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单词 wright
释义

wrightn.1

Brit. /rʌɪt/, U.S. /raɪt/
Forms: α. Old English wyrhta, Northumbrian wyrihta, wyrihte, wyrchta, Old English–Middle English Kent. werhta; Middle English wirhta, wurhte, wuruhte. β. Old English wryhta, Middle English wruhte, wrihhte, wriht(e, wrihte, wryhte, wryht, (Middle English wryth, wrythe), Middle English wryȝt(e, wriȝt, Middle English–1500s wrighte (Middle English whright, wrigth, writh), Middle English–1500s wryght(e, Middle English– wright; Middle English wrichte, Middle English–1500s Scottish wrycht (1500s vrycht), Middle English–1600s, 1800s Scottish wricht (Middle English, 1800s vricht, 1800s wiricht); Middle English wreght, Middle English Scottish wrecht, 1500s Scottish wreicht, 1600s wreight, 1800s dialect wreeght. γ. Middle English wryte, northern write, 1800s northern dialect wreet ( whreet), reet.
Etymology: Old English wyrhta , wryhta , etc. (also gewyrhta ), = Old Frisian wrichta , Old Saxon wurhtio , -eo , Old High German wurhto (Middle High German (in combinations) wurhte , würhte , worhte ), < wurh- < Old Germanic *wur χ-, variant stem of *wurk- : see work v.
1.
a. An artificer or handicraftsman; esp. a constructive workman. Now archaic or dialect.eye-, glassen-, mill-, tile-wright: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > [noun] > manual worker > skilled worker or craftsman
wright?a695
craftyeOE
craftimanOE
craftmanc1275
wroughtc1275
master-mana1325
mister mana1325
craftsmana1382
man of craft1389
artificera1393
handcraftman?c1480
handcraftsman1485
mechanic1509
handcrafta1525
handicraftsman1530
artisana1538
handicraftmana1544
handicraft1547
artsman1551
artist1563
mechanician1570
tradesmana1591
mechanical1600
mechanist1606
Daedal?1614
blue apron1629
Daedalus1631
crafter1643
fitter1648
mystery-man1671
toolsman1821
fundi1860
tradie1912
craftspersona1917
α.
?a695 Laws of Ine lix, (Liebermann) I. 116 Mon sceal simle to beregafole agifan æt anum wyrhtan vi pund-wæga.
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark vi. 3 Ahne ðis is smið uel wyrihte, sunu Maries?
c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 318 God eac forði hi to~stencte, swa þæt he forgeaf ælcum ðæra wyrhtena seltcuð gereord.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 210 Þe caliz þe wes þrin imalt..walde he ȝef he cuðe speoken awarien..his wruchte honden.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10545 On aluisc smið..; he wes ihaten Wygar þe Witeȝe wurhte [c1300 Otho wrohte].
γ. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark, Introd. 3 Wundrande þæt lar & mæhto ðæs wrihtes sunu vel smiðes sunu.c1030 Rule St. Benet (Logeman) 2 Þam he..clypað his wryhtan [L. operarium].a1200 in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 204 And ic..bebeode ðat paðu mi meodes [sic] wrichte and Wlnoð min huscarl..on ðam minstre hersumian.1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xx. 137 Þe fyngres is ful hand, for failled thei here þombe,..Sholde no wryȝt [Ilchester MS. write] worche.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 325 Þis drithin..in his witte..all purueid His werc, als dos þe sotill wright.1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy ii. 497 He made seke in euery regioun..For euery wriȝt and passyng carpenter.1715 G. Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig. (ed. 2) i. vi. 324 Being rapt into admiration of the infinite Wisdom of the Divine Architect, and contemning the arrogant Pretences of the World and Animal Wrights.1848 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 3) 207 Upon that central shrine..Laid down..The scribe, and the physician, and the wright His several offering.1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Wreeghts, or Wrights,..work-people in general.
b. Applied to the Deity, = creator n. 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > [noun] > creator
wrightc888
lightOE
sheppendOE
sheppera1175
wroughtc1275
creatorc1300
shaper1303
maker1340
workera1382
authora1413
workman1440
workmaster1531
artificer?1555
re-creator1587
architector1639
architect1659
enlivener1663
God almighty1787
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (ad fin.) Drihten ælmihtiga God, wyrhta & wealdend ealra gesceafta.
OE Phoenix 9 Ænlic is þæt iglond, æþele se wyrhta, modig, meahtum spedig, se þa moldan gesette.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 18780 Þatt all þatt shaffte þatt wass wrohht. Wass lif inn himm þe wrihhte.
a1200 St. Marher. 20 Þu wisest wruhte of alle, markedest eorðe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 331 Þis wright þat i spek of here..wroght bath erth and heuen.
2. One who does or performs something; a doer or worker. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > one who acts or does
wright971
doer1382
workerc1384
actorc1425
performerc1443
factor1461
committer1509
accomplisher1538
setter1548
enurer1556
performancer1621
commissioner1651
facienta1670
performant1809
enactor1837
transactor1863
971 Blickl. Hom. 111 Forðon þe nan wyrhta ne mæg god weorc wyrcean for Gode buton lufon & geleafan.
OE Genesis 1004 Him ða se cystleasa cwealmes wyrhta ædre æfter þon andswarode.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 191 At tese fif gaten fareð in deaðes wrihte, and þerinne doð.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7495 Yon es a stalworth batail wright.
3. One who works in wood; a carpenter, a joiner.From c1470 to c1655 chiefly Scottish and northern; in later use only Scottish and northern dialect (or archaic). The Sc. pronunciation is /(w)rɪxt/, north-eastern /vrɪxt/. cart-wright, house-wright, plough-wright, ship-wright, timber-wright, wagon-wright, wain-wright, wheel-wright: see those words.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > woodworker > [noun]
wrighta1200
woodworkman1659
woodwright1867
woodworker1875
woodman1879
α.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8469 He lette axien anan..gode wurhten [c1300 Otho wrohtes] þe mid æxe cuðe wurchen.
β. a1200 Vices & Virtues 27 Wið-uten..ðe wrihte his timber to keruen after ðare mone.a1300 Cursor Mundi 1666 A schippe be-houes þe to dight, Þi self sal be þe maister wright.1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 9163 He ded come wryȝtes [gloss. carponters] for to make Coueryng ouer hem.c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 19 Joseph was a forgere of trees, þat is to seie a wriȝte.c1450 Northern Passion 161/461 Than wantide the wryghtis a tre.1464 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1883) II. 372 To the wright..to make the Pillorye, v s.1566 T. Drant tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. Dviij The wryghte vncertaine what to make, A stoole or God of me.1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 41/1 in Chron. I He sawe yet howe the rest [of the ships]..might bee repaired: wherefore he chose forth wrightes among the Legions.a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. i. §8. 193 As we may..see, in Platoes fore-named instances of his Smithes, and his Wrights.1654 Z. Coke Art of Logick 64 This Ship-wright..makes the Ship, not as he is a man or good, but as he is a Wreight or Artizen.1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd v. iii Masons and wrights shall soon my house repair.1782 J. Sinclair Observ. Sc. Dial. 198 Wright, at present, is a general name for timber workmen;..but the Scots, by wrights, mean carpenters.1829 T. Carlyle German Playwrights in Crit. & Misc. Ess. ⁋1 The millwright, or cartwright, or any other wright whatever.1858 Times 6 Mar. 12/3 At Hull..about 500 wrights are on strike.1887 W. Morris tr. Homer Odyssey I. ix. 151 Nor yet among them ever ship-making wrights there are.figurative.a1200 Vices & Virtues 91 Hier is igadered swilch timber ðe næure rotien ne mai, and þis derewurðe mihte is wrihte ðerover.Sc. proverbial.1670 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Prov. 227 He is not the best wright that hewes the maniest speals.γ. c1440 York Myst. xxxvii. 230 Thy fadir knewe I wele be sight, He was a write his mette to wynne.c1460 Promptorium Parvulorum (Winch.) Wryte, or carpentare, carpentarius.1463 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 230 A wryte that mayd my mastyrys stabyle.1824– in N. Cy., Nhb., Dur., Yks., and Lanc. glossaries (reet).1841 C. H. Hartshorne Salopia Antiqua 618 Wreet's shop a carpenter's, or more frequently a Wheelwright's shop.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations, as wright-craft, †wright-house, wright-smith.
ΚΠ
1385–6 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 391 [Le] Wrigthous et le Plomberhous.
a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. i. §8. 193 One Arte, of Wright-Craft; and one Arte, of Smiths-Craft.
?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 56 Wheelwright. Wrightsmith.
C2.
wright-garth n. Obsolete a joiner's yard.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > places for working with specific materials > place for working with wood > [noun] > joiner's yard
wright-garth1474
1474–5 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 94 Le Wrightgarth et Swynegarth.
wright-work n. work performed or done by a joiner.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > [noun]
tree-workc1275
carpentry1377
wrightinga1500
wrightrya1500
carpenter-work?1553
carpentership1574
wright-work1630
chipping trade1792
carpentering1838
woodcraft1853
woodworking1872
axemanship1893
woodwork1913
1630 Ann. Banff (New Spalding Club) I. 64 Ane load of wricht wark 2 s.
1671 in R. Holmes Pontefract Bk. Entries (1882) 103 Item, for wrightworke, [£5].

Derivatives

ˈwrightry n. Obsolete = wrighting n. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > [noun]
tree-workc1275
carpentry1377
wrightinga1500
wrightrya1500
carpenter-work?1553
carpentership1574
wright-work1630
chipping trade1792
carpentering1838
woodcraft1853
woodworking1872
axemanship1893
woodwork1913
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iii. 36 Now assay will I How I can of wrightry.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

wrightn.2

Forms: In Middle English wriht, Middle English Orm. wrihht.
Etymology: Middle English reduction of *i-wriht, Old English gewyrht: see i-wurht n.
Obsolete.
Desert, what one has deserved; hence, blame, fault.
ΘΠ
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [noun] > deserving (good or ill) > that which is deserved
i-wurhtc888
addlingc1175
wrightc1175
meritc1230
desert1393
demerit1399
condignity1653
comeuppance1859
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 69 Crist us ȝeue of him mihte; betere þenne we habbeð wrihte.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 8240 He wass flemmd. & drifenn ut. All affterr hise wrihhte.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 202 To þolenn dæþþ o rode tre Sacclæs wiþþ utenn wrihhte.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 217 Ich triste þat he [sc. God] nele neng [don ?] bi mine wrihte.

Derivatives

ˈwrightful adj. Obsolete having deserved something.
ΘΠ
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [adjective] > deserving (good or ill)
wurtheeOE
worthc1175
wrightfula1325
worthy1340
dignec1386
condigna1513
meritorious1561
meriting1605
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2204 Wrigtful we in sorwe ben, For we sinigeden quilum.
ˈwrightlesslike adv. Obsolete undeservedly.
ΘΠ
society > morality > dueness or propriety > moral impropriety > [adverb] > undeservedly or undeservingly
wrightlesslikea1325
unworthilya1340
undeservingly1552
undeserved?c1570
indignly1593
undeservedly1603
desertlessly1619
unmeritingly1621
unmeritedly1635
deservelessly1654
immeritoriously1675
unmeritoriously1799
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2076 Ic am stolen of kinde lond, And her wrigteleslike holden in bond.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

wrightv.

Brit. /rʌɪt/, U.S. /raɪt/
Forms: Also Middle English wrihte, 1800s north-eastern Scottish vricht.
Etymology: < wright n.1, or wrighting n.
1. transitive. To build, construct. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > build or construct [verb (transitive)]
timbera900
workOE
betimberOE
craftOE
buildc1275
lifta1300
stagec1330
upraise1338
wright1338
edifya1340
to make outa1382
to make upa1382
biga1400
housea1400
risea1400
telda1400–50
to work upa1450
redress1481
levy1495
upmake1507
upbuild1513
exstruct?c1550
construct1663
to run up1686
practise1739
to lay up1788
elevate1798
to put up1818
to lay down1851
practicate1851
1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 88 At London, a haule he did vp wright.
1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 321 A brigge he suld do wrihte.
2. To repair (a ship); to renovate, mend.Perhaps an error for righted: see right v. 11c.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > build a ship [verb (transitive)] > repair ship
wrighta1656
recruit1691
a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) 391 Having there new wrighted up such ships of his as had been..bruised in the fight.
3. intransitive. To pursue the occupation of a wright. Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > work with wood [verb (intransitive)]
carpentera1817
wright1886
1886 W. Gregor Dial. Banffshire 204.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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