beholdv.

/bɪˈhəʊld/

Forms: Past tense beheld. Past participle beheld, archaic beholden. Chief forms: infinitive Old English–Middle English biheald-an, Middle English bihelden, Middle English bihald-e(n, Middle English biholde(n, 1500s– behold. indicative present 3rd singular Middle English bihalt. past tense Old English–Middle English beheold, behield, beheld, behuld, beheild, beheeld, Middle English– beheld, (Middle English beholded). past participle Middle English bihalden, Middle English– beholden, Middle English beholde, 1600s– beheld, (Middle English behelded, beholdyd, Middle English–1500s beholded). For other forms see hold v.

Etymology: Old English bihaldan (West Saxon behealdan ), identical with Old Saxon bihaldan , Old Frisian bihalda , Old High German bihaltan , modern German behalten , Dutch behouden , < bi- be- prefix 2 + haldan , healdan to hold v. The application to watching, looking, is confined to English.

I. To hold by, keep, observe, regard, look.

†1.

a. transitive. To hold by, keep hold of, retain. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > observe [verb (transitive)] > an opinion, belief, etc.

beholdOE

OE Genesis 366 Þæt me is sorga mæst, þæt Adam sceal..minne stronglican stol behealdan.

c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 384 Men that biholden [MS. E holden] bileve of Crist.

1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. lxiv. [lxix] 222 Euery man behelde the same oppynyon.

b. intransitive (for reflexive). To hold, keep to.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > observe, adhere, or keep a promise [verb (intransitive)]

to make (hold, pay, keep, yield or break) a vowc1290

beholda1400

to hold touch (also the touches)c1400

faithc1410

withholda1450

to keep touch1541

adherec1550

as good as one's word (also promise)c1560

inhere1563

watch1608

maximize1875

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) 9483 To quas seruis straitly he bi-held.

†2. transitive. To hold by some tie of duty or obligation, to retain as a client or person in duty bound. Found only in the past participle beholden adj.

†3. (a) intransitive. To hold on by, appertain or belong to. (b) transitive. To pertain, relate or belong to, to concern. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > relate to [verb (transitive)] > concern or refer to

beholda1067

atrinea1250

toucha1325

concernc1400

refera1538

to have respect to (formerly also unto)1542

respect1543

import?1560

regard1605

cerna1616

interest1638

the world > relative properties > relationship > relevance or pertinence > [verb (intransitive)]

belimpOE

beholda1067

belielOE

pertaina1325

pendc1330

appendc1386

appertainc1386

holdc1430

pretenda1470

recorda1500

depend1525

extenda1533

inherea1628

to make to ——1645

apply1741

a1067 Chart. Eadweard in Cod. Dipl. IV. 214 God eów gehealde and alle ðe ðat beholde intó ðáre hálagen stowe.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 65 Þe pater noster bihalt me noht, bute ic þis habbe in mi þoht.

a1250 Moral Ode 156 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 31 Al hit hanged and bihalt bi þisse twam worde.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 45 Ech of hem [sc. gouernauncis] whiche biholden the making and the vsing of the seid newe sacramentis.

†4. transitive. To hold or contain by way of purport or signification, to signify, mean. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > mean [verb (transitive)]

meaneOE

beholdc1175

spele?c1225

bemeana1300

amountc1300

willa1382

import1425

employ1528

intend?c1530

would say1564

understand1617

spella1661

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 13408 We muȝhenn sen whatt itt bihallt.

a1225 St. Marher. 7 Whet bihalt,..þat tu ne buhest to me?

†5. transitive. To hold in regard, keep, observe (commands, appointed days, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > carrying out > observance or carrying out a promise, law, etc. > observe or carry out a promise, law, etc. [verb (transitive)]

behold971

i-haldOE

yemec1000

usec1300

observec1391

savea1393

conservec1425

keep1479

the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > observe [verb (transitive)]

yieldc825

behold971

hold971

keepc1000

at-holdc1175

takec1300

spare1387

observec1391

to stand by ——c1405

to stick by ——a1530

to stand to ——1537

971 Blickl. Hom. 11 Symle bliþe mode Godes beboda utan we behealdan.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (1865) I. 243 þe Romaynes..byhelde þilke dayes and wrouȝt nouȝt þilke dayes.

†6.

a. transitive. To regard (with the mind), have regard to, attend to, consider.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > attention > take notice of, heed [verb (transitive)]

yemec897

understandc1000

beseea1225

heeda1225

bihedec1250

tentc1330

to look into ——c1350

rewardc1350

undertakea1382

considerc1385

recorda1393

behold?a1400

receivea1425

advertc1425

attend1432

advertise?a1439

regard1526

respect1543

eye?c1550

mind1559

panse1559

to take knowledge of1566

to consider of1569

suspect1590

pass1609

matter1652

watch1676

a1000 Ags. Ps. lx. 1 Beheald min gebed.

c1300 Beket 760 Al this (ho so riȝt bihalth) thu gynnest forth to drawe.

?a1400 Cato Major. ii. xxv Ende and biginnynge of þe werk Boþe þou hem bi-holde.

b. intransitive. To give attention or regard, have regard unto, to. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > attention > be attentive, pay attention to [verb (intransitive)]

lookeOE

reckOE

heedOE

turna1200

beseec1200

yeme?c1225

to care forc1230

hearkenc1230

tendc1330

tentc1330

hangc1340

rewarda1382

behold1382

convert1413

advertc1425

lotec1425

resortc1450

advertise1477

mark1526

regard1526

pass1548

anchor1557

eye1592

attend1678

mind1768

face1863

c825 Vesp. Ps. lx. 1 Bihald to gebede minum.

a1300 E.E. Psalter lxi. 1 Unto mi bede bihald þou.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. iv. 5 The Lord bihelde to Abel and to his ȝiftis.

7. transitive.

a. To hold or keep in view, to watch; to regard or contemplate with the eyes; to look upon, look at (implying active voluntary exercise of the faculty of vision). archaic. This has passed imperceptibly into the resulting passive sensation:

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] > look at or behold

to look to ——eOE

showeOE

lookeOE

lookOE

behold971

beseec1000

seeOE

to see on ——OE

yseeOE

belookc1175

to look against ——c1225

to lay eyes onc1230

biwaita1250

holde1303

aseea1325

to see upon ——a1350

rewardc1350

to look of ——?c1400

eyea1425

visage1450

aviewa1513

gove1513

regard1523

to look unto ——1545

respect1567

survise1600

aspect1610

reflect1611

inspeculate1694

spectate1709

to look for ——1786

deek1825

lookit1908

lamp1916

971 Blickl. Hom. 11 Englas hie georne beheoldan.

a1200 Trin. Hom. 29 Þe wimman bihalt hire sheawere and cumeð hire shadewe þaronne.

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 1323 On ape mai a boc bi-halde, An leves wenden.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 290 Behald þe sune and þou mai se.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xiv. 225 The maiden hym be-heilde moche, and he her.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. (1812) I. 423 They brought him to the princis..who behelde hym right fersly and felly.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 447/1 To se an olde ryddylled queene to beholde herselfe in a glasse.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. A2 Beholding you not with the inquisitiue eye of presumption.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1080 How shall I behold the face Henceforth of God or Angel, earst with joy And rapture so oft beheld?

1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads 291 And when enough beholden them he had.

1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. i. 553 From far Behold the Field.

b. To receive the impression of (anything) through the eyes, to see: the ordinary current sense. (It is not easy to show the beginning of sense 7b, as nearly all the early instances have some suggestion of the former: the earlier quotations under 7b must therefore be treated as merely introductory.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)]

seeOE

to see with (also at) eyeOE

yseeOE

bihowec1000

ofseeOE

thorough-seeOE

beholdc1175

bihedec1275

heedc1275

witec1320

conceivea1398

observe1560

view?1570

eye1582

oculate1609

survey1615

snilch1676

deek1825

peep1954

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 177 He muwen ben of-drad þe hine sculleð bi-helde.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 84 He biheold hu hise deciples fluȝen alle from him.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxiv. 64 Rebecca, Isaac biholdyd, descendide of the camel.

1483 Cath. Angl. 26/1 To behalde: asspicere casu.

1565 T. Stapleton Fortresse of Faith f. 56 And such as haue not heard haue yet beholded.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 11 I neuer yet beheld that speciall face, Which I could fancie.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 117 On Winter Seas we fewer Storms behold .

1850 E. B. Browning Poems (new ed.) I. 90 These are stars beholden By your eyes in Eden.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §16. 109 Anything more exquisite I had never beheld.

†8. intransitive. To look. Const. with various adverbs and prepositions. Obsolete (except as absolute use of 7.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (intransitive)] > look or behold

belookeOE

lookeOE

beseec1000

stareOE

showOE

beholdc1175

seec1225

heedc1275

witec1320

advisec1325

to see to ——a1375

rewarda1382

to cast an eye, glance, lookc1385

blush?a1400

glift?a1400

visea1400

considerc1400

vizy1513

regard1523

spectate1709

to have a see1839

look-see1862

vision1898

screw1905

shufti1943

to take (or have) a shufti1943

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 133 Bihald he seide up to heouene.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 153 Bi-hold up to heuene and tel þe sterres.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. i. 14 Esteward ich byhulde · after þe sonne.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 809 Hys face..Þat watz so fayr on to byholde.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 155 Thanne wolde she..pitously in to the See biholde.

a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) ii. f. ccx^v/2 The holy fader..beholdynge vpon hym.

1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. iii^v Beholde vnto the shore.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. iii. 33 Come downe, behold no more.

1634 Malory's Arthur (1816) II. 95 They took their horses, and beheld about them.

1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc vi. 277 The Maiden's host beheld.

†9.

a. intransitive. To look or face (as a building) against or to (a direction).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > point or lie in a direction [verb (intransitive)] > have specific aspect

beholda1382

look?1440

stand?1473

turn1535

prospect1555

spect1585

face1638

point1859

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Song of Sol. vii. 4 The tour of Liban that beholdith aȝen Damasch.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 280 At the see that biholdith to the west.

b. transitive. To face. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > direct [verb (transitive)] > face a direction

front1523

prospect1555

face1567

behold1593

head1610

frontage1914

1593 T. Fale Horologiographia f. 8 Let the arke behold the South.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 209 The Land is high..chiefly where it beholds the Sea.

1703 Moxon's Mech. Dyalling (ed. 4) in Moxon's Mech. Exercises (new ed.) 310 The South Erect..whose Plane..directly beholds the South.

†10. transitive. To look upon, view, consider as (something); to consider or hold in a certain capacity.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expectation, waiting > wait for, await [verb (transitive)]

bidec950

keepc1000

abideOE

i-kepe?c1225

lookc1225

bidea1300

sustainc1350

await1393

remainc1455

tarry?a1475

attenda1513

expect1536

to stay on1540

watch1578

remain1585

staya1586

to stay for ——1602

tend1604

to bide upona1616

behold1642

prestolate1653

expecta1664

wait1746

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > consider to be, account as

telleOE

talec897

seeOE

letc1000

holdc1200

reckon1340

aima1382

accounta1387

counta1387

judgec1390

takea1400

countc1400

receivec1400

existimatec1430

to look on ——?c1430

makec1440

reputea1449

suppose1474

treatc1485

determinea1513

recount?c1525

esteem1526

believe1533

estimate?1533

ascribe1535

consider1539

regard1547

count1553

to look upon ——1553

take1561

reck1567

eye?1593

censure1597

subscribe1600

perhibit1613

behold1642

resent1642

attributea1657

fancy1662

vogue1675

decount1762

to put down1788

to set down1798

rate1854

have1867

mean1878

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 344 To behold himselfe the true bread and..water of life.

1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iii. 357 It is beheld in Scripture as most solemn and of highest importance.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Leic. 125 Though Beans be generally beheld, but as horse and hog-graine.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Northampt. 308 He is beheld one of the first Merchants.

†II. Senses apparently derived from hold v. at a later period. Only in Sc. Obsolete. (Some of these are doubtful.)

†11.

a. intransitive. To ‘hold,’ stop, wait.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)]

i-swikec893

swikec897

atwindc1000

linOE

studegieOE

stintc1175

letc1200

stuttea1225

leavec1225

astint1250

doc1300

finec1300

blina1325

cease1330

stable1377

resta1382

ho1390

to say or cry ho1390

resta1398

astartc1400

discontinuec1425

surcease1428

to let offc1450

resista1475

finish1490

to lay a straw?a1505

to give over1526

succease1551

to put (also pack) up one's pipes1556

end1557

to stay (one's own or another's) hand1560

stick1574

stay1576

to draw bridle1577

to draw rein1577

to set down one's rest1589

overgive1592

absist1614

subsista1639

beholdc1650

unbridle1653

to knock offa1657

acquiesce1659

to set (up) one's rest1663

sista1676

stop1689

to draw rein1725

subside1734

remit1765

to let up1787

to wind (up) one's pirna1835

to cry crack1888

to shut off1896

to pack in1906

to close down1921

to pack up1925

to sign off1929

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 176 Thay beheld, bot keipit still the feildis.

1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 21 (Jam.) ‘That's true,’ quo' she, ‘but we'll behad a wee.’

†b. transitive. ‘To await’ (Jamieson).

ΚΠ

1638 R. Baillie Let. 27 Feb. (1841) I. 41 To behold the event of that meeting.

1639 Act Chas. I, Addit. (1814) V. 665 (Jam.) To behold the treattie with the commissioneris.

†12. transitive. ‘To connive at, take no notice of’ (Jamieson).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > allow to pass unnoticed

to look through ——OE

to let (something) overpassa1375

overpassa1382

unseea1395

forgoa1400

balkc1440

dissimulea1450

pass?c1475

dissemblea1500

dissimulatea1533

to wink at1535

nod1607

connive1641

beholdc1650

to wink against1653

to shut one's eyes to (also against, on)a1711

blink1742

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 189 To wnderstand if his lordschip wold behold thame, or if he wold raiss forcess aganes thame.

†13. ‘To permit’ (Jamieson).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > permit [verb (transitive)]

thave835

unneeOE

levec897

forletc900

i-thavec900

i-unneeOE

allowa1393

licensec1400

admit1418

sustainc1425

usea1450

permit1473

permise1481

withganga1500

tolerate1533

intermit?c1550

licentiate1575

'low1587

dispense1646

beholdc1650

warrant1662

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 147 Thay..desyrit his lordschip, out of love..that he wold be pleissit to behald thame to go on, vtheruayes thay war making sic preparatioun that thay wold cum, and micht not be resisted.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	behold
释义	beholdv. /bɪˈhəʊld/ Forms: Past tense beheld. Past participle beheld, archaic beholden. Chief forms: infinitive Old English–Middle English biheald-an, Middle English bihelden, Middle English bihald-e(n, Middle English biholde(n, 1500s– behold. indicative present 3rd singular Middle English bihalt. past tense Old English–Middle English beheold, behield, beheld, behuld, beheild, beheeld, Middle English– beheld, (Middle English beholded). past participle Middle English bihalden, Middle English– beholden, Middle English beholde, 1600s– beheld, (Middle English behelded, beholdyd, Middle English–1500s beholded). For other forms see hold v. Etymology: Old English bihaldan (West Saxon behealdan ), identical with Old Saxon bihaldan , Old Frisian bihalda , Old High German bihaltan , modern German behalten , Dutch behouden , < bi- be- prefix 2 + haldan , healdan to hold v. The application to watching, looking, is confined to English. I. To hold by, keep, observe, regard, look. †1. a. transitive. To hold by, keep hold of, retain. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > observe [verb (transitive)] > an opinion, belief, etc. beholdOE OE Genesis 366 Þæt me is sorga mæst, þæt Adam sceal..minne stronglican stol behealdan. c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 384 Men that biholden [MS. E holden] bileve of Crist. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. lxiv. [lxix] 222 Euery man behelde the same oppynyon. b. intransitive (for reflexive). To hold, keep to. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > observe, adhere, or keep a promise [verb (intransitive)] to make (hold, pay, keep, yield or break) a vowc1290 beholda1400 to hold touch (also the touches)c1400 faithc1410 withholda1450 to keep touch1541 adherec1550 as good as one's word (also promise)c1560 inhere1563 watch1608 maximize1875 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) 9483 To quas seruis straitly he bi-held. †2. transitive. To hold by some tie of duty or obligation, to retain as a client or person in duty bound. Found only in the past participle beholden adj. †3. (a) intransitive. To hold on by, appertain or belong to. (b) transitive. To pertain, relate or belong to, to concern. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > relate to [verb (transitive)] > concern or refer to beholda1067 atrinea1250 toucha1325 concernc1400 refera1538 to have respect to (formerly also unto)1542 respect1543 import?1560 regard1605 cerna1616 interest1638 the world > relative properties > relationship > relevance or pertinence > [verb (intransitive)] belimpOE beholda1067 belielOE pertaina1325 pendc1330 appendc1386 appertainc1386 holdc1430 pretenda1470 recorda1500 depend1525 extenda1533 inherea1628 to make to ——1645 apply1741 a1067 Chart. Eadweard in Cod. Dipl. IV. 214 God eów gehealde and alle ðe ðat beholde intó ðáre hálagen stowe. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 65 Þe pater noster bihalt me noht, bute ic þis habbe in mi þoht. a1250 Moral Ode 156 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 31 Al hit hanged and bihalt bi þisse twam worde. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 45 Ech of hem [sc. gouernauncis] whiche biholden the making and the vsing of the seid newe sacramentis. †4. transitive. To hold or contain by way of purport or signification, to signify, mean. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > mean [verb (transitive)] meaneOE beholdc1175 spele?c1225 bemeana1300 amountc1300 willa1382 import1425 employ1528 intend?c1530 would say1564 understand1617 spella1661 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 13408 We muȝhenn sen whatt itt bihallt. a1225 St. Marher. 7 Whet bihalt,..þat tu ne buhest to me? †5. transitive. To hold in regard, keep, observe (commands, appointed days, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > observance or carrying out a promise, law, etc. > observe or carry out a promise, law, etc. [verb (transitive)] behold971 i-haldOE yemec1000 usec1300 observec1391 savea1393 conservec1425 keep1479 the mind > language > speech > agreement > observance > observe [verb (transitive)] yieldc825 behold971 hold971 keepc1000 at-holdc1175 takec1300 spare1387 observec1391 to stand by ——c1405 to stick by ——a1530 to stand to ——1537 971 Blickl. Hom. 11 Symle bliþe mode Godes beboda utan we behealdan. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (1865) I. 243 þe Romaynes..byhelde þilke dayes and wrouȝt nouȝt þilke dayes. †6. a. transitive. To regard (with the mind), have regard to, attend to, consider. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > attention > take notice of, heed [verb (transitive)] yemec897 understandc1000 beseea1225 heeda1225 bihedec1250 tentc1330 to look into ——c1350 rewardc1350 undertakea1382 considerc1385 recorda1393 behold?a1400 receivea1425 advertc1425 attend1432 advertise?a1439 regard1526 respect1543 eye?c1550 mind1559 panse1559 to take knowledge of1566 to consider of1569 suspect1590 pass1609 matter1652 watch1676 a1000 Ags. Ps. lx. 1 Beheald min gebed. c1300 Beket 760 Al this (ho so riȝt bihalth) thu gynnest forth to drawe. ?a1400 Cato Major. ii. xxv Ende and biginnynge of þe werk Boþe þou hem bi-holde. b. intransitive. To give attention or regard, have regard unto, to. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > attention > be attentive, pay attention to [verb (intransitive)] lookeOE reckOE heedOE turna1200 beseec1200 yeme?c1225 to care forc1230 hearkenc1230 tendc1330 tentc1330 hangc1340 rewarda1382 behold1382 convert1413 advertc1425 lotec1425 resortc1450 advertise1477 mark1526 regard1526 pass1548 anchor1557 eye1592 attend1678 mind1768 face1863 c825 Vesp. Ps. lx. 1 Bihald to gebede minum. a1300 E.E. Psalter lxi. 1 Unto mi bede bihald þou. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. iv. 5 The Lord bihelde to Abel and to his ȝiftis. 7. transitive. a. To hold or keep in view, to watch; to regard or contemplate with the eyes; to look upon, look at (implying active voluntary exercise of the faculty of vision). archaic. This has passed imperceptibly into the resulting passive sensation: ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] > look at or behold to look to ——eOE showeOE lookeOE lookOE behold971 beseec1000 seeOE to see on ——OE yseeOE yseeOE belookc1175 to look against ——c1225 to lay eyes onc1230 biwaita1250 holde1303 aseea1325 to see upon ——a1350 rewardc1350 to look of ——?c1400 eyea1425 visage1450 aviewa1513 gove1513 regard1523 to look unto ——1545 respect1567 survise1600 aspect1610 reflect1611 inspeculate1694 spectate1709 to look for ——1786 deek1825 lookit1908 lamp1916 971 Blickl. Hom. 11 Englas hie georne beheoldan. a1200 Trin. Hom. 29 Þe wimman bihalt hire sheawere and cumeð hire shadewe þaronne. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 1323 On ape mai a boc bi-halde, An leves wenden. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 290 Behald þe sune and þou mai se. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xiv. 225 The maiden hym be-heilde moche, and he her. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. (1812) I. 423 They brought him to the princis..who behelde hym right fersly and felly. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 447/1 To se an olde ryddylled queene to beholde herselfe in a glasse. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. A2 Beholding you not with the inquisitiue eye of presumption. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1080 How shall I behold the face Henceforth of God or Angel, earst with joy And rapture so oft beheld? View more context for this quotation 1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads 291 And when enough beholden them he had. 1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. i. 553 From far Behold the Field. b. To receive the impression of (anything) through the eyes, to see: the ordinary current sense. (It is not easy to show the beginning of sense 7b, as nearly all the early instances have some suggestion of the former: the earlier quotations under 7b must therefore be treated as merely introductory.) ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] seeOE to see with (also at) eyeOE yseeOE bihowec1000 ofseeOE thorough-seeOE beholdc1175 bihedec1275 heedc1275 witec1320 conceivea1398 observe1560 view?1570 eye1582 oculate1609 survey1615 snilch1676 deek1825 peep1954 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 177 He muwen ben of-drad þe hine sculleð bi-helde. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 84 He biheold hu hise deciples fluȝen alle from him. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxiv. 64 Rebecca, Isaac biholdyd, descendide of the camel. 1483 Cath. Angl. 26/1 To behalde: asspicere casu. 1565 T. Stapleton Fortresse of Faith f. 56 And such as haue not heard haue yet beholded. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 11 I neuer yet beheld that speciall face, Which I could fancie. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 117 On Winter Seas we fewer Storms behold . View more context for this quotation 1850 E. B. Browning Poems (new ed.) I. 90 These are stars beholden By your eyes in Eden. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §16. 109 Anything more exquisite I had never beheld. †8. intransitive. To look. Const. with various adverbs and prepositions. Obsolete (except as absolute use of 7.) ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (intransitive)] > look or behold belookeOE lookeOE beseec1000 stareOE showOE beholdc1175 seec1225 heedc1275 witec1320 advisec1325 to see to ——a1375 rewarda1382 to cast an eye, glance, lookc1385 blush?a1400 glift?a1400 visea1400 considerc1400 vizy1513 regard1523 spectate1709 to have a see1839 look-see1862 vision1898 screw1905 shufti1943 to take (or have) a shufti1943 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 133 Bihald he seide up to heouene. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 153 Bi-hold up to heuene and tel þe sterres. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. i. 14 Esteward ich byhulde · after þe sonne. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 809 Hys face..Þat watz so fayr on to byholde. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 155 Thanne wolde she..pitously in to the See biholde. a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) ii. f. ccx^v/2 The holy fader..beholdynge vpon hym. 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. iii^v Beholde vnto the shore. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. iii. 33 Come downe, behold no more. View more context for this quotation 1634 Malory's Arthur (1816) II. 95 They took their horses, and beheld about them. 1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc vi. 277 The Maiden's host beheld. †9. a. intransitive. To look or face (as a building) against or to (a direction). ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > point or lie in a direction [verb (intransitive)] > have specific aspect beholda1382 look?1440 stand?1473 turn1535 prospect1555 spect1585 face1638 point1859 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Song of Sol. vii. 4 The tour of Liban that beholdith aȝen Damasch. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 280 At the see that biholdith to the west. b. transitive. To face. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > direct [verb (transitive)] > face a direction front1523 prospect1555 face1567 behold1593 head1610 frontage1914 1593 T. Fale Horologiographia f. 8 Let the arke behold the South. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 209 The Land is high..chiefly where it beholds the Sea. 1703 Moxon's Mech. Dyalling (ed. 4) in Moxon's Mech. Exercises (new ed.) 310 The South Erect..whose Plane..directly beholds the South. †10. transitive. To look upon, view, consider as (something); to consider or hold in a certain capacity. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expectation, waiting > wait for, await [verb (transitive)] bidec950 keepc1000 abideOE i-kepe?c1225 lookc1225 bidea1300 sustainc1350 await1393 remainc1455 tarry?a1475 attenda1513 expect1536 to stay on1540 watch1578 remain1585 staya1586 to stay for ——1602 tend1604 to bide upona1616 behold1642 prestolate1653 expecta1664 wait1746 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > consider to be, account as telleOE talec897 seeOE letc1000 holdc1200 reckon1340 aima1382 accounta1387 counta1387 judgec1390 takea1400 countc1400 receivec1400 existimatec1430 to look on ——?c1430 makec1440 reputea1449 suppose1474 treatc1485 determinea1513 recount?c1525 esteem1526 believe1533 estimate?1533 ascribe1535 consider1539 regard1547 count1553 to look upon ——1553 take1561 reck1567 eye?1593 censure1597 subscribe1600 perhibit1613 behold1642 resent1642 attributea1657 fancy1662 vogue1675 decount1762 to put down1788 to set down1798 rate1854 have1867 mean1878 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 344 To behold himselfe the true bread and..water of life. 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iii. 357 It is beheld in Scripture as most solemn and of highest importance. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Leic. 125 Though Beans be generally beheld, but as horse and hog-graine. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Northampt. 308 He is beheld one of the first Merchants. †II. Senses apparently derived from hold v. at a later period. Only in Sc. Obsolete. (Some of these are doubtful.) †11. a. intransitive. To ‘hold,’ stop, wait. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease activity [verb (intransitive)] i-swikec893 swikec897 atwindc1000 linOE studegieOE stintc1175 letc1200 stuttea1225 leavec1225 astint1250 doc1300 finec1300 blina1325 cease1330 stable1377 resta1382 ho1390 to say or cry ho1390 resta1398 astartc1400 discontinuec1425 surcease1428 to let offc1450 resista1475 finish1490 to lay a straw?a1505 to give over1526 succease1551 to put (also pack) up one's pipes1556 end1557 to stay (one's own or another's) hand1560 stick1574 stay1576 to draw bridle1577 to draw rein1577 to set down one's rest1589 overgive1592 absist1614 subsista1639 beholdc1650 unbridle1653 to knock offa1657 acquiesce1659 to set (up) one's rest1663 sista1676 stop1689 to draw rein1725 subside1734 remit1765 to let up1787 to wind (up) one's pirna1835 to cry crack1888 to shut off1896 to pack in1906 to close down1921 to pack up1925 to sign off1929 c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 176 Thay beheld, bot keipit still the feildis. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 21 (Jam.) ‘That's true,’ quo' she, ‘but we'll behad a wee.’ †b. transitive. ‘To await’ (Jamieson). ΚΠ 1638 R. Baillie Let. 27 Feb. (1841) I. 41 To behold the event of that meeting. 1639 Act Chas. I, Addit. (1814) V. 665 (Jam.) To behold the treattie with the commissioneris. †12. transitive. ‘To connive at, take no notice of’ (Jamieson). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > allow to pass unnoticed to look through ——OE to let (something) overpassa1375 overpassa1382 unseea1395 forgoa1400 balkc1440 dissimulea1450 pass?c1475 dissemblea1500 dissimulatea1533 to wink at1535 nod1607 connive1641 beholdc1650 to wink against1653 to shut one's eyes to (also against, on)a1711 blink1742 c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 189 To wnderstand if his lordschip wold behold thame, or if he wold raiss forcess aganes thame. †13. ‘To permit’ (Jamieson). ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > permit [verb (transitive)] thave835 unneeOE levec897 forletc900 i-thavec900 i-unneeOE allowa1393 licensec1400 admit1418 sustainc1425 usea1450 permit1473 permise1481 withganga1500 tolerate1533 intermit?c1550 licentiate1575 'low1587 dispense1646 beholdc1650 warrant1662 c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 147 Thay..desyrit his lordschip, out of love..that he wold be pleissit to behald thame to go on, vtheruayes thay war making sic preparatioun that thay wold cum, and micht not be resisted. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022). beholdint. /bɪˈhəʊld/ Etymology: The imperative of behold v. Used to call attention; = lo int.¹ ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > attention > attracting attention > call for attention [interjection] loOE lookOE heya1225 halec1300 notac1392 what hoc1405 yoa1475 behold1535 hist1599 nota benea1721 see1863 psst1875 c1440 York Myst. xx. 193 Be-halde howe he alleggis oure lawe.] 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Mal. iii. 1 Beholde, I will send my messaunger. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream i. i. 147 Beholde, The iawes of darkenesse do deuoure it vp. View more context for this quotation a1764 R. Lloyd Dialogue in Wks. II. 2 Behold! to yours and my surprize, These trifles to a volume rise. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. viii. 93/2 Fortunatus..when he..wished himself Anywhere, behold he was There. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2018). < v.c825int.1535
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beholdv.

beholdint.