phthalicadj.

Brit.

/ˈ(f)θalɪk/, U.S.

/ˈθælɪk/

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: naphthalic adj.

Etymology: Shortened < naphthalic adj., after French phtalique (in acide phtalique : A. Laurent 1842, in Revue scientifique et industrielle 6 76; shortened < naphtalique naphthalic adj.: see note). Compare German †Phtalinsäure phthalic acid (1842; now Phthalsäure).French acide phtalique was devised to replace the earlier name acide naphtalique (1836: see naphthalic adj.), after it was shown that the compound was not structurally related to naphthalene.

Chemistry.

I. Compounds.

a. phthalic anhydride n. the anhydride of phthalic acid (see sense 1b), a white bicyclic crystalline solid, C₆H₄(CO)₂O, which is made industrially by the catalytic oxidation of naphthalene or o-xylene, and is widely used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, dyes, etc.

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the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic acids > [noun] > carboxylic acids > functional derivatives

phthalic anhydride1855

monoglyceride1860

trimellitic acid1872

picolinic acid1876

thioglycollic acid1877

tetra-icosoic acid1894

phosphatidic acid1927

sialic acid1952

thioctic acid1952

1855 W. Odling tr. A. Laurent Chem. Method 53 Thus we can obtain in a direct manner the..tartaric, camphoric, succinic, phthalic, &c., anhydrides.

1913 T. E. Thorpe Dict. Applied Chem. (ed. 2) IV. 251/2 Owing to the extensive use of phthalic anhydride in the manufacture of synthetic indigo..a cheap technical process for its preparation in large quantities was essential.

1945 H. Barron Mod. Plastics xxvii. 559 Glycerine and phthalic anhydride are the two most important constituents for alkyd resins.

1966 R. M. Stephenson Introd. Chem. Process Industries xvi. 329 About 459 million pounds of phthalic anhydride were produced in the United States in 1963.

1994 Independent on Sunday 28 Aug. (Business section) 6/8 Now the Biocomposites Centre in Bangor has found that a chemical called phthalic anhydride, produced in large quantities for the plastics industry, can be substituted in part for waterproof glue.

b. phthalic acid n. (a) a solid dicarboxylic acid, C₆H₄(COOH)₂, originally produced by the oxidation of naphthalene with nitric acid or aqua regia; benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; (b) (in plural) the three isomeric acids of which this is the ortho form, the others being isophthalic acid (meta) and terephthalic acid (para).

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the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic acids > [noun] > miscellaneous other organic acids

melilithic acid1803

melanic acid1822

fulminic acid1824

sulphovinic acid1826

xanthic acid1831

alcoothionic acid1834

althionic acid1834

naphthalic acid1837

murexan1838

oxalhydric acid1838

pimelic acid1838

pyruvic acid1838

thionuric acid1838

glucic acid1840

sericic acid1841

anthranilic acid1842

acrylic acid1843

ulmin1843

rhoeadic acid1846

alizaric acid1848

thiacetic acid1854

fulminuric acid1855

phthalic acid1857

anchoic acid1858

graphitic acid1864

tropic acid1867

thymotic acid1868

octoic acid1881

nucleinic acid1893

polyphosphoric acid1895

hydnocarpic acid1905

glucuronic acid1909

octanoic acid1909

Reinecke acid1928

propenoic acid1948

lipoic acid1951

picloram1965

wyerone acid1970

1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. 575 Phthalic or Naphthalic Acid..is produced by the long-continued action of nitric acid upon naphthalin.

1869 Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. 665 Phthalic acid crystallizes in colorless plates.

1873 H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 11) 766 The xylenes..are converted into phthalic acids.

1955 B. C. L. Kemp Elem. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xxiv. 303 Among aromatic dibasic acids, we have already come across the three isomeric phthalic acids C₆H₄(COOH)₂ which may be obtained by oxidation of the corresponding xylenes.

1977 J. March Adv. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) xix. 1095 Aromatic rings can be cleaved with strong enough oxidizing agents... Examples are the oxidation of naphthalene to phthalic acid [etc.].

2003 Soap Perfumery & Cosmetics (Nexis) 1 Mar. 119 The patent claims methods and compositions for increasing the sun protection factor of sunscreen emulsions by adding a phthalic acid derivative.

II. General uses.

2. Of, relating to, or derived from phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride; having a chemical structure formally related to that of phthalic acid.

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the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic acids > [adjective] > carboxylic acids > miscellaneous others

uramilic acid1839

thioformic1857

phthalic1869

hexonic1894

fumaroid1895

malenoid1895

trigenic1941

1869 R. Bridges Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. 665 When heated, it loses a molecule of water, and leaves phthalic oxide.

1877 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 631 Phthalic ethers.

1886 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 50 455 By the oxidation of phthalic alcohol with chromic mixture, a thick, viscid oil is obtained containing phthalaldehyde, phthalide, and unaltered phthalic alcohol.

1941 Science 29 Aug. 212/2 (heading) Control of red spider (Tetranychus telarius) by phthalic glyceryl alkyd resin.

1945 Industr. & Engin. Chem. (Industr. ed.) 37 399 The important steps in determining phthalic reaction products.

2002 Asia Pulse (Nexis) 18 Dec. Nature and quantity of the products to be purchased : (i) Phthalic Resin Enamel Paint White 12,060 Liters.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	phthalic
释义	phthalicadj. Brit. /ˈ(f)θalɪk/, U.S. /ˈθælɪk/ Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: naphthalic adj. Etymology: Shortened < naphthalic adj., after French phtalique (in acide phtalique : A. Laurent 1842, in Revue scientifique et industrielle 6 76; shortened < naphtalique naphthalic adj.: see note). Compare German †Phtalinsäure phthalic acid (1842; now Phthalsäure).French acide phtalique was devised to replace the earlier name acide naphtalique (1836: see naphthalic adj.), after it was shown that the compound was not structurally related to naphthalene. Chemistry. I. Compounds. 1. a. phthalic anhydride n. the anhydride of phthalic acid (see sense 1b), a white bicyclic crystalline solid, C₆H₄(CO)₂O, which is made industrially by the catalytic oxidation of naphthalene or o-xylene, and is widely used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, dyes, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic acids > [noun] > carboxylic acids > functional derivatives phthalic anhydride1855 monoglyceride1860 trimellitic acid1872 picolinic acid1876 thioglycollic acid1877 tetra-icosoic acid1894 phosphatidic acid1927 sialic acid1952 thioctic acid1952 1855 W. Odling tr. A. Laurent Chem. Method 53 Thus we can obtain in a direct manner the..tartaric, camphoric, succinic, phthalic, &c., anhydrides. 1913 T. E. Thorpe Dict. Applied Chem. (ed. 2) IV. 251/2 Owing to the extensive use of phthalic anhydride in the manufacture of synthetic indigo..a cheap technical process for its preparation in large quantities was essential. 1945 H. Barron Mod. Plastics xxvii. 559 Glycerine and phthalic anhydride are the two most important constituents for alkyd resins. 1966 R. M. Stephenson Introd. Chem. Process Industries xvi. 329 About 459 million pounds of phthalic anhydride were produced in the United States in 1963. 1994 Independent on Sunday 28 Aug. (Business section) 6/8 Now the Biocomposites Centre in Bangor has found that a chemical called phthalic anhydride, produced in large quantities for the plastics industry, can be substituted in part for waterproof glue. b. phthalic acid n. (a) a solid dicarboxylic acid, C₆H₄(COOH)₂, originally produced by the oxidation of naphthalene with nitric acid or aqua regia; benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; (b) (in plural) the three isomeric acids of which this is the ortho form, the others being isophthalic acid (meta) and terephthalic acid (para). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic acids > [noun] > miscellaneous other organic acids melilithic acid1803 melanic acid1822 fulminic acid1824 sulphovinic acid1826 xanthic acid1831 alcoothionic acid1834 althionic acid1834 naphthalic acid1837 murexan1838 oxalhydric acid1838 pimelic acid1838 pyruvic acid1838 thionuric acid1838 glucic acid1840 sericic acid1841 anthranilic acid1842 acrylic acid1843 ulmin1843 rhoeadic acid1846 alizaric acid1848 thiacetic acid1854 fulminuric acid1855 phthalic acid1857 anchoic acid1858 graphitic acid1864 tropic acid1867 thymotic acid1868 octoic acid1881 nucleinic acid1893 polyphosphoric acid1895 hydnocarpic acid1905 glucuronic acid1909 octanoic acid1909 Reinecke acid1928 propenoic acid1948 lipoic acid1951 picloram1965 wyerone acid1970 1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. III. 575 Phthalic or Naphthalic Acid..is produced by the long-continued action of nitric acid upon naphthalin. 1869 Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. 665 Phthalic acid crystallizes in colorless plates. 1873 H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 11) 766 The xylenes..are converted into phthalic acids. 1955 B. C. L. Kemp Elem. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xxiv. 303 Among aromatic dibasic acids, we have already come across the three isomeric phthalic acids C₆H₄(COOH)₂ which may be obtained by oxidation of the corresponding xylenes. 1977 J. March Adv. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) xix. 1095 Aromatic rings can be cleaved with strong enough oxidizing agents... Examples are the oxidation of naphthalene to phthalic acid [etc.]. 2003 Soap Perfumery & Cosmetics (Nexis) 1 Mar. 119 The patent claims methods and compositions for increasing the sun protection factor of sunscreen emulsions by adding a phthalic acid derivative. II. General uses. 2. Of, relating to, or derived from phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride; having a chemical structure formally related to that of phthalic acid. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic acids > [adjective] > carboxylic acids > miscellaneous others uramilic acid1839 thioformic1857 phthalic1869 hexonic1894 fumaroid1895 malenoid1895 trigenic1941 1869 R. Bridges Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. 665 When heated, it loses a molecule of water, and leaves phthalic oxide. 1877 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 631 Phthalic ethers. 1886 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 50 455 By the oxidation of phthalic alcohol with chromic mixture, a thick, viscid oil is obtained containing phthalaldehyde, phthalide, and unaltered phthalic alcohol. 1941 Science 29 Aug. 212/2 (heading) Control of red spider (Tetranychus telarius) by phthalic glyceryl alkyd resin. 1945 Industr. & Engin. Chem. (Industr. ed.) 37 399 The important steps in determining phthalic reaction products. 2002 Asia Pulse (Nexis) 18 Dec. Nature and quantity of the products to be purchased : (i) Phthalic Resin Enamel Paint White 12,060 Liters. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1855
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