine thistle1807

plume thistle1814

melancholy plume thistle1825

woolly-headed thistle1843

dog thistle1845

dwarf thistle1846

welted thistle1846

pixie glove1858

Mexican thistle1866

Syrian thistle1866

bull thistle1878

fish belly1878

fish-bone-thistle1882

green thistle1882

herringbone thistle1884

Californian thistle1891

winged thistle1915

fish-thistles-

1807 R. Morris & J. Kendrick Edinb. Med. & Physical Dict. I Carlina gummifera.., pine-thistle... The root, when wounded, yields a milky, viscous juice, which concretes into tenacious masses.

1976 Trans. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 106 311 ‘Pine-thistle’ an herbal antidote against snakebite.

pine torch n. a torch made of pinewood.

ΚΠ

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy xi. 178 So saying, she put the pine-torch into my hand, and returned into the house.

1943 J. Stuart Taps for Private Tussie 168 Grandma led the way from the kitchen, a-smokin her pipe. Aunt Vittie followed Grandma, a-carryin a pine torch.

1999 Santa Fe New Mexican (Nexis) 4 Dec. 40 Dec. 24... San Juan—Pine Torch Procession.

pine vole n. any of numerous chiefly woodland voles constituting the genus Pitymys (often included in Microtus), found in Eurasia and North America; esp. the common P. pinetorum of the eastern United States, which is sometimes a pest of orchards (also called pine mouse).

ΚΠ

1896 Science 24 Apr. 624/1 (table) 4 Pine Voles (Microtus pinetorum).

1955 I. T. Sanderson Living Mammals of World 124/1 The very common little Pine-Vole of North America (Pitymys)..unfortunately burrows under the soil of all types of grass.

2002 Daily Tel. 9 Oct. 8/2 Specimens of..the Bavarian pine vole, previously thought to be extinct, have been found in the past two years.

pine warbler n. a small warbler, Dendroica pinus (family Parulidae), the male of which has a yellowish throat and breast, found in the pinewoods of eastern North America.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Parulidae (wood warbler) > [noun] > genus Dendroica > dendroica pinus (pine-warbler)

pine creeper1731

pine-creeping warbler1811

pine warbler1831

1831 New Eng. Mag. 1 330 The stillness of the scene is only broken by the shrill note of the Pine-warbler..who..trolls forth a rattling cry.

1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. III. 149/1 The Pine Warbler is a well-named bird, because its nesting sites are always in pine trees.

1996 Conservation Biol. 10 471/2 The Pine Warbler (Dendroica pinus)..winters primarily in the continental United States.

pineweed n. = orange grass n. (b) at orange n.¹ and adj.¹ Compounds 1c(b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Guttiferae (St. John's wort and allies) > [noun]

velderudea1300

grace of God?c1400

floure jonett1423

St John's-wort?a1425

St. Peter's wort1526

hypericum1538

St John's grass1538

johnswort1710

scare-devil1751

orange grass1811

pineweed1814

nit-weed1818

guttifer1846

rose of Sharon1849

amber1861

goatweed1915

Klamath weed1922

1814 J. Bigelow Florula Bostoniensis 73 Sarothra gentianoides Pine weed... A small, erect branching plant.

1907 A. B. Lyons Plant Names (ed. 2) 414 Sarothra... Orange-grass, Pine-weed, Bastard Gentian, Ground Pine, Nit-weed, False Johnswort.

1996 Palm Beach (Florida) Post (Nexis) 17 Nov. 4 b Rare plants, such as the nodding pineweed, can be found on the preserve.

pine weevil n. any of several weevils of the genera Hylobius and Pissodes, most of which are pests of conifers as adults, larvae, or both; spec. (British) the Eurasian H. abietis, the larvae of which live in decaying pine stumps.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Curculionoidea or Rhyncophora > family Curculionidae or genus Curculio > pissodes or hylobius abietus (pine-weevil)

pine weevil1817

white pine weevil1817

1817 Mass. Agric. Jrnl. 4 209 Fig. 2 and 3 represent the Rynchaenus Strobi, or White Pine Weevil of its natural size and magnified.

1862 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1861: Agric. 605 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (37th Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 39) V Hylobius pales..is the common ‘pine weevil’ of the north and the south.

1968 J. Burton Oxf. Bk. Insects 190/1 Large Pine Weevil (Hylobius abietis). This pest of young pines..feeds on the tender bark of shoots.

2002 Northern Woodlands Spring 4/2 After a winter in the soil, white pine weevils are ascending..their host trees to feed and lay eggs.

pine-wool n. now rare a wool-like material made from the fibres of pine needles, used in packing, upholstery, clothing, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > thread or yarn > [noun] > made from other materials

vegetable wool1752

pine-wool1854

nettle yarn1879

1854 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 1 Dec. 38/1 A useful material..originating in Prussia,..and termed pine wool.

1884 Internat. Health Exhib. Official Catal. 42/2 Pine Wool Anti-rheumatic Underclothing.

1978 Devel. & Transfer of Technol. Ser. No. 7 The use of pine needles for fibreboard packing cases, pine-wool for stuffing and packing, [etc.].

† pine-worm n. Obsolete rare the larva of a pine sawfly.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. Pine-worm, the larva of a saw-fly of the genus Lophyrus.

b. Designating preparations having the aroma of pine.

ΚΠ

1890 T. H. Dean How to be Beautiful ii. 23 Pine bath. This is a bath much prized by a beautiful Russian lady.

1931 S. Jameson Richer Dust xiv. 420 Put some pine salts in my bath.

1972 J. Aiken Butterfly Picnic x. 175 [A] powerful effusion of pine bath essence.

1991 G. Keillor WLT: Radio Romance xi. 87 Their steep stairs smelled of pine disinfectant, and the wallpaper was forget-me-nots.

Derivatives

ˈpine-like adj.

ΚΠ

1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 5 The Conarion or Pine-like Glandule [L. glandulam pinealem].

1805 M. Lewis Jrnl. 8 June in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) 306 The pulp is a..substance of a sweetish and pinelike taste.

1850 Househ. Words 6 Apr. 29/2 Pine-like trees, standing against the..sky.

1910 Amer. Naturalist 44 292 Prepinus Jeffrey, which must be regarded as a very antique representative of the pine-like conifers.

1991 Pract. Householder Apr. 38/3 Stairparts are available in two natural timber finishes—mahogany or pine-like hemlock.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pinev.

Brit.

/pʌɪn/, U.S.

/paɪn/

Forms: Old English pinan, Old English–early Middle English pinian, early Middle English pinenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English pini, early Middle English pinie, Middle English pyynde (past participle), Middle English–1600s pyne, Middle English– pine; Scottish pre-1700 pyine, pre-1700 pynnand (present participle), pre-1700 pynnit (past participle), pre-1700 1700s–1800s pyne, pre-1700 1700s– pine, 1700s pinn.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pine n.¹

Etymology: < pine n.¹ Compare Middle Dutch pīnen (Dutch †pijnen ), Middle Low German pīnen , Old High German pīnōn (Middle High German pīnen , early modern German peinen ), Old Icelandic pína , Old Swedish pina (Swedish pina ), Danish pine . Compare later pain v.In Old English the prefixed forms gepīnian , gepīnan are also attested. See pine n.¹ for discussion of the paucity of attestations of the parent noun in Old English.

†1. transitive. To afflict with pain or suffering; to cause to suffer; to torment, trouble, distress. Also intransitive. Cf. pain v. 2. Obsolete (Scottish in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)]

heavyc897

pineeOE

aileOE

sorryeOE

traya1000

sorrowOE

to work (also do) (a person) woeOE

angerc1175

smarta1200

to work, bake, brew balec1200

derve?c1225

grieve?c1225

sitc1225

sweam?c1225

gnawc1230

sughc1230

troublec1230

aggrievea1325

to think sweama1325

unframea1325

anguish1340

teen1340

sowa1352

distrainc1374

to-troublea1382

strain1382

unglad1390

afflicta1393

paina1393

distressa1400

hita1400

sorea1400

assayc1400

remordc1400

temptc1400

to sit (or set) one sorec1420

overthrow?a1425

visit1424

labour1437

passionc1470

arraya1500

constraina1500

misgrievea1500

attempt1525

exagitate1532

to wring to the worse1542

toil1549

lament1580

adolorate1598

rankle1659

try1702

to pass over ——1790

upset1805

to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823

to put (a person) through it1855

bludgeon1888

to get to ——1904

to put through the hoop(s)1919

eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) ii. iii. 41 Ða pinedon hie hiene, mid þæm þæt hie his hand forbærndon.

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. viii. 29 Uenisti huc ante tempus torquere nos : ðu cuome hider ær tid to pinenne [OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. to þreagenne] usih.

?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 On his time þe Iudeus of Noruuic bohton an xpisten cild beforen Estren, & pineden him alle þe ilce pining ðæt ure Drihten was pined.

c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. F) l. 33 Nu me wulleþ prikien þeo pikes inne helle, pinien me ful so[re all] for þine sunne.

a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 48 (MED) I sal biueren in vours & chiuerren in ise & ben ipinet for þe on ateliche wyse.

c1300 St. Patrick's Purgatory (Laud) 203 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 206 (MED) Þis wrechche gostes weren..i-pinede with Irene and with fuyre.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 130 (MED) Þou gest into helle, huer þou sselt yuinde..a þousond pinen þet neure ne endeþ þe uor to pini.

?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 213 (MED) Seruauntis ben cruely beten, pyned, prisoned & sumtyme hangid & drawen for worldly trespas.

a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 1236 (MED) If sche wil not mend hir mynd, Þan bodely sche salbe pynd.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) iv. 5 Doand penaunce & pynand ȝow for ȝoure synnes.

1569 T. Underdowne tr. Ovid Inuectiue against Ibis K vj b Aristophanes was by publike authoritie pyned to death.

1594 G. Peele Battell of Alcazar iv. ii Pin'd let him be with Tantalus' endless thirst.

1635 F. Quarles Emblemes v. i. 246 O tell him..how my soule is pin'd.

1724 A. Ramsay Sc. Cantata in Tea-table Misc. Hence frae my breast, contentious care, Ye've tint the power to pine.

1787 W. Taylor Poems 88 My love-sick mind with anguish pin'd, Is dead to pleasure.

1818 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor x, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 230 They prick us and they pine us and they pit us on the pinnywinkles for witches.

1878 A. Laing Wayside Flowers (ed. 4) 32 Mary, her mither, a' broken an' pin'd Wi' trouble o' body, wi' trouble o' mind.

†2. intransitive. To suffer, to endure pain or (occasionally) penance. (In later use merged with sense 4.) Obsolete (archaic in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > be in adversity [verb (intransitive)]

tholec897

pinea1225

steada1300

endure1340

to well in woea1350

labourc1450

concernc1592

to have a good (bad, etc.) time (of it, formerly on it)1647

to have the wind in one's face1649

to be on (also at) the receiving end1909

to feel the draught1925

to have (one's) ass in a sling1960

to be in lumber1965

the mind > emotion > suffering > suffer mental pain [verb (intransitive)]

tholec897

throwOE

smarta1200

pinea1225

to well in woea1350

painc1350

labourc1450

to fight sore at heart1490

tear1666

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 35 Ic walde fein pinian and sitten on forste and on snawe.

c1300 St. Leonard (Harl.) 30 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 477 (MED) Heo pynede so sore þat heo was anon to þe deþe ibroȝt.

?1316 Short Metrical Chron. (Royal) 565 in J. Ritson Anc. Eng. Metrical Romanceës (1802) II. 293 (MED) The levedy pinede so sore Er that child were ybore.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xix. 319 (MED) Grace gaue hym þe crosse..That cryst vpon caluarye for mankynd on pyned.

c1410 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Harl. 7334) (1885) §847 To synne and to pyne of þe deþ þat is pardurable.

c1450 (c1400) Julian of Norwich Revelations Divine Love: Shorter Version (1978) 40 (MED) Saynte Cecylle..hadde thre woundys with a swerde in the nekke, with the whilke sche pynede to the dede.

1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xii. vii. 226 She sticketh also needels fine In liuers, whereby men doo pine.

a1598 D. Fergusson Sc. Prov. (1641) sig. C2 He that hes na geir to tyne, hes shins to pine.

1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem 23 And their severe slighting of wine Makes them so with the Collick pine.

1821 W. Liddle Poems 149 If from paunching Bacchus' wine, Then they should a' be made to pine.

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 280 His slaughtering-stock before the knife would pine.

a. transitive. To exhaust or waste (a person, animal, etc.) with physical or emotional suffering, esp. with hunger, disease, or grief; to cause to languish, to wear out; to deprive of food, to starve. Frequently with out, away, to death, etc. Also intransitive. Now English regional (northern) and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)] > overcome with

pinea1325

slayc1386

surcharge1566

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > affect with wasting disease [verb (transitive)]

wastec1230

forpinec1275

pinea1325

corrodec1400

rust1493

macerate1547

forwaste1563

tabefy1656

tabid1661

colliquate1666

undermine1879

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 179 He pine man wid sorwe and dred, And don h[i]m [MS hem] monen his sinfulhed.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 9230 (MED) He wep & cride on is men þat hii ssolde on him rewe, Þat he nere to deþe ipined.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1095 Ȝet comen lodly to þat Lede, as lazares monye, Summe lepre, summe lome..Poysened, and parlatyk, and pyned in fyres.

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 155 (MED) Þei ensegen þe soulis of men and pynen hem bi þe worste hungir.

c1475 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 223 (MED) He toke this rightwys kyng..And hym in prison put perpetuelly, Pyned to deth, alas, ful pyteuxly.

1549 J. Cheke Hurt of Sedicion sig. C4 Seynge ye so vnpityfullye vexe menne,..pyne them with famine.

1563 Ld. J. Gray in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 279 The thought and care she takethe..pines her awaye.

1596 P. Barrough Method of Phisick (ed. 3) vi. xiii. 372 Phisitions..keepe their patients in darkenes..pining them euen vnto bones.

1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 111 When as shee was fully determined to pine her selfe to death: hee caused her mouth perforce to bee opened, and meate to be crammed into her throate.

?1620 S. Rowlands Paire of Spy-knaues 19 Thou do'st onely pinch, and pine, and spare, To hord vp money.

c1646 in S. Glover Hist. County of Derby (1829) I. App. 67 [Wingfield Manor] was a place that could not be otherwise taken, without they were pined out.

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Crocus The Bulb seem'd..to be pin'd and emaciated.

1759 S. Fielding Hist. Countess of Dellwyn I. 223 He fattened on Flattery, and pined himself away.

1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. 87/2 Clam, to pine to death for want of water.

a1845 T. Hood Lamia iv, in W. Jerdan Autobiogr. (1852) I. 267 I'd pine him to a ghost for want of rest.

1851 T. A. Buckley tr. Homer Iliad i. 17 But he pined away his great dear, remaining there.

1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) Pine, to starve, kill by starvation. ‘They besieged the town in hope to pine 'em.’

1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche iv. iii. 41 If she there had died of hunger pined.

1924 J. H. Wilkinson Leeds Dial. Gloss. 167 Doan't pine 'im, Missis, give 'im summat to eyt.

†b. transitive (reflexive). To exert oneself; to take pains; to labour, toil. Cf. pain v. 4. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself [verb (reflexive)] > take trouble

apainc1315

painc1330

anpainc1380

enpaync1380

pinec1400

trouble?a1513

becumber1550

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 5905 Mychel he hym pyned er al þis londe He haueþ ywonne.

a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 100 His fadyr and his modir pyned hem to lere hym som craft.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 11558 All grauntid the gome to þe gay qwene, ffor to proker hir pes, & pyne hym þerfore.

1802 J. Sibbald Chron. Sc. Poetry Gloss. He pyned himself, he used his best endeavours.

†c. transitive. To put (an animal) to work. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > work animals

labourc1405

pinea1425

jade1615

slave1699

drive1889

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 150 A bole þat shal be kild..is not pyned ne traveilid wiþ oþer beestis.

a. intransitive. Of a person or animal: to become exhausted or wasted from physical or emotional suffering, esp. from hunger, disease, or grief; to lose vitality or vigour, to languish. Frequently with away, to death, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > have wasting disease [verb (intransitive)]

dwinec1000

shrinkc1000

swindOE

wastea1300

pinea1325

rot1340

tapishc1375

wastea1387

consume1495

decaya1538

winder1600

pule1607

moch1818

to run down1826

tabefy1891

a1325 St. Peter (Corpus Cambr.) 186 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 253 Ȝif þat soþ were, Him sulue [he] wolde deliueri and noȝt ligge & pini þere.

c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 12801 (MED) Achilles..was In loue bounden, That maketh a man to morne & pyne.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 400 Pynyn, or languryn in sekenesse..langueo, elangueo.

a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Laud) (1998) I. 528 The kyng..hem badde That he shulde oþer dayes nyne In prison leve and þere pyne.

1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. B.v So doeth the soule pyne awaye for default of gostly meate.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxcii His wife, whiche pined to deathe for sorowe.

1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. H3^v He ten times pines, that pines beholding food.

1612 T. Dekker If it be not Good sig. C^v Churles..fat their rancke gutts whilest poor wretches pine.

c1665 L. Hutchinson Mem. Colonel Hutchinson (1973) 150 Pining with spite and envie.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 18 They generally pine away..and die in a short time.

1782 S. Johnson Let. 28 Mar. (1994) IV. 28 You must get a place, or pine in penury.

1857–9 Trans. Highlands Soc. 84 Animals that pine cannot appropriate or assimilate to themselves nutritive substances.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems viii. 14 But thou'lt be mourning thus to pine unask'd alway.

1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xxvii. 40 Is my friend hearty, Now I am thin and pine, And has he found to sleep in A better bed than mine?

1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo xi. 155 After several months, for some unaccountable reason, it went ‘off its feed’ and visibly pined.

1988 S. Quinn Mind of her Own i. 26 When she is away from him, even on a July vacation, she pines.

2004 Pioneer Press (SE. Minnesota) (Nexis) 6 Jan. 9 d She [sc. a dog] was never the same with our cousin['s] family as with us, and within the year she had pined away and..died.

b. intransitive. Of a thing: to lose vigour or intensity; to decrease in size, to shrink. Now English regional (northern) and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > decrease in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (intransitive)]

littleOE

setc1000

wanzec1175

lessc1225

allayc1275

wane1297

slaken1303

disincreasec1374

slakec1380

decrease1382

debatea1400

unwaxa1400

wastea1400

adminishc1400

lessenc1400

imminish14..

aslakec1405

minish?a1425

assuagec1430

shrinkc1449

to let down1486

decay1489

diminish1520

fall1523

rebate1540

batea1542

to come down1548

abate1560

stoop1572

pine1580

slack1580

scanten1585

shrivel1588

decrew1596

remit1629

contract1648

subside1680

lower1697

relax1701

drop1730

to take off1776

to run down1792

reduce1798

recede1810

to run off1816

to go down1823

attenuatea1834

ease1876

downscale1945

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > actions of wood [verb (intransitive)] > shrink

pine1833

1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 45^v The titters or tine, makes hop to pine.

1709 Celebrated Beauties in J. Tonson Poet. Misc. VI. 527 So sparkling Flames raise Water to a Smile, Yet the pleas'd Liquor pines, and lessens all the while.

1800 J. Tuke Gen. View Agric. N. Riding Yorks. (new ed.) 126 The corn being thrashed as soon after it is cut, measures much more than it would at a later period, when, by drying, it has pined and lost considerable bulk.

1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. ii. ii. 492 The granary floor to be laid with inch-and-quarter white-wood battens, dressed and jointed: the battens to be laid loose, so as to take up and relay after pining (shrinking).

1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 173 In the Canary Islands, where the tobacco industry had to be resorted to after the cochineal pined.

1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial N. Riding Yorks. 96/1 If ye coom t'nar saad [of a lame horse] it's good ti see it's iv his shaulder, ye can see how it's pined.

1943 F. Thompson Candleford Green x. 166 Young trees had been planted, of which some had already died and others were pining.

1963 H. Orton & P. M. Tilling Surv. Eng. Dial. I. iii. 995 Q[uestion]. If a door has been made of unseasoned wood, before long it will be sure to... [Yorkshire] Pine.

c. transitive. With away, †out: to spend or wear out (life, health, etc.) in pining.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > make dejected [verb (transitive)] > spend or pass time in dejection

pine1597

linger1725

mope1791

1597 H. Lok Ecclesiastes v. 50 He pines away the remnant of his dayes.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 95. ⁋1 Persons in the married State..pine away their Days, by looking upon the same Condition in Anguish and Murmur.

1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xv. 383 She..for Ulysses lost Pin'd out her bloom, and vanish'd to a ghost.

1775 S. J. Pratt Liberal Opinions (1783) I. xxxiv. 208 Many..pining away existence under the lashes..of reproach.

1853 W. M. Thackeray Eng. Humourists vi. 319 Barristers pining a hungry life out in chambers.

1869 W. H. Dixon Her Majesty's Tower 189 Her husband..was pining out his soul for love.

1913 Gaz. & Bull. (Williamsport, Pa.) 30 Apr. 5/3 He refused food and gradually pined his life away.

1995 A. Halkin Enemy Reviewed vii. 132 Would a modern woman pine away her whole life for a childhood fantasy?

2004 Record (Kitchener-Waterloo, Ont.) (Nexis) 28 Feb. j4 Narcissus, who in Greek legend fell in love with his own image in a pool and pined his life away.

a. intransitive. To complain, moan, fret. Now English regional (eastern) and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > discontent or dissatisfaction > state of complaining > complain [verb (intransitive)]

murkeOE

misspeakOE

yomer971

chidea1000

murkenOE

grutch?c1225

mean?a1300

hum13..

plainta1325

gruntc1325

plainc1325

musea1382

murmurc1390

complain1393

contrary1393

flitec1400

pinea1425

grummec1430

aggrudge1440

hoinec1440

mutterc1450

grudge1461

channerc1480

grunch1487

repine1529

storm?1553

expostulate1561

grumblea1586

gruntle1591

chunter1599

swagger1599

maunder1622

orp1634

objurgate1642

pitter1672

yelp1706

yammer1794

natter1804

murgeon1808

groan1816

squawk1875

jower1879

grouse1887

beef1888

to whip the cat1892

holler1904

yip1907

peeve1912

grouch1916

nark1916

to sound off1918

create1919

moana1922

crib1925

tick1925

bitch1930

gripe1932

bind1942

drip1942

kvetchc1950

to rag on1979

wrinch2011

a1425 Serm. (Rawl.) in G. Cigman Lollard Serm. (1989) 195 Encresen in her malice, falsely reporting þe wordis of her techers or vndernymmers, pynnyng at her wordis and putting on hem lesyngis.

1687 J. Norris Coll. Misc. 107 I'll now no longer grieve or pine.

1790 D. Morison Poems 140 Tak this, that heaven has sent, Or pinning ye'll thro' life the deed repent.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth v, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 132 Thou awakest to hone, and pine, and moan, as if she had drawn a hot iron across thy lips.

1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila ii. ii. 73 The eager and ardent spirits that pined at the..inactivity of Ferdinand's..campaign.

1840 R. H. Barham Ingoldsby Legends I. 333 Scratching and whining, And moaning and pining.

a1903 E. Matthew in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1905) IV. 510/1 [Norfolk] She's allus a fretterin and pinin.

b. transitive. To lament, mourn (a loss). Now archaic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lament or express grief for [verb (transitive)]

sorroweOE

meaneOE

bemournOE

mournOE

bemoanc1000

ofthink?c1225

bequeatha1325

moana1325

plain1340

wail1362

bewailc1374

complainc1374

waymenta1400

grievec1400

sorrowa1425

regratec1480

lament1535

deplore1567

dole1567

condole1607

pine1667

rave1810

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 848 Abasht the Devil stood..and saw Vertue in her shape how lovly, saw, and pin'd His loss.

1769 A. Machay Pasquin II. 187 They saw and pined their loss.

1872 A. C. Swinburne Under Microscope 8 We..see, and pine our loss.

1988 Times 5 Dec. 19/5 We pine the passing of Sir Gilbert Scott's red telephone kiosks.

6. Chiefly Scottish.

a. transitive. To dry or cure (fish, meat, etc.) by exposure to the weather. Now Scottish and English regional (northern) and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > pickle or preserve [verb (transitive)] > dry

pine1560

spit1617

deese1682

jerk1709

charqui1820

sun-cure1885

dehydrate1921

1560 MS Rec. Aberdeen XXIV in Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (1880) III. 572/1 The fische wes nocht pynit nor rypit aneucht.

1641 S. Smith Herring-bvsse Trade 10 The Pickle..doth so pine and overcome the nature of the Herring, that it makes it stiffe.

1705 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1824) XI. 293/1 That all the herring or white fish..shall be pined cured and packed from the bottom to the top with forreign salt allennarly.

1705 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1824) XI. 296 That the beef and pork be well salted and pyned.

1733 P. Lindsay Interest Scotl. 211 To direct the right Manner of salting and pinning them, and to sort the full from the spawn Herrings, to be pinn'd in different Fats or Casks.

1814 J. Shirreff Gen. View Agric. Shetland 91 When the body of the fish is all equally dried, here called pined, which is known by the salt appearing on the surface in a white efflorescence, here called bloom.

1866 T. Edmondston Etymol. Gloss. Shetland & Orkney Dial. 84 Pine fish (to), to dry fish by exposure to the weather.

1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words 612 Pine, to dry, to desiccate.

b. intransitive. Of fish: to shrink as in the process of curing. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > be pickled or preserved [verb (intransitive)] > be cured > shrink in curing process

pine1914

1914 J. S. Angus Gloss. Shetland Dial. 101 Pine, to shrink in drying, as..fish, etc.; to dwindle.

1968 Sc. National Dict. VII. 128/3 Abd. 1936: A quantity of herring which shrink in a barrel is said to pine.

7. intransitive. To yearn; to languish with desire, to hunger for something; to long eagerly. With for, after, or infinitive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn [verb (intransitive)] > pine

honea1400

languor1526

pine1569

to eat one's (own) heart1590

sicken1802

moon1878

1569 B. Googe Shippe of Safegarde sig. Bvi A goodly thing to pine for riches so, And know not who shall haue them when we go.

1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet v. iii. 235 The new-made Bridegroome..For whome, and not for Tibalt, Iuliet pinde.

1696 N. Tate & N. Brady New Version Psalms of David xlii. 2 For thee, my God,..My thirsty Soul doth pine.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. ii. 312 Who died there pining for their native home.

1783 G. Crabbe Village i. 5 Can poets sooth you, when you pine for bread, By winding myrtles round your ruin'd shed?

1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux I. ii. vii. 218 We pine for sympathy.

1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet III. xxii. 258 Harry Temple was wise enough to give up pining after what he could not get.

1926 People's Home Jrnl. Feb. 14/1 Some of us pine of course to do what we can't do.

1951 ‘J. Wyndham’ Day of Triffids xii. 215 Occasionally she pined a little for the bright lights which she hoped the Americans would restore.

1979 R. P. Graves A. E. Housman (1981) iii. 44 In the romantic fashion of the day, it would not be too much to say that he pined for their company.

1991 J. Wolf Daughter of Red Deer ii. xiv. 276 She is still pining for the boy she was promised to at home.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pine
释义	pinen.¹ Brit. /pʌɪn/, U.S. /paɪn/ Forms: Old English–Middle English pin, Middle English pyen, Middle English pyin, Middle English pyn, Middle English pynne, Middle English–1500s pyne, Middle English– pine, 1700s pein (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 pyn, pre-1700 pynne, pre-1700 1700s–1800s pyne, pre-1700 1700s– pine, 1700s pinn, 1900s– pein, 1900s– peine. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin poena. Etymology: < classical Latin poena penalty, punishment (see poena n.). Compare Old Frisian pīne , Old Saxon pīna (Middle Low German pīne , pīn ), Middle Dutch pīne , pijn (Dutch pijn ), Old High German pīna (Middle High German pīne , pīn , German Pein , now archaic), Icelandic pína (17th cent.; compare Old Icelandic pína in sense ‘fine’), Old Swedish pina (Swedish pina ), Danish pine , also Early Irish pén , pían (Irish pian ), all from Latin. Compare later pain n.¹Apparently introduced into Germanic and Celtic languages with Christianity. The word is not reliably attested in Old English before 1100 (although the related pīnian pine v., pīnere piner n.¹, pīnung pining n. are); the reading in quot. OE at sense 1 is from the badly damaged MS Galba A.xiv, and seems reasonably secure given the closeness of the Old English wording to the Latin prayer Ad Tertiam (see further R. A. Banks in Notes & Queries (1965) 210 207–13). †1. Punishment; torment, torture, suffering or loss inflicted as punishment; persecution; spec. a punishment suffered in hell or purgatory; = pain n.¹ 1, 2. Obsolete (Scottish in later use.) ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > [noun] > pain or suffering inflicted as pineOE painc1300 exercisec1386 reproof?a1425 the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun] > torment of Hell witec825 pineOE wormc1000 woec1175 painc1300 second deathc1384 penancec1395 burning marl1667 penancy1682 torment1852 OE Prayers at Tierce in Notes & Queries (1965) 210 211 Min drihten hæle[nd] crist, þu þe on þa ðriddan [tide] dæges to ro[de pi]ne [L. ad crucis pęnam] gelæded wære for ealles middaneardes hælo. lOE tr. Honorius Augustodunensis Elucidarium in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 142 God lætt libben þa yfele mænn for þan..þæt heo heo beðæncen & gecerren of heora hindernysse, & bute heo gecerren, heora pine wurð þa mare [L. maioribus suppliciis torqueantur]. ?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 I ne can..tellen..alle þe pines ðæt hi diden wreccemen on þis land. c1200 ( West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Hatton) xxv. 46 And þanne fareð hyo on ece pine [OE Corpus Cambr. susle, OE Lindisf. Gospels tintergo]. a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 19 (MED) Ne mai ic þenchen, ne mid muðe seggen, ne on boke write, alle ðo pinen of helle. ?a1300 (a1250) Harrowing of Hell (Digby) (1907) 179 (MED) Sulde a god chil ben Ibore Þat sulde bringen of helle pine Alle þat þou clepedest for þine. c1350 Ayenbite (1866) App. 265 (MED) Þer ich yzeȝ alle manyere tormens; þe leste of alle is more þanne alle þe pynen þet moȝe by y-do ine þise wordle. a1400 (?c1300) Lay Folks Mass Bk. (Royal) (1879) 472 Alle in purgatory pyne. c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame 1512 Proserpyne..quene ys of the derke pyne. a1500 (c1400) St. Erkenwald (1977) 188 (MED) Witere vs..Queþer art þou ioyned to ioy oþir iuggid to pyne. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 54 To stire vp..ill men to flie vice throuch the pines that thay see Jll men pinet with. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xvi. lvii. 291 The victor..pardons her, that merits death and pine. 1828 Lady Isabel in P. Buchan Anc. Ballads & Songs N. Scotl. I. 132 But yours is in the lowest hell, To drie torment and pine. 2. Suffering, affliction, distress, trouble. Now Scottish. †a. Physical pain, discomfort, or suffering; = pain n.¹ 3. Obsolete.In Middle English often with reference to the passion of Christ. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [noun] sorec825 acheeOE wrakeOE trayOE woe?a1200 pinec1200 sorrowc1225 teenc1225 grievousness1303 dolec1320 balea1325 painc1330 warkingc1340 dolour?c1370 sufferance1422 offencea1425 angerc1440 sufferingc1450 penalty?1462 penality1496 grief1509 stress1533 sufferance1597 somatalgia1607 suffering1609 tort1632 miserya1825 c1200 Serm. in Eng. & Germanic Stud. (1961) 7 63 Heo veren nakede and of hingrede, and of þurch and þoleden alle þa pine þet man of iþenchen. c1275 Orison of our Lord (Jesus Oxf.) in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 139 Cryst..þat for vs þoledest so swiþe muchel pyn. c1330 (?c1300) Speculum Guy (Auch.) (1898) 586 Ȝif þe falleþ trauail on honde Or pine of bodi..Off al þis þu most suffraunt be. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 723 (MED) Þe pyne he suffred for þy gode. c1425 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Harl.) 325 (MED) He lay at Oxenforde & drou toward þe deþe And deyde þer in pyne ynou. a1500 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Wellcome) f. 24^v (MED) Long pyne [L. longa debilitas] in A lyme ledithe all þe body in to corrupcion. 1706 Mare of Collingtoun in J. Watson Choice Coll. Scots Poems 60 It will be good against the pine Of any wriest or strienȝie. a1783 Rose Red in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1892) IV. viii. 418 'Twas never my mither's fashion..That belted knights shold eer remain Where ladies dreed their pine. 1880 W. Robbie Glendornie p. xv It wid hae been a lamiter a' its days; an' maybe it was jist as weel t' pit it oot o' pine. 1887 W. Morris tr. Homer Odyssey I. xi. 197 Nor came the sickness upon me to drive the soul away From the limbs that erst it quickened, with woeful waste and pine. 1898 Weekly Free Press & Aberdeen Herald June 25 Ye should kill the beast an' pit her oot o' pyne. b. Mental suffering; grief, sorrow, anguish; = pain n.¹ 4. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun] sorec888 teeneOE sorrowOE workOE wrakeOE careOE gramec1000 harmOE howc1000 trayOE woweOE angec1175 derfnessc1175 sytec1175 unwinc1175 wosithc1200 ail?c1225 barrat?c1225 derf?c1225 grief?c1225 misease?c1225 misliking?c1225 ofthinkingc1225 passion?c1225 troublec1230 pinec1275 distress1297 grievancea1300 penancea1300 cumbermentc1300 languorc1300 cumbering1303 were1303 angera1325 strifea1325 sweama1325 woea1325 painc1330 tribulationc1330 illa1340 threst1340 constraintc1374 troublenessc1380 afflictiona1382 bruisinga1382 miseasetya1382 pressurec1384 exercisec1386 miscomfortc1390 mislikea1400 smarta1400 thronga1400 balec1400 painfulnessc1400 troublancec1400 smartness?c1425 painliness1435 perplexity?a1439 penalty?1462 calamity1490 penality1496 cumber?a1513 sussy1513 tribule1513 afflict?1529 vexation of spirit1535 troublesomeness1561 hoe1567 grievedness1571 tribulance1575 languishment1576 thrall1578 tine1590 languorment1593 aggrievedness1594 obturbation1623 afflictedness1646 erumny1657 pathos1684 shock1705 dree1791 vex1815 wrungnessa1875 dukkha1886 thinkache1892 sufferation1976 the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [noun] tintreghc893 threat971 piningOE murderOE anguish?c1225 woea1250 pinec1275 tormentc1290 languorc1300 heartbreakc1330 surcarkingc1330 martyrement1340 threst1340 agonyc1384 martyrdomc1384 tormentryc1386 martyre?a1400 tormentisec1405 rack?a1425 anguishing1433 angorc1450 anguishnessa1475 torture?c1550 heartsickness1556 butchery1582 heartache1587 anguishment1592 living hell1596 discruciation1597 heart-aching1607 throeing1615 rigour1632 crucifixion1648 lancination1649 bosom-hell1674 heart-rending1707 brain-racking1708 tormentation1789 bosom-throe1827 angoisse1910 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1258 Often heo hæfde seorwe & pine. c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Laud) (1901) 261 (MED) Heo..Bi daie ne bi niȝte Wiþ him speke ne miȝte Hire foreȝe ne hire pine Ne miȝte neure fine. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 3008 (MED) Tristrem and ganhardin, Treuþe pliȝten þay..Trewe to ben ay, In ioie and in pin. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 330 (MED) My precios perle dotz me gret pyne. 1461 T. Playter in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 236 Ye arn jnbylled to be made knygth..for the gladnesse and plesour of al your welwyllers and to the pyne and dyscomfort of all your jlle-wyllers. a1500 (a1475) G. Ashby Dicta Philosophorum 697 in Poems (1899) 74 (MED) Thre thinges bene contrary to a kyng, To be in superflue drinkyng of wyne, And of musyke to haue to ofte hering, And to be..in love-is pyne. 1568 T. Howell Arbor of Amitie f. 20 My pleasure, pine, and paine. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xix. civ. 357 That high crie..Pierst through her hart with sorrow, griefe, and pine. 1721 A. Ramsay Robert Richy & Sandy 30 [He] sung on aeten reed the lover's pine. a1783 Child Waters in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1890) IV. vii. 88 O I canna eat nor drink, master, My heart's sae full of pine. 1812 Scotchman 62 Keepin me frae langor—baith lessenin the pleasour o guid, an the pine o ill companie. 1868 I. Craig-Knox Ballad Brides of Quair ix More than one hath lived in pine, And more than one hath died of care. 1920 A. Gray Songs & Ballads 18 They wad greet me wi' their dewdraps To sane me o' my pein. 1950 Scots Mag. July 264 An she faulded her petals tae heild her pine. †c. Suffering caused by hunger or lack of food; famine, want, starvation. Also figurative: intense desire or longing. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > [noun] > pining pine1567 pining1579 the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > hunger > [noun] > starvation or action of starving hungerc825 faminec1405 pininga1450 famishmentc1470 famishing1490 starving1549 pine1567 affamishment1588 hunger-starving1592 starvation1762 clemming1773 starvation1775 1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Fiiij Greedie thrist and knawinge pyne Of siluer, and of goulde. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. v. sig. Q3 Forst through penurie and pyne,..For nought was giuen them to sup or dyne. View more context for this quotation a1600 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems xxxvii. 6 Sen nane bot I hes for thy persone pyne. 1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xv. 367 On all their weary ways wait Care and Pain, And Pine and Penury. †3. Trouble taken or undergone in accomplishing or attempting anything; labour, exertion, pains; difficulty; = pain n.¹ 5a. Obsolete (English regional (northern) in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > trouble taken to accomplish anything whilec1175 painc1330 pine?c1335 teenc1380 adoc1400 labourc1405 painsc1480 trouble1577 fatigue1669 ?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 94 (MED) Al þat þou wan here wiþ pine, A broþin eir sal wast it al And be al oþeris þat was þine. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1136 Erth..Wit pine..sal þe ȝeild þi fode. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 1988 Þei ascaped with mykelle pyne. a1500 (c1400) St. Erkenwald (1977) 141 (MED) Pyne wos wyt þe grete prece þat passyd hym after. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. iv. xi. 84 I will tak pyne..to do sic thingis for defence of public liberte. 1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 37 It's Pine to tell; it is difficult to tell. 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. It's pine, q. pein, it's difficult. †4. A complaint, a lamentation. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > [noun] > instance or act of lamenting moan?c1225 mean?c1250 bimena1325 lamentation1382 queryc1400 pinec1440 tragedy1536 lamentc1592 complaint?1606 conclamation1627 quiritation1634 throb1635 pathetic1667 dismals1774 jeremiad1780 complain1820 tangi1836 Jobism1855 wail1867 rune1922 vigil1956 the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > discontent or dissatisfaction > state of complaining > [noun] > action of complaining yomeringc1000 grutching?c1225 plainingc1300 complaintc1384 murmurc1385 murmurationc1390 groiningc1405 grudgingc1420 musinga1425 querimonyc1450 storming1461 mutteringc1475 grudge1477 grunching1487 murmuringc1530 muting1542 repining1550 orpingc1598 maundering1611 oggannition1625 jowering1628 remonstrating1647 regrudginga1677 complaining1702 pesting1705 yammering1705 growling1752 pine1804 gruntling1834 bitching1939 griping1945 pissing1947 bitch1975 kitchen-sinking1975 c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 3043 (MED) Thane boldly þay buske and bendes engynes, Payses in pylotes and proues theire castes..The pyne of þe pople was pete for to here. 1804 ‘Gabrielli’ Something Odd! III. 179 To give way to unavailing pines. 5. Chiefly British regional. A wasting disease of sheep and cattle characterized by loss of appetite, wasting, and anaemia, caused by cobalt deficiency. Also pine disease. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of sheep > [noun] > other disorders of sheep pocka1325 soughta1400 pox1530 mad1573 winter rot1577 snuffa1585 leaf1587 leaf-sickness1614 redwater1614 mentigo1706 tag1736 white water1743 hog pox1749 rickets1755 side-ill1776 resp1789 sheep-fag1789 thorter-ill1791 vanquish1792 smallpox1793 shell-sicknessc1794 sickness1794 grass-ill1795 rub1800 pine1804 pining1804 sheep-pock1804 stinking ill1807 water sickness1807 core1818 wryneck1819 tag-belt1826 tag-sore1828 kibe1830 agalaxia1894 agalactia1897 lupinosis1899 trembling1902 struck1903 black disease1906 scrapie1910 renguerra1917 pulpy kidney1927 dopiness1932 blowfly strike1933 body strike1934 sleepy sickness1937 swayback1938 twin lamb disease1945 tick pyaemia1946 fly-strike1950 maedi1952 nematodiriasis1957 visna1957 maedi-visna1972 visna-maedi1972 1804 in Trans. Highl. Soc. (1807) 3 405 In the pine,..the condition of the animal is too high, its blood too thick, and its pasture too arid. 1847 J. Halliday Rustic Bard 318 The sheep for miles roond are a' deid i' the pine. 1938 Biochem. Jrnl. 32 1804 For preventative and curative purposes 1 mg. doses of Co[balt] are necessary to ensure reliable results in the treatment of pine disease in sheep. 1958 New Scientist 13 Mar. 19/1 Cobalt bullets shot into the fore-stomach of sheep will cure and even prevent animals from contracting the wasting disease variously called pine, daising, moor sickness, coast disease, bush sickness or salt sickness. 1984 N. N. Greenwood & A. Earnshaw Chem. of Elements (1986) xxvi. 1321 The wasting disease in sheep and cattle known variously as ‘pine’ (Britain)..has been recognized since the late eighteenth century. Compounds † pinequale n. Obsolete death accompanied by torment. ΚΠ c1175 ( Homily: Larspell (Bodl. 343) in A. S. Napier Wulfstan (1883) 241 Mid þam grimmestan pinecwale [OE suselcwale] aa on ecnysse. † pinestall n. Obsolete a place of punishment (in quot.: the place of the Crucifixion) (see also pine bank n.). ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > [noun] > place pinestallc1425 c1425 Lay Folks Mass Bk. (York Min. 16.K.6) (1879) 43 (MED) Þai..gerte hym bere on his bak þe cros to þe pynstal. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pinen.² Brit. /pʌɪn/, U.S. /paɪn/ Inflections: Plural pines, unchanged. Forms: Old English pinn- (in compounds, rare), Old English–Middle English pin, Middle English payn, Middle English pigne, Middle English pyon, Middle English pyoun, Middle English pyner (plural, transmission error), Middle English–1500s pyn, Middle English–1600s pyne, Middle English– pine, 1500s pynne; Scottish pre-1700 peine, pre-1700 pyn, pre-1700 1700s– pine, pre-1700 1900s– pyne. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin pīnus; French pin. Etymology: Originally < classical Latin pīnus (see below); subsequently reinforced by Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French pin (c1100; French pin) < classical Latin pīnus pine tree, pinewood, ship, mast, oar, torch, probably < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek πίτυς pine tree, and the first element of Sanskrit pītudāru, denoting a kind of pine. Compare Old Occitan pin (c1070; Occitan pin), Catalan pi (1033 as pin), Spanish pino (800), Italian pino (a1292).With sense 1b compare classical Latin pīnea pine cone (use as noun of feminine of pīneus of or belonging to the pine tree < pīnus pine tree + -eus : see -eous suffix); also Old French pinee , Old Occitan pinha (a1149; Occitan pinha ), Catalan pinya (13th cent.), Spanish piña (c1250 as pinna ; compare pina n.), Italian pigna (14th cent.). Compare also Anglo-Norman pyne, Old French pin occasionally in this sense. The form pigne (in Gower) may show influence from the place name in the preceding line, with which it rhymes. I. A tree, and related uses. 1. a. Any of the numerous evergreen coniferous trees and shrubs of north temperate regions constituting the genus Pinus (family Pinaceae), having long needle-like leaves in clusters of usually two, three, or five on the side shoots, many of which furnish valuable wood, turpentine, tar, etc., and several of which have edible seeds. Formerly also: any of certain other trees of the family Pinaceae. †tree of (a) pine: = pine tree n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > pines and allies pine treeeOE pineOE pine-nut treec1330 pineapplec1390 pineapple treea1398 mountain pine1597 pine1597 mountain pine1601 frankincense1611 rosin flower?1611 black pine1683 Scotch pine1706 yellow pine1709 Jersey pine1743 loblolly pine1760 mugoa1768 Scots pine1774 Scotch fir1777 arrow plant1779 scrub pine1791 Georgia pine1796 old field pine1797 tamarack1805 grey pine1810 pond pine1810 New Jersey pine1818 loblolly1819 Corsican pine1824 celery-top pine1827 toatoa1831 heavy-wooded pine1836 nut pine1845 celery pine1851 celery-topped pine1851 sugar-pine1853 western white pine1857 Jeffrey1858 Korean pine1858 lodge-pole pine1859 jack pine1863 whitebark pine1864 twisted pine1866 Monterey pine1868 tanekaha1875 chir1882 slash-pine1882 celery-leaved pine1883 knee-pine1884 knobcone pine1884 matsu1884 meadow pine1884 Alaska pine1890 limber pine1901 bristlecone pine1908 o-matsu1916 insignis1920 radiata1953 OE Glosses to Excerptiones de Prisciano in N. R. Ker Catal. MSS containing Anglo-Saxon (1957) 442 Pinus : pin. a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 32 (MED) He is papeiai in pyn þat beteþ me my bale. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 1010 In the wode of Nonarcigne, Enclosed with the tres of Pigne. a1425 (?c1350) Northern Passion (Harl. 4196) l. 307* (MED) Of þam sall thre wandes spring..Þe first of cyder..Þe secund sal be of cypres, And þe thrid of pine sal be. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 357 b/1 Ther was a tree of a pyn which was dedyed to the deuylle. 1532 (?a1400) Romaunt Rose 1457 (MED) I rested me..under a tree, Which tree in Fraunce men cal a pyn. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. ii. 38 He [sc. the sun] fires the proud tops of the easterne pines . View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 292 His Spear, to equal which the tallest Pine Hewn on Norwegian hills,..were but a wand. View more context for this quotation 1704 Dict. Rusticum (at cited word) The Picea is another sort of Pine, and to be cultivated in the same Manner: It affects cold Grounds. 1771 J. Robertson Jrnl. 10 June in D. M. Henderson & J. H. Dickson Naturalist in Highlands (1994) vi. 159 I discovered some pines which I am pretty confident were Spruce-Fir. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. iv. 97 Mountains covered..nearly to their summits with forests of gloomy pine. 1860 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters V. 82 Let the pine find only a ledge of vertical precipice to cling to, it ill nevertheless grow straight. 1898 H. S. Canfield Maid of Frontier 119 He could see the bare old church amid the sweet-smelling pines. 1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xli. 616 Oil of turpentine is obtained by distilling turpentine, the resin of pines, with steam. 1958 J. Barth End of Road v. 65 The little creek was fairly clean and entirely private, shaded by the pines. 2001 N.Y. Mag. 26 Nov. 146/2 Top off a visit to the Botanical Garden with a walking lecture at the ‘pinetum’—an extensive collection of firs, pine, and spruces. †b. In plural and singular. The edible seeds obtained from the cones of any of various pines, esp. the stone pine, Pinus pinea. Also: the cone itself. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > pine-seeds pine nuteOE pines1327 pineapple kernela1398 pineapple seed?1440 pignon1526 neoza1832 pinyon1846 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > other edible seeds > pine-seeds pine nuteOE pines1327 pineapple kernela1398 pineapple seed?1440 pignon1526 pineapple1560 pinyon1577 pine kernel1598 neoza1832 piñon1834 pignoli1841 cembra nut1842 pinyon1846 cedar-nut1863 pignolia1891 Indian nut1922 pit1947 1327 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 68 (MED) [2262 lbs. of almonds, 105 lbs. of] pynes. 1340 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 37 (MED) Maces, pynes, et galanga. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 15 Þe fourme of þe hert forsoþ is to þe maner of a pyne [?c1425 Paris pyne appel; L. pinee] inversate. a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 15 Mynced Datys, Pynys and Roysonys of Corauns. a1500 in Englische Studien (1885) 8 281 A busshell of clene barly for tysayne, with half a busshell of orgeate and pyne. 1582 Rates Custome House (new ed.) sig. Dvij Pine the pound vj.d. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva 53 Some advise us to break the shells of Pines to facilitate their delivery, and I have essay'd it; but to my loss. 1768 E. Lloyd Powers of Pen (ed. 2) 41 Farewell ye Palate-pleasing Cates! Ye Conserves! Sweetmeats! Pines and Dates! 1786 P. Beckford Lett. & Observ. 97 Eatables, such as raisins, walnuts, locusts, eggs, barley, figs, pines, lentils, pears, dates, beans, wheat. c. The wood of any of these trees, esp. that of the Weymouth or white pine, Pinus strobus. Also with distinguishing word: a particular kind of such wood. Cf. pinewood n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > pine pine?a1450 pinewood1601 ?a1450 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (BL Add. 12056) (1894) 118 Ȝif þe hed be smyten with a lyȝt dreyȝe staff, as of salwe oþere ellys pyne [a1400 Ashm. pinee]. a1500 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Wellcome) f. 22 (MED) Smyte a light stafe on his hede þat is dry of withy or of pyn. 1638 C. Aleyn Hist. Henrie VII 141 Then Hymen, president of marriage Rites, Beckned for silence with his Torch of Pine. 1694 S. Cobb Pindarique Ode 5 (side note) Ships made of Pine. 1763 in H. M. Brooks Gleanings (1886) IV. 35 A number of Window Sashes..made of the best of Pine. 1823 J. F. Cooper Pioneers II. ii. 22 A little bridge, formed of round logs laid loosely on sleepers of pine. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 891 Pine, a general name for various kinds of timber obtained from coniferous trees; also applied especially to that of Pinus Strobus. Baltic, Riga, Norway, Red, or Memel Pine is the timber of Pinus sylvestris as grown in the north of Europe. 1947 J. C. Rich Materials & Methods Sculpt. x. 294 Soft pine is a pale, yellowish-white, clean and easily worked, but not very strong wood. 1988 Observer 8 May (Colour Suppl.) 28/2 (advt.) Traditional, solid woods such as oak, cherry, pine and mahogany. d. With distinguishing word: a particular tree or shrub of the genus Pinus.Corsican, lodge-pole, maritime, ponderosa, red, Weymouth pine, etc.: see the first element. See also mountain pine n., pitch pine n., stone-pine n., etc. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > pines and allies pine treeeOE pineOE pine-nut treec1330 pineapplec1390 pineapple treea1398 mountain pine1597 pine1597 mountain pine1601 frankincense1611 rosin flower?1611 black pine1683 Scotch pine1706 yellow pine1709 Jersey pine1743 loblolly pine1760 mugoa1768 Scots pine1774 Scotch fir1777 arrow plant1779 scrub pine1791 Georgia pine1796 old field pine1797 tamarack1805 grey pine1810 pond pine1810 New Jersey pine1818 loblolly1819 Corsican pine1824 celery-top pine1827 toatoa1831 heavy-wooded pine1836 nut pine1845 celery pine1851 celery-topped pine1851 sugar-pine1853 western white pine1857 Jeffrey1858 Korean pine1858 lodge-pole pine1859 jack pine1863 whitebark pine1864 twisted pine1866 Monterey pine1868 tanekaha1875 chir1882 slash-pine1882 celery-leaved pine1883 knee-pine1884 knobcone pine1884 matsu1884 meadow pine1884 Alaska pine1890 limber pine1901 bristlecone pine1908 o-matsu1916 insignis1920 radiata1953 1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. xxxix. 1178 The fruit or apple of the wilde mountaine Pine is shorter, and that of the Sea Pine longer. 1676 in Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. (1920) LVI. 306 4¾ acres of land..bounded by a pitch pine. 1731 M. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina I. p. xxii/1 The Swamp-Pine grows on barren wet Land. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxviii. 445 The Cembra Pine has five leaves in a sheath. 1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory ii. 291 The Wild Pine, or Scotch Fir. 1848 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. 439 P[inus] inops, Ait. (Jersey or Scrub Pine.)..Barrens and sterile hills, New Jersey and southward. 1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands iv. xxi. 496 The Weymouth pine, the stone pine,..and the larch, are all occasionally seen. 1923 W. Dallimore & A. B. Jackson Handbk. Coniferæ 437 Pinus ponderosa, Douglas. Western Yellow Pine... Big Pine; Bull Pine; Heavy Pine; Heavy-wooded Pine. 1995 Times 27 Mar. 20/2 The Scots pine is the only native British pine tree, but millions of Austrian and Corsican pines have been planted here. 2. With distinguishing word: any of certain low-growing non-coniferous plants said to resemble pines in their shape, foliage, or smell; esp. a clubmoss (genus Lycopodium).moonfruit, prince's pine, etc.: see the first element. See also ground-pine n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] > club-moss or moss-like ferns dwarf cypress1548 heath-cypress1551 pine1551 wolf's-claw1578 club-moss1597 wolf-claw1597 wolf's-foot1597 tree-moss1611 Selagoa1627 cypress-moss1640 mountain moss1688 lycopodium1706 stag's horn (also staghorn) moss1741 walking fern1814 tod-tails1820 Robin Hood's hatband1828 resurrection plant1841 ground-pine1847 forks and knives1853 fir club-moss1855 lycopod1861 Selaginella1865 foxtail1866 stag-head or stag's head moss1869 fir-moss1879 hog-bed1900 1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. I vj ^v Grounde pyne, the leaues dronken seuen dayes in wyne hele the Iaundes. 1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden cccxviii. 591 The Common Ground-pine groweth low, seldome rising to be above the height of an hand-breadth. 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 323 Stinking Ground Pine, Camphorosma. 1762 W. Hudson Flora Anglica 470 Fucus..incurvus.., black Fucus, or Sea Pine. 1818 A. Eaton Man. Bot. (ed. 2) ii. 203 Chimaphila..umbellata..prince's pine, bitter wintergreen. 1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 9 The ground-pine curled its pretty wreath, Running over the club-moss burrs. 1956 B. Cobb Field Guide to Ferns (1963) 230 Ground cedar (Ground pine). Species: Lycopodium tristachyum... Small, upright; grows like tiny evergreen trees topped by thin-stemmed candelabra of cones. 1999 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 23 Dec. f2/5 We could find trailing pine (fan-shaped branches on a runner) and princess pine (which resembles three-inch evergreen seedlings) in the woods each winter. 3. a. A pineapple, the edible fruit of the plant Ananas comosus; cf. pina n. 1a. Also: the pineapple plant itself. Now chiefly Caribbean and Hawaii.king, queen pine: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pineapple > [noun] pine1587 pineapple1624 king pine1657 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit > pineapple pina1572 pine1587 ananas1613 pineapple1624 king pine1657 crown1683 1587 J. White in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) iii. 765 The Gouernour determined to go a land in S. Germans ‘Baye, to gather yong plants of Oranges, Pines, Mameas, and Platonos, to set at Virginia’. 1589 J. Sparke in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 530 They [sc. the Indians] brought downe to vs which we bought for beades..and other trifles, Hennes, Potatoes and pines. 1657 Bk. of Continuation of Forreign Passages 46 Fruits..Pyne, the best that ever was eat, in season almost all the year long. a1706 J. Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) I. 29 The royal pine—a compendium of all that is delicious to the taste and smell. 1764 Museum Rusticum iii. xxxi. 142 It will produce about one hundred and fifty pines a year. 1833 Penny Cycl. I. 490/1 In the island of Penang..there is a sort [of pine-apple] all the flowers of which always change into branches, each of which bears a pine..; specimens of this sort are called double pines. 1880 C. Ives Isles of Summer 104 The pines ceased bearing. 1920 ‘K. Mansfield’ Bliss 35 He bought a pineapple... The oysters and the pine he stowed away..under the front seat. 1959 D. Hewett Bobbin Up (1961) vi. 68 We'll have a salad and a pine for after. 1991 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 7 Dec. e1 Nobody wants to pick ‘pines’ anymore. The hotels will keep the young people from going to Honolulu. b. With distinguishing word: any of several plants related to the pineapple plant, or having foliage or fruit that resembles that of the pineapple.screw-pine, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > names applied to various types Indian plum1636 bread tree1640 pear tree1696 pine1696 wild mango1813 1696 H. Sloane Catal. Plantarum in Jamaica 77 Wild Pine. Ubique in sylvis, truncis & ramis arborum..innascitur. 1836 W. Buckland Geol. & Mineral. I. xviii. 503 The Pandaneæ, or Screw-Pines..abound in the Indian Archipelago... Their aspect is that of gigantic Pine apple plants having arborescent stems. 1982 C. R. Bell & B. J. Taylor Florida Wild Flowers 46/1 Wild Pine, Tillandsia setacea Swartz. The tufts of slender leaves of these Bromeliads are 1–3 dm long and even when not in bloom form colorful clumps on tree trunks and larger branches. c. In full pine strawberry. The pineapple strawberry; = pineapple n. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > strawberry > types of capron1693 hautboy1731 pine strawberry1754 Alpine1771 scarlet strawberry1786 sow-tit1788 Royal Sovereign1795 pineapple strawberry1796 scarlet1815 1754 J. Justice Scots Gardiners Director 138 Plant the Virginian Kind fourteen Inches square, the Hautboy's two Feet, and the Pine Strawberry at near the same Distance. 1817 Trans. Hort. Soc. London 2 395 In planting the beds of Pines, I keep the rows two feet apart. 1842 Penny Cycl. XXIII. 112/1 Large-flowered strawberry (Fragaria grandiflora)..has furnished our gardens with the sorts called pine strawberries. 1890 Cent. Dict. at Strawberry Pine-strawberry, a variety of the Chili strawberry,..so called from its pineapple flavor. Also Ananas strawberry... (Eng.). 1969 S. G. Harrison et al. Oxf. Bk. Food Plants 74/1 The first species to be introduced into Europe soon after 1600 was F. virginiana... More than a century later the West Coast Pine Strawberry (F. chiloensis) was introduced. 4. a. Australian and New Zealand. Any of various coniferous Australasian trees of families other than the Pinaceae; esp. the Norfolk Island pine, Araucaria heterophylla, the kauri, Agathis australis, the cypress pines, Callitris species, and the Huon pine, Dacrydium franklinii.Recorded earliest in pine-tree. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > Australasian trees > [noun] > evergreens pine1788 angophora1804 ohia1815 pate1832 pohutukawa1832 Moreton Bay chestnut1836 Olearia1839 horopito1847 ramarama1848 matipo1853 white pine1856 musk tree1866 manoao1867 patete1867 puka1867 rangiora1867 tawhiri1872 tarata1876 lemon-wood1879 Otago ivy-tree1883 horizontal1888 lehua1888 inanga1889 mountain pine1889 puka1889 Queensland kauri1889 sheep-bush1889 wilga1889 mutton-bird tree1891 tree-daisy1926 1788 in Hist. Rec. Austral. (1914) 1st Ser. I. 21 The pine-trees [on Norfolk Island] rise fifty and sixty feet before they shoot out any branches. 1805 J. H. Tuckey Acct. Voy. Establish Colony Port Philip 161 Timber trees are very thinly scattered... They are..box, and a kind of pine. 1815 S. Marsden Lett. & Jrnls. (1932) Our way lay through a wood composed of various kinds of timber together with the noble pine. 1837 J. Backhouse Extracts from Lett. (1839) V. 17 Among the trees is one called here pine, belonging to the genus callitris, of pyramidal figure, and distinct from any we have before met with. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Squatter's Dream 32 A sand-ridge picturesquely wooded with pine (callitris). 1901 Axeman's Jrnl. (Ulverstone) Oct. 77/1 A sore grievance with our hardy piners, now that the pine forests are becoming thinned of big timber. 1938 C. T. White Princ. Bot. Queensland Farmers 142 The inner bark contains an oleo-resin which..exudes in tears, the resin being variously known as ‘Pine Resin’, ‘Cypress Pine Resin’, [etc.]. 1996 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 26 Sept. 5 It is a fast growing soft wood of the same family of pines as the Norfolk and Kauri. b. With distinguishing word: any of various coniferous trees of families other than the Pinaceae, esp. those native to Australasia (see sense 4a); the wood of any of these trees.celery-top, Chile, cypress, Moreton Bay, red, rimu-pine, etc.: see the first element. See also Huon pine n., Norfolk Island pine n., Oyster Bay pine n., etc. ΚΠ 1803 A. B. Lambert Descr. Genus Pinus I. 87 Norfolk Island Pine... This tree..is the tallest at present known. 1827 in J. Bischoff Van Diemen's Land (1832) 180 The Green Forest..comprises myrtle, sassafras, celery-top pine. 1852 G. C. Mundy Our Antipodes II. vi. 143 A forest of the Kauri pine, the pride of the New Zealand Sylva. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 382 D[ammara] orientalis, the Amboyna Pine, is a tree of the Moluccas, 100 feet high. 1880 R. Rose Vic. Guide 11 The Murray pine is a handsomely marked useful wood. 1940 E. Step Wayside & Woodland Trees 176 The Chile Pine, or ‘Monkey Puzzle’ is a familiar sight on suburban lawns. 1974 N. Cato Brown Sugar 51 At first wool was exported—then the valuable native timbers: red cedar, swamp mahogany, blackbutt and cypress pine. 2002 Canberra Times (Nexis) 26 Dec. a15 Australia is not rich in native gymnosperms, but we are lucky enough to have the kauri, hoop and Bunya pines, as well as cycads and Callitris, a type of cypress pine. II. Extended uses. †5. Chiefly poetic. Something made of pinewood, as a ship, mast, or torch. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun] shipc725 beamOE boardOE bargea1300 steera1300 vessela1300 treea1382 loomc1400 man1473 ark1477 bottom1490 keela1547 riverboat1565 craft1578 pine1592 class1596 flood-bickerer1599 pitchboard1599 stern-bearer1599 wooden horse1599 wooden isle1603 water treader?1615 water house1616 watercraft1618 machine1637 prore1642 lightman1666 embarkation1690 bark1756 prowa1771 Mudian1813 bastiment1823 hooker1823 nymph1876 M.F.V.1948 the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > torch > [noun] > wooden brandc1385 tede1562 pine1592 candle-wood1634 pine knot1662 splinter1751 pitch knot1792 split1892 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > spar > [noun] > mast masteOE pole?c1450 shipmast1495 mast-pole1601 pine1769 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. M3^v, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) Synecdoche..as to say, the loftie Pyne did scowre the seas, for the ship made of the Pine tree. 1640 H. Glapthorne Ladies Priviledge iv. sig. Giv^v Hymen light thy Pine. a1645 W. Browne Circe & Ulysses (1954) i. 7 Steere hither, steere, your winged Pines, All beaten Mariners. a1704 T. Brown On Duke of Ormond's Recovery in Wks. (1707) I. i. 74 E'er..floating Pines were steer'd by daring Man. 1769 W. Falconer Shipwreck (ed. 3) ii. 96 Fast by the fated pine bold Rodmond stands. †6. A figure of a pineapple or a pine cone. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] > fruit pomegranatea1382 pineapple1448 strawberry1523 fruitage1600 pine1790 1790 W. Wrighte Grotesque Archit. 13 On the top is a pine, which should be double gilt. †7. A liqueur made from the pineapple fruit. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > liqueur > [noun] > kinds of rosa solis1564 rose wine1603 rose of solace1604 ros solis1607 ratafia1670 brandy-cherrya1687 cherry-brandy1686 kernel-water1706 cherry cordial1710 visney1733 walnut-water1747 aniseed1749 maraschino1770 noyau1787 rosolio1796 cherry-bounce1798 absinthe1803 Parfait Amour1805 curaçao1813 ginger cordial1813 citronelle1818 pine1818 crèmea1821 alkermes1825 Goldwasser1826 citronella1834 anisette1837 goldwater1849 crème de cassis1851 Van der Hum1861 chocolate liqueur1864 kümmel1864 chartreuse1866 pimento dram1867 Trappistine1877 green muse1878 rock and rye1878 Benedictine1882 liqueur brandy1882 mandarin1882 green1889 Drambuie1893 advocaat1895 Grand Marnier1900 green fairy1902 green peril1905 cassis1907 Strega1910 quetsch1916 cointreau1920 anis1926 Izarra1926 Southern Comfort1934 amaro1945 Tia Maria1948 amaretto1969 Sabra1970 sambuca1971 Midori1978 limoncello1993 1818 Sporting Mag. 2 285 Three glasses of pine and one of Curaçoa. 8. In a team sport: the substitutes' bench. Usually in phrases such as to sit on (also ride, warm, etc.) the pine: to be a substitute. ΚΠ 1936 Port Arthur (Texas) News 20 Feb. 12/1 While his players are riding the pine complaining of charley horses, kicking about the heat,..Terry is out there on the job. 1977 Burlington (N. Carolina) Times-News 20 July 1 c Our heavy artillery was on the pine... Look at Jim Rice. He's second to me in home runs but he was sitting on the pine. Craig Nettles has 20 home runs and he was on the pine. 1992 Sports Illustr. 9 Nov. 100/2 They were a good team without him last season, when they won 15 of their last 16 games, all with Bird, and his bad back, on the pine. 1997 Ice Hockey News Rev. 22 Feb. 7/1 From being an integral part of the Straubing Tigers on-ice contingent to riding the pine was not Paddy Scott's idea of a good way to spend the rest of the season. 2004 Sunday Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 29 Aug. 56 The prearranged rotations also mean that when the game is up for grabs the best players are often warming the pine. 9. The aroma of pine needles. Cf. Compounds 1. ΚΠ 1968 A. Diment Bang Bang Birds vi. 88 The perfume in the room had changed from pine to something sexier. 1977 J. Cheever Falconer 192 He noticed how heavily perfumed was the overheated air... Pine drifted out of the toilets..blatantly artificial. Compounds C1. a. (In sense 1.) pine bark n. ΚΠ 1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 177 They make use of pine bark. 1835 W. G. Simms Yemassee II. xviii. 150 It was a rude frame of poles, covered with pine bark. 2001 Hort. Weekly 26 July 13/1 We've been growing plants in peat-free for 12 years. We now use a mix of coir and pine bark. pine board n. ΚΠ 1637 in D. G. Hill Dedham (Mass.) Rec. (1892) III. 39 To alowe for saweing Pyne board 5s. 1728 in N. Bouton Provinc. Papers New Hampsh. (1914) II. 344 Eight thousand feet of good and merchantable pine boards every year. 1870 De B. R. Keim Sheridan's Troopers xix. 125 A neat coffin had been made of pine boards. 1992 Canad. Geographic Mar. 32 Stone and pine-board houses in the purest ‘Québécois’ tradition still stand. pine bough n. ΚΠ 1592 A. Fraunce 3rd Pt. Countesse of Pembrokes Yuychurch f. 52 Pan with pine-boughes on his horns. 1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus Daphnis & Chloe 29 She crowned her head with pine-boughes. 1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound iv. i. 124 The pine boughs are singing Old songs with new gladness. 1992 C. P. Estés Women who run with Wolves vii. 210 They laud the young male deer-dancers who danced with pine boughs bound to their arms and legs. pine branch n. ΚΠ 1611 Bible (King James) Neh. viii. 15 Pine branches, and Myrtle branches. View more context for this quotation 1761 tr. P. de Charlevoix Jrnl. Voy. N.-Amer. I. vii. 183 They [sc. bears] make themselves a den.., the entry of which they stop with pine branches. 1859 G. Meredith Ordeal Richard Feverel II. iv. 47 The night-jar spinning on the pine-branch. 1994 Lewiscraft CraftLines Nov. 10/5 Try a basket filled with pine branches and pine cones. pine bud n. ΚΠ 1767 J. Penrose Lett. from Bath (1983) 168 I am drinking Pine-Bud Tea; and so far I like it very well. 1911 J. Muir My First Summer in Sierra 237 I would live forever on pine buds, however full of turpentine and pitch, for the sake of this grand independence. 1992 R. Anaya Albuquerque xv. 170 Pine buds filled the fresh air with their fragrance. pine fire n. ΚΠ 1828 F. D. Hemans Sicilian Captive in Rec. Woman 174 A deep flush pass'd, like a crimson haze, O'er her marble cheek by the pine-fire's blaze. 2003 State (Columbia, S. Carolina) (Nexis) 7 May d0 Lapsang Souchong, a rich black tea from China that is smoked over pine fires during processing. pine forest n. ΚΠ 1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 100 It appeared like a desart, to a great extent, and terminated, on the land side, by frightful thickets, and open Pine forests. 1822 P. B. Shelley To Jane 1 We wandered to the Pine Forest. 1978 ‘D. Kyle’ Black Camelot xviii. 273 Sheltering in the Bavarian pine forests. pine garland n. ΚΠ 1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus Daphnis & Chloe 92 They crowned him [sc. a goat] with pine-garlands. 1877 Globe Encycl. Universal Information III. 530/2 Victors [sc. at the Isthmian Games] were crowned with a simple pine-garland. 2002 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 22 Dec. 11/1 A decorated Christmas tree in the lounge and pine garlands looped across chandeliers in the main timbered dining room. pine glade n. ΚΠ 1823 Florida Hist. Q. 14 94 A good road..can be effected..by ditching and throwing up the road through the low pine glades and cypress ponds. 2003 Guardian (Nexis) 22 Mar. 16 Narrow steeps, opening into wide, perfectly-pitched bowls before dropping into pine glades that fill the air with their scent. pine grove n. ΚΠ 1782 J. Scott Poet. Wks. 221 To view the pine-grove on the hill. 1882 Ballou's Monthly Mag. July 28/1 There were drives and boating, long walks to the Hulah Falls, with dinner in the pine-grove. 1992 Enroute (Air Canada) Aug. 58/1 The second is the inner-city nature retreat, where there's a garden or pine grove cradling the perfect alfresco table. pine hill n. ΚΠ a1652 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1881) VI. 16 The land running northward upon a straite line untill it cometh to range even with north side of the shop..and foure accres more or lesse upon pine hill south. 1773 J. McAfee Jrnl. in N. M. Woods Woods-McAfee Memorial (1905) 436/1 We..crossed Cantucky river within 8 miles of pine hills and broken mountains. 1981 Jrnl. Southern Hist. 47 517 The cotton counties..had a slightly lower smothering death rate than the pine hills. pine log n. ΚΠ 1694 B. Wadsworth in Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. (1852) 4th Ser. I. 105 Ye town is incompass'd with a fortification, consisting of pine-logs. 1747 Colonial Rec. Georgia VI. 199 Two hundred..acres of land at a place called Pine Logg Bluff. 1853 J. M. Neale in Oxf. Bk. Carols (1928) 271 Bring me flesh, and bring me wine, Bring me pine-logs hither. 1902 S. E. White Blazed Trail xxxvii. 266 The instant necessity was to get thirty millions of pine logs down the river. 2002 Orlando (Florida) Sentinel (Nexis) 9 June k10 Settlers often erected crude palmetto huts for easy, fast shelter..while they were building a sturdy cabin out of pine logs. pine plain n. ΚΠ 1665 in H. S. Nourse Early Rec. Lancaster, Mass. (1884) 79 A slipe of medow ground Runing through the most part of a great pine plaine. 1779 in Proc. Mass. Hist. Soc. (1886) 2nd Ser. 2 464 [We] encampt on a pine plain by the side of a Large flatt. a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1821) II. 158 The lands..are either pine-plains, or intervals. 2001 Nature Conservancy May 38/1 Historically the pine plains burned as often as every five years. pine plantation n. ΚΠ 1775 G. White Let. 9 Mar. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 108 The pine-plantations of that nobleman are very grand. 1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd I. iv. 50 Oak sighed a deep honest sigh—none the less so in that, being like the sigh of a pine plantation, it was rather noticeable as a disturbance of the atmosphere. 1999 Amer. Midland Naturalist 142 224 57% of the pine forest in the region during the 1980s was planted pine plantations. pine post n. ΚΠ 1808 Massachusetts Spy 9 Nov. A pine post, fat with pitch, had taken fire. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 185 The unbarked pine-posts of the rude verandah. 1997 Calgary (Alberta) Herald (Nexis) 20 Feb. f6 Raw pine posts and wooden exteriors hint at the aesthetic potential for the entire project. pine resin n. ΚΠ 1726 Quincy's Pharmacopœia Officinalis (ed. 6) 500 Take..Pine Tree Resin.] 1733 J. Alleyne New Eng. Dispensatory xi. vii. 345/2 To the strained liquor add..Pine resin and Turpentine. 1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts, Manuf., & Mines 304 Heated for some time at a slight temperature, it changes these properties for those of pine resin. 1909 Times 18 Jan. 6/1 In a few of the more primitive dwellings,..pine resin was still the only source of artificial light. 1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 23/1 The air [is] tangy with the scent of pine resin and juniper. pine-shipping n. ΚΠ 1885 A. Brassey In Trades 344 The pine-shipping season is..a period of great activity in the Bahamas. 2002 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 2 June t1 A century ago, Menominee..was one of the largest pine-shipping ports in the world. pine shoot n. ΚΠ 1842 Chambers's Information for People (new ed.) I. 479/1 Capercailzie..is the largest of the true poultry... It particularly feeds on pine shoots. 1936 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 23 419/2 In the series of 14 pine shoots the situation is essentially the same. 1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 242/2 Pine shoots can add a resinous flavour to cooking oil and vinegars. pine splint n. ΚΠ 1849 in R. Southey Common-place Bk. 2nd Ser. 660/1 (heading) Candles made of the Pine-splints. 1874 Overland Monthly Jan. 49/1 She reached out her hand to throw upon [the embers]..some fresh pine splints. 1994 Guardian (Nexis) 10 Dec. (Weekend Suppl.) 36 Diamond manufactured the first continuous process match-making machine, which could cut and dip nearly 600,000 pine splints in an hour. pine stem n. ΚΠ 1828 F. D. Hemans Edith in Records of Woman (ed. 2) 71 Now pour'd the moonlight down, Veining the pine-stems thro' the foliage brown. 1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 585 Retene occurs in thin unctuous scales on fossil pine-stems in beds of peat. 1997 Amer. Midland Naturalist 138 90 The age of sand pine stems at 30-cm height..differed significantly among the three stands. pine stump n. ΚΠ 1659 in Watertown (Mass.) Rec. (1894) I. i. 65 Abram Brownes Land..begins ten rod from Rich. Bloyse his lott, & soe apon a straite line to a pine stump. 1816 Niles' Reg. 9 Suppl. 178/1 Many a farmer who heretofore dreaded the pine stump..now swings his undisturbed scythe. 1992 Amer. Hist. Illustr. Feb. 44/1 Harriet..wrote happy descriptions of her roomy cabin and pine-stump furniture in remote Sierra County. pine thicket n. ΚΠ 1788 T. Jefferson Jrnl. 15 Apr. in Papers (1956) XIII. 25 The soil loses much in it's quality, becoming sandy and lean, often barren and overgrown with pine thicket. 1888 J. C. Harris Free Joe 12 Major Frampton sauntered into a convenient pine thicket, and blew out his brains. 1995 C. D. Short Shining Shining Path x. 162 He looked beyond the clearing at the graveled streets of shotgun houses radiating out through the distant pine thickets. pine timber n. ΚΠ 1671 in South Carolina Hist. Soc. Coll. (1897) 5 298 I have..dispatched the Carolina laden with Pine timber. 1842 P. J. Selby Brit. Forest Trees 410 The durability of Pine timber..is considered to be scarcely inferior to that of the oak. 1990 Gifts Internat. Nov. 35/1 Top of the current range is an antique-style rocking horse made from reclaimed pine timbers. pine tract n. ΚΠ 1821 W. Darby Mem. on Geog. & Nat. & Civil Hist. Florida 10 [Hammock land] forms in most instances an interval between the pine tracts and the marshes or savannahs. 1929 Ecology 10 480 Such pine tracts..exhibit the nature and structure of the pine climax as it has existed since the glacial epochs. 1998 Orlando (Florida) Sentinel (Nexis) 9 July d1 The damage is evident from the 60-foot-tall charred trees and ashen piles where the pine tracts once stood. b. (In sense 4.) pine frame n. ΚΠ 1734 S.-Carolina Gaz. 23 Feb. 4/2 To be Sold by John Lining in Broad-street... A Pine Frame of a Dutch roof'd house, Four rooms on a floor, and ready to raise. 1892 W. W. Greener Breech-loader 181 Cases in which best leather is sewn to pine frames,..do well to carry guns in. pine-plant n. ΚΠ 1766 Compl. Farmer at Pine-apple Generally..pine plants..brought from the West-Indies, have a white insect adhering to them. 1993 New Phytologist 124 232/2 Pineplants infected with Paxillus involutus were transferred to the observation chambers. c. pine-bearing adj. ΚΠ a1593 C. Marlowe Hero & Leander (1598) i. sig. B Gallop amaine, From steepe Pine-bearing mountains to the plaine. c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas ii. in Wks. (1898) I. 475 Aged Atlas, whose pyn-bearing browes..Nor haile..nor wind..eschewes. 1864 R. W. Dixon Concealment in Hist. Odes & Other Poems 125 From the pine-bearing height on which he dwelt He took his way. 1993 Ann. Missouris Bot. Garden 80 488/1 Some of the pine-bearing deposits were associated with areas of volcanism and mountain-building. pine-bordered adj. ΚΠ 1877 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer xxii, in Austral. Town & Country Jrnl. (Sydney) 3 Feb. 182/3 Vast plains and pine-bordered sand hills. 1941 B. Miller Farewell Leicester Square xiv. 244 They passed through Filipstad, with its wooden houses,..and began to climb a pine-bordered road. 2003 Orlando (Florida) Sentinel (Nexis) 27 July l1 The alpine run through pine-bordered roads quickened my arrival. pine-built adj. ΚΠ 1808 W. Scott Marmion vi. Introd. 299 His low and pine-built hall. 1977 D. MacKenzie Raven & Kamikaze xiii. 174 The pine-built summer-house on the edge of the forest. 2003 Mirror (Nexis) 14 Aug. 36 In Finland..it is normal to roll in the snow after emerging from your steamy pine-built hideaway. pine-capped adj. ΚΠ 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 117 Onward you pass, the pine-capt hills divide, Or feed the golden harvests on their side. 1899 Catholic World June 367 The pine-capped hills invite to long walks in alternating sun and shade. 1997 Denver Post (Nexis) 18 May 12 On top of Mount Graham, a pine-capped oasis 7,000 feet above the desert floor. pine-clad adj. ΚΠ 1786 R. P. Jodrell Persian Heroine ii. ix. 23 His pine-clad head Old Athos bow'd. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xii. 90 At the other side was the pine-clad slope. 1996 Sunday Tel. 4 Feb. (Mag.) 32/1 (advt.) The vast lakes of Ladoga and Onega with their pine clad shores and peppering of islands. pine-covered adj. ΚΠ 1799 S. T. Coleridge Let. 19 May (1956) I. 514 We passed..thro' a pine-covered Country. 1884 G. A. Townsend in Cent. Mag. Apr. 824 Pine-covered hills. 1991 S. Winchester Pacific (1992) 327 The lesser figures go sailing on Puget Sound.., or eat soft-shell crabs on a pine-covered island. pine-creeping adj. ΚΠ 1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. III. 148 Pine Warbler. Dendroica vigorsi... Pine-creeping Warbler; Pine Creeper. 1946 L. A. Hausman Field Bk. Eastern Birds 524 Dendroica pinus pinus, Pine-creeping warbler, Pine Creeper... Seldom found in any but pine woods. pine-crested adj. ΚΠ 1850 J. Montgomery Poet. Wks. 242 Fallen in death on the pine-crested hill? 2002 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 21 Apr. 11/1 There were..strolls through the steep pine-crested woods that ring the town. pine-crowned adj. ΚΠ 1658 E. Waller & S. Godolphin tr. Virgil Passion of Dido for Æneas l. 255 Swift Mercury..at length sees Atlas top, Atlas which shrouds His pine-Crown'd head in Heaven. 1777 E. Ryves Poems 36 Up the pine-crown'd hill. 1908 J. Jackson tr. Virgil Eclogue x. 28 For him, as he lay beneath the desert cliff, pine-crowned Maenalus wept. 1997 San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 18 Sept. (Entertainment section) The pine-crowned hills of Julian will be alive with the sound of music this weekend. pine-dotted adj. ΚΠ 1826 W. H. Drummond Bruce's Invasion of Ireland iii. 50 Where Corrib her pine-dotted waters spreads wide. 1998 Mirror (Nexis) 31 Oct. 32 The beauty of the peaks, framed against a deep blue sky and the pine-dotted slopes sweeping down to the ski school. pine-encircled adj. ΚΠ a1822 P. B. Shelley From Vergil's Tenth Eclogue in Poet. Wks. (1904) 813 The pine-encircled mountain, Maenalus, The cold crags of Lycaeus, weep for him. 1866 J. E. Cooke Surry of Eagle's-nest lxx. 252 I..came in sight of the obscure mansion on the pine-encircled knoll. pine-fringed adj. ΚΠ 1853 Littell's Living Age 29 Oct. 258/1 From Russian steppe, from Persian sand, From pine-fringed Norway fiord. 1986 New Statesman 26 Sept. 35/1 Sliding between wife and mistress down the endless pine-fringed autobahnen, Ulrich watches Germany change and its youth. pine-grown adj. ΚΠ 1857 M. Arnold To Marguerite in Poems (ed. 3) 194 The pine-grown Latmian steep. 1942 B. Robertson Red Hills & Cotton i. 6 A long rise of fine cotton country between two lonely spurs of pine-grown granite. 1978 New Phytologist 80 456 The site..is a pine-grown boggy infill of a glacial channel..within the native pinewood. pine-panelled adj. ΚΠ 1924 Times 6 Nov. 10/4 A pine panelled room circa 1620. 1994 Minnesota Monthly June 96/1 Rustic pine-paneled cabins. pine-scented adj. ΚΠ 1867 Ladies' Repository Dec. 746/2 Pine-scented breezes Go mimicking anger. 1937 M. Sharp Nutmeg Tree iv. 51 A gust of sweet pine-scented air. 1998 New Scientist 3 Oct. 6/2 Alpha-pinene..is given off by wood and pine-scented products. pine-shaded adj. ΚΠ 1877 Atlantic Monthly Oct. 386/1 Here and there..would be tempting foot-paths, short pine-shaded cuts across the rocks. 1992 She (BNC) May 42 Many [villas] are part of beautifully groomed, pine-shaded complexes. C2. a. pine bark beetle n. any of several bark beetles of the genus Dendroctonus which bore under the bark of pine trees. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > member of jumping-beetle1817 pine bark beetle1840 pine beetle1857 1840 J. Loudon & M. Loudon tr. V. Köllar Treat. Insects iii. 363 The Scotch Pine Bark-Beetle. Hylesinus (Hylurgus) piniperda, Fabr. 1887 Nicholson's Dict. Gardening Pine Bark Beetles, numerous species of small beetles..live below the bark of Fir-trees and other Conifers. 1989 C. R. Wilson & W. Ferris Encycl. Southern Culture 342/1 The pine bark beetle is currently threatening the region's trees. † pine-beam n. [compare Middle Dutch pijnboom (Dutch pijnboom), Old High German pīnboum (Middle High German pineboum, pinboum)] Obsolete rare a pine tree. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxxiv. 292 Se halga..wolde aheawan ænne heahne pinbeam, se wæs ær gehalgod þam hæðenum godum. pine beauty n. a cryptically coloured noctuid moth, Panolis flammea, whose larvae are a pest of lodgepole pines. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Caradrinidae > trachea piniperda (pine-beauty) pine beauty1887 1887 Nicholson's Dict. Gardening at Pinus The Pine Beauty, Trachea piniperda. 1979 Nature 20 Sept. 182/2 Baker reported the early stages of a programme to monitor the pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea, a pest of lodgepole pine in Scotland. 1993 New Scientist 7 Aug. 47/2 One of his special interests is the pine beauty moth, which creates havoc wherever lodgepole pine is the only species planted. pine beetle n. any of various beetles that are pests of pine trees (usually with distinguishing word); esp. a pine bark beetle or (formerly) a pine chafer. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > member of jumping-beetle1817 pine bark beetle1840 pine beetle1857 1857 A. Fitch 4th Rep. Noxious & Other Insects N.Y. 747 White-Necked Pine-Beetle Dichelonycha albicollis... A small beetle half an inch long..and resembling the Rose bug. 1872 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 549/1 Pine-chafer, or Pine-beetle (Hylurgus piniperda)..is often very destructive to Scotch firs. 1972 L. A. Swan & C. S. Papp Common Insects N. Amer. 502 D[endroctonus] ponderosae..and D. monticolae, the Mountain Pine Beetle, are now considered to be one species. 1993 New Scientist 31 July 25/2 Electrochemical methods to synthesise..brevicomin, the sex attractant of the western pine beetle. pine bird's-nest n. U.S. rare = pinesap n. (a).Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1906 N.E.D. at Pine sb.² Pine bird's-nest = pine-sap. pine blight n. any of various diseases that affect the needles, twigs, or bark of pine trees, esp. one caused by deuteromycete fungi; (also) an organism that causes such a disease. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. Pine-blight, 1. An aphid, Chermes pinicorticis.., which blights the bark of the pine. 2. The floccular substance from this insect. 3. The blighting of the tree caused by this aphid. 1908 S. T. Dana Extent & Importance of White Pine Blight 4 The white pine blight first made its appearance four or five years ago, but attracted little attention until the summer of 1907. 1954 Sci. Monthly Dec. 382/1 The presence or absence of white pine blight (causal agent unknown) was recorded. 1968 F. G. Browne Pests & Dis. Forest Plantation Trees 766 Sclerophoma pityophila... Pine die-back... Pine leaf blight. North America and Europe. 1976 Jrnl. Gen. Microbiol. 95 268 Dothistromin, an anthraquinone derivative produced by the pine blight fungus Dothistroma..pini. pine blister n. either of two diseases of pine trees caused by rust fungi, or the fungi themselves: (a) (more fully pine blister rust) a disease caused by fungi of the genus Cronartium, characterized by yellowish swellings on the bark; cf. white pine blister rust n. at white pine n. and adj. Compounds 2; (b) a pine needle rust, caused by fungi of the genus Coleosporium (rare). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with trees heart rot1808 white rot1828 sap-rot1838 red rot1847 conk1851 soft rot1886 pine blister1889 silver-leaf1890 leaf shedding1891 pine rust1893 leaf cast1894 partridge-wood1894 larch blister1895 needle-cast1895 sooty mould1901 white pine blister rust1909 larch needle cast1921 coral-spot1923 ink disease1923 pocket rot1926 wood rot1926 Dutch elm disease1927 oak wilt1942 ash dieback1957 1889 H. M. Ward Timber & Dis. xii. 259 The fungus Peridermium Pini was regarded as a parasite of pines... The disease may be popularly denoted ‘Pine-blister’. 1907 W. R. Fisher Schlich's Man. Forestry (ed. 2) IV. 441 Scots pines infected with this disease, which is very common in the British Isles and called pine-blister, are termed foxy trees. 1999 D. Ingram & N. Robertson Plant Dis. ix. 195 A variation of the pattern demonstrated by the coffee disease is found in the pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola. pine bluff n. U.S. a bluff or steep cliff topped with pine trees. ΚΠ 1767 Bartram's Jrnl. 41 in W. Stork Acct. E. Florida (ed. 2) We rowed..by some oak and pine-bluffs. 1823 C. B. Vignoles Observ. upon Floridas 43 The occasional breaks of pine bluffs are rather advantageous than otherwise as presenting better scites for settlements. 1938 C. H. Matschat Suwannee River 219 They crossed a pine bluff. pine-borer n. any of various insect larvae, esp. those of longhorn beetles, which bore into the wood of pine trees. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Phytophaga or Chrysomeloidea > family Cerambycidae > miscellaneous others sawyer1789 wood-beetle1795 tickler1841 milkweed beetle1842 pine-borer1862 harlequin beetle1865 hickory girdler1869 1862 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1861: Agric. 614 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (37th Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 39) V The larvæ [sic] of this insect is evidently a pine-borer, for I have found it about saw-mills. 1977 Listener 20 Oct. 503/3 A specimen of the New Zealand pine-borer; Prinoplus reticularis. 2003 St. John's (Newfoundland) Telegram (Nexis) 10 May a11 You can find the piled sawdust leavings of the pine-borers, and..you can hear the gritch, gritch, gritch of their inching progress. pine box n. (a) a box made of pine; (b) figurative a coffin; cf. pine overcoat n. ΚΠ 1834 C. F. Hoffman Let. 1 Feb. in Winter in West (1835) I. 295 Our sleigh [was] a low clumsy pine box on a pair of ox-runners. 1846 Defiance (Ohio) Democrat 13 Aug. You can see that cart moving slowly at his heels; that cart in which crouches a grim figure, sitting on a pine box. 1890 N. P. Langford Vigilante Days II. xxv. 441 A company of twenty or more men approaching the station, bearing in their midst a long pine box. 1895 D. Belasco Heart of Maryland i. 181 Emotion's a very fine thing—but curb it, if you don't want to fill a pine box like that fellow you saw hanged at Middletown. 1926 E. E. Cummings Is 5 v. 64 Lift the poor cuss tenderly..and send him home to his old mother in a nice new pine box. 1993 Guardian (Nexis) 24 June 17 The only people we can't help are already in pine boxes. 1993–4 TLC for Plants Winter 51/3 (advt.) A rustic pine box..is a perfect foil for the delicate blossoms of paperwhite narcissus. pine-bud moth n. a small moth, Blastesthia turionella (family Tortricidae), whose larvae feed on pine buds. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Tortricidae > orthotaenia turionana (pine-bud moth) pine-bud moth1881 1881 E. A. Ormerod Man. Injurious Insects 220 The caterpillars of the Pine-bud Moth are injurious to the Scotch Fir, Silver Fir, and various species of Pine. 1996 Ecography 19 229 The abundance of needles mined by the pine bud moth Exoteleia dodecella..on Scots pine..had a significantly peaked response curve. pine bullfinch n. chiefly U.S. = pine grosbeak n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Pinicola pine grosbeak1772 pine finch1810 pine bullfinch1828 1828 C. L. Bonaparte Amer. Ornithol. III. 17 The female Pine Bullfinch is eight and a half inches long. 1946 L. A. Hausman Field Bk. Eastern Birds 579 Pine Bullfinch..a short, heavy, stout bird with a stout blackish bill. pine bunting n. a migrant bunting that breeds in northern Asia, Emberiza leucocephalos, the male of which has a bold head pattern of chestnut, white, and black. ΚΠ 1829 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom VII. 128 (heading) The Pine Bunting. (Emb. Pithyornis.) 1953 D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles I. 252 The pine bunting is a native of Russia and Siberia. 2001 Daily Post (Liverpool) (Nexis) 15 Dec. 15 In April a pine bunting, possibly the first to visit Wales, landed to rest and feed. pine carpet n. either of two geometrid moths, Thera obeliscata and T. firmata, whose larvae feed on pine needles. ΚΠ 1886 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. ii Pine-carpet. 1967 E. B. Ford Moths (ed. 2) x. 143 [Concealment] is..attained.., in..the Pine Carpet, Thera variata, by a reddish brown shade like a patch on a pine trunk where the outer bark has flaked away. 1987 Jrnl. Appl. Ecol. 24 39 The most important species of prey brought to camera nestboxes were grey pine carpet moth larvae (Thera obeliscata Hübn.), [etc.]. pine chafer n. any of several chafers that feed on pine needles as adults; esp. (a) U.S. the beetle Anomala oblivia of North America, which is a pest of conifers; (b) the large Polyphylla fullo of Eurasia, the male of which has very large antennal lamellae. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Lamellicornia Scarabaeoidea > family Scarabaeidae > member of genus Anomala pine chafer1872 1872 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 549/1 Pine-chafer, or Pine-beetle (Hylurgus piniperda)..is often very destructive to Scotch firs. 1972 L. A. Swan & C. S. Papp Common Insects N. Amer. 435 The Pine Chafer, A. oblivia, is very similar [to the Oriental Beetle]..; it infests red, jack, and Scotch pines. 1993 M. Chinery Insects Brit. & N. Europe (ed. 3) 149 Other important chafers include the brilliant green Rose Chafer..and the Pine Chafer (Polyphylla fullo). The latter reaches about 40mm in length. pine cloth n. rare = pineapple cloth n. at pineapple n. Compounds 2.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1906 N.E.D. at Pine sb.² Pine cloth. pine creeper n. U.S. (now rare) = pine warbler n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Parulidae (wood warbler) > [noun] > genus Dendroica > dendroica pinus (pine-warbler) pine creeper1731 pine-creeping warbler1811 pine warbler1831 1731 M. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina I. iv. Pl. 61 The Pine-creeper... They creep about Trees; particularly Pine- and Fir-Trees; from which they peck Insects. 1902 S. E. White Blazed Trail xlii. 296 Wilson's warblers..pine creepers, black-throats..passed silently or noisily. 1946 L. A. Hausman Field Bk. Eastern Birds 524 Dendroica pinus pinus, Pine-creeping warbler, Pine Creeper... Seldom found in any but pine woods. pine-creeping warbler n. U.S. (now rare) = pine warbler n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Parulidae (wood warbler) > [noun] > genus Dendroica > dendroica pinus (pine-warbler) pine creeper1731 pine-creeping warbler1811 pine warbler1831 1811 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. III. 25 Pine-Creeping Warbler..inhabits the pine woods of the Southern states. 1868 J. G. Wood Homes without Hands xiii. 248 The Pine-Creeping Warbler (Sylvia pinus). 1933 Amer. Midland Naturalist 14 543 The song [sc. of the worm-eating warbler]..suggests both the pine-creeping warbler and the chipping sparrow. pine drape n. U.S. slang rare = pine overcoat n.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > receptacle for remains > [noun] > coffin chestc890 througheOE tombc1300 cofferc1381 kista1400 coffin1525 box1614 sandapile1623 wooden doublet1761 pillbox1789 casket1849 wooden surtout1864 pine overcoat1890 overcoat1904 wooden kimono1926 pine drape1945 wooden suit1968 1945 L. Shelly Hepcats Jive Talk Dict. 31 Pine drape, coffin. 1970 C. Major Dict. Afro-Amer. Slang 91 Pine drape, coffin. pinedrops n. a tall saprophytic plant, Pterospora andromedea (family Ericaceae), of North American pine forests (cf. beech-drops n. at beech n. Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > parasitic plants > [noun] > other beech-drops1815 rafflesia1822 Scotchman hugging the (also a) Creole1828 Brugmansia1832 John Crow nose1844 pinedrops1848 nettle-blight1849 Scotch attorney1864 Jim Crow's nose1866 witchweed1881 devil's guts1889 1848 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. 274 Pterospora. Pine-drops... P. Andromedea.—Hard clay soil, parasitic on the roots apparently of pines. 1994 R. Hendrickson Happy Trails 104 Giant bird's nest, another name for the pinedrops tree (Pterospora andromeda) because of its mass of matted fibrous roots. pine finch n. (a) U.S.= pine siskin n.; (b) = pine grosbeak n. (rare). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Pinicola pine grosbeak1772 pine finch1810 pine bullfinch1828 the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Carduelis > carduelis pinus (pine siskin) pine finch1810 pine linnet1839 pine goldfinch1877 pine siskin1887 1810 A. Wilson Amer. Ornithol. II. 133 Pine Finch..seeks the seeds of the black alder. 1839 J. J. Audubon Synopsis Birds N. Amer. 127 Corythus Enucleator... Common Pine-finch..from Pennsylvania and New Jersey, in winter. 1964 A. R. Phillips Birds of Arizona 186 Pine Finch... Common summer resident. † pine-glandule n. Anatomy Obsolete rare the pineal gland. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > pineal gland pine kernel1598 pine-glandule1615 conarium1656 pineal gland1681 epiphysis1882 pineal1911 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 468 The backeside of the Pine-glandule. † pine goldfinch n. U.S. Obsolete = pine siskin n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Carduelis > carduelis pinus (pine siskin) pine finch1810 pine linnet1839 pine goldfinch1877 pine siskin1887 1877 J. B. Holder Hist. Amer. Fauna in J. Richardson et al. Museum Nat. Hist. III. p. cxliii/2 Pine Goldfinch (C. pinus)—This bird is a winter visitor to New England. 1878 U.S. National Mus. Proc. 1 414 Chrysomitris pinus, (Wils.)—Pine Goldfinch. pine green n. and adj. (a) n. the colour of pine needles; (b) adj. of this colour. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > green or greenness > [adjective] > dark green steel-greena1560 bottle-green1785 corbeau1810 forest-green1810 rifle green1829 spinach-green1845 pine green1892 army green1897 malachite1900 seaweed-green1937 1892 Littell's Living Age 12 Nov. 442/1 Fleecy clouds sailed lazily; their shadows chased each other slowly over pine-green bush and brighter grass. 1935 Times 22 July 15/1 (advt.) The suit is in pine green. 1970 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Sept. 28/1 (advt.) Reconditioned Alfa Romeo Sale..pine green. 2000 Mountain Heritage Mag. Spring 32/2 She wore the cook's apron over her pine green dress. pine grosbeak n. a large finch, Pinicola enucleator, inhabiting pinewoods in Europe and North America, the male of which has predominantly reddish plumage. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Pinicola pine grosbeak1772 pine finch1810 pine bullfinch1828 1772 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 402 Enucleator... Pine Grosbeak... It answers to the descriptions and figures of the ornithologists pretty well. 1884 Harper's Mag. Mar. 619/1 One of our most beautiful and interesting winter visitants is the pine grosbeak. 1912 E. T. Seton Arctic Prairies xlvii. 301 One afternoon I heard a peculiar note, at first, like the ‘cheepy-teet-teet’ of the Pine Grosbeak, only louder. 1995 Experience Lac du Bonnet Spring 26/1 In the winter there are countless birds, especially pine grosbeaks which have only a short distance from an easy meal to the safety of the forest. pine grouse n. North American the blue grouse, Dendragapus obscurus. ΚΠ 1851 G. Gibbs Jrnl. 20 Aug. in H. R. Schoolcraft Information Indian Tribes U.S. (1853) III. 112 The pine grouse, and quail, geese, ducks, and cranes, abound in their proper season. 1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. II. 12 Dusky Grouse. Dendragapus obscurus obscurus... [Also called] Blue Grouse; Pine Grouse; Pine Hen [etc.]. 1953 S. G. Jewett Birds Washington State 196 Pine Grouse... The grouse is a denizen of the Douglas fir belt. pine gum n. North American the resin or turpentine obtained from several species of pine, esp. the slash pine, Pinus caribaea, and the southern pine, P. echinata. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > other vegetable materials > plant resin > [noun] > oleoresins from coniferous trees pitcheOE turpentine1322 alkitranc1400 cedriac1420 perrosin?a1425 pitch-rosinc1450 terebinth1483 alchitrean1562 frankincense1577 Venice turpentine1577 terebinthine1578 Venetian turpentine1598 Burgundy pitch1678 Strasbourg turpentine1683 terebinthina1693 Scio turpentine1710 rhinehurst1724 Canada balsam1754 Canada balsam1754 Canada turpentine1762 galipot1791 Canada pitch1831 dipping1832 pine gum1853 dip1856 scrape1856 virgin dip1856 pinol1889 1853 S. Strickland 27 Years in Canada West II. iv. 48 A preparation of cedar or pine-gum, mixed with pitch or resin, is run neatly over the seams, which process completes the canoe. 1855 W. G. Simms Forayers 434 A leetle pine-gum plaister on that head of yourn will stop up the sore places. 1921 Frontier (Missoula, Montana) May 5 The Sheep Eaters lived in tepees made of cedar thatched with moss and cemented by pine gum. 1987 Canad. Geographic Dec. 44/2 Boat repair materials (watape or fine spruce roots for sewing in bark patches, and pine-gum for waterproofing the seams). pine hawk n. (in full pine hawkmoth) a large grey hawkmoth, Hyloicus pinastri, whose larvae feed on pine needles. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Sphingidae > sphinx pinastri pine hawkmoth1803 1803 A. H. Haworth Lepidoptera Britannica i. 59 Pine Hawk [moth]. 1859 W. S. Coleman Our Woodlands 36 It will change first into a brown chrysalis, then into a large and pretty moth—the Pine-hawk Moth. 1974 W. Condry Woodlands xii. 130 Rare but slowly increasing in pinewoods of the south of England is a big, grey moth, the pine hawk. 1983 Birds Summer 27 (caption) Pinewoods are rich..in insects, such as the pine hawkmoth, a large moth confined to south-east England. pine-house n. now rare = pinery n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > greenhouse or glass-house > other types of glass-house or hothouse orangeryc1660 winter garden1736 pinery1756 succession house1786 mushroom house1797 striking-house1824 palm house1826 show house1831 cold house1841 pine-house1843 orchard house1858 coolhouse1869 1843 Times 3 July 8/3 Gardens, with conservatory, grapery and pine house. 1887 Nicholson's Dict. Gardening at Pine-apple Provision should be made, in Pine-houses or pits, for applying a thin shading for a few hours on bright summer days. 1977 P. O'Brian Mauritius Command v. 118 He had spent the chief of his time in drawing up detailed plans for new stabling and a pine-house at Langton Castle, where he lived. pine kernel n. (a) the seed of a pine tree, esp. when edible; a pine nut; †(b) the pineal gland (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > specific glands > [noun] > pineal gland pine kernel1598 pine-glandule1615 conarium1656 pineal gland1681 epiphysis1882 pineal1911 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > other edible seeds > pine-seeds pine nuteOE pines1327 pineapple kernela1398 pineapple seed?1440 pignon1526 pineapple1560 pinyon1577 pine kernel1598 neoza1832 piñon1834 pignoli1841 cembra nut1842 pinyon1846 cedar-nut1863 pignolia1891 Indian nut1922 pit1947 1598 tr. G. de Rosselli Epulario H iv b Some dry Figges, and two ounces of Pine kernels. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 144 The Indian Pine Kernels are little Almonds of a yellowish white Colour. 1990 Country Homes June 122/2 Tip in the pine kernels and stir around over the heat for a minute or two. pine lappet n. (more fully pine lappet moth) = pine-tree lappet n. at pine tree n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Lasiocampidae > dendrolimus pini (pine lappet) pine lappet1824 1824 J. Curtis Brit. Entomol. I. 7 (heading) Pine lappet. 1966 O. Kuthanová tr. J. Moucha Beautiful Moths 106 Pine Lappet Moth... This moth is one of Central Europe's notorious pine forest pests. pine linnet n. U.S. (now rare) = pine siskin n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Carduelis > carduelis pinus (pine siskin) pine finch1810 pine linnet1839 pine goldfinch1877 pine siskin1887 1839 J. J. Audubon Synopsis Birds N. Amer. 115 Pine Linnet... Wanders during winter to South Carolina, Louisiana, and Kentucky. 1941 E. T. Seton Trail of Artist-naturalist 151 I was out every fine day, and nearly always got or saw something—crows, juncos, shrikes, pine linnets, chickadees. 2000 South Bend (Indiana) Tribune (Nexis) 24 June c2 Chewink, high-hole and pine linnet are names no longer familiar to modern birders. pine lizard n. the fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus (family Phrynosomatidae), a small grey or brown, partly arboreal lizard found in North America. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Iguanidae > member of genus Sceloporus (fence-lizard) swift1530 pine lizard1842 stinging lizard1870 fence-lizard1889 1842 Nat. Hist. N.Y., Zool. III. 33 From its abundance in pine forests, [the brown swift] has obtained the name of Pine Lizard. 1946 Amer. Midland Naturalist 35 743 The pine lizard (Sceloporus undulatus)..makes use of those [beetle] tunnels that are close under the bark for egg-laying. 1990 Paris Rev. Fall 125 Mendacious spire with an ambush in its system, the pine lizard's a steeple, unrepentant and without religion. pine mast n. pine cones collectively (cf. mast n.²). ΚΠ 1879 Investig. Dis. of Swine 214 Some old stock-raisers say that this disease [sc. thumps] is always worse after a heavy pine mast. 1936 H. L. Sweetman Biol. Control of Insects xii. 335 Pine mast is a good source of food for bobwhites..and other non-game birds. 2003 News-Star (Monroe, LA) (Nexis) 28 Aug. 3 c There seems to be a good crop of hickory nuts and pine mast this year. pine mouse n. the American pine vole, Pitymys (or Microtus) pinetorum. ΚΠ 1851 J. J. Audubon & J. Bachman Viviparous Quadrupeds N. Amer. II. 216 Arvicola Pinetorum... Leconte's Pine-Mouse... This species bears some resemblance to Wilson's Meadow Mouse. 1885 Amer. Naturalist 19 115 Another interesting representative of this family is the pine mouse (Arvicola pinetorum LeC.). 1947 Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 30 Aug. 8/5 Experiments in control of pine mice, which cause annual damage running to thousands of dollars in State orchards, are being conducted. 1996 Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, Virginia) (Nexis) 8 Sept. g1 The pine vole (Microtus pinetorum), sometimes called pine mouse,..has small rounded ears..and protruding teeth. pine mushroom n. any of various edible fungi associated with pine trees; (now) esp. = matsutake n. ΚΠ 1891 Harper's Mag. Apr. 666 The chief dishes are red partridges and civet de chamois, pine mushrooms, [etc.]. 1975 A. H. Smith Field Guide Western Mushrooms 146 Armillaria ponderosa (Pine Mushroom)... The fungus can be found throughout the pine areas. 1989 A. Willan Reader's Digest Compl. Guide to Cookery 312/1 The matsutake (pine mushroom) is the most prized of Japanese fungi. 1997 Canad. Geographic Jan. 66/2 Mushrooms—some familiar some not, are everywhere—..and, here and there, the ivory gleam of a pine mushroom. pine needle n. the needle-shaped leaf of a pine tree. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > needle or needles needle1798 pine-straw1832 pine tag1835 pine needle1844 straw1856 spine1859 fir-brush1879 fir-needle1883 1844 Catholic World Sept. 832 They were walking up and down a broad woodland path, thick carpeted with pine-needles. 1907 Harper's Mag. June 109 Delicately poised on a single spine of the pine-needles. 2000 Country Illustr. Apr. 34/3 Deep snow forces capercaillie to subsist on pine needles. pine-needle wool n. rare = pine-wool n.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1906 N.E.D. at Pine sb.² Pine-needle wool. pine oil n. any of various oils obtained from the leaves, twigs, wood, or resin of pine trees. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > other plant-derived oils oil de baya1398 oil roseta1400 alkitranc1400 laurinec1400 oil of spicac1400 seed oil1400 rape oil1420 nut-oil?c1425 masticine?1440 oil de rose?1440 oil of myrtine?a1450 gingellya1544 rose oil1552 alchitrean1562 oil of spike1577 oil of ben1594 myrtle oil1601 sesamus1601 sampsuchine1616 oil of walnuts1622 rape1641 oil of rhodium1649 rapeseed oil1652 neroli1676 oil of mace1681 spirit of scurvy-grass1682 beech-oil1716 poppy oil1737 castor oil1746 oil of sassafras1753 orange-peel oil1757 wood-oil1759 bergamot1766 sunflower oil1768 Russia oil1773 oil castor1779 tung-yu1788 poppy-seed oil1799 cocoa butter1801 sassafras oil1801 phulwara1805 oil of wine1807 grass oil1827 oil of marjoram1829 cajuput oil1832 essence of mustarda1834 picamar1835 spurge oil1836 oenanthic ether1837 tea oil1837 capnomor1838 cinnamon-oil1838 oil of mustard1838 orange-flower oil1838 resinein1841 mustard oil1844 myrrhol1845 styrol1845 oenanthol1847 shea butter1847 wintergreen1847 gaultheria oil1848 ginger-grass oil.1849 nutmeg oil1849 pine oil1849 peppermint oil1850 cocoa fat1851 orange oil1853 neem oil1856 poonga oil1857 xanthoxylene1857 crab-oil1858 illupi oil1858 Shanghai oil1861 stand oil1862 mustard-seed oil1863 carap oilc1865 cocum butter or oilc1865 Kurung oil1866 muduga oil1866 pichurim oil1866 serpolet1866 sumbul oil1868 sesame oil1870 niger oil1872 summer yellow1872 olibene1873 patchouli oil1875 pilocarpene1876 styrolene1881 tung oil1881 becuiba tallow1884 soy oil1884 tea-seed oil1884 eucalyptus1885 sage oil1888 hop-oil1889 cotton-seed oil1891 lemon oil1896 palmarosa oil1897 illipe butter1904 hydnocarpus oil1905 tung1911 niger seed oil1917 sun oil1937 vanaspati1949 fennel oil- 1849 Sci. Amer. 27 Oct. 46/4 Camphine and Pine Oil are synonymous terms, both preparations being highly rectified spirits of oil of turpentine. 1977 R. L. Duncan Temple Dogs (1978) ii. i. 211 The room smelled slightly of pine oil disinfectant. 2000 Yoga May 16/2 Special..baths are selected according to the need, ranging from relaxing seaweed..or chest relieving pine oil. pine overcoat n. U.S. slang a coffin, esp. a cheap one. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > receptacle for remains > [noun] > coffin chestc890 througheOE tombc1300 cofferc1381 kista1400 coffin1525 box1614 sandapile1623 wooden doublet1761 pillbox1789 casket1849 wooden surtout1864 pine overcoat1890 overcoat1904 wooden kimono1926 pine drape1945 wooden suit1968 1890 Chicago Tribune 29 Aug. 8/1 I enlisted under the Democratic banner when I was 15 years old, and my service will last until I put on my pine overcoat and cease to worry my neighbors. 1996 Denver Westword (Nexis) 20 June (Music section) Williams was fitted for a pine overcoat long before the gods would have claimed a more clean-living man. pine-pit n. now historical a pit in which pineapples are grown; a type of pinery. ΚΠ 1779 Farmer's Mag. Aug. 244 In getting them [sc. leaves] into the pine-pits, if they appear dry, we water them. 1880 Encycl. Brit. XII. 224/1 It is therefore necessary to have..pineries for succession plants. These are generally called pine pits, and differ little from the pits used for accommodating other tender plants. 1999 S. Campbell Walled Kitchen Gardens 23 The frame yard included glass-roofed pine-apple pits as well as frames... The pine-pits acted as an adjunct to the range of purpose-built glasshouses. † pine-ploughed adj. Obsolete rare ploughed through by ships (see sense 6). ΚΠ 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 443 The Pine-plough'd Sea [Fr. la mer porte-nauire]. 1654 T. Blount Acad. Eloquence 47 The Pine-plow'd sea. The Green-mantled earth. † pine poplar n. Obsolete rare = Lombardy poplar n. at Lombardy n. 2a; cf. poplar pine n. at poplar n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > poplars and allies > [noun] popple1229 popple-tree1229 abele?a1300 poplar1371 black poplar1542 white poplar1542 poppling1570 cotton tree1633 tacamahac1739 Lombardy poplar1766 poplar pine1770 Po poplar1776 grey poplar1782 cottonwood1787 pine poplar1789 liard1809 white-backa1825 necklace poplar1845 silver poplar1847 weather-tree1847 hackmatack1873 bitter-weed1878 balsam-poplar1884 Russian poplar1884 Lombardy1917 1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 1 78 This tree is called by some the Pine Poplar. pine rust n. a disease of pine trees caused by a rust fungus, e.g. white pine blister rust. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with trees heart rot1808 white rot1828 sap-rot1838 red rot1847 conk1851 soft rot1886 pine blister1889 silver-leaf1890 leaf shedding1891 pine rust1893 leaf cast1894 partridge-wood1894 larch blister1895 needle-cast1895 sooty mould1901 white pine blister rust1909 larch needle cast1921 coral-spot1923 ink disease1923 pocket rot1926 wood rot1926 Dutch elm disease1927 oak wilt1942 ash dieback1957 1893 Bot. Gaz. 18 401 In an investigation of the pine rust he was enabled to identify six distinct species. 1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) III. 1580/1 Weymouth Pine Rust is a disease of 5-needled pines caused by the aecidial stage of the rust fungus Cronartium ribicola. 1999 Evolution 53 760/1 Moose, pine rust, and vigorous ground vegetation also disturbed the experiment. pinesap n. (a) North American either of two saprophytic plants, yellow bird's-nest, Monotropa hypopitys, formerly supposed to be parasitic on the roots of pines, and (in full sweet pinesap) the related Monotropsis odorata, which smells of violets; (b) the sap of a pine tree. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > parasitic plants > [noun] > monotropa genus (Indian pipe) Monotropa1753 wax-plant1801 Indian pipe1822 pinesap1824 tobacco-pipe1845 ghost plant1856 fir-rape1861 Indian pipestem1869 1824 J. Bigelow Florula Bostoniensis (ed. 2) 176 Monotropa lanuginosa... Pine sap... The root..consists of a mass of agglomerated brownish fibres, said to be parasitic on the roots of trees. 1856 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. (ed. 2) 261 Schweinitzia, Ell. Sweet Pine-sap... A low and smooth brownish plant, 3′–4′ high.., the flowers..exhaling the fragrance of violets. 1915 M. Armstrong & J. J. Thornber Field Bk. Western Wild Flowers 358 Pine-sap, Hypopitys Hypopitys (Monotropa)... The whole plant is waxy, flesh-color or yellowish. 1959 T. R. E. Southwood & D. Leston Land & Water Bugs Brit. Isles ii. 13 A. cinnamomeus differs from other flatbugs..in not being a fungus feeder, for it lives on pine sap. 1988 National Geographic Nov. p. xx What might have become a housing development..remains home to Maryland's only known colony of sweet pinesap. 2001 Kenyon Rev. Winter 108 For the eclipsed sun, quick-cooled like molten lead, Like a drop of pine sap, an abacus bead. pine savannah n. U.S. savannah in which pine trees predominate. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > wooded land > types of ripplelOE wildwooda1122 rough1332 firth?a1400 tod stripec1446 osiard1509 bush1523 bush-ground1523 fritha1552 island1638 oak landc1658 pinelandc1658 piney wood1666 broom-land1707 pine barrenc1721 pine savannah1735 savannah1735 thick woods1754 scrub-land1779 olive wood1783 primeval forest1789 open wood1790 strong woods1792 scrub1805 oak flata1816 sertão1816 sprout-land1824 flatwoods1841 bush-land1842 tall timber1845 amber forest1846 caatinga1846 mahogany scrub1846 bush-flat1847 myall country1847 national forest1848 selva1849 monte1851 virgin forest1851 bush-country1855 savannah forest1874 bush-range1879 bushveld1879 protection forest1889 mulga1896 wood-bush1896 shinnery1901 fringing forest1903 monsoon forest1903 rainforest1903 savannah woodland1903 thorn forest1903 tropical rainforest1903 gallery forest1920 cloud forest1922 rain jungle1945 mato1968 1735 New Voy. to Georgia 13 We rode about two Miles farther, where we came to a large Pine Savannat [sic, twice]. 1827 O. W. Roberts Narr. Voy. Central Amer. 113 Close to an extensive and beautiful pine savannah. 1976 R. C. West & J. P. Augelli Middle Amer. (ed. 2) ii. 47/2 The chief reason for the Nicaraguan pine-savanna is probably the porous, gravelly soil. 2001 Nature Conservancy Mar.–Apr. 27/1 The Grand Bay Savanna office is working with several..property owners to protect sensitive wet pine savanna habitats. pine sawfly n. any of various sawflies of the family Diprionidae, whose larvae feed on pine needles. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Symphta or Phytophaga Sessiliventres > member of family Diprionidae (pine saw-fly) pine sawfly1840 1840 J. Loudon & M. Loudon tr. V. Köllar Treat. Insects iii. 345 The means devised by man for guarding against and destroying the pine saw-fly are as follows. 1993 Harrowsmith June 55 (caption) Among the natural enemies of insects such as these red-headed pine sawfly larvae are fungi. pine shoot moth n. a small moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (family Tortricidae), having larvae that are destructive to pine shoots, which is native to Europe and has been introduced to North America. ΚΠ 1929 Sci. Monthly Sept. 269/2 European pine-shoot moth (Evetria buoliana), introduced about 1914. 1992 M. Atherden Upland Brit. viii. 141 They [sc. the pests of pine] include the pine beauty moth, the pine weevil, the pine shoot moth and the pine sawfly. pine siskin n. a siskin, Carduelis pinus, which has yellow markings on the wings and rump, found in North American pinewoods. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Carduelis > carduelis pinus (pine siskin) pine finch1810 pine linnet1839 pine goldfinch1877 pine siskin1887 1887 R. Ridgway Man. N. Amer. Birds 400 Northern North America, breeding from northern United States north~ward... Pine Siskin. 1947 Chicago Tribune 28 Dec. vi. 1/1 Some pine siskins..were found munching on birch cones and pods. 1993 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 9 Jan. d8/2 Small numbers of common redpolls and pine siskins arrived afterwards. pine snake n. (a) a large colubrid snake, Pituophis melanoleucus, which is related to the bull snake and found in North American pinewoods; also called gopher snake; (b) U.S. regional the fox snake, Elaphe vulipna. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Colubridae > member of genus Pituophis (pine-snake) horn-snake1694 bull-snake1784 pine snake1791 pilot snake1842 1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 276 The pine or bull snake is very large and inoffensive with respect to mankind. 1895 Outing 26 39/2 A pine snake, bloated and glistening, wriggles across the road. 1958 R. Conant Field Guide Reptiles & Amphibians U.S. 157 Fox Snake..A Serpent with many aliases—a ‘timber snake’ in Ohio and parts of Michigan, a ‘pine snake’ in Wisconsin and adjacent states, [etc.]. 1995 C. Mattison Encycl. Snakes vii. 152/3 The rare Louisiana pine snake, Pituophis m. ruthveni, lays two to four exceptionally large eggs. pine squirrel n. North American the American red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus. ΚΠ 1812 J. J. Henry Accurate Acct. Campaign against Quebec 44 A red pine squirrel, which was too small and quick to be killed by a bullet. 1936 D. McCowan Animals Canad. Rockies xx. 176 The red squirrel, sometimes called pine squirrel, is a forest dweller. 1998 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) 8 Feb. c39/2 Even those pesky little pine squirrels that abound in the black timber have been known to raid snowshoe hare nests. pine stove n. rare = pinery n. 1. ΚΠ 1805 J. C. Loudon Short Treat. Improvements Hot-houses 20 New plans for pine-stoves, peach-houses, and pits. 1924 T. W. Sanders & J. Lansdell Grapes: Peaches: Melons 69 We had to grow the plants [sc. vines] in a very high temperature, trained over the walk in a pine stove. pine-straw n. U.S. pine needles, esp. when dried. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > needle or needles needle1798 pine-straw1832 pine tag1835 pine needle1844 straw1856 spine1859 fir-brush1879 fir-needle1883 the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [adjective] > of or relating to pine-tree and allies > of pine needles pine-straw1832 pine tag1835 1832 J. P. Kennedy Swallow Barn I. xxviii. 295 The ground was strewed with a thick coat of pine-straw,—as the yellow sheddings of this tree are called. 1939 These are our Lives (Federal Writers' Project, U.S.) 51 The pen was grounded with pine straw as was the shelter. 1994 A. Rogers Pandora i. 46 Sloughing through the pathless deep of the forest heedless of the..ruts and soggy dunes of pinestraw. pine strawberry n. see sense 3c. pine swamp n. North American a low-lying piece of ground, esp. a marshy one, on which pine trees grow. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > with trees carrc1440 pine swamp1635 cedar-swamp1637 maple swamp1667 bay-swamp1741 bay-gall1775 bay1795 taiga1888 1635 Cambridge (Mass.) Proprietors' Rec. (1896) 6 More by the pine swampe about six acers. 1705 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1903) XVII. 201 At the South End of a Piece of Meadow & a Pine Swampe. 1862 O. W. Norton Army Lett. (1903) 62 We are bivouacked in a pine swamp. 1995 Jrnl. Ecol. 83 470/1 A few studies have focused on tree-line ecosystems..or pine-swamp forests..or spruce-dominated forests. pine tag n. U.S. a pine needle. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > needle or needles needle1798 pine-straw1832 pine tag1835 pine needle1844 straw1856 spine1859 fir-brush1879 fir-needle1883 the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [adjective] > of or relating to pine-tree and allies > of pine needles pine-straw1832 pine tag1835 1835 Southern Lit. Messenger Aug. 686/2 The cistern into which water is poured; you have nothing to do but turn the cock and out it comes..‘water, dirt, sticks, bugs, pine tags and all!’ 1947 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 13 Oct. 10/3 Oat straw,..pine tags,..and lawn clippings and leaves also could be used [for a mulch]. 1998 T. Wolfe Man in Full xxxi. 696 Try lying down on this nice soft bed of pine tags over here. pine tar n. a viscous, typically dark or tarry liquid mixture of substances including oils, resin and fatty acids, obtained by distilling pine wood, which is used in the manufacture of medicinal products, wood preservatives, etc., and (in North America) to improve the grip on the handle of baseball bats. ΚΠ 1855 S. Nicolson Nicolson Pavement 5 After being rammed, boiling pine tar was poured over the whole surface, in order that it might penetrate all parts of the pavement. 1927 Sci. Monthly Dec. 501/2 One of the control measures recommended is the use of [fly] repellents, a very effective one..being a mixture of one part furfural and 4 parts of pine-tar oil. 1994 M. Bell Bk. of Dead Men 28 He sights along the handle, he taps it to listen for cracks, he rubs pine tar up and down. pine thistle n. a Mediterranean thistle, Atractylis gummifera, the root of which contains a gummy substance. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > thistles thistlec725 carduea1398 wolf's-thistlea1400 cardoona1425 wolf-thistle1526 cotton-thistle1548 gum-thistle1548 oat thistle1548 black chameleon1551 ixia1551 Saint Mary thistle1552 milk thistle1562 cow-thistle1565 bedeguar1578 carline1578 silver thistle1578 white chameleon1578 globe thistle1582 ball thistle1597 down thistle1597 friar's crown1597 lady's thistle1597 gummy thistle1598 man's blood1601 musk thistle1633 melancholy thistle1653 Scotch thistle1660 boar-thistle1714 spear- thistle1753 gentle thistle1760 woolly thistle1760 wool-thistle1769 bur-thistlea1796 Canada thistle1796 pine thistle1807 plume thistle1814 melancholy plume thistle1825 woolly-headed thistle1843 dog thistle1845 dwarf thistle1846 welted thistle1846 pixie glove1858 Mexican thistle1866 Syrian thistle1866 bull thistle1878 fish belly1878 fish-bone-thistle1882 green thistle1882 herringbone thistle1884 Californian thistle1891 winged thistle1915 fish-thistles- 1807 R. Morris & J. Kendrick Edinb. Med. & Physical Dict. I Carlina gummifera.., pine-thistle... The root, when wounded, yields a milky, viscous juice, which concretes into tenacious masses. 1976 Trans. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 106 311 ‘Pine-thistle’ an herbal antidote against snakebite. pine torch n. a torch made of pinewood. ΚΠ 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy xi. 178 So saying, she put the pine-torch into my hand, and returned into the house. 1943 J. Stuart Taps for Private Tussie 168 Grandma led the way from the kitchen, a-smokin her pipe. Aunt Vittie followed Grandma, a-carryin a pine torch. 1999 Santa Fe New Mexican (Nexis) 4 Dec. 40 Dec. 24... San Juan—Pine Torch Procession. pine vole n. any of numerous chiefly woodland voles constituting the genus Pitymys (often included in Microtus), found in Eurasia and North America; esp. the common P. pinetorum of the eastern United States, which is sometimes a pest of orchards (also called pine mouse). ΚΠ 1896 Science 24 Apr. 624/1 (table) 4 Pine Voles (Microtus pinetorum). 1955 I. T. Sanderson Living Mammals of World 124/1 The very common little Pine-Vole of North America (Pitymys)..unfortunately burrows under the soil of all types of grass. 2002 Daily Tel. 9 Oct. 8/2 Specimens of..the Bavarian pine vole, previously thought to be extinct, have been found in the past two years. pine warbler n. a small warbler, Dendroica pinus (family Parulidae), the male of which has a yellowish throat and breast, found in the pinewoods of eastern North America. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Parulidae (wood warbler) > [noun] > genus Dendroica > dendroica pinus (pine-warbler) pine creeper1731 pine-creeping warbler1811 pine warbler1831 1831 New Eng. Mag. 1 330 The stillness of the scene is only broken by the shrill note of the Pine-warbler..who..trolls forth a rattling cry. 1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. III. 149/1 The Pine Warbler is a well-named bird, because its nesting sites are always in pine trees. 1996 Conservation Biol. 10 471/2 The Pine Warbler (Dendroica pinus)..winters primarily in the continental United States. pineweed n. = orange grass n. (b) at orange n.¹ and adj.¹ Compounds 1c(b). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Guttiferae (St. John's wort and allies) > [noun] velderudea1300 grace of God?c1400 floure jonett1423 St John's-wort?a1425 St. Peter's wort1526 hypericum1538 St John's grass1538 johnswort1710 scare-devil1751 orange grass1811 pineweed1814 nit-weed1818 guttifer1846 rose of Sharon1849 amber1861 goatweed1915 Klamath weed1922 1814 J. Bigelow Florula Bostoniensis 73 Sarothra gentianoides Pine weed... A small, erect branching plant. 1907 A. B. Lyons Plant Names (ed. 2) 414 Sarothra... Orange-grass, Pine-weed, Bastard Gentian, Ground Pine, Nit-weed, False Johnswort. 1996 Palm Beach (Florida) Post (Nexis) 17 Nov. 4 b Rare plants, such as the nodding pineweed, can be found on the preserve. pine weevil n. any of several weevils of the genera Hylobius and Pissodes, most of which are pests of conifers as adults, larvae, or both; spec. (British) the Eurasian H. abietis, the larvae of which live in decaying pine stumps. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Curculionoidea or Rhyncophora > family Curculionidae or genus Curculio > pissodes or hylobius abietus (pine-weevil) pine weevil1817 white pine weevil1817 1817 Mass. Agric. Jrnl. 4 209 Fig. 2 and 3 represent the Rynchaenus Strobi, or White Pine Weevil of its natural size and magnified. 1862 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1861: Agric. 605 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (37th Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 39) V Hylobius pales..is the common ‘pine weevil’ of the north and the south. 1968 J. Burton Oxf. Bk. Insects 190/1 Large Pine Weevil (Hylobius abietis). This pest of young pines..feeds on the tender bark of shoots. 2002 Northern Woodlands Spring 4/2 After a winter in the soil, white pine weevils are ascending..their host trees to feed and lay eggs. pine-wool n. now rare a wool-like material made from the fibres of pine needles, used in packing, upholstery, clothing, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > thread or yarn > [noun] > made from other materials vegetable wool1752 pine-wool1854 nettle yarn1879 1854 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 1 Dec. 38/1 A useful material..originating in Prussia,..and termed pine wool. 1884 Internat. Health Exhib. Official Catal. 42/2 Pine Wool Anti-rheumatic Underclothing. 1978 Devel. & Transfer of Technol. Ser. No. 7 The use of pine needles for fibreboard packing cases, pine-wool for stuffing and packing, [etc.]. † pine-worm n. Obsolete rare the larva of a pine sawfly.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. Pine-worm, the larva of a saw-fly of the genus Lophyrus. b. Designating preparations having the aroma of pine. ΚΠ 1890 T. H. Dean How to be Beautiful ii. 23 Pine bath. This is a bath much prized by a beautiful Russian lady. 1931 S. Jameson Richer Dust xiv. 420 Put some pine salts in my bath. 1972 J. Aiken Butterfly Picnic x. 175 [A] powerful effusion of pine bath essence. 1991 G. Keillor WLT: Radio Romance xi. 87 Their steep stairs smelled of pine disinfectant, and the wallpaper was forget-me-nots. Derivatives ˈpine-like adj. ΚΠ 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 5 The Conarion or Pine-like Glandule [L. glandulam pinealem]. 1805 M. Lewis Jrnl. 8 June in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) 306 The pulp is a..substance of a sweetish and pinelike taste. 1850 Househ. Words 6 Apr. 29/2 Pine-like trees, standing against the..sky. 1910 Amer. Naturalist 44 292 Prepinus Jeffrey, which must be regarded as a very antique representative of the pine-like conifers. 1991 Pract. Householder Apr. 38/3 Stairparts are available in two natural timber finishes—mahogany or pine-like hemlock. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pinev. Brit. /pʌɪn/, U.S. /paɪn/ Forms: Old English pinan, Old English–early Middle English pinian, early Middle English pinenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English pini, early Middle English pinie, Middle English pyynde (past participle), Middle English–1600s pyne, Middle English– pine; Scottish pre-1700 pyine, pre-1700 pynnand (present participle), pre-1700 pynnit (past participle), pre-1700 1700s–1800s pyne, pre-1700 1700s– pine, 1700s pinn. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: pine n.¹ Etymology: < pine n.¹ Compare Middle Dutch pīnen (Dutch †pijnen ), Middle Low German pīnen , Old High German pīnōn (Middle High German pīnen , early modern German peinen ), Old Icelandic pína , Old Swedish pina (Swedish pina ), Danish pine . Compare later pain v.In Old English the prefixed forms gepīnian , gepīnan are also attested. See pine n.¹ for discussion of the paucity of attestations of the parent noun in Old English. †1. transitive. To afflict with pain or suffering; to cause to suffer; to torment, trouble, distress. Also intransitive. Cf. pain v. 2. Obsolete (Scottish in later use). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)] heavyc897 pineeOE aileOE sorryeOE traya1000 sorrowOE to work (also do) (a person) woeOE angerc1175 smarta1200 to work, bake, brew balec1200 derve?c1225 grieve?c1225 sitc1225 sweam?c1225 gnawc1230 sughc1230 troublec1230 aggrievea1325 to think sweama1325 unframea1325 anguish1340 teen1340 sowa1352 distrainc1374 to-troublea1382 strain1382 unglad1390 afflicta1393 paina1393 distressa1400 hita1400 sorea1400 assayc1400 remordc1400 temptc1400 to sit (or set) one sorec1420 overthrow?a1425 visit1424 labour1437 passionc1470 arraya1500 constraina1500 misgrievea1500 attempt1525 exagitate1532 to wring to the worse1542 toil1549 lament1580 adolorate1598 rankle1659 try1702 to pass over ——1790 upset1805 to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823 to put (a person) through it1855 bludgeon1888 to get to ——1904 to put through the hoop(s)1919 eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) ii. iii. 41 Ða pinedon hie hiene, mid þæm þæt hie his hand forbærndon. OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. viii. 29 Uenisti huc ante tempus torquere nos : ðu cuome hider ær tid to pinenne [OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. to þreagenne] usih. ?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1137 On his time þe Iudeus of Noruuic bohton an xpisten cild beforen Estren, & pineden him alle þe ilce pining ðæt ure Drihten was pined. c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. F) l. 33 Nu me wulleþ prikien þeo pikes inne helle, pinien me ful so[re all] for þine sunne. a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 48 (MED) I sal biueren in vours & chiuerren in ise & ben ipinet for þe on ateliche wyse. c1300 St. Patrick's Purgatory (Laud) 203 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 206 (MED) Þis wrechche gostes weren..i-pinede with Irene and with fuyre. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 130 (MED) Þou gest into helle, huer þou sselt yuinde..a þousond pinen þet neure ne endeþ þe uor to pini. ?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 213 (MED) Seruauntis ben cruely beten, pyned, prisoned & sumtyme hangid & drawen for worldly trespas. a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) 1236 (MED) If sche wil not mend hir mynd, Þan bodely sche salbe pynd. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) iv. 5 Doand penaunce & pynand ȝow for ȝoure synnes. 1569 T. Underdowne tr. Ovid Inuectiue against Ibis K vj b Aristophanes was by publike authoritie pyned to death. 1594 G. Peele Battell of Alcazar iv. ii Pin'd let him be with Tantalus' endless thirst. 1635 F. Quarles Emblemes v. i. 246 O tell him..how my soule is pin'd. 1724 A. Ramsay Sc. Cantata in Tea-table Misc. Hence frae my breast, contentious care, Ye've tint the power to pine. 1787 W. Taylor Poems 88 My love-sick mind with anguish pin'd, Is dead to pleasure. 1818 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor x, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 230 They prick us and they pine us and they pit us on the pinnywinkles for witches. 1878 A. Laing Wayside Flowers (ed. 4) 32 Mary, her mither, a' broken an' pin'd Wi' trouble o' body, wi' trouble o' mind. †2. intransitive. To suffer, to endure pain or (occasionally) penance. (In later use merged with sense 4.) Obsolete (archaic in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > be in adversity [verb (intransitive)] tholec897 pinea1225 steada1300 endure1340 to well in woea1350 labourc1450 concernc1592 to have a good (bad, etc.) time (of it, formerly on it)1647 to have the wind in one's face1649 to be on (also at) the receiving end1909 to feel the draught1925 to have (one's) ass in a sling1960 to be in lumber1965 the mind > emotion > suffering > suffer mental pain [verb (intransitive)] tholec897 throwOE smarta1200 pinea1225 to well in woea1350 painc1350 labourc1450 to fight sore at heart1490 tear1666 a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 35 Ic walde fein pinian and sitten on forste and on snawe. c1300 St. Leonard (Harl.) 30 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 477 (MED) Heo pynede so sore þat heo was anon to þe deþe ibroȝt. ?1316 Short Metrical Chron. (Royal) 565 in J. Ritson Anc. Eng. Metrical Romanceës (1802) II. 293 (MED) The levedy pinede so sore Er that child were ybore. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xix. 319 (MED) Grace gaue hym þe crosse..That cryst vpon caluarye for mankynd on pyned. c1410 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Harl. 7334) (1885) §847 To synne and to pyne of þe deþ þat is pardurable. c1450 (c1400) Julian of Norwich Revelations Divine Love: Shorter Version (1978) 40 (MED) Saynte Cecylle..hadde thre woundys with a swerde in the nekke, with the whilke sche pynede to the dede. 1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xii. vii. 226 She sticketh also needels fine In liuers, whereby men doo pine. a1598 D. Fergusson Sc. Prov. (1641) sig. C2 He that hes na geir to tyne, hes shins to pine. 1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem 23 And their severe slighting of wine Makes them so with the Collick pine. 1821 W. Liddle Poems 149 If from paunching Bacchus' wine, Then they should a' be made to pine. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 280 His slaughtering-stock before the knife would pine. 3. a. transitive. To exhaust or waste (a person, animal, etc.) with physical or emotional suffering, esp. with hunger, disease, or grief; to cause to languish, to wear out; to deprive of food, to starve. Frequently with out, away, to death, etc. Also intransitive. Now English regional (northern) and rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)] > overcome with pinea1325 slayc1386 surcharge1566 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > affect with wasting disease [verb (transitive)] wastec1230 forpinec1275 pinea1325 corrodec1400 rust1493 macerate1547 forwaste1563 tabefy1656 tabid1661 colliquate1666 undermine1879 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 179 He pine man wid sorwe and dred, And don h[i]m [MS hem] monen his sinfulhed. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 9230 (MED) He wep & cride on is men þat hii ssolde on him rewe, Þat he nere to deþe ipined. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1095 Ȝet comen lodly to þat Lede, as lazares monye, Summe lepre, summe lome..Poysened, and parlatyk, and pyned in fyres. a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 155 (MED) Þei ensegen þe soulis of men and pynen hem bi þe worste hungir. c1475 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 223 (MED) He toke this rightwys kyng..And hym in prison put perpetuelly, Pyned to deth, alas, ful pyteuxly. 1549 J. Cheke Hurt of Sedicion sig. C4 Seynge ye so vnpityfullye vexe menne,..pyne them with famine. 1563 Ld. J. Gray in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 279 The thought and care she takethe..pines her awaye. 1596 P. Barrough Method of Phisick (ed. 3) vi. xiii. 372 Phisitions..keepe their patients in darkenes..pining them euen vnto bones. 1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 111 When as shee was fully determined to pine her selfe to death: hee caused her mouth perforce to bee opened, and meate to be crammed into her throate. ?1620 S. Rowlands Paire of Spy-knaues 19 Thou do'st onely pinch, and pine, and spare, To hord vp money. c1646 in S. Glover Hist. County of Derby (1829) I. App. 67 [Wingfield Manor] was a place that could not be otherwise taken, without they were pined out. 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Crocus The Bulb seem'd..to be pin'd and emaciated. 1759 S. Fielding Hist. Countess of Dellwyn I. 223 He fattened on Flattery, and pined himself away. 1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. 87/2 Clam, to pine to death for want of water. a1845 T. Hood Lamia iv, in W. Jerdan Autobiogr. (1852) I. 267 I'd pine him to a ghost for want of rest. 1851 T. A. Buckley tr. Homer Iliad i. 17 But he pined away his great dear, remaining there. 1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) Pine, to starve, kill by starvation. ‘They besieged the town in hope to pine 'em.’ 1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche iv. iii. 41 If she there had died of hunger pined. 1924 J. H. Wilkinson Leeds Dial. Gloss. 167 Doan't pine 'im, Missis, give 'im summat to eyt. †b. transitive (reflexive). To exert oneself; to take pains; to labour, toil. Cf. pain v. 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself [verb (reflexive)] > take trouble apainc1315 painc1330 anpainc1380 enpaync1380 pinec1400 trouble?a1513 becumber1550 c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 5905 Mychel he hym pyned er al þis londe He haueþ ywonne. a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 100 His fadyr and his modir pyned hem to lere hym som craft. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 11558 All grauntid the gome to þe gay qwene, ffor to proker hir pes, & pyne hym þerfore. 1802 J. Sibbald Chron. Sc. Poetry Gloss. He pyned himself, he used his best endeavours. †c. transitive. To put (an animal) to work. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > work animals labourc1405 pinea1425 jade1615 slave1699 drive1889 a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 150 A bole þat shal be kild..is not pyned ne traveilid wiþ oþer beestis. 4. a. intransitive. Of a person or animal: to become exhausted or wasted from physical or emotional suffering, esp. from hunger, disease, or grief; to lose vitality or vigour, to languish. Frequently with away, to death, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > wasting disease > have wasting disease [verb (intransitive)] dwinec1000 shrinkc1000 swindOE wastea1300 pinea1325 rot1340 tapishc1375 wastea1387 consume1495 decaya1538 winder1600 pule1607 moch1818 to run down1826 tabefy1891 a1325 St. Peter (Corpus Cambr.) 186 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 253 Ȝif þat soþ were, Him sulue [he] wolde deliueri and noȝt ligge & pini þere. c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 12801 (MED) Achilles..was In loue bounden, That maketh a man to morne & pyne. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 400 Pynyn, or languryn in sekenesse..langueo, elangueo. a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Laud) (1998) I. 528 The kyng..hem badde That he shulde oþer dayes nyne In prison leve and þere pyne. 1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. B.v So doeth the soule pyne awaye for default of gostly meate. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxcii His wife, whiche pined to deathe for sorowe. 1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. H3^v He ten times pines, that pines beholding food. View more context for this quotation 1612 T. Dekker If it be not Good sig. C^v Churles..fat their rancke gutts whilest poor wretches pine. c1665 L. Hutchinson Mem. Colonel Hutchinson (1973) 150 Pining with spite and envie. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 18 They generally pine away..and die in a short time. 1782 S. Johnson Let. 28 Mar. (1994) IV. 28 You must get a place, or pine in penury. 1857–9 Trans. Highlands Soc. 84 Animals that pine cannot appropriate or assimilate to themselves nutritive substances. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems viii. 14 But thou'lt be mourning thus to pine unask'd alway. 1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xxvii. 40 Is my friend hearty, Now I am thin and pine, And has he found to sleep in A better bed than mine? 1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo xi. 155 After several months, for some unaccountable reason, it went ‘off its feed’ and visibly pined. 1988 S. Quinn Mind of her Own i. 26 When she is away from him, even on a July vacation, she pines. 2004 Pioneer Press (SE. Minnesota) (Nexis) 6 Jan. 9 d She [sc. a dog] was never the same with our cousin['s] family as with us, and within the year she had pined away and..died. b. intransitive. Of a thing: to lose vigour or intensity; to decrease in size, to shrink. Now English regional (northern) and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > decrease in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (intransitive)] littleOE setc1000 wanzec1175 lessc1225 allayc1275 wane1297 slaken1303 disincreasec1374 slakec1380 decrease1382 debatea1400 unwaxa1400 wastea1400 adminishc1400 lessenc1400 imminish14.. aslakec1405 minish?a1425 assuagec1430 shrinkc1449 to let down1486 decay1489 diminish1520 fall1523 rebate1540 batea1542 to come down1548 abate1560 stoop1572 pine1580 slack1580 scanten1585 shrivel1588 decrew1596 remit1629 contract1648 subside1680 lower1697 relax1701 drop1730 to take off1776 to run down1792 reduce1798 recede1810 to run off1816 to go down1823 attenuatea1834 ease1876 downscale1945 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > actions of wood [verb (intransitive)] > shrink pine1833 1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 45^v The titters or tine, makes hop to pine. 1709 Celebrated Beauties in J. Tonson Poet. Misc. VI. 527 So sparkling Flames raise Water to a Smile, Yet the pleas'd Liquor pines, and lessens all the while. 1800 J. Tuke Gen. View Agric. N. Riding Yorks. (new ed.) 126 The corn being thrashed as soon after it is cut, measures much more than it would at a later period, when, by drying, it has pined and lost considerable bulk. 1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. ii. ii. 492 The granary floor to be laid with inch-and-quarter white-wood battens, dressed and jointed: the battens to be laid loose, so as to take up and relay after pining (shrinking). 1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 173 In the Canary Islands, where the tobacco industry had to be resorted to after the cochineal pined. 1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial N. Riding Yorks. 96/1 If ye coom t'nar saad [of a lame horse] it's good ti see it's iv his shaulder, ye can see how it's pined. 1943 F. Thompson Candleford Green x. 166 Young trees had been planted, of which some had already died and others were pining. 1963 H. Orton & P. M. Tilling Surv. Eng. Dial. I. iii. 995 Q[uestion]. If a door has been made of unseasoned wood, before long it will be sure to... [Yorkshire] Pine. c. transitive. With away, †out: to spend or wear out (life, health, etc.) in pining. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > make dejected [verb (transitive)] > spend or pass time in dejection pine1597 linger1725 mope1791 1597 H. Lok Ecclesiastes v. 50 He pines away the remnant of his dayes. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 95. ⁋1 Persons in the married State..pine away their Days, by looking upon the same Condition in Anguish and Murmur. 1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xv. 383 She..for Ulysses lost Pin'd out her bloom, and vanish'd to a ghost. 1775 S. J. Pratt Liberal Opinions (1783) I. xxxiv. 208 Many..pining away existence under the lashes..of reproach. 1853 W. M. Thackeray Eng. Humourists vi. 319 Barristers pining a hungry life out in chambers. 1869 W. H. Dixon Her Majesty's Tower 189 Her husband..was pining out his soul for love. 1913 Gaz. & Bull. (Williamsport, Pa.) 30 Apr. 5/3 He refused food and gradually pined his life away. 1995 A. Halkin Enemy Reviewed vii. 132 Would a modern woman pine away her whole life for a childhood fantasy? 2004 Record (Kitchener-Waterloo, Ont.) (Nexis) 28 Feb. j4 Narcissus, who in Greek legend fell in love with his own image in a pool and pined his life away. 5. a. intransitive. To complain, moan, fret. Now English regional (eastern) and rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > discontent or dissatisfaction > state of complaining > complain [verb (intransitive)] murkeOE misspeakOE yomer971 chidea1000 murkenOE grutch?c1225 mean?a1300 hum13.. plainta1325 gruntc1325 plainc1325 musea1382 murmurc1390 complain1393 contrary1393 flitec1400 pinea1425 grummec1430 aggrudge1440 hoinec1440 mutterc1450 grudge1461 channerc1480 grunch1487 repine1529 storm?1553 expostulate1561 grumblea1586 gruntle1591 chunter1599 swagger1599 maunder1622 orp1634 objurgate1642 pitter1672 yelp1706 yammer1794 natter1804 murgeon1808 groan1816 squawk1875 jower1879 grouse1887 beef1888 to whip the cat1892 holler1904 yip1907 peeve1912 grouch1916 nark1916 to sound off1918 create1919 moana1922 crib1925 tick1925 bitch1930 gripe1932 bind1942 drip1942 kvetchc1950 to rag on1979 wrinch2011 a1425 Serm. (Rawl.) in G. Cigman Lollard Serm. (1989) 195 Encresen in her malice, falsely reporting þe wordis of her techers or vndernymmers, pynnyng at her wordis and putting on hem lesyngis. 1687 J. Norris Coll. Misc. 107 I'll now no longer grieve or pine. 1790 D. Morison Poems 140 Tak this, that heaven has sent, Or pinning ye'll thro' life the deed repent. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth v, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 132 Thou awakest to hone, and pine, and moan, as if she had drawn a hot iron across thy lips. 1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila ii. ii. 73 The eager and ardent spirits that pined at the..inactivity of Ferdinand's..campaign. 1840 R. H. Barham Ingoldsby Legends I. 333 Scratching and whining, And moaning and pining. a1903 E. Matthew in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1905) IV. 510/1 [Norfolk] She's allus a fretterin and pinin. b. transitive. To lament, mourn (a loss). Now archaic and rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > lament or express grief for [verb (transitive)] sorroweOE meaneOE bemournOE mournOE bemoanc1000 ofthink?c1225 bequeatha1325 moana1325 plain1340 wail1362 bewailc1374 complainc1374 waymenta1400 grievec1400 sorrowa1425 regratec1480 lament1535 deplore1567 dole1567 condole1607 pine1667 rave1810 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 848 Abasht the Devil stood..and saw Vertue in her shape how lovly, saw, and pin'd His loss. View more context for this quotation 1769 A. Machay Pasquin II. 187 They saw and pined their loss. 1872 A. C. Swinburne Under Microscope 8 We..see, and pine our loss. 1988 Times 5 Dec. 19/5 We pine the passing of Sir Gilbert Scott's red telephone kiosks. 6. Chiefly Scottish. a. transitive. To dry or cure (fish, meat, etc.) by exposure to the weather. Now Scottish and English regional (northern) and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > pickle or preserve [verb (transitive)] > dry pine1560 spit1617 deese1682 jerk1709 charqui1820 sun-cure1885 dehydrate1921 1560 MS Rec. Aberdeen XXIV in Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (1880) III. 572/1 The fische wes nocht pynit nor rypit aneucht. 1641 S. Smith Herring-bvsse Trade 10 The Pickle..doth so pine and overcome the nature of the Herring, that it makes it stiffe. 1705 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1824) XI. 293/1 That all the herring or white fish..shall be pined cured and packed from the bottom to the top with forreign salt allennarly. 1705 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1824) XI. 296 That the beef and pork be well salted and pyned. 1733 P. Lindsay Interest Scotl. 211 To direct the right Manner of salting and pinning them, and to sort the full from the spawn Herrings, to be pinn'd in different Fats or Casks. 1814 J. Shirreff Gen. View Agric. Shetland 91 When the body of the fish is all equally dried, here called pined, which is known by the salt appearing on the surface in a white efflorescence, here called bloom. 1866 T. Edmondston Etymol. Gloss. Shetland & Orkney Dial. 84 Pine fish (to), to dry fish by exposure to the weather. 1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words 612 Pine, to dry, to desiccate. b. intransitive. Of fish: to shrink as in the process of curing. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > be pickled or preserved [verb (intransitive)] > be cured > shrink in curing process pine1914 1914 J. S. Angus Gloss. Shetland Dial. 101 Pine, to shrink in drying, as..fish, etc.; to dwindle. 1968 Sc. National Dict. VII. 128/3 Abd. 1936: A quantity of herring which shrink in a barrel is said to pine. 7. intransitive. To yearn; to languish with desire, to hunger for something; to long eagerly. With for, after, or infinitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn [verb (intransitive)] > pine honea1400 languor1526 pine1569 to eat one's (own) heart1590 sicken1802 moon1878 1569 B. Googe Shippe of Safegarde sig. Bvi A goodly thing to pine for riches so, And know not who shall haue them when we go. 1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet v. iii. 235 The new-made Bridegroome..For whome, and not for Tibalt, Iuliet pinde. View more context for this quotation 1696 N. Tate & N. Brady New Version Psalms of David xlii. 2 For thee, my God,..My thirsty Soul doth pine. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. ii. 312 Who died there pining for their native home. 1783 G. Crabbe Village i. 5 Can poets sooth you, when you pine for bread, By winding myrtles round your ruin'd shed? 1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux I. ii. vii. 218 We pine for sympathy. 1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet III. xxii. 258 Harry Temple was wise enough to give up pining after what he could not get. 1926 People's Home Jrnl. Feb. 14/1 Some of us pine of course to do what we can't do. 1951 ‘J. Wyndham’ Day of Triffids xii. 215 Occasionally she pined a little for the bright lights which she hoped the Americans would restore. 1979 R. P. Graves A. E. Housman (1981) iii. 44 In the romantic fashion of the day, it would not be too much to say that he pined for their company. 1991 J. Wolf Daughter of Red Deer ii. xiv. 276 She is still pining for the boy she was promised to at home. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹OEn.²OEv.eOE
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pinen.1

Compounds

pinen.2

Compounds

Derivatives

pinev.

pinen.¹

pinen.²