phylumn.

Brit.

/ˈfʌɪləm/, U.S.

/ˈfaɪləm/

Inflections: Plural phyla.

Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Phylum.

Etymology: < German Phylum (E. Haeckel Gen. Morphol. der Organismen (1866) I. iii. 29 as Phylon ) < ancient Greek ϕῦλον race, tribe, epic and poetic form corresponding to ϕυλή phyle n.

a. Biology. Originally: any large group of organisms considered to have originated from a common ancestral form in the distant past; an evolutionary lineage, a major taxonomic group. Now usually: spec. a fundamental taxonomic grouping ranking above class and below kingdom, generally comprising organisms which share a basic body plan or pattern of structural organization.The rank of phylum is used esp. in the animal kingdom; in botany, it is equivalent to a division.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > phylum

kin971

kindOE

genus1649

phylum1868

1868 T. H. Huxley in Proc. Zool. Soc. 14 May 312 The relations of the different groups should be capable of representation by a genealogical tree, or phylum as Haeckel calls it in his remarkable ‘Generelle Morphologie’.

1868 T. H. Huxley in Amer. Naturalist 2 376 Surely there is nothing very wild or illegitimate in the hypothesis that the phylum, or genealogical tree, of the class Aves has its root in the Dinosaurian reptiles.

1876 E. R. Lankester tr. E. Haeckel Hist. Creation II. xvi. 42 By tribe, or phylum, we understand all those organisms of whose blood-relationship and descent from a common primary form there can be no doubt, or whose relationship, at least, is most probable from anatomical reasons, as well as from reasons founded on historical development.

1878 F. J. Bell & E. R. Lankester tr. C. Gegenbaur Elements Compar. Anat. p. xvii I have arranged the chief phyla first of all in the form of a genealogical tree.

1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 578 The classes..collectively termed Vermes do not constitute a phylum..comparable..to the phyla Mollusca or Echinodermata.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. ii. 20 The classes of backboned animals form the phylum of Vertebrata or Chordata.

1961 J. Stubblefield Davies's Introd. Palaeontol. (ed. 3) i. 14 The Brachiopoda are so well defined and sharply marked off from all other animals that they have been accorded the rank of a phylum or primary branch of the Animal Kingdom.

1998 L. Margulis & K. V. Schwartz Five Kingdoms (ed. 3) Pref. p. xvii Because loriciferans could not be placed in any previously known phylum without stretching the concept of the phylum, a new phylum was established just for them.

2004 New Scientist 11 Sept. 12/4 The genus Homo belongs to the family Hominidae, which is part of the order Primates, which in turn belongs to the class Mammalia, which is a member of the phylum Chordata.

b. figurative and in extended use. A large category or class of anything; a variety, a type.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class > a variety or particular form

form1543

edition1598

variety1617

mode1661

version1835

variation1863

phylum1945

1945 W. H. Auden Coll. Poetry 162 Whole phyla of resentments every day Give status to the wild men of the world Who rule the absent-minded.

1973 Sci. Amer. Apr. 121/1 Computers are no longer individuals with names but a phylum of many species, rapidly evolving under selection pressures.

1991 D. Coupland Generation X ii. xii. 73 I've seen this flavor of happiness before. It's of the same phylum of unregulated relief and despondent giggliness I've seen in the faces of friends returning from half-years spent in Europe.

2. Psychology. T. Burrow's term for: the human race, or a large social grouping, considered as a whole, as contrasted with the individual (cf. phyloanalysis n.). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > social psychology > [noun] > social group in relation to individual

phylum1927

1927 T. Burrow in Brit. Jrnl. Med. Psychol. 7 199 The social group or phylum.

1927 T. Burrow in Brit. Jrnl. Med. Psychol. 7 202 In a comprehensive view of our human phylum there remains no other conclusion than that the social mind..comprises a systematization of social images.

1940 H. G. Baynes Mythol. of Soul i. xii. 460 The concept of individuality as a self-contained, self-regulating organism has no validity unless it also embraces this backward extension of the ancestral phylum.

1953 T. Burrow Sci. & Man's Behavior vi. 73 Some of my colleagues commented upon the unusual sense in which I use the term ‘phylum’... By this term I do not mean to separate man from the rest of the vertebrates. I am merely trying to discuss man, with his social needs and interests, as a biological organism.

3. Linguistics. A group of languages related, or believed to be related, less closely than those of a family or stock.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [noun] > family of languages

stocka1727

family1762

linguistic stock1846

linguistic family1847

language group1853

language family1863

Rhaeto-Etruscan1939

macrophylum1958

phylum1958

1958 H. Hoijer in R. H. Thompson Migrations in New World Culture Hist. 59 There is no indication that the families of a phylum, or the phyla of a macro-phylum, need be connected by clearly statable phonetic correspondences.

1965 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 10 142 The reconstruction (in phylum linguistics) is illustrative and restricted to a relatively small set of cognates and typological samenesses which point to an earlier phylum parent language in the prehistoric era.

1973 Language 49 239 Tarascan, like Zuni, is a one-language phylum.

2003 M. Abley Spoken Here iv. 58 Some experts consider it [sc. the language of the Yuchis] a single-member family within the large ‘Macro-Siouan Phylum’, one with remote but identifiable relatives like Dakota and Mohawk.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	phylum
释义	phylumn. Brit. /ˈfʌɪləm/, U.S. /ˈfaɪləm/ Inflections: Plural phyla. Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Phylum. Etymology: < German Phylum (E. Haeckel Gen. Morphol. der Organismen (1866) I. iii. 29 as Phylon ) < ancient Greek ϕῦλον race, tribe, epic and poetic form corresponding to ϕυλή phyle n. 1. a. Biology. Originally: any large group of organisms considered to have originated from a common ancestral form in the distant past; an evolutionary lineage, a major taxonomic group. Now usually: spec. a fundamental taxonomic grouping ranking above class and below kingdom, generally comprising organisms which share a basic body plan or pattern of structural organization.The rank of phylum is used esp. in the animal kingdom; in botany, it is equivalent to a division. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > phylum kin971 kindOE genus1649 phylum1868 1868 T. H. Huxley in Proc. Zool. Soc. 14 May 312 The relations of the different groups should be capable of representation by a genealogical tree, or phylum as Haeckel calls it in his remarkable ‘Generelle Morphologie’. 1868 T. H. Huxley in Amer. Naturalist 2 376 Surely there is nothing very wild or illegitimate in the hypothesis that the phylum, or genealogical tree, of the class Aves has its root in the Dinosaurian reptiles. 1876 E. R. Lankester tr. E. Haeckel Hist. Creation II. xvi. 42 By tribe, or phylum, we understand all those organisms of whose blood-relationship and descent from a common primary form there can be no doubt, or whose relationship, at least, is most probable from anatomical reasons, as well as from reasons founded on historical development. 1878 F. J. Bell & E. R. Lankester tr. C. Gegenbaur Elements Compar. Anat. p. xvii I have arranged the chief phyla first of all in the form of a genealogical tree. 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 578 The classes..collectively termed Vermes do not constitute a phylum..comparable..to the phyla Mollusca or Echinodermata. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. ii. 20 The classes of backboned animals form the phylum of Vertebrata or Chordata. 1961 J. Stubblefield Davies's Introd. Palaeontol. (ed. 3) i. 14 The Brachiopoda are so well defined and sharply marked off from all other animals that they have been accorded the rank of a phylum or primary branch of the Animal Kingdom. 1998 L. Margulis & K. V. Schwartz Five Kingdoms (ed. 3) Pref. p. xvii Because loriciferans could not be placed in any previously known phylum without stretching the concept of the phylum, a new phylum was established just for them. 2004 New Scientist 11 Sept. 12/4 The genus Homo belongs to the family Hominidae, which is part of the order Primates, which in turn belongs to the class Mammalia, which is a member of the phylum Chordata. b. figurative and in extended use. A large category or class of anything; a variety, a type. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class > a variety or particular form form1543 edition1598 variety1617 mode1661 version1835 variation1863 phylum1945 1945 W. H. Auden Coll. Poetry 162 Whole phyla of resentments every day Give status to the wild men of the world Who rule the absent-minded. 1973 Sci. Amer. Apr. 121/1 Computers are no longer individuals with names but a phylum of many species, rapidly evolving under selection pressures. 1991 D. Coupland Generation X ii. xii. 73 I've seen this flavor of happiness before. It's of the same phylum of unregulated relief and despondent giggliness I've seen in the faces of friends returning from half-years spent in Europe. 2. Psychology. T. Burrow's term for: the human race, or a large social grouping, considered as a whole, as contrasted with the individual (cf. phyloanalysis n.). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > social psychology > [noun] > social group in relation to individual phylum1927 1927 T. Burrow in Brit. Jrnl. Med. Psychol. 7 199 The social group or phylum. 1927 T. Burrow in Brit. Jrnl. Med. Psychol. 7 202 In a comprehensive view of our human phylum there remains no other conclusion than that the social mind..comprises a systematization of social images. 1940 H. G. Baynes Mythol. of Soul i. xii. 460 The concept of individuality as a self-contained, self-regulating organism has no validity unless it also embraces this backward extension of the ancestral phylum. 1953 T. Burrow Sci. & Man's Behavior vi. 73 Some of my colleagues commented upon the unusual sense in which I use the term ‘phylum’... By this term I do not mean to separate man from the rest of the vertebrates. I am merely trying to discuss man, with his social needs and interests, as a biological organism. 3. Linguistics. A group of languages related, or believed to be related, less closely than those of a family or stock. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > family of languages stocka1727 family1762 linguistic stock1846 linguistic family1847 language group1853 language family1863 Rhaeto-Etruscan1939 macrophylum1958 phylum1958 1958 H. Hoijer in R. H. Thompson Migrations in New World Culture Hist. 59 There is no indication that the families of a phylum, or the phyla of a macro-phylum, need be connected by clearly statable phonetic correspondences. 1965 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 10 142 The reconstruction (in phylum linguistics) is illustrative and restricted to a relatively small set of cognates and typological samenesses which point to an earlier phylum parent language in the prehistoric era. 1973 Language 49 239 Tarascan, like Zuni, is a one-language phylum. 2003 M. Abley Spoken Here iv. 58 Some experts consider it [sc. the language of the Yuchis] a single-member family within the large ‘Macro-Siouan Phylum’, one with remote but identifiable relatives like Dakota and Mohawk. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1868
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