phasen.²

Brit.

/feɪz/, U.S.

/feɪz/

Forms: 1600s– phase, 1800s phaze.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: French phase; Latin phasis; Greek ϕάσις.

Etymology: < French phase (1544 in Middle French in sense 2; 1661 in astronomy; in senses 3 and 4 after English) and its etymon post-classical Latin phasis and its etymon ancient Greek ϕάσις (see phasis n.). Compare Spanish fase (1726 as phase in astronomy), Italian fase (1737 in astronomy, a1798 in general sense), German Phase (18th cent.; 17th cent. in astronomy as phasis).In some instances it is not possible to determine whether the form phases represents the plural of phase n.² or of phasis n.

1. The aspect presented by the moon or a planet at any point in time, according to the shape of the illuminated portion visible to an observer; spec. each of the stages new moon, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > planetary movement > [noun] > phase

phasis1645

phase1647

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > moon > phase > [noun]

statec1300

phasis1645

phase1647

1647 C. Cavendish Let. 14 Feb. in J. Pell Corr. with C. Cavendish (2005) 502 There is a booke by a Polander of the Phases of the moone.

1672 I. Newton in Philos. Trans. 1671 (Royal Soc.) 6 3080 I could also discern the Moon-like phase of Venus.

a1703 R. Hooke Lect. Light in Posthumous Wks. (1705) 110 Mercury, when it has passed between us and the Sun, has appeared a small Dark Spot, and some have affirmed to have seen the Phase of it through a Telescope, to appear Horned like a New Moon, though I never yet observed it so my self.

1755 B. Martin Mag. Arts & Sci. 122 She is then said to be gibbous; and this Phase or Aspect increases till she comes to the Situation E, where she is in Opposition to the Sun.

1796 B. Waller Poems Several Occasions 98 Sage at Moor-fields begins with subtle glass To spy out new Perus in Luna's phase.

1812 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. xxx. 295 The period of the Moon's phases.

1854 H. Moseley Lect. Astron. (ed. 4) lxii. 187 All those varieties of phase which characterize the changes of the moon.

1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. iii. §229 Let us now explain what are called the phases of the Moon.

1927 A. Conan Doyle Case-bk. Sherlock Holmes 215 Possibly you are thinking of the connection between insanity and phases of the moon?

1954 C. Payne-Gaposchkin Introd. Astron. vii. 152 (caption) For an inferior planet, ‘new’ phase occurs when the planet is at inferior conjunction, ‘full’ phase when it is at superior conjunction.

1996 G. Haroian-Guerin Fatal Hero vi. 209 Lily Bart who in her youth and freshness is like the crescent phase of the moon, is haunted by Bertha Dorset and inherits her lover, Selden Lawrence.

a. A definite or distinct state, stage, or period in a process of change or development, as the life cycle of an organism; a period marked by a particular characteristic, activity, etc. Also: any particular aspect of a thing of varying aspects; = phasis n. 2. Now frequently in phase one (also phase two, etc.): the first (second, etc.) planned stage of a process, project, series of events, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > [noun] > phase or stage of development

stage1609

phasis1665

phase1701

the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [noun] > way of thinking > aspect of

phasis1665

aspect1824

phase1843

stripe1853

syndrome1955

1701 T. Beverley Grand Apoc. Question 3 To understand Prophetic Time from its Beginnings to its End, to observe what Correspondency of one Phase of Time runs through All, and thereby to be assured how each part refers to another.

1832 Times 10 Sept. 3/2 The conservative rent presenting a faithful imitation of its respectable prototype, in each successive phase of ‘contribution’, ‘rent’, and ‘annuity’.

1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. iii. ii. 210 He saw her in the most attractive phase of her character.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 226 To enter into each successive phase of the discussion which turns up.

1883 Contemp. Rev. 43 54 Shakespeare has painted every phase of antagonism to the world.

1953 H. Mellanby Animal Life in Fresh Water (ed. 5) viii. 118 Between the larval and the adult stage..another, usually dormant, phase occurs in the life-history, in which the developing wings appear on the surface for the first time; this is known as the pupa or chrysalis.

1957 Economist 5 Oct. 24/2 There was little..to suggest that the government expects Britain to be a very active combatant in ‘Phase Two’ of another war. Mr. Butler's emphasis was solely on Phase One.

a1985 P. White With the Jocks (2003) 158 The five British and Canadian divisions involved in the first phase of the attack.

1990 Jrnl. Zool. 200 231 Burrowing in the bathyergids..involves an initial excavating phase using the extremely sharp, extrabuccal incisors.

1992 Car Feb. 15/4 In the course of phase two, we are shooting for 100,000 vehicles. After that, the sky's the limit.

1999 Nature 8 Apr. p. lx Wolf-Rayet stars..are very blue, hot objects now recognized as a late phase in the life cycle of most massive stars.

b. A temporarily difficult or unhappy period of personal development, esp. of adolescence. Frequently in to go (also pass) through a phase.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > be or remain in specific state or condition [verb (intransitive)] > go through a phase

to go (also pass) through a phase1861

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)]

to-wendc893

mingeOE

dreveOE

angerc1175

sturb?c1225

worec1225

troublec1230

sturble1303

disturbc1305

movea1325

disturblec1330

drubblea1340

drovec1350

distroublec1369

tempestc1374

outsturba1382

unresta1382

stroublec1384

unquietc1384

conturb1393

mismaya1400

unquemea1400

uneasec1400

discomfita1425

smite?a1425

perturbc1425

pertrouble?1435

inquiet1486

toss1526

alter1529

disquiet1530

turmoil1530

perturbate1533

broil1548

mis-set?1553

shake1567

parbruilyiec1586

agitate1587

roil1590

transpose1594

discompose1603

harrow1609

hurry1611

obturb1623

shog1636

untune1638

alarm1649

disorder1655

begruntlea1670

pother1692

disconcert1695

ruffle1701

tempestuate1702

rough1777

caddle1781

to put out1796

upset1805

discomfort1806

start1821

faze1830

bother1832

to put aback1833

to put about1843

raft1844

queer1845

rattle1865

to turn over1865

untranquillize1874

hack1881

rock1881

to shake up1884

to put off1909

to go (also pass) through a phase1913

to weird out1970

1861 C. Reade Cloister & Hearth lxxi The phase, through which this remarkable mind now passed, may be summed in a word—Penitence.

1880 H. Adams Democracy ix. 229 She..actually let Mr. French feed her with ice-cream from a spoon. She says she was showing Lord Dunbeg a phase.

1913 W. J. Locke Stella Maris xix. 258 ‘What's the matter with her, for pity's sake?’ asked Herold... ‘Perhaps it's a phase. Young girls often pass through it.’

1960 Times 28 May 7/4 ‘It's only a phase’, we say uncertainly when our children sulk, fight, or burst into tears for no reason.

2001 Guardian 24 Aug. i. 23/2 In publishing circles, chick lit is dead... As Pat Barker wisely remarked, the genre is a phase readers grow out of.

2003 Independent 10 July (Review section) 2/1 Cressida's 16, upper-middle class, public school, and going through a phase.

c. Zoology. A genetic or seasonal variety of an animal's coloration, plumage, form, or behaviour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > [noun] > period of animal's life

phase1873

1873 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 13 411 He is careful to retain a complete and concise enumeration of the various ‘artificial species’, ‘form-genera’, or ‘phases’, in which the natural species may manifest themselves.

1921 B. P. Uvarov in Bull. Entomol. Res. 12 153 We are yet far from knowing whether the transformation of one form [of locust] into the other is due to some immediate external influence or to some yet unknown internal cause; I think therefore, that the term ‘phase’..suggested to me by Dr. G. A. K. Marshall is more appropriate [than ‘morpha’].

1947 New Biol. 3 10 All true locusts occur in two phases—the solitary and the swarming, or gregarious as it is usually called.

1964 L. S. Crandall Managem. Wild Mammals in Captivity 368 It [sc. the jaguarundi]..occurs in two color phases, dark gray and reddish brown.

1977 Times 18 Aug. 14/5 A slate-black falcon..was agreed to have all the field-clues of the dark phase of Eleanora's falcon, one of Europe's rarest predators.

2002 G. M. Eberhart Mysterious Creatures II. 583/1 The white phase (ermine) of the Short-tailed weasel (Mustela erminea).

a. Physics. A particular stage or point in the cycle of a periodic phenomenon (esp. an alternating current or a light wave), or in a recurring sequence of changes or movements, considered in relation to a particular reference position or time, or to the state of another cycle or system with which the first may or may not be in synchrony. in phase (with), having the same phase (as); in the same stage of variation at the same time (as); in synchrony (with). out of phase (with), not in phase (with). Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > [noun] > specific concepts or principles of > recurring sequence > stage in

phase1861

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [phrase] > specific

in phase (with)1861

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > [noun] > stage in sequence

phase1861

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > [adverb] > at same stage

in phase (with)1861

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > voltage > [noun] > phase

phase1861

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > [noun] > phase

phase1861

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > alternating current > [noun] > phase of

phase1861

the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > [adverb] > isochronously or in phase

isochronously1749

synchronically1749

synchronously1822

in phase (with)1891

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > alternating current > [adjective]

in phase (with)1891

in step1903

in-phase1914

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > voltage > [adjective] > having the same phase

in phase (with)1891

in-phase1914

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > phase > [noun]

phase1891

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > [adjective] > in or out of phase

in phase (with)1903

out of phase (with)1903

out of step1961

in-phase1962

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > alternating current > [adjective] > not

out of phase (with)1903

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > voltage > [adjective] > having the same phase > not

out of phase (with)1903

1861 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 21 163 Two series of undulations traversing the same space do not combine into one resultant as two attractions do, but produce an effect depending on relations of phase as well as intensity.

1863 E. Atkinson tr. A. Ganot Elem. Treat. Physics vii. viii. 474 Fig. 362 represents two waves issuing from the same source of light, and meeting at a, under a very acute angle in the same phases [1866 in the same phase], while fig. 363 represents the coincidence of two waves in opposite phases of undulation.

1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 101/2 Two particles which are in the same stage of vibration..and are moving in the same direction and with equal velocities, are said to be in the same phase.

1891 J. W. Urquhart Dynamo Constr. xvi. 239 If switched when not ‘in phase’, the fresh machine would..be quickly pulled into unison.

1903 T. Sewell Elem. Electr. Engin. (ed. 2) xvii. 337 The current flowing in the circuit, whether it be in or out of phase with the e.m.f., is indicated by the ammeter.

1936 L. S. Palmer Wireless Engin. x. 403 The plate and outer grid may be indirectly connected by any device..which changes the phase of the output with respect to the input by 180°.

1953 Economist 14 Nov. 505/2 To keep the supply of raw materials in phase with productive capacity.

1973 Sci. Amer. June 47 The light is reflected from a system of mirrors and arrives either in phase or out of phase at the second Kerr cell, depending on the length of the light path between the cells.

1994 Guitarist Sept. 144/2 I ran into an engineer..who told me my pickups were out of phase, that's how I got that sound.

2003 Science 24 Jan. 503/3 [The technique] not only controls the spacing of the RF pulses..but it also tracks their phase—that is, whether the RF waves begin at their peaks, troughs, or somewhere in between.

b. Electrical Engineering. Each of the circuits of a polyphase machine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > phase > [noun] > winding of polyphase machine

phase1904

1904 M. B. Field in M. Maclean Mod. Electr. Pract. II. i. vi. 28 If one of the phases of a ∆-connected system is disconnected, the remaining two can still supply a three-phase current, but with a diminished efficiency.

1931 G. C. Blalock Princ. Electr. Engin. xviii. 243 The power in any polyphase circuit must of necessity be the sum of the powers in the component phases. It is usually more convenient, however, to determine polyphase power in terms of line voltage and current.

1962 Newnes Conc. Encycl. Electr. Engin. 787/2 The phases are interlinked in star connection.

1972 I. M. Smith & K. T. Hosie Basic Electr. Engin. Sci. ix. 254 Each phase of a 3-ph star-connected load is a coil of resistance 20 Ω.

1991 Impact of Sci. on Society (UNESCO) No. 162. 151 The complexity of three-phase power collection, with each phase being fed on a separate wire, posed enormous technical difficulties.

4. Chemistry. A physically distinct and homogeneous form of matter characterized by its state (as gas, liquid, or solid) and composition and separated by a bounding surface from other forms.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun]

state1652

state of matter1665

phase1875

1875 J. W. Gibbs in Trans. Connecticut Acad. 3 152 We may call such bodies as differ in composition or state, different phases of the matter considered, regarding all bodies which differ only in quantity and form as different examples of the same phase.

1916 C. A. Edwards Physico-chem. Properties Steel iv. 47 From the phase rule we know that three phases can coexist in equilibrium, in a binary system, only at one temperature. At the Ar₁ point there are three phases—namely, α-iron, carbide of iron, and the solid solution of the eutectoid composition.

1931 O. Maass & E. W. R. Steacie Introd. Princ. Physical Chem. ix. 135 Every liquid has a vapour pressure and will evaporate and enter the gas phase.

1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth iii. 55/1 These two phases, sand and clay, are very effectively separated from each other by deposition or sedimentation from water.

1990 T. G. Wreghitt & P. Morgan-Capner ELISA in Clin. Microbiol. Lab. viii. 112 The emulsion is centrifuged for 10min at 10,000g and the aqueous phase removed and retained.

Compounds

C1.

a. (In sense 3a.)

phase difference n.

ΚΠ

1871 J. F. W. Herschel Familiar Lect. Sci. Subj. 386 Half an undulation then has to be reckoned in addition to the phase-difference due to the simple passage of the two rays through the crystal.

1962 Symp. Zool. Soc. No. 7. 10 It has been generally supposed until recently that for man..phase differences are of no account. But we now realize that if changes of phase of particular components occur at a sufficiently rapid state, then differences of sound-quality are in fact heard.

1993 Nature 18 Mar. 220 The mean phase difference between multiple measurements was 38°.

phase lag n.

ΚΠ

1921 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 100 284 We may regard the phase lag as due to the longer path travelled by the pulses reaching side B as compared with those falling on surface A.

2001 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 14389/1 (caption) The phase of the active hair bundle's movement with respect to that of the stimulus varied from a phase lead at low frequencies to a phase lag at high frequencies.

phase lead n.

ΚΠ

1932 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 136 197 If the height be decreased just sufficiently to produce a phase lead of (π−ψ) in the currents in the top and bottom of the frame, then the effect is similar to introducing a capacity of sufficient magnitude to compensate for the inductive effect of the increased width.

2003 Exper. Brain Res. 152 383 Eye movements induced by EVAR showed an increased phase lead during reaction-time tasks, suggesting altered vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) dynamics.

phase relationship n.

ΚΠ

1908 Proc. Royal Soc. 1907–8 A. 80 313 If three quantities..of different wave form, together with linear functions of these quantities, comprise all the cyclic functions which have to be considered, it is possible..to represent the magnitudes and phase relationships of all such quantities by a vector figure drawn in three dimensions.

1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio xii. 218 The phase relationship between the sounds.

1993 Sound & Vision Apr. 5/1 The matrices used in Ambisonic encoding are quite complex, but all such techniques employ some manipulation of phase relationships to encode extra channels into a two-channel format.

phase reversal n.

ΚΠ

1898 Daily News 12 May 6/3 The features of Mr. Wood's phase reversal and silver zone plates.

1957 Pract. Wireless 33 539/2 There is a phase reversal across the common emitter circuit.

1992 Guitarist Nov. 10/2 The control panel has..a phase reversal switch to match the guitar sound to the room it's being played in.

b. (In sense 4).

phase boundary n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun] > phase transitions

phase change1897

phase boundary1911

phase transition1911

1911 Science 3 Nov. 597/1 His other recent researches have been mostly upon the following subjects:..electrical forces at phase boundaries; the corrosion of iron by stray currents from street railways [etc.].

1952 New Biol. 12 99 The adsorption of simple organic molecules from the atmosphere or from solutions at the surface of phase boundaries may have been of far greater importance. Suitable phase boundaries occur..at the surface of crystals of inorganic minerals.

1998 Chem. in Brit. Oct. 82/1 The topology of..a molar phase diagram in terms of phase boundaries is described.

phase doctrine n. now rare

ΚΠ

1904 Westm. Gaz. 23 Apr. 12/2 Roozeboom, who applied the phase doctrine to all kinds of equilibrium, is the founder of a new branch of physical chemistry.

1915 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 19 533 The ‘amorphous phase’ is regarded as being—from the point of view of the phase doctrine—identical with the liquid phase.

c. (In senses 3 and 4.)

phase relation n.

ΚΠ

1878 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinb. 9 604 They may be so related in phase that at one of the instants of maximum pressure of one of the constituents there is also maximum pressure of the other constituent. The same phase-relation, if the harmonic numbers of the constituent tones be odd, will give also coincident minimums.

1952 R. W. Ditchburn Light iv. 95 In a dispersive medium, the components of a wave group move with different speeds, and the phase relations between the components are altered.

1993 Jrnl. Petrol. 34 350 (caption) Phase relations and minimum-melt compositions in the system Quartz–Albite–Orthoclase±H₂O.

C2.

phase advancer n. a device for advancing the phase of a waveform, signal, etc.; (Electrical Engineering) a device for increasing the power factor of an induction motor by generating a magnetizing current in the rotor circuit which leads the main rotor current in phase.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > motor > [noun] > induction motor > device for advancing phase

phase advancer1909

Leblanc exciter1924

1909 M. Walker in Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 42 611 The author believes that it is possible to devise a new type of machine to act as an exciter in the manner proposed by M. Leblanc... Such a machine might be called a ‘phase advancer’.

1962 Newnes Conc. Encycl. Electr. Engin. 596/1 Many different types of phase advancer have been developed but they are only rarely used because of the high maintenance required.

1994 Appl. Radiation & Isotopes 45 924/1 The components of the ACD [automatic control device] are:..A separate compensated controller (phase lag controller with phase advancer) followed by a low pass filter to reduce overshooting.

phase change n. (a) = phase shift n.; (b) Chemistry a change of a substance from one phase to another, as the melting of a solid, the evaporation of a liquid, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun] > phase transitions

phase change1897

phase boundary1911

phase transition1911

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > [noun] > atomic structure > change in structure

phase change1897

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [noun] > change of phase

phase change1897

phase shift1927

1897 Science 4 June 876/1 Mr. E. Edser and Mr. H. Stansfield exhibited apparatus showing the phase change of light reflected at a glass-silver surface.

1914 Physical Rev. 3 126 At high pressures we are concerned with phase changes of only two types, from the fluid to the solid (or crystalline) phase, and from one solid phase to another.

1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 254 Noise..is strongly discriminated against [by frequency modulation], though it does produce phase-change effects which cannot be eradicated.

1991 M. A. Summerfield Global Geomorphol. (BNC) 146 Early explanations of frost weathering alighted on the..effect of the 9 per cent volume expansion which accompanies the phase change from water to ice.

phase changer n. Electrical Engineering = phase converter n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > phase > [noun] > device changing

phase changer1900

phase converter1916

1900 Jrnl. Electr., Power & Gas Oct. 81/2 (heading) An induction motor phase changer.

1935 Discovery Nov. 326/1 Phase changers and automatic regulators have worked perfectly [in locomotives of Hungarian railways].

1978 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 362 157 These machines had two separate windings: one a Dahlander (2 to 1) speed-changing winding; the other a special winding which had to be supplied through a phase changer.

phase contrast n. a technique in microscopy of introducing a phase difference between components of the light supplied by the condenser so that interference causes the outlines of the sample, or the boundaries between parts of differing optical density, to appear more prominent; usually attributive, esp. in phase-contrast microscope, phase-contrast microscopy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical skills and techniques > [noun] > other techniques

collimation1687

autocollimation1870

neutralization1897

microprojection1904

Foucault method1923

orthostereoscopy1928

phase contrast1934

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical skills and techniques > [adjective] > other techniques

phase contrast1934

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > magnification or magnifying instruments > [adjective] > microscope > types of microscope

screw-barrel1746

multocular1856

microspectroscopic1871

orthostereoscopic1892

electron microscopic1933

phase contrast1934

trinocular1960

1934 F. Zernike in Monthly Notices Royal Astron. Soc. 94 377 (heading) Diffraction theory of the knife-edge test and its improved form, the phase-contrast method.

1942 Jrnl. Sci. Instrum. 19 71 (heading) Phase-contrast microscopy.

1947 Nature 21 June 829/2 Mr. Taylor has made and described a new phase-contrast microscope in which a controlled variable amplitude for the ‘direct-light’ component is obtained.

1961 M. Françon Progress in Microsc. ii. 65 Originally used by its inventor [sc. Zernike] for inspecting telescope mirrors, the phase contrast technique was applied to microscopy shortly afterwards.

1971 Nature 26 Nov. 227/2 Cytological characters and chromosomal behaviour during mitosis were studied in live cultures under phase contrast.

2001 R. W. Cahn Coming of Materials Sci. iii. 118 Griffin showed Frank beautiful growth spirals on a surface of a crystal of the mineral beryl, revealed by phase contrast microscopy.

phase converter n. (also phase convertor) Electrical Engineering a device which converts an alternating current into one having a different number of phases but the same frequency.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > phase > [noun] > device changing

phase changer1900

phase converter1916

1916 Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 35 1318 No. 4 is in general respects the same as No. 2 with the addition of a relatively new development known as the ‘phase converter’ which preserves the balance of the system even when large blocks of single-phase power are taken from the system.

1935 Discovery Nov. 326/1 The phase converter is usually regarded as the most complicated part of the locomotive.

1967 C. V. Jones Unified Theory Electr. Machines xviii. 241 As a final example of induction motor performance, its operation as a phase converter will be briefly considered.

2003 Times of India (Nexis) 23 Nov. We used to run our pump sets using phase convertors in the old system. But that is not possible in the new system.

phase curve n. a curve representing the relationship of a variable and the phase of something.

ΚΠ

1873 Proc. Royal Soc. 1872–3 21 242 A more accurate phase-curve was deduced, indicating a more rapid increase of the radiant heat on approaching full moon than was given by the formula previously employed.

1895 Philos. Trans. 1894 (Royal Soc.) A. 185 885 (caption) Diagram of the difference in phase of the components of light reflected in air from diamond... The black line is the theoretical phase curve.

1953 Q. Rev. Biol. 28 11/2 Plotting metabolism against body size on double logarithmic paper, and going from egg to adult in different species of animals, one gets three phase curves resembling those described above.

2003 EDN (Nexis) 30 Oct. 73 Plots of Equation 16 with the associated phase curves demonstrate the effect of feedback compensation.

phase diagram n. Chemistry a diagram which represents the limits of stability of the various phases of a chemical system at equilibrium, with respect to two or more variables (commonly composition and temperature); an equilibrium diagram.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun] > diagram

phase diagram1908

constitutional diagram1929

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical assay or analytical chemistry > [noun] > acetimetry > chromatography > record of

phase diagram1908

chromatogram1922

polarogram1925

paper chromatogram1944

partition chromatogram1944

gas chromatogram1952

1908 Science 22 May 830/2 We believe that all substances are capable of existing in four phases, and some in more. To show this notion, we will use the common text-book phase-diagram for water.

1926 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 113 655 The phase diagram is characterised by a solid solution of tin in iron with a maximum of 18 per cent tin, and by two compounds.

1993 Jrnl. Petrol. 34 702 The equilibrium temperature of the olivine–plagioclase–clinopyroxene eutectic in the basalt phase diagram is 1270°C.

phase displacement n. a difference in phase between two alternating electrical currents or other waveforms.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > phase > [noun] > difference in phase

phase displacement1902

1902 Proc. Royal Soc. 1901–2 69 439 Table III..also gives the relative phase-displacement of the electromotive-force curves obtained from the exploring coils.

1933 K. Edgcumbe & F. E. J. Ockenden Industr. Electr. Measuring Instruments xiii. 279 A strictly ‘balanced’ circuit is one in which the currents, voltages, and phase displacements are the same for each phase.

1982 P. P. Acarnley Stepping Motors (BNC) 126 Similar voltage waveforms apply to windings B and C with an appropriate phase displacement.

1995 SIAM Jrnl. Appl. Math. 55 229 We show below that the (k−1) × (k−1) linearization matrix around the fixed point corresponding to phase displacements between clusters can then be written as [formula].

phase distortion n. distortion involving change in the phase relations of the components of a waveform, caused esp. by a difference in the speed of propagation for different frequencies.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > [noun] > phase > distortion

phase distortion1926

1926 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 111 629 Tested in this manner over a range of 50 to 10,000 cycles, the single-stage amplifier..has been shown to have a net amplification over this range equal to that at zero frequency, with an entire absence of measurable phase distortion.

1961 G. Millerson Technique Television Production iii. 43 Certain video distortions, from phase-distortion to signal reflections, can also be the reason for poor definition in a picture.

2000 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 14749/2 This procedure is equivalent to filtering in the frequency domain, which is an acausal and symmetric filter that causes least filtering artifacts such as phase distortion.

phase field n. Materials Science a delimited area in a phase diagram representing a distinct equilibrium condition, esp. of a metal alloy system.

ΚΠ

1897 W. D. Bancroft Phase Rule iii. 30 The component A exists as solid phase in the field marked A.]

1920 Jrnl. Inst. Metals 24 211 In order to determine the true limits of the different fields of existence of the phases, series of alloys in the neighbourhood of the phase-field boundaries have been submitted to prolonged heat treatment.

1979 Jrnl. Less Common Metals 63 119 (title) Equilibrium phase fields in the vanadium–osmium system.

2001 R. W. Cahn Coming of Materials Sci. iii. 86 The delineation of phase fields stable only at high temperatures..was made possible by the use of micrographs of alloys quenched from different temperatures.

phase inverter n. (also phase invertor) Electrical Engineering a phase splitter which produces two signals 180 degrees out of phase.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > [noun] > phase-splitter or inverter

phase splitter1896

phase inverter1942

1942 A. Hund Frequency Modulation xi. 178 Figure 49 shows a balanced reactance-tube modulator where a phase inverter replaces the push-pull input transformer.

1951 Electronic Engin. 23 64 Phase-invertors using resistance-loaded triode valves are well known.

2003 Guitar Player (Nexis) Dec. 124 Both amps feature..three Russian-made Sovtek 12AX7LPs for the subsequent preamp stages and phase inverter.

phase microscope n. a phase-contrast microscope.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > magnification or magnifying instruments > [noun] > microscope > other microscopes

lucernal microscope1743

gas microscope1833

oxyhydrogen microscope1839

binocular1871

orthostereoscope1892

pseudostereoscope1892

ultramicroscope1906

acoustic microscope1910

hodoscope1915

optical microscope1928

light microscope1934

comparison microscope1940

phase microscope1946

stereomicroscope1962

1946 Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 65 129 The Phase Microscope reveals detail in transparent materials having regions of slightly differing absorption or with different indices of refraction.

1970 O. W. Richards in J. E. Blair et al. Man. Clin. Microbiol. 24/1 The phase microscope has an annular stop in the condenser to limit the lighting to a symmetrical hollow cone.

1987 M. Monk Mammalian Devel. (BNC) 73 Allow clumps of cells to settle to the bottom... Examine under the phase microscope.

phase microscopy n. phase-contrast microscopy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical skills and techniques > [noun] > use of instruments

microscopy1665

telescopy1802

photometry1807

stereoscopy1861

polariscopy1872

ultramicroscopy1906

pseudoscopy1910

fluorescence microscopy1932

stroboscopy1932

electron microscopy1934

phase microscopy1946

X-ray microscopy1948

strioscopy1967

stereoviewing1968

transmission electron microscopy1968

photopolarimetry1974

STM1982

1946 Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 65 129 (heading) Phase microscopy.

1964 N. S. Cohn Elem. Cytol. ii. 22 The observation of living cells has been greatly facilitated by the development of phase microscopy and related optical systems.

2000 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 13885/1 (caption) Generation of spherical clones from single, ciliated ependymal cells..(phase microscopy of such a clone is shown in the lower left inset).

phase plane n. Science a plane in which the changing state of a system over time may be plotted with reference to two variables; a two-dimensional phase space.

ΚΠ

1942 Math. Rev. 3 286/1 The problem is discussed in the phase plane ϕ, ϕ′.

1974 G. Reece tr. F. Hund Hist. Quantum Theory ii. 35 Thus the phase plane is divided by curves E_n (x,p) = const.

1998 Amer. Naturalist 152 884/2 The winter trajectory in a phase plane with the two plants is in this case a straight line toward origin.

phase portrait n. Science the set of all possible curves in a phase plane or phase space describing the changing state of a system over time (different curves corresponding to different initial conditions).

ΚΠ

1949 A. A. Andronov & C. E. Chaikin Theory Oscillations i. 7 The totality of all the paths may be described as the phase portrait of the system.

1978 Jrnl. Math. Biol. 6 305 A singular perturbation analysis of the 8-dimensional phase portrait of the model characterizes the role of calcium during the plateau phase of the ventricular action potential.

1999 Jrnl. Banking & Finance (Nexis) Nov. A system is called structurally stable if small changes in the parameters do not change the qualitative properties of the phase portrait or solution curves.

phase reaction n. a chemical or physical change which involves the transfer of material between phases, or the appearance or disappearance of a phase.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun] > phase reaction

phase reaction1917

1917 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 39 1218 The system..in which the phase reaction is K₂SiO₃.0.5H₂O + K₂Si₂O₅ = K₂SiO₃ + V, contains these same three phases.

1920 D. A. Clibbens Princ. Phase Theory i. 3 If the temperature is raised,..a transference of material from one phase to another will, in general, occur; such a transference is known as a phase reaction.

1964 L. H. Van Vlack Elements Materials Sci. (ed. 2) xii. 362 These volume changes may arise from either phase reactions or thermal expansion and/or contraction.

2003 Appl. Surface Sci. 208–9 317 The structured materials include..a Ni:Al layer with atomic ratio 3:1 on a silicon wafer to improve the periodical initiation of an intermetallic phase reaction to Ni₃Al.

phase rotation n. a rotation or cycling of the phase of a waveform; (Electrical Engineering) = phase sequence n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > phase > [noun] > sequence

phase rotation1918

phase sequence1918

1918 K. Edgcumbe Industr. Electr. Measuring Instruments (ed. 2) 254 The direction of phase rotation of the secondary pressures and currents may conveniently be checked by a phase rotation indicator.

1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics II. 936/2 If these two readings give zero reading, the transformers are correctly phased... If readings are obtained across EE′ and FF′ then polarity or phase rotation is incorrect.

1962 Newnes Conc. Encycl. Electr. Engin. 572/2 A simple portable instrument to indicate phase rotation.

1991 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 433 564 A translation of the wavefunction around this superlattice cell generates an integral number of phase rotations through 2π.

phase-sensitive adj. sensitive to the phase of a vibration, current, etc.; (of a detector or other device) producing an output that is proportional to the phase difference between an input and a reference signal.

ΚΠ

1949 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 200 3 The resultant output voltage was then introduced into a homodyne (phase sensitive) rectifier.

1964 B. V. Rollin Introd. Electronics v. 65 Another case in which phase sensitive detection is employed, is in magnetic resonance experiments where the reference voltage can be obtained from the oscillator which modulates the magnetic field.

1990 Nucleic Acids Res. 18 4075/2 NOEST spectra were recorded with mixing times of..250 ms for spectra recorded in H₂O, in the phase sensitive mode.

2003 Electronics World Jan. 18/1 The phase-sensitive detector..used in impedance measuring instruments in an analogue multiplier.

phase separation n. Chemistry the separation of one phase into two, esp. the separation of a mixture by partition between two phases, or the coacervation of a colloidal solution.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun] > phase separation

phase separation1902

1902 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 6 194 Chemists are intensely interested in the study of phase separation as well as formation.

1948 Biochem. Jrnl. 42 p. xlvii/2 The phase separation of haems has been applied to ox heart muscle.

1991 Progress Polymer Sci. 16 57 In the case of rodlike polymers the axial ratio (length L to diameter D) of the macromolecules was found to govern the concentration at which phase separation occurs.

phase space n. Science a multidimensional space in which each axis corresponds to one of the coordinates (spatial or otherwise) required to specify the state of a system, all the coordinates being thus represented so that a point in the space corresponds to a state of the system.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > [noun] > statistics of energy distribution > state of system

phase space1923

1923 H. L. Brose tr. A. Sommerfeld Atomic Struct. & Spectral Lines iv. 195 In a system having f degrees of freedom this phase space is of 2f dimensions.

1970 G. K. Woodgate Elem. Atomic Struct. vi. 98 The exclusion principle states, in this context, that not more than two electrons are allowed in each volume of size h³ in phase space.

1991 Sci. Amer. Mar. 54/2 Instead of traversing space in the usual sense, the rays traverse an abstract region called phase space: the space of ray positions and ray directions.

phase splitter n. Electrical Engineering a circuit or device which splits a single-phase voltage into two or more voltages differing in phase.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > [noun] > phase-splitter or inverter

phase splitter1896

phase inverter1942

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > voltage > [noun] > phase > instrument splitting phase

phase splitter1896

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > motor > [noun] > induction motor > starting device

phase splitter1896

1896 D. C. Jackson & J. P. Jackson Alternating Currents 652 Special starting devices must be included in the design and construction [of single-phase induction motors]. As a rule, this takes the form of what is called a Phase Splitter.

1970 J. Earl How to choose Tuners & Amplifiers ii. 54 The collector and emitter outputs..are equal in amplitude but opposite in phase, rather like the signals from a simple valve phase-splitter circuit.

1991 Electronics World & Wireless World (BNC) Sept. 792 There were two MHL4s driving a pair of PX4s in push-pull, the MHL4s deriving the double-ended drive from a concertina phase splitter.

phase-splitting adj. and n. Electrical Engineering (a) adj. designating a circuit or device which splits a single-phase voltage into two or more voltages differing in phase; (b) n. the splitting of a single-phase voltage into two or more voltages differing in phase.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > voltage > [adjective] > having the same phase > relating to phase-splitter

phase-splitting1895

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > motor > [adjective] > splitting voltage

phase-splitting1895

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [adjective] > splitting phase

phase-splitting1895

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [noun] > change of phase > splitting into phases

phase-splitting1895

1895 S. P. Thompson Polyphase Electr. Currents iv. 99 (caption) Phase-splitting device.

1947 Wireless World Aug. 274/1 The advantages of resistance-capacitance circuits for phase-splitting in push-pull amplifiers are now well recognized.

1975 G. J. King Audio Handbk. iv. 84 Some form of ‘phase-splitting’ stage is necessary to drive common-pair output stages.

2001 Poptronics (Nexis) 1 June 43 There are other ways to do this ‘phase splitting’. The simplest way..is to use a transformer with a center-tapped secondary.

phase switch n. Electronics a circuit or device which changes the phase of one signal relative to another; (Music) a circuit in one of a pair of pick-ups on an electric guitar, which puts the pick-ups out of phase with one another and alters the sound.

ΚΠ

1964 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 282 264 Assuming that a simple phase switch is used in its receiver, its sensitivity is one-half that of other methods using total power receivers.

1974 Guitar July 17/2 The phase switch..puts the pick-ups in or out of phase with each other.

1994 Guitarist Sept. 94/2 At one stage the Mockingbird featured a coil splitter, phase switch, master tone and volume controls, internal preamp and a six position varitone.

phase transformation n. a change of phase (in various senses); a transformation from one phase into another.

ΚΠ

1905 Proc. Royal Soc. 1904–5 74 509 Having regard to my earlier observations on phase transformation in overstrained crystals, this persistence of the C phase is quite to be expected.

1934 Times 14 Sept. 6/1 [He] said that phase transformation was the crux of the study of the locust problem at present.

2001 R. W. Cahn Coming of Materials Sci. iii. 100 The concept of epitaxy, orientation relationships between parent and daughter phases involved in phase transformations, had been familiar only to mineralogists when Barrett and Mehl began their work.

phase transition n. Materials Science a change in the phase of a substance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun] > phase transitions

phase change1897

phase boundary1911

phase transition1911

1911 Science 17 Mar. 436/1 He also described their phase transitions and in particular showed the properties of substances that melt successively to three or more stable liquid states.

1968 R. A. Lyttleton Myst. Solar Syst. ii. 71 L is the energy per unit mass required for the phase-transition from solid to liquid.

1991 Amer. Scientist Mar. 147/2 The steel undergoes a phase transition during cooling, transforming the soft austenite phase into a hard martensite phase.

phase velocity n. Physics the speed of propagation of a sine wave or a sinusoidal component of a complex wave, equal to the product of its wavelength and frequency; cf. group velocity n. at group n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > wave > shape, speed, period, length, etc.

waveform1845

wavelength1850

wave-front1867

wave-shell1877

wave velocity1887

wave period1909

transient1910

phase velocity1927

incoherence1938

waveshape1940

1927 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 13 334 While the geometrical behavior is the same, the phase velocity of the wave is given by u.

1968 M. S. Livingston Particle Physics iii. 49 Consider a pulse of water waves originating from the point where a stone strikes the water, and focus on a particular wave crest... The velocity with which the general disturbance moves is the group velocity; the velocity of the wave crest relative to the water is the phase velocity.

2001 Analog Sept. 45/2 Conventional physics allows the phase velocity to exceed the speed of light, although the group velocity (the speed at which information is actually conveyed) must be less than c.

phase-wound adj. Electrical Engineering (of an induction motor) having a secondary circuit in the form of windings.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > motor > [adjective] > of windings

phase-wound1907

wire-wound1910

1907 H. H. Norris Introd. Study Electr. Engin. x. 290 The phase-wound motor has very satisfactory starting qualities and draws little excess starting current.

1916 W. Kent Mech. Engineers' Pocket-bk. (ed. 9) 1465 Shunt-wound, direct-current motors and either squirrel-cage or phase-wound induction motors are well adapted for this type of pump.

1997 Electr. Apparatus (Nexis) 50 21 (caption) Sets of continuity phase-wound coils ready for insertion in locomotive fan stators.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	phase
释义	phasen.¹ Brit. /feɪz/, U.S. /feɪz/ Forms: Old English pase, Old English–Middle English 1900s– phase, Middle English fase. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin phase. Etymology: < post-classical Latin phase Passover, Passover lamb (Vulgate; from 8th cent. in British sources; also as Phasa ) < Hebrew pesaḥ (see pasch n.). Now historical. = Passover n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > Jewish seasons and feasts > Passover > [noun] EasterOE phaseOE paschOE forthforea1325 fasea1425 Passover1530 passing-by1533 paschala1535 azyme1582 feast1611 Pesach1613 OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Josh. (Claud.) v. 10 Hi wurdon ða on Galgala, & worhton Phase [L. fecerunt Phase], ðæt is færeldfreols. OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) xii. 21 Soðlice Moyses clypode ealle Ysraheles folces ealdras, & cwæð to him: Gað & nimað nyten ðurh eower hiwrædene & offriað Pase [L. immolate Phase], þæt is færeld. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Num. ix. 12 Al þe rite off phase [a1425 L.V. pask] þei sholyn kepe. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Exod. xii. 21 Take a beeste..and offre ȝe fase [a1425 E.V. paske]. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Exod. xii. 43 This is the religioun of fase [a1425 E.V. phask]. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 527 (MED) This is the religioun of Phase; ech alien schal not ete therof. a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 117 (MED) Tho two wordis ‘passin’ and ‘phase’ a-cordeþ wele to-geder in-to this worde ‘Pascha’ bothe for here signyficacions and for here voyces, for in passion of Crist was his passyng. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. St. John xix. f.117 Iesus was the very true phase or passeouer, the figure whereof that Mosiacall lambe did beare, & resembled the same. 1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xvi. xliii. 618 Passe-ouer. Phase is a passing ouer: because the Angel of death passed ouer the Israelites houses, & smote them not. 1688 P. Pett Happy Future State of Eng. 75 The Translator studied for hard words in the room of plain ones, as for the Passeover, phase, for foreskin, prepuce, [etc.]. 1947 Downside Rev. 217 The feast of Phase was originally a domestic celebration. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). phasen.² Brit. /feɪz/, U.S. /feɪz/ Forms: 1600s– phase, 1800s phaze. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: French phase; Latin phasis; Greek ϕάσις. Etymology: < French phase (1544 in Middle French in sense 2; 1661 in astronomy; in senses 3 and 4 after English) and its etymon post-classical Latin phasis and its etymon ancient Greek ϕάσις (see phasis n.). Compare Spanish fase (1726 as phase in astronomy), Italian fase (1737 in astronomy, a1798 in general sense), German Phase (18th cent.; 17th cent. in astronomy as phasis).In some instances it is not possible to determine whether the form phases represents the plural of phase n.² or of phasis n. 1. The aspect presented by the moon or a planet at any point in time, according to the shape of the illuminated portion visible to an observer; spec. each of the stages new moon, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > planetary movement > [noun] > phase phasis1645 phase1647 the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > moon > phase > [noun] statec1300 phasis1645 phase1647 1647 C. Cavendish Let. 14 Feb. in J. Pell Corr. with C. Cavendish (2005) 502 There is a booke by a Polander of the Phases of the moone. 1672 I. Newton in Philos. Trans. 1671 (Royal Soc.) 6 3080 I could also discern the Moon-like phase of Venus. a1703 R. Hooke Lect. Light in Posthumous Wks. (1705) 110 Mercury, when it has passed between us and the Sun, has appeared a small Dark Spot, and some have affirmed to have seen the Phase of it through a Telescope, to appear Horned like a New Moon, though I never yet observed it so my self. 1755 B. Martin Mag. Arts & Sci. 122 She is then said to be gibbous; and this Phase or Aspect increases till she comes to the Situation E, where she is in Opposition to the Sun. 1796 B. Waller Poems Several Occasions 98 Sage at Moor-fields begins with subtle glass To spy out new Perus in Luna's phase. 1812 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. xxx. 295 The period of the Moon's phases. 1854 H. Moseley Lect. Astron. (ed. 4) lxii. 187 All those varieties of phase which characterize the changes of the moon. 1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. iii. §229 Let us now explain what are called the phases of the Moon. 1927 A. Conan Doyle Case-bk. Sherlock Holmes 215 Possibly you are thinking of the connection between insanity and phases of the moon? 1954 C. Payne-Gaposchkin Introd. Astron. vii. 152 (caption) For an inferior planet, ‘new’ phase occurs when the planet is at inferior conjunction, ‘full’ phase when it is at superior conjunction. 1996 G. Haroian-Guerin Fatal Hero vi. 209 Lily Bart who in her youth and freshness is like the crescent phase of the moon, is haunted by Bertha Dorset and inherits her lover, Selden Lawrence. 2. a. A definite or distinct state, stage, or period in a process of change or development, as the life cycle of an organism; a period marked by a particular characteristic, activity, etc. Also: any particular aspect of a thing of varying aspects; = phasis n. 2. Now frequently in phase one (also phase two, etc.): the first (second, etc.) planned stage of a process, project, series of events, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > [noun] > phase or stage of development stage1609 phasis1665 phase1701 the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [noun] > way of thinking > aspect of phasis1665 aspect1824 phase1843 stripe1853 syndrome1955 1701 T. Beverley Grand Apoc. Question 3 To understand Prophetic Time from its Beginnings to its End, to observe what Correspondency of one Phase of Time runs through All, and thereby to be assured how each part refers to another. 1832 Times 10 Sept. 3/2 The conservative rent presenting a faithful imitation of its respectable prototype, in each successive phase of ‘contribution’, ‘rent’, and ‘annuity’. 1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. iii. ii. 210 He saw her in the most attractive phase of her character. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 226 To enter into each successive phase of the discussion which turns up. 1883 Contemp. Rev. 43 54 Shakespeare has painted every phase of antagonism to the world. 1953 H. Mellanby Animal Life in Fresh Water (ed. 5) viii. 118 Between the larval and the adult stage..another, usually dormant, phase occurs in the life-history, in which the developing wings appear on the surface for the first time; this is known as the pupa or chrysalis. 1957 Economist 5 Oct. 24/2 There was little..to suggest that the government expects Britain to be a very active combatant in ‘Phase Two’ of another war. Mr. Butler's emphasis was solely on Phase One. a1985 P. White With the Jocks (2003) 158 The five British and Canadian divisions involved in the first phase of the attack. 1990 Jrnl. Zool. 200 231 Burrowing in the bathyergids..involves an initial excavating phase using the extremely sharp, extrabuccal incisors. 1992 Car Feb. 15/4 In the course of phase two, we are shooting for 100,000 vehicles. After that, the sky's the limit. 1999 Nature 8 Apr. p. lx Wolf-Rayet stars..are very blue, hot objects now recognized as a late phase in the life cycle of most massive stars. b. A temporarily difficult or unhappy period of personal development, esp. of adolescence. Frequently in to go (also pass) through a phase. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > be or remain in specific state or condition [verb (intransitive)] > go through a phase to go (also pass) through a phase1861 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)] to-wendc893 mingeOE dreveOE angerc1175 sturb?c1225 worec1225 troublec1230 sturble1303 disturbc1305 movea1325 disturblec1330 drubblea1340 drovec1350 distroublec1369 tempestc1374 outsturba1382 unresta1382 stroublec1384 unquietc1384 conturb1393 mismaya1400 unquemea1400 uneasec1400 discomfita1425 smite?a1425 perturbc1425 pertrouble?1435 inquiet1486 toss1526 alter1529 disquiet1530 turmoil1530 perturbate1533 broil1548 mis-set?1553 shake1567 parbruilyiec1586 agitate1587 roil1590 transpose1594 discompose1603 harrow1609 hurry1611 obturb1623 shog1636 untune1638 alarm1649 disorder1655 begruntlea1670 pother1692 disconcert1695 ruffle1701 tempestuate1702 rough1777 caddle1781 to put out1796 upset1805 discomfort1806 start1821 faze1830 bother1832 to put aback1833 to put about1843 raft1844 queer1845 rattle1865 to turn over1865 untranquillize1874 hack1881 rock1881 to shake up1884 to put off1909 to go (also pass) through a phase1913 to weird out1970 1861 C. Reade Cloister & Hearth lxxi The phase, through which this remarkable mind now passed, may be summed in a word—Penitence. 1880 H. Adams Democracy ix. 229 She..actually let Mr. French feed her with ice-cream from a spoon. She says she was showing Lord Dunbeg a phase. 1913 W. J. Locke Stella Maris xix. 258 ‘What's the matter with her, for pity's sake?’ asked Herold... ‘Perhaps it's a phase. Young girls often pass through it.’ 1960 Times 28 May 7/4 ‘It's only a phase’, we say uncertainly when our children sulk, fight, or burst into tears for no reason. 2001 Guardian 24 Aug. i. 23/2 In publishing circles, chick lit is dead... As Pat Barker wisely remarked, the genre is a phase readers grow out of. 2003 Independent 10 July (Review section) 2/1 Cressida's 16, upper-middle class, public school, and going through a phase. c. Zoology. A genetic or seasonal variety of an animal's coloration, plumage, form, or behaviour. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > [noun] > period of animal's life phase1873 1873 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 13 411 He is careful to retain a complete and concise enumeration of the various ‘artificial species’, ‘form-genera’, or ‘phases’, in which the natural species may manifest themselves. 1921 B. P. Uvarov in Bull. Entomol. Res. 12 153 We are yet far from knowing whether the transformation of one form [of locust] into the other is due to some immediate external influence or to some yet unknown internal cause; I think therefore, that the term ‘phase’..suggested to me by Dr. G. A. K. Marshall is more appropriate [than ‘morpha’]. 1947 New Biol. 3 10 All true locusts occur in two phases—the solitary and the swarming, or gregarious as it is usually called. 1964 L. S. Crandall Managem. Wild Mammals in Captivity 368 It [sc. the jaguarundi]..occurs in two color phases, dark gray and reddish brown. 1977 Times 18 Aug. 14/5 A slate-black falcon..was agreed to have all the field-clues of the dark phase of Eleanora's falcon, one of Europe's rarest predators. 2002 G. M. Eberhart Mysterious Creatures II. 583/1 The white phase (ermine) of the Short-tailed weasel (Mustela erminea). 3. a. Physics. A particular stage or point in the cycle of a periodic phenomenon (esp. an alternating current or a light wave), or in a recurring sequence of changes or movements, considered in relation to a particular reference position or time, or to the state of another cycle or system with which the first may or may not be in synchrony. in phase (with), having the same phase (as); in the same stage of variation at the same time (as); in synchrony (with). out of phase (with), not in phase (with). Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > [noun] > specific concepts or principles of > recurring sequence > stage in phase1861 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [phrase] > specific in phase (with)1861 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > [noun] > stage in sequence phase1861 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > [adverb] > at same stage in phase (with)1861 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > voltage > [noun] > phase phase1861 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > [noun] > phase phase1861 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > alternating current > [noun] > phase of phase1861 the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > [adverb] > isochronously or in phase isochronously1749 synchronically1749 synchronously1822 in phase (with)1891 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > alternating current > [adjective] in phase (with)1891 in step1903 in-phase1914 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > voltage > [adjective] > having the same phase in phase (with)1891 in-phase1914 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > phase > [noun] phase1891 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > [adjective] > in or out of phase in phase (with)1903 out of phase (with)1903 out of step1961 in-phase1962 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > alternating current > [adjective] > not out of phase (with)1903 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > voltage > [adjective] > having the same phase > not out of phase (with)1903 1861 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 21 163 Two series of undulations traversing the same space do not combine into one resultant as two attractions do, but produce an effect depending on relations of phase as well as intensity. 1863 E. Atkinson tr. A. Ganot Elem. Treat. Physics vii. viii. 474 Fig. 362 represents two waves issuing from the same source of light, and meeting at a, under a very acute angle in the same phases [1866 in the same phase], while fig. 363 represents the coincidence of two waves in opposite phases of undulation. 1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 101/2 Two particles which are in the same stage of vibration..and are moving in the same direction and with equal velocities, are said to be in the same phase. 1891 J. W. Urquhart Dynamo Constr. xvi. 239 If switched when not ‘in phase’, the fresh machine would..be quickly pulled into unison. 1903 T. Sewell Elem. Electr. Engin. (ed. 2) xvii. 337 The current flowing in the circuit, whether it be in or out of phase with the e.m.f., is indicated by the ammeter. 1936 L. S. Palmer Wireless Engin. x. 403 The plate and outer grid may be indirectly connected by any device..which changes the phase of the output with respect to the input by 180°. 1953 Economist 14 Nov. 505/2 To keep the supply of raw materials in phase with productive capacity. 1973 Sci. Amer. June 47 The light is reflected from a system of mirrors and arrives either in phase or out of phase at the second Kerr cell, depending on the length of the light path between the cells. 1994 Guitarist Sept. 144/2 I ran into an engineer..who told me my pickups were out of phase, that's how I got that sound. 2003 Science 24 Jan. 503/3 [The technique] not only controls the spacing of the RF pulses..but it also tracks their phase—that is, whether the RF waves begin at their peaks, troughs, or somewhere in between. b. Electrical Engineering. Each of the circuits of a polyphase machine. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > phase > [noun] > winding of polyphase machine phase1904 1904 M. B. Field in M. Maclean Mod. Electr. Pract. II. i. vi. 28 If one of the phases of a ∆-connected system is disconnected, the remaining two can still supply a three-phase current, but with a diminished efficiency. 1931 G. C. Blalock Princ. Electr. Engin. xviii. 243 The power in any polyphase circuit must of necessity be the sum of the powers in the component phases. It is usually more convenient, however, to determine polyphase power in terms of line voltage and current. 1962 Newnes Conc. Encycl. Electr. Engin. 787/2 The phases are interlinked in star connection. 1972 I. M. Smith & K. T. Hosie Basic Electr. Engin. Sci. ix. 254 Each phase of a 3-ph star-connected load is a coil of resistance 20 Ω. 1991 Impact of Sci. on Society (UNESCO) No. 162. 151 The complexity of three-phase power collection, with each phase being fed on a separate wire, posed enormous technical difficulties. 4. Chemistry. A physically distinct and homogeneous form of matter characterized by its state (as gas, liquid, or solid) and composition and separated by a bounding surface from other forms. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun] state1652 state of matter1665 phase1875 1875 J. W. Gibbs in Trans. Connecticut Acad. 3 152 We may call such bodies as differ in composition or state, different phases of the matter considered, regarding all bodies which differ only in quantity and form as different examples of the same phase. 1916 C. A. Edwards Physico-chem. Properties Steel iv. 47 From the phase rule we know that three phases can coexist in equilibrium, in a binary system, only at one temperature. At the Ar₁ point there are three phases—namely, α-iron, carbide of iron, and the solid solution of the eutectoid composition. 1931 O. Maass & E. W. R. Steacie Introd. Princ. Physical Chem. ix. 135 Every liquid has a vapour pressure and will evaporate and enter the gas phase. 1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth iii. 55/1 These two phases, sand and clay, are very effectively separated from each other by deposition or sedimentation from water. 1990 T. G. Wreghitt & P. Morgan-Capner ELISA in Clin. Microbiol. Lab. viii. 112 The emulsion is centrifuged for 10min at 10,000g and the aqueous phase removed and retained. Compounds C1. a. (In sense 3a.) phase difference n. ΚΠ 1871 J. F. W. Herschel Familiar Lect. Sci. Subj. 386 Half an undulation then has to be reckoned in addition to the phase-difference due to the simple passage of the two rays through the crystal. 1962 Symp. Zool. Soc. No. 7. 10 It has been generally supposed until recently that for man..phase differences are of no account. But we now realize that if changes of phase of particular components occur at a sufficiently rapid state, then differences of sound-quality are in fact heard. 1993 Nature 18 Mar. 220 The mean phase difference between multiple measurements was 38°. phase lag n. ΚΠ 1921 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 100 284 We may regard the phase lag as due to the longer path travelled by the pulses reaching side B as compared with those falling on surface A. 2001 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 14389/1 (caption) The phase of the active hair bundle's movement with respect to that of the stimulus varied from a phase lead at low frequencies to a phase lag at high frequencies. phase lead n. ΚΠ 1932 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 136 197 If the height be decreased just sufficiently to produce a phase lead of (π−ψ) in the currents in the top and bottom of the frame, then the effect is similar to introducing a capacity of sufficient magnitude to compensate for the inductive effect of the increased width. 2003 Exper. Brain Res. 152 383 Eye movements induced by EVAR showed an increased phase lead during reaction-time tasks, suggesting altered vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) dynamics. phase relationship n. ΚΠ 1908 Proc. Royal Soc. 1907–8 A. 80 313 If three quantities..of different wave form, together with linear functions of these quantities, comprise all the cyclic functions which have to be considered, it is possible..to represent the magnitudes and phase relationships of all such quantities by a vector figure drawn in three dimensions. 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio xii. 218 The phase relationship between the sounds. 1993 Sound & Vision Apr. 5/1 The matrices used in Ambisonic encoding are quite complex, but all such techniques employ some manipulation of phase relationships to encode extra channels into a two-channel format. phase reversal n. ΚΠ 1898 Daily News 12 May 6/3 The features of Mr. Wood's phase reversal and silver zone plates. 1957 Pract. Wireless 33 539/2 There is a phase reversal across the common emitter circuit. 1992 Guitarist Nov. 10/2 The control panel has..a phase reversal switch to match the guitar sound to the room it's being played in. b. (In sense 4). phase boundary n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun] > phase transitions phase change1897 phase boundary1911 phase transition1911 1911 Science 3 Nov. 597/1 His other recent researches have been mostly upon the following subjects:..electrical forces at phase boundaries; the corrosion of iron by stray currents from street railways [etc.]. 1952 New Biol. 12 99 The adsorption of simple organic molecules from the atmosphere or from solutions at the surface of phase boundaries may have been of far greater importance. Suitable phase boundaries occur..at the surface of crystals of inorganic minerals. 1998 Chem. in Brit. Oct. 82/1 The topology of..a molar phase diagram in terms of phase boundaries is described. phase doctrine n. now rare ΚΠ 1904 Westm. Gaz. 23 Apr. 12/2 Roozeboom, who applied the phase doctrine to all kinds of equilibrium, is the founder of a new branch of physical chemistry. 1915 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 19 533 The ‘amorphous phase’ is regarded as being—from the point of view of the phase doctrine—identical with the liquid phase. c. (In senses 3 and 4.) phase relation n. ΚΠ 1878 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinb. 9 604 They may be so related in phase that at one of the instants of maximum pressure of one of the constituents there is also maximum pressure of the other constituent. The same phase-relation, if the harmonic numbers of the constituent tones be odd, will give also coincident minimums. 1952 R. W. Ditchburn Light iv. 95 In a dispersive medium, the components of a wave group move with different speeds, and the phase relations between the components are altered. 1993 Jrnl. Petrol. 34 350 (caption) Phase relations and minimum-melt compositions in the system Quartz–Albite–Orthoclase±H₂O. C2. phase advancer n. a device for advancing the phase of a waveform, signal, etc.; (Electrical Engineering) a device for increasing the power factor of an induction motor by generating a magnetizing current in the rotor circuit which leads the main rotor current in phase. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > motor > [noun] > induction motor > device for advancing phase phase advancer1909 Leblanc exciter1924 1909 M. Walker in Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 42 611 The author believes that it is possible to devise a new type of machine to act as an exciter in the manner proposed by M. Leblanc... Such a machine might be called a ‘phase advancer’. 1962 Newnes Conc. Encycl. Electr. Engin. 596/1 Many different types of phase advancer have been developed but they are only rarely used because of the high maintenance required. 1994 Appl. Radiation & Isotopes 45 924/1 The components of the ACD [automatic control device] are:..A separate compensated controller (phase lag controller with phase advancer) followed by a low pass filter to reduce overshooting. phase change n. (a) = phase shift n.; (b) Chemistry a change of a substance from one phase to another, as the melting of a solid, the evaporation of a liquid, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun] > phase transitions phase change1897 phase boundary1911 phase transition1911 the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > [noun] > atomic structure > change in structure phase change1897 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [noun] > change of phase phase change1897 phase shift1927 1897 Science 4 June 876/1 Mr. E. Edser and Mr. H. Stansfield exhibited apparatus showing the phase change of light reflected at a glass-silver surface. 1914 Physical Rev. 3 126 At high pressures we are concerned with phase changes of only two types, from the fluid to the solid (or crystalline) phase, and from one solid phase to another. 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 254 Noise..is strongly discriminated against [by frequency modulation], though it does produce phase-change effects which cannot be eradicated. 1991 M. A. Summerfield Global Geomorphol. (BNC) 146 Early explanations of frost weathering alighted on the..effect of the 9 per cent volume expansion which accompanies the phase change from water to ice. phase changer n. Electrical Engineering = phase converter n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > phase > [noun] > device changing phase changer1900 phase converter1916 1900 Jrnl. Electr., Power & Gas Oct. 81/2 (heading) An induction motor phase changer. 1935 Discovery Nov. 326/1 Phase changers and automatic regulators have worked perfectly [in locomotives of Hungarian railways]. 1978 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 362 157 These machines had two separate windings: one a Dahlander (2 to 1) speed-changing winding; the other a special winding which had to be supplied through a phase changer. phase contrast n. a technique in microscopy of introducing a phase difference between components of the light supplied by the condenser so that interference causes the outlines of the sample, or the boundaries between parts of differing optical density, to appear more prominent; usually attributive, esp. in phase-contrast microscope, phase-contrast microscopy. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical skills and techniques > [noun] > other techniques collimation1687 autocollimation1870 neutralization1897 microprojection1904 Foucault method1923 orthostereoscopy1928 phase contrast1934 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical skills and techniques > [adjective] > other techniques phase contrast1934 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > magnification or magnifying instruments > [adjective] > microscope > types of microscope screw-barrel1746 multocular1856 microspectroscopic1871 orthostereoscopic1892 electron microscopic1933 phase contrast1934 trinocular1960 1934 F. Zernike in Monthly Notices Royal Astron. Soc. 94 377 (heading) Diffraction theory of the knife-edge test and its improved form, the phase-contrast method. 1942 Jrnl. Sci. Instrum. 19 71 (heading) Phase-contrast microscopy. 1947 Nature 21 June 829/2 Mr. Taylor has made and described a new phase-contrast microscope in which a controlled variable amplitude for the ‘direct-light’ component is obtained. 1961 M. Françon Progress in Microsc. ii. 65 Originally used by its inventor [sc. Zernike] for inspecting telescope mirrors, the phase contrast technique was applied to microscopy shortly afterwards. 1971 Nature 26 Nov. 227/2 Cytological characters and chromosomal behaviour during mitosis were studied in live cultures under phase contrast. 2001 R. W. Cahn Coming of Materials Sci. iii. 118 Griffin showed Frank beautiful growth spirals on a surface of a crystal of the mineral beryl, revealed by phase contrast microscopy. phase converter n. (also phase convertor) Electrical Engineering a device which converts an alternating current into one having a different number of phases but the same frequency. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > phase > [noun] > device changing phase changer1900 phase converter1916 1916 Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 35 1318 No. 4 is in general respects the same as No. 2 with the addition of a relatively new development known as the ‘phase converter’ which preserves the balance of the system even when large blocks of single-phase power are taken from the system. 1935 Discovery Nov. 326/1 The phase converter is usually regarded as the most complicated part of the locomotive. 1967 C. V. Jones Unified Theory Electr. Machines xviii. 241 As a final example of induction motor performance, its operation as a phase converter will be briefly considered. 2003 Times of India (Nexis) 23 Nov. We used to run our pump sets using phase convertors in the old system. But that is not possible in the new system. phase curve n. a curve representing the relationship of a variable and the phase of something. ΚΠ 1873 Proc. Royal Soc. 1872–3 21 242 A more accurate phase-curve was deduced, indicating a more rapid increase of the radiant heat on approaching full moon than was given by the formula previously employed. 1895 Philos. Trans. 1894 (Royal Soc.) A. 185 885 (caption) Diagram of the difference in phase of the components of light reflected in air from diamond... The black line is the theoretical phase curve. 1953 Q. Rev. Biol. 28 11/2 Plotting metabolism against body size on double logarithmic paper, and going from egg to adult in different species of animals, one gets three phase curves resembling those described above. 2003 EDN (Nexis) 30 Oct. 73 Plots of Equation 16 with the associated phase curves demonstrate the effect of feedback compensation. phase diagram n. Chemistry a diagram which represents the limits of stability of the various phases of a chemical system at equilibrium, with respect to two or more variables (commonly composition and temperature); an equilibrium diagram. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun] > diagram phase diagram1908 constitutional diagram1929 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical assay or analytical chemistry > [noun] > acetimetry > chromatography > record of phase diagram1908 chromatogram1922 polarogram1925 paper chromatogram1944 partition chromatogram1944 gas chromatogram1952 1908 Science 22 May 830/2 We believe that all substances are capable of existing in four phases, and some in more. To show this notion, we will use the common text-book phase-diagram for water. 1926 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 113 655 The phase diagram is characterised by a solid solution of tin in iron with a maximum of 18 per cent tin, and by two compounds. 1993 Jrnl. Petrol. 34 702 The equilibrium temperature of the olivine–plagioclase–clinopyroxene eutectic in the basalt phase diagram is 1270°C. phase displacement n. a difference in phase between two alternating electrical currents or other waveforms. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > phase > [noun] > difference in phase phase displacement1902 1902 Proc. Royal Soc. 1901–2 69 439 Table III..also gives the relative phase-displacement of the electromotive-force curves obtained from the exploring coils. 1933 K. Edgcumbe & F. E. J. Ockenden Industr. Electr. Measuring Instruments xiii. 279 A strictly ‘balanced’ circuit is one in which the currents, voltages, and phase displacements are the same for each phase. 1982 P. P. Acarnley Stepping Motors (BNC) 126 Similar voltage waveforms apply to windings B and C with an appropriate phase displacement. 1995 SIAM Jrnl. Appl. Math. 55 229 We show below that the (k−1) × (k−1) linearization matrix around the fixed point corresponding to phase displacements between clusters can then be written as [formula]. phase distortion n. distortion involving change in the phase relations of the components of a waveform, caused esp. by a difference in the speed of propagation for different frequencies. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > [noun] > phase > distortion phase distortion1926 1926 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 111 629 Tested in this manner over a range of 50 to 10,000 cycles, the single-stage amplifier..has been shown to have a net amplification over this range equal to that at zero frequency, with an entire absence of measurable phase distortion. 1961 G. Millerson Technique Television Production iii. 43 Certain video distortions, from phase-distortion to signal reflections, can also be the reason for poor definition in a picture. 2000 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 14749/2 This procedure is equivalent to filtering in the frequency domain, which is an acausal and symmetric filter that causes least filtering artifacts such as phase distortion. phase field n. Materials Science a delimited area in a phase diagram representing a distinct equilibrium condition, esp. of a metal alloy system. ΚΠ 1897 W. D. Bancroft Phase Rule iii. 30 The component A exists as solid phase in the field marked A.] 1920 Jrnl. Inst. Metals 24 211 In order to determine the true limits of the different fields of existence of the phases, series of alloys in the neighbourhood of the phase-field boundaries have been submitted to prolonged heat treatment. 1979 Jrnl. Less Common Metals 63 119 (title) Equilibrium phase fields in the vanadium–osmium system. 2001 R. W. Cahn Coming of Materials Sci. iii. 86 The delineation of phase fields stable only at high temperatures..was made possible by the use of micrographs of alloys quenched from different temperatures. phase inverter n. (also phase invertor) Electrical Engineering a phase splitter which produces two signals 180 degrees out of phase. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > [noun] > phase-splitter or inverter phase splitter1896 phase inverter1942 1942 A. Hund Frequency Modulation xi. 178 Figure 49 shows a balanced reactance-tube modulator where a phase inverter replaces the push-pull input transformer. 1951 Electronic Engin. 23 64 Phase-invertors using resistance-loaded triode valves are well known. 2003 Guitar Player (Nexis) Dec. 124 Both amps feature..three Russian-made Sovtek 12AX7LPs for the subsequent preamp stages and phase inverter. phase microscope n. a phase-contrast microscope. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > magnification or magnifying instruments > [noun] > microscope > other microscopes lucernal microscope1743 gas microscope1833 oxyhydrogen microscope1839 binocular1871 orthostereoscope1892 pseudostereoscope1892 ultramicroscope1906 acoustic microscope1910 hodoscope1915 optical microscope1928 light microscope1934 comparison microscope1940 phase microscope1946 stereomicroscope1962 1946 Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 65 129 The Phase Microscope reveals detail in transparent materials having regions of slightly differing absorption or with different indices of refraction. 1970 O. W. Richards in J. E. Blair et al. Man. Clin. Microbiol. 24/1 The phase microscope has an annular stop in the condenser to limit the lighting to a symmetrical hollow cone. 1987 M. Monk Mammalian Devel. (BNC) 73 Allow clumps of cells to settle to the bottom... Examine under the phase microscope. phase microscopy n. phase-contrast microscopy. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical skills and techniques > [noun] > use of instruments microscopy1665 telescopy1802 photometry1807 stereoscopy1861 polariscopy1872 ultramicroscopy1906 pseudoscopy1910 fluorescence microscopy1932 stroboscopy1932 electron microscopy1934 phase microscopy1946 X-ray microscopy1948 strioscopy1967 stereoviewing1968 transmission electron microscopy1968 photopolarimetry1974 STM1982 1946 Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 65 129 (heading) Phase microscopy. 1964 N. S. Cohn Elem. Cytol. ii. 22 The observation of living cells has been greatly facilitated by the development of phase microscopy and related optical systems. 2000 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 13885/1 (caption) Generation of spherical clones from single, ciliated ependymal cells..(phase microscopy of such a clone is shown in the lower left inset). phase plane n. Science a plane in which the changing state of a system over time may be plotted with reference to two variables; a two-dimensional phase space. ΚΠ 1942 Math. Rev. 3 286/1 The problem is discussed in the phase plane ϕ, ϕ′. 1974 G. Reece tr. F. Hund Hist. Quantum Theory ii. 35 Thus the phase plane is divided by curves E_n (x,p) = const. 1998 Amer. Naturalist 152 884/2 The winter trajectory in a phase plane with the two plants is in this case a straight line toward origin. phase portrait n. Science the set of all possible curves in a phase plane or phase space describing the changing state of a system over time (different curves corresponding to different initial conditions). ΚΠ 1949 A. A. Andronov & C. E. Chaikin Theory Oscillations i. 7 The totality of all the paths may be described as the phase portrait of the system. 1978 Jrnl. Math. Biol. 6 305 A singular perturbation analysis of the 8-dimensional phase portrait of the model characterizes the role of calcium during the plateau phase of the ventricular action potential. 1999 Jrnl. Banking & Finance (Nexis) Nov. A system is called structurally stable if small changes in the parameters do not change the qualitative properties of the phase portrait or solution curves. phase reaction n. a chemical or physical change which involves the transfer of material between phases, or the appearance or disappearance of a phase. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun] > phase reaction phase reaction1917 1917 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 39 1218 The system..in which the phase reaction is K₂SiO₃.0.5H₂O + K₂Si₂O₅ = K₂SiO₃ + V, contains these same three phases. 1920 D. A. Clibbens Princ. Phase Theory i. 3 If the temperature is raised,..a transference of material from one phase to another will, in general, occur; such a transference is known as a phase reaction. 1964 L. H. Van Vlack Elements Materials Sci. (ed. 2) xii. 362 These volume changes may arise from either phase reactions or thermal expansion and/or contraction. 2003 Appl. Surface Sci. 208–9 317 The structured materials include..a Ni:Al layer with atomic ratio 3:1 on a silicon wafer to improve the periodical initiation of an intermetallic phase reaction to Ni₃Al. phase rotation n. a rotation or cycling of the phase of a waveform; (Electrical Engineering) = phase sequence n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > phase > [noun] > sequence phase rotation1918 phase sequence1918 1918 K. Edgcumbe Industr. Electr. Measuring Instruments (ed. 2) 254 The direction of phase rotation of the secondary pressures and currents may conveniently be checked by a phase rotation indicator. 1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics II. 936/2 If these two readings give zero reading, the transformers are correctly phased... If readings are obtained across EE′ and FF′ then polarity or phase rotation is incorrect. 1962 Newnes Conc. Encycl. Electr. Engin. 572/2 A simple portable instrument to indicate phase rotation. 1991 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 433 564 A translation of the wavefunction around this superlattice cell generates an integral number of phase rotations through 2π. phase-sensitive adj. sensitive to the phase of a vibration, current, etc.; (of a detector or other device) producing an output that is proportional to the phase difference between an input and a reference signal. ΚΠ 1949 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 200 3 The resultant output voltage was then introduced into a homodyne (phase sensitive) rectifier. 1964 B. V. Rollin Introd. Electronics v. 65 Another case in which phase sensitive detection is employed, is in magnetic resonance experiments where the reference voltage can be obtained from the oscillator which modulates the magnetic field. 1990 Nucleic Acids Res. 18 4075/2 NOEST spectra were recorded with mixing times of..250 ms for spectra recorded in H₂O, in the phase sensitive mode. 2003 Electronics World Jan. 18/1 The phase-sensitive detector..used in impedance measuring instruments in an analogue multiplier. phase separation n. Chemistry the separation of one phase into two, esp. the separation of a mixture by partition between two phases, or the coacervation of a colloidal solution. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun] > phase separation phase separation1902 1902 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 6 194 Chemists are intensely interested in the study of phase separation as well as formation. 1948 Biochem. Jrnl. 42 p. xlvii/2 The phase separation of haems has been applied to ox heart muscle. 1991 Progress Polymer Sci. 16 57 In the case of rodlike polymers the axial ratio (length L to diameter D) of the macromolecules was found to govern the concentration at which phase separation occurs. phase space n. Science a multidimensional space in which each axis corresponds to one of the coordinates (spatial or otherwise) required to specify the state of a system, all the coordinates being thus represented so that a point in the space corresponds to a state of the system. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > [noun] > statistics of energy distribution > state of system phase space1923 1923 H. L. Brose tr. A. Sommerfeld Atomic Struct. & Spectral Lines iv. 195 In a system having f degrees of freedom this phase space is of 2f dimensions. 1970 G. K. Woodgate Elem. Atomic Struct. vi. 98 The exclusion principle states, in this context, that not more than two electrons are allowed in each volume of size h³ in phase space. 1991 Sci. Amer. Mar. 54/2 Instead of traversing space in the usual sense, the rays traverse an abstract region called phase space: the space of ray positions and ray directions. phase splitter n. Electrical Engineering a circuit or device which splits a single-phase voltage into two or more voltages differing in phase. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > [noun] > phase-splitter or inverter phase splitter1896 phase inverter1942 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > voltage > [noun] > phase > instrument splitting phase phase splitter1896 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > motor > [noun] > induction motor > starting device phase splitter1896 1896 D. C. Jackson & J. P. Jackson Alternating Currents 652 Special starting devices must be included in the design and construction [of single-phase induction motors]. As a rule, this takes the form of what is called a Phase Splitter. 1970 J. Earl How to choose Tuners & Amplifiers ii. 54 The collector and emitter outputs..are equal in amplitude but opposite in phase, rather like the signals from a simple valve phase-splitter circuit. 1991 Electronics World & Wireless World (BNC) Sept. 792 There were two MHL4s driving a pair of PX4s in push-pull, the MHL4s deriving the double-ended drive from a concertina phase splitter. phase-splitting adj. and n. Electrical Engineering (a) adj. designating a circuit or device which splits a single-phase voltage into two or more voltages differing in phase; (b) n. the splitting of a single-phase voltage into two or more voltages differing in phase. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > voltage > [adjective] > having the same phase > relating to phase-splitter phase-splitting1895 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > motor > [adjective] > splitting voltage phase-splitting1895 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [adjective] > splitting phase phase-splitting1895 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [noun] > change of phase > splitting into phases phase-splitting1895 1895 S. P. Thompson Polyphase Electr. Currents iv. 99 (caption) Phase-splitting device. 1947 Wireless World Aug. 274/1 The advantages of resistance-capacitance circuits for phase-splitting in push-pull amplifiers are now well recognized. 1975 G. J. King Audio Handbk. iv. 84 Some form of ‘phase-splitting’ stage is necessary to drive common-pair output stages. 2001 Poptronics (Nexis) 1 June 43 There are other ways to do this ‘phase splitting’. The simplest way..is to use a transformer with a center-tapped secondary. phase switch n. Electronics a circuit or device which changes the phase of one signal relative to another; (Music) a circuit in one of a pair of pick-ups on an electric guitar, which puts the pick-ups out of phase with one another and alters the sound. ΚΠ 1964 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 282 264 Assuming that a simple phase switch is used in its receiver, its sensitivity is one-half that of other methods using total power receivers. 1974 Guitar July 17/2 The phase switch..puts the pick-ups in or out of phase with each other. 1994 Guitarist Sept. 94/2 At one stage the Mockingbird featured a coil splitter, phase switch, master tone and volume controls, internal preamp and a six position varitone. phase transformation n. a change of phase (in various senses); a transformation from one phase into another. ΚΠ 1905 Proc. Royal Soc. 1904–5 74 509 Having regard to my earlier observations on phase transformation in overstrained crystals, this persistence of the C phase is quite to be expected. 1934 Times 14 Sept. 6/1 [He] said that phase transformation was the crux of the study of the locust problem at present. 2001 R. W. Cahn Coming of Materials Sci. iii. 100 The concept of epitaxy, orientation relationships between parent and daughter phases involved in phase transformations, had been familiar only to mineralogists when Barrett and Mehl began their work. phase transition n. Materials Science a change in the phase of a substance. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun] > phase transitions phase change1897 phase boundary1911 phase transition1911 1911 Science 17 Mar. 436/1 He also described their phase transitions and in particular showed the properties of substances that melt successively to three or more stable liquid states. 1968 R. A. Lyttleton Myst. Solar Syst. ii. 71 L is the energy per unit mass required for the phase-transition from solid to liquid. 1991 Amer. Scientist Mar. 147/2 The steel undergoes a phase transition during cooling, transforming the soft austenite phase into a hard martensite phase. phase velocity n. Physics the speed of propagation of a sine wave or a sinusoidal component of a complex wave, equal to the product of its wavelength and frequency; cf. group velocity n. at group n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > wave > shape, speed, period, length, etc. waveform1845 wavelength1850 wave-front1867 wave-shell1877 wave velocity1887 wave period1909 transient1910 phase velocity1927 incoherence1938 waveshape1940 1927 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 13 334 While the geometrical behavior is the same, the phase velocity of the wave is given by u. 1968 M. S. Livingston Particle Physics iii. 49 Consider a pulse of water waves originating from the point where a stone strikes the water, and focus on a particular wave crest... The velocity with which the general disturbance moves is the group velocity; the velocity of the wave crest relative to the water is the phase velocity. 2001 Analog Sept. 45/2 Conventional physics allows the phase velocity to exceed the speed of light, although the group velocity (the speed at which information is actually conveyed) must be less than c. phase-wound adj. Electrical Engineering (of an induction motor) having a secondary circuit in the form of windings. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > motor > [adjective] > of windings phase-wound1907 wire-wound1910 1907 H. H. Norris Introd. Study Electr. Engin. x. 290 The phase-wound motor has very satisfactory starting qualities and draws little excess starting current. 1916 W. Kent Mech. Engineers' Pocket-bk. (ed. 9) 1465 Shunt-wound, direct-current motors and either squirrel-cage or phase-wound induction motors are well adapted for this type of pump. 1997 Electr. Apparatus (Nexis) 50 21 (caption) Sets of continuity phase-wound coils ready for insertion in locomotive fan stators. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). phasev. Brit. /feɪz/, U.S. /feɪz/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: phase n.² Etymology: < phase n.² Compare earlier phasing n.The following appears unlikely to provide an antedating for sense 2; it perhaps shows a misprint for phrase v.:1844 Ladies' Repository May 158/2 They [sc. religious novels] carry religion into hell, so shaped and phased as to please the devil and his angels. 1. transitive. Physics, Electrical Engineering, etc. To adjust the phase (phase n.² 3a) of (an oscillation, alternating current, etc.), esp. in order to bring it into phase or synchrony with something else. Also with up or in. Also (occasionally) intransitive: to undergo such a change of phase. to phase out, to eliminate phase differences between; (also, occasionally) to eliminate (a waveform) by adjustment of phase. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > phase > bring into phase [verb (transitive)] phase1904 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > phase > bring into phase [verb (transitive)] > eliminate differences to phase out1904 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [verb (transitive)] > adjust phase of phase1904 phase-shift1955 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [verb (transitive)] > adjust phase of > eliminate by adjusting to phase out1904 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > non-use > refrain from using [verb (transitive)] > make or regard as obsolete outdate1599 obsolete1640 superannuate1649 outplace1928 to phase out1951 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > be or become invisible [verb (intransitive)] > vanish or disappear formeltc893 wendOE witea1000 aworthc1000 fleec1200 fleetc1200 withdraw1297 vanish1303 voidc1374 unkithea1400 startc1405 disappearc1425 disparishc1425 to fall awayc1443 evanish?a1475 vade1495 sinka1500 vade1530 fly1535 fadea1538 melt?1567 dispear1600 relinquish1601 foist1603 dispersea1616 to vanish (melt, etc.) into thin aira1616 dissipate1626 retire1647 evaporate1713 merge1802 illude1820 to foam off1826 dislimn1833 furl1844 to step out1844 evanesce1855 shade1880 wisp1883 to go to the winds1884 walk1898 to do a disappearing act1913 to go west1916 to do (or take) a fade1949 to phase out1970 1904 W. R. Bowker Dynamo, Motor & Switchboard Circuits v. 99 In connecting two-phase generators for parallel running it is necessary to synchronise both phases the first time the machines are paralleled. After they have once been ‘phased-up’ synchronising one phase is sufficient. 1921 W. S. Ibbetson Motor & Dynamo Control viii. 283 The synchronising of two- and three-phase generators may be performed by connecting the synchronising lamps across one phase only, provided the alternators are correctly connected up to the bus bars. To phase out such connections before a machine may be paralleled the following operations may be performed. 1921 Wireless World 6 Aug. 287/2 The interfering note can be completely ‘phased out’ by adjusting bellows and tube to equal length. 1929 Proc. IRE 17 1787 The separate multiple echoes from a given set of pulses phase in and out at different rates... Part of the observed phasing must be due to changes in optical path. 1939 W. S. Ibbetson Electric Power Engineers' Handbk. vi. 151 If the leads were not correctly phased out so that the phases of all the machines were in the same sequence, interchange of current between the alternators would occur. 1951 S. Deutsch Theory & Design Television Receivers xvi. 502 A phasing control is needed in order to phase the oscilloscope sweep so that the beam goes from left to right when the sweep frequency goes from its lowest to highest extremes. 1970 J. Earl How to choose Tuners & Amplifiers vi. 131 The two speakers of a stereo pair..can be correctly phased initially with little danger of the phasing being upset subsequently. 1986 Sci. Amer. Jan. 58/1 One can..‘phase up’, or synchronize, an entire ensemble of amplifiers. 1996 Marine Engineers Rev. Oct. 14/3 The propeller speed cannot be reduced before a diesel generator has been started, phased in, connected, and has taken over the entire load. 2. transitive. To organize, carry out, or introduce in phases (phase n.² 2a). Frequently with in (or out): to introduce into (or withdraw from) use, operation, etc., gradually or in stages; (also, intransitive) to be introduced (or withdrawn) in this way. (Now the usual sense.) to phase down: to reduce or decrease gradually. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] > bring or put into use travaila1382 to bring inc1384 employ1429 inveigh1547 innovate1548 to put into (also in) practice1553 to lay to1560 induct1615 produce1697 take1732 unlimber1867 phase1949 the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [verb (transitive)] > cause to advance or develop > in stages multi-stage1911 phase1949 stage1957 the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > reduce by degrees parea1475 whittle1552 thwittle1593 fritter1728 step1960 de-escalate1964 to phase down1970 1949 [implied in: Archit. Rev. 105 225/2 A phased building programme for all developments proposed for the accommodation of population and industry from London. (at phased adj. 2)]. 1951 News (Frederick, Maryland) 25 Sept. 2/6 The Marine Corps by next June 30 hopes to finish ‘phasing out’ all reservists who want to be separated. 1955 Bull. Atomic Scientists Feb. 57 New weapons must be ‘phased in’ gradually to our existing weapons systems. 1957 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Jrnl. 30 Sept. 6/6 The Army said it will be necessary to ‘phase down or close’ some posts, camps and training stations. 1963 Ann. Reg. 1962 97 The British members of the Commission preferred a merger phased over five years. 1965 R. Goode Individual Income Tax 241 It [sc. credit] is phased down to zero between an AGI of $4,000 and one of $8,000. 1969 Daily Tel. 13 Dec. 13/1 While he was ‘phasing out’ from the public view, he said, he was not shirking his duties as an MP. 1970 Daily Tel. 30 Sept. 1/6 The Jaguar 420G range of cars is to be gradually phased out of production. a1974 R. Crossman Diaries (1976) II. 472 As for national superannuation, we shouldn't try and bring it forward but phase it in in 1975, when a large number of existing pensioners will be dying off. 1980 Nature 1 May 2/3 A House subcommittee proposed that..capitation grants should be ‘phased-down’ by steps of 25% over the next three years. 1986 S. Churcher N.Y. Confidential vi. 140 The club is phasing out the discriminatory ‘limited pass’ system. 1991 Times Educ. Suppl. 18 Jan. 15/1 The timetable for phasing in the national curriculum is based on the academic year. 1996 U.S. News & World Rep. 12 Feb. 57/3 Two years ago, I thought this whole thing would phase out. 1998 Independent on Sunday 27 Sept. (Review Suppl.) 66/1 If this planting is phased over two years, begin with the conifers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹OEn.²1647v.1904
随便看	storiologist storiologists storiology storize stork stork pigeon stork-assembly stork-billed stork-fashion stork-flight stork-kind stork-like stork-migration stork-tribe storkassembly storkbilled storkbird storken storkfashion storkflight storkish storkkind storklike storkling storkmigration

phasen.1

phasen.2

Compounds

phasev.

phasen.¹

phasen.²