perturbationn.

Brit.

/ˌpəːtəˈbeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌpərdərˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English perturbacioun, Middle English perturbacyoun, Middle English perturbasyoun, Middle English perturbatioun, Middle English 1600s perturbacon, Middle English–1500s perturbacion, Middle English– perturbation, 1500s perturbacyon, 1500s preturbation (irregular); Scottish pre-1700 perturbacion, pre-1700 perturbacione, pre-1700 perturbacioune, pre-1700 perturbatione, pre-1700 perturbatioun, pre-1700 perturbatioune, pre-1700 perturbitioun, pre-1700 1700s– perturbation.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French perturbation; Latin perturbātiōn-, perturbātiō.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman perturbaciun, perturbatiun, perturbacione, Anglo-Norman and Middle French perturbacion, perturbation (1285 in Old French as perturbation ; French perturbation ) and its etymon classical Latin perturbātiōn-, perturbātiō agitation, distress, physical disturbance, disorder, confusion < perturbāt- , past participial stem of perturbāre perturb v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian perturbazione (13th cent. as perturbazion), Catalan pertorbació (1491 as perturbació), Spanish perturbación (late 14th cent.).With perturbation of the peace (see sense 1b) compare post-classical Latin perturbatio pacis (c1358, c1516 in British sources).

a. The action of perturbing a person's mind, heart, etc.; the fact or condition of being mentally perturbed; mental or spiritual agitation or disturbance. Also: an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > [noun]

stirringc888

maleasea1300

uneasea1300

diseasec1330

perturbationa1382

unrestfulnessc1384

disturbancea1387

unroc1390

distroublancea1400

perturbancec1425

unquietnessc1460

inquietation1461

conturbationc1470

unheart's-ease1470

distroubling1487

wanease15..

inquietness?1504

unrufe1508

sturt1513

pertroublancea1522

inquieting1527

unquieting1548

turmoiling1550

unquiet1551

agitation?1555

storm1569

wanrest1570

discountenance1577

float1579

disquiet1581

brangling1584

diseasefulnessa1586

restlessness1597

hurry1600

disturbancy1603

disquietment1606

disordera1616

laruma1616

uneasinessa1616

diseasementa1617

discomposture1622

discomposition1624

whirr1628

discomposednessa1631

discomposure1632

pother1638

incomposedness1653

inquietude1658

uneasefulness1661

toss1666

disquietednessa1680

intranquillitya1699

disquietude1709

bosom-broil1742

discomfort1779

rufflement1806

feeze1825

uncomfortableness1828

discomforture1832

astasia1839

dysphoria1842

purr1842

peacelessness1852

palaver1899

perturbment1901

heebie-jeebies1923

wahala1966

agita1979

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > [noun] > action or quality of upsetting

sturbing?c1225

sturblingc1330

troublingc1340

perturbationa1382

oversettinga1398

stroublinga1400

perturbancec1425

unresting?c1450

inquieting1527

disquieting1535

disquietment1606

discomfita1616

rufflement1806

discomfiture1885

upsettingness1922

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Wisd. xvii. 8 Þei..behiȝten dredis & perturbaciouns [a1425 L.V. disturblyngis; L. perturbationes] hem to putten out fro þe languysshyng soule.

?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. i. pr. v. 84 Thilke passiouns..ben waxen hard in swellynge by perturbacions [v.r. perturbasyouns] flowynge into thy thought.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 215 (MED) The passiones of the body redunde in to the perturbacion of the sawle.

1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxvii It is my ful entente to vysyte and comforte al my frenshippes and alyes, as wel in tyme of perturbation, as of moost propertye of blysse.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. v. 115 Richard thy wife,..Now fils thy sleepe with perturbations [printed preturbations; corrected in 1598] .

1621 J. Reynolds Triumphs Gods Revenge: 1st Bk. v. 172 His heart felt no griefe nor perturbation.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 113 Love was not in thir looks,..but apparent guilt, And shame, and perturbation, and despaire.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 218 The Perturbation of my Mind..was very great.

1773 C. Burney Present State Music in Germany I. 353 A little perturbation of the faculties, is a promising circumstance in a young musician.

1835 New Eng. Mag. Mar. 180 A fierce-looking gentleman..who, in evident perturbation, was pacing the floor of a private parlor.

1870 J. H. Newman Ess. Gram. Assent i. v. 105 These various perturbations of mind, which are characteristic of a bad conscience.

1927 Amer. Mercury Feb. 197/1 Into the eyes of the widow there came a faintly puzzled glint, even a gleam of perturbation.

1988 M. Charney Hamlet's Fictions i. iv. 57 They are cries of anguish and perturbation.

†b. The action of disturbing the peace, public order, etc.; public unrest or disorder; trouble; commotion. Also: an instance of this; a riot. Scottish in later use. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun]

winOE

torpelness?c1225

disturbance1297

workc1325

disturblingc1330

farec1330

frapec1330

disturbing1340

troublingc1340

blunderc1375

unresta1382

hurling1387

perturbationc1400

turbationc1400

rumblec1405

roara1413

rumourc1425

sturblance1435

troublec1435

stroublance1439

hurlc1440

hurly-burlyc1440

ruffling1440

stourc1440

rumblingc1450

sturbancec1450

unquietness?c1450

conturbationc1470

ruption1483

stir1487

wanrufe?a1505

rangat?a1513

business1514

turmoil1526

blommera1529

blunderinga1529

disturbation1529

bruyllie1535

garboil1543

bruslery1546

agitation1547

frayment1549

turmoiling1550

whirl1552

confusion1555

troublesomeness1561

rule1567

rummage1575

rabble1579

tumult1580

hurlement1585

rabblement1590

disturb1595

welter1596

coil1599

hurly1600

hurry1600

commotion1616

remotion1622

obturbation1623

stirrance1623

tumultuation1631

commoving1647

roiling1647

spudder1650

suffle1650

dissettlement1654

perturbancy1654

fermentationa1661

dissettledness1664

ferment1672

roil1690

hurry-scurry1753

vortex1761

rumpus1768

widdle1789

gilravagea1796

potheration1797

moil1824

festerment1833

burly1835

fidge1886

static1923

comess1944

frammis1946

bassa-bassa1956

c1400 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 401 (MED) Freris ben cause..of perturbacioun in Cristendom.

1460–1 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1460 382/2 Outrageous and ymmesurable perturbation and violence of the peas.

1531 in A. J. Mill Mediaeval Plays in Scotl. (1927) 124 Thame that beis absent..fra the said processioun or that makis trubill or perturbatioun thairin.

c1600 Hist. & Life James VI (1825) 168 For the..appeasing of trublis and perturbations appeyring and to reestablish..union amang his haill subjects.

1644 in D. Robertson S. Leith Rec. (1911) 52 The two deacons..to take order..that no perturbatione be in the backsyd of their lofts in tyme of divin service.

2. The disturbance of the regular order or state of a thing; irregular variation or disorder. In quot. a1398: †turbulence (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > [noun]

derayc1300

disray13..

disordinancec1374

unordaininga1382

perturbationa1398

disarrayc1410

misordera1513

disorder1530

confusionc1540

mistemper1549

indisposition1598

ataxy1615

disordination1626

indigestion1630

tumble1634

discomposure1641

incomposure1644

dyscrasy1647

dislocation1659

disarrayment1661

disjuncture1683

rack and manger1687

rantum-scantum1695

derangement1737

disarrangement1790

misarray1810

havoc1812

unhingement1817

mingle-mangleness1827

bedevilment1843

higgledy-piggledyness1854

ramshackledom1897

inchoateness1976

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 110^v In þe xxiij gree arisiþ þe sterres þat hatte hedy vespertini, & þanne is more perturbacioun in þe aier.

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 10 Auaylable against diseases and consumption of the Splene, and other perturbations Melancholike.

1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) Democritus to Rdr. 11 J require a fauourable censure of all faults omitted..perturbations of Tenses, numbers,..&c.

1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature v. 85 The magnificence of the world admits of some perturbations; not to say, requires some variety.

1766 T. Amory Life John Buncle II. ix. 303 The effervescence or perturbation was very soon so violent as to shew, that it..would quickly subvert the animal fabrick.

1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. iii. iii. §2 Perturbations of value during a period which cannot exceed the..time necessary for altering the supply.

1881 Nature 11 Aug. 344/1 Disease..is a perturbation of the normal activities of a living body.

1919 E. Pound Transl. of Aeschylus in Sel. Ess. (1968) 268 Inversions and perturbations of order in a language.

1986 Dædalus Summer 150 ‘Micro-social’ effects..can create major perturbations in the best-laid human plans and social trends.

†3. A cause or factor of disturbance or agitation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > [noun] > cause of

unquietnessc1530

disquieter1564

perturbation1600

upcast1823

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. iii. 154 Why doth the Crowne lie there vpon his pillow, Being so troublesome a bedfellow? O polisht perturbation! golden care!

1614 R. Tailor Hogge hath lost Pearle v. G ij Cressus royall selfe..is not tortured there as Poets feine With molton Gold and sulphrie flames of fire Or any such molesting perturbation.

a. Originally (Astronomy): the deflection of a celestial object from its theoretically regular orbit by the gravitational attraction of bodies other than its primary; an instance of this. Later more widely (Science): the deviation of a system, process, etc., from its normal or regular state, caused by an outside influence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [noun] > deviation

inequality1690

perturbation1798

1798 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 88 529 If Venus's perturbation of the motion of the earth were to be computed.

1812 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. xix. 216 The perturbation of the Earth caused by the attracting force of the Moon and planets.

1868 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 36 135 The motions [of molecules] are, however, not altogether free from perturbation.

1906 G. R. Sims Living London (rev. ed.) III. 278/1 The orbs which..enable mariners to calculate..the perturbations of the magnetic needle affecting compasses.

1946 H. Jeffreys & B. S. Jeffreys Methods Math. Physics xvi. 464 Without the disturbance due to other planets, the motion of any planet would be an ellipse, specified by six constants... To allow for perturbations these constants are taken as variables.

1979 Antiquaries Jrnl. 59 304 Topsoil-filled features cutting into these lower layers cause local perturbations (anomalies) in the earth's magnetic field.

1991 C. Mansall Discover Astrol. v. 93/2 Pluto is thought to be of a density powerful enough to exert sufficient gravitational pull to cause the inexplicable perturbations in the orbits of both Uranus and Neptune.

b. Physics and Mathematics. A slight alteration of the mathematical description of a physical system, esp. of the conditions which a solution of Schrödinger's equation must satisfy, from a relatively simple or directly soluble form to one which may be studied by comparison with it; a slight alteration of an equation, etc., by a small amount. Frequently attributive, as perturbation equation, perturbation method, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > wave mechanics > [noun] > perturbation

perturbation1835

1835 W. R. Hamilton in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 125 106 A remarkable result, which includes the whole theory of perturbation.

1899 Q. Jrnl. Math. 30 47 It is proposed to follow the theory of perturbations in the problems of mechanics in the order of its historical development from Lagrange to Lie.

1937 E. C. Kemble Fund. Princ. Quantum Mech. xi. 380 In quantum mechanics..perturbation methods are of fundamental importance due to the fact that so few problems can be rigorously solved by direct methods.

1956 R. H. Atkin Math. & Wave Mech. xi. 241 The method of perturbations is a practical technique for approximating to such solution.

1973 M. Alonso & H. Valk Quantum Mech. v. 202 Expressions (5.8–19) through (5.8–23) constitute the Rayleigh–Schroedinger perturbation series.

1993 Jrnl. Plasma Physics 49 6 To obtain the perturbed magnetic field in the gas cylinder..we use the relevant perturbation equations for the magnetic field.

Compounds

perturbation-theoretic adj. Physics and Mathematics relating to, based on, or employing perturbation theory.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [adjective] > characterized by theories of or approaches to

physico-mathematical1660

analytical1694

Bernoulli1749

analytic1761

Boolean1851

Sturmian1853

Bernoullian1876

Fermatian1887

Grassmannian1894

number-theoretic1899

Cantor1902

Cantorian1912

Tauberian1913

Thiessen1923

intuitionist1926

metamathematical1926

finitist1931

number-theoretical1936

finitistic1937

proof-theoretic1940

formalistic1941

Gödelian1942

constructivist1943

constructivistic1944

game-theoretical1946

game-theoretic1950

finitary1952

perturbation-theoretic1964

perturbation-theoretical1968

constructive1979

1964 Physical Rev. A. 133 1070 (heading) Perturbation theoretic calculation of polaron mobility.

1997 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 355 1509 The magnitudes of the multipole moments are so large that all perturbation theoretic relationships..are invalidated.

perturbation-theoretical adj. Physics and Mathematics = perturbation-theoretic adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [adjective] > characterized by theories of or approaches to

physico-mathematical1660

analytical1694

Bernoulli1749

analytic1761

Boolean1851

Sturmian1853

Bernoullian1876

Fermatian1887

Grassmannian1894

number-theoretic1899

Cantor1902

Cantorian1912

Tauberian1913

Thiessen1923

intuitionist1926

metamathematical1926

finitist1931

number-theoretical1936

finitistic1937

proof-theoretic1940

formalistic1941

Gödelian1942

constructivist1943

constructivistic1944

game-theoretical1946

game-theoretic1950

finitary1952

perturbation-theoretic1964

perturbation-theoretical1968

constructive1979

1968 C. G. Kuper Introd. Theory Superconductivity i. 2 Early attempts to construct a perturbation-theoretical model based on Fröhlich's interaction encountered severe mathematical difficulties.

1992 Physical Rev. A. 45 5951/1 The important k=0 limit is..in complete agreement with the corresponding rigorous perturbation-theoretical calculation.

perturbation theory n. Physics and Mathematics the method of investigating solutions of equations representing physical systems, esp. quantum systems, by relating them by means of perturbations to those of similar but simpler systems which can be solved directly.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > wave mechanics > [noun] > perturbation > theory of

perturbation theory1926

1926 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 111 301 If the [magnetic] field is weak we may use perturbation theory, according to which the change of energy of the stationary states is given, to the first order, by the constant term in the Fourier expansion of the energy of the perturbation in terms of the uniformising variables for the undisturbed system.

1972 G. E. Brown Many-body Probl. ii. 25 The two types of perturbation theory most commonly used are the Brillouin–Wigner perturbation expansion and the Rayleigh–Schrödinger one.

2000 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 9379/1 We use ab initio multiconfigurational second-order perturbation theory to establish the intrinsic photoisomerization path model of retinal chromophores.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	perturbation
释义	perturbationn. Brit. /ˌpəːtəˈbeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌpərdərˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English perturbacioun, Middle English perturbacyoun, Middle English perturbasyoun, Middle English perturbatioun, Middle English 1600s perturbacon, Middle English–1500s perturbacion, Middle English– perturbation, 1500s perturbacyon, 1500s preturbation (irregular); Scottish pre-1700 perturbacion, pre-1700 perturbacione, pre-1700 perturbacioune, pre-1700 perturbatione, pre-1700 perturbatioun, pre-1700 perturbatioune, pre-1700 perturbitioun, pre-1700 1700s– perturbation. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French perturbation; Latin perturbātiōn-, perturbātiō. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman perturbaciun, perturbatiun, perturbacione, Anglo-Norman and Middle French perturbacion, perturbation (1285 in Old French as perturbation ; French perturbation ) and its etymon classical Latin perturbātiōn-, perturbātiō agitation, distress, physical disturbance, disorder, confusion < perturbāt- , past participial stem of perturbāre perturb v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian perturbazione (13th cent. as perturbazion), Catalan pertorbació (1491 as perturbació), Spanish perturbación (late 14th cent.).With perturbation of the peace (see sense 1b) compare post-classical Latin perturbatio pacis (c1358, c1516 in British sources). 1. a. The action of perturbing a person's mind, heart, etc.; the fact or condition of being mentally perturbed; mental or spiritual agitation or disturbance. Also: an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > [noun] stirringc888 maleasea1300 uneasea1300 diseasec1330 perturbationa1382 unrestfulnessc1384 disturbancea1387 unroc1390 distroublancea1400 perturbancec1425 unquietnessc1460 inquietation1461 conturbationc1470 unheart's-ease1470 distroubling1487 wanease15.. inquietness?1504 unrufe1508 sturt1513 pertroublancea1522 inquieting1527 unquieting1548 turmoiling1550 unquiet1551 agitation?1555 storm1569 wanrest1570 discountenance1577 float1579 disquiet1581 brangling1584 diseasefulnessa1586 restlessness1597 hurry1600 disturbancy1603 disquietment1606 disordera1616 laruma1616 uneasinessa1616 diseasementa1617 discomposture1622 discomposition1624 whirr1628 discomposednessa1631 discomposure1632 pother1638 incomposedness1653 inquietude1658 uneasefulness1661 toss1666 disquietednessa1680 intranquillitya1699 disquietude1709 bosom-broil1742 discomfort1779 rufflement1806 feeze1825 uncomfortableness1828 discomforture1832 astasia1839 dysphoria1842 purr1842 peacelessness1852 palaver1899 perturbment1901 heebie-jeebies1923 wahala1966 agita1979 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > [noun] > action or quality of upsetting sturbing?c1225 sturblingc1330 troublingc1340 perturbationa1382 oversettinga1398 stroublinga1400 perturbancec1425 unresting?c1450 inquieting1527 disquieting1535 disquietment1606 discomfita1616 rufflement1806 discomfiture1885 upsettingness1922 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Wisd. xvii. 8 Þei..behiȝten dredis & perturbaciouns [a1425 L.V. disturblyngis; L. perturbationes] hem to putten out fro þe languysshyng soule. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. i. pr. v. 84 Thilke passiouns..ben waxen hard in swellynge by perturbacions [v.r. perturbasyouns] flowynge into thy thought. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 215 (MED) The passiones of the body redunde in to the perturbacion of the sawle. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxvii It is my ful entente to vysyte and comforte al my frenshippes and alyes, as wel in tyme of perturbation, as of moost propertye of blysse. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. v. 115 Richard thy wife,..Now fils thy sleepe with perturbations [printed preturbations; corrected in 1598] . View more context for this quotation 1621 J. Reynolds Triumphs Gods Revenge: 1st Bk. v. 172 His heart felt no griefe nor perturbation. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 113 Love was not in thir looks,..but apparent guilt, And shame, and perturbation, and despaire. View more context for this quotation 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 218 The Perturbation of my Mind..was very great. 1773 C. Burney Present State Music in Germany I. 353 A little perturbation of the faculties, is a promising circumstance in a young musician. 1835 New Eng. Mag. Mar. 180 A fierce-looking gentleman..who, in evident perturbation, was pacing the floor of a private parlor. 1870 J. H. Newman Ess. Gram. Assent i. v. 105 These various perturbations of mind, which are characteristic of a bad conscience. 1927 Amer. Mercury Feb. 197/1 Into the eyes of the widow there came a faintly puzzled glint, even a gleam of perturbation. 1988 M. Charney Hamlet's Fictions i. iv. 57 They are cries of anguish and perturbation. †b. The action of disturbing the peace, public order, etc.; public unrest or disorder; trouble; commotion. Also: an instance of this; a riot. Scottish in later use. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] winOE torpelness?c1225 disturbance1297 workc1325 disturblingc1330 farec1330 frapec1330 disturbing1340 troublingc1340 blunderc1375 unresta1382 hurling1387 perturbationc1400 turbationc1400 rumblec1405 roara1413 rumourc1425 sturblance1435 troublec1435 stroublance1439 hurlc1440 hurly-burlyc1440 ruffling1440 stourc1440 rumblingc1450 sturbancec1450 unquietness?c1450 conturbationc1470 ruption1483 stir1487 wanrufe?a1505 rangat?a1513 business1514 turmoil1526 blommera1529 blunderinga1529 disturbation1529 bruyllie1535 garboil1543 bruslery1546 agitation1547 frayment1549 turmoiling1550 whirl1552 confusion1555 troublesomeness1561 rule1567 rummage1575 rabble1579 tumult1580 hurlement1585 rabblement1590 disturb1595 welter1596 coil1599 hurly1600 hurry1600 commotion1616 remotion1622 obturbation1623 stirrance1623 tumultuation1631 commoving1647 roiling1647 spudder1650 suffle1650 dissettlement1654 perturbancy1654 fermentationa1661 dissettledness1664 ferment1672 roil1690 hurry-scurry1753 vortex1761 rumpus1768 widdle1789 gilravagea1796 potheration1797 moil1824 festerment1833 burly1835 fidge1886 static1923 comess1944 frammis1946 bassa-bassa1956 c1400 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 401 (MED) Freris ben cause..of perturbacioun in Cristendom. 1460–1 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1460 382/2 Outrageous and ymmesurable perturbation and violence of the peas. 1531 in A. J. Mill Mediaeval Plays in Scotl. (1927) 124 Thame that beis absent..fra the said processioun or that makis trubill or perturbatioun thairin. c1600 Hist. & Life James VI (1825) 168 For the..appeasing of trublis and perturbations appeyring and to reestablish..union amang his haill subjects. 1644 in D. Robertson S. Leith Rec. (1911) 52 The two deacons..to take order..that no perturbatione be in the backsyd of their lofts in tyme of divin service. 2. The disturbance of the regular order or state of a thing; irregular variation or disorder. In quot. a1398: †turbulence (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > [noun] derayc1300 disray13.. disordinancec1374 unordaininga1382 perturbationa1398 disarrayc1410 misordera1513 disorder1530 confusionc1540 mistemper1549 indisposition1598 ataxy1615 disordination1626 indigestion1630 tumble1634 discomposure1641 incomposure1644 dyscrasy1647 dislocation1659 disarrayment1661 disjuncture1683 rack and manger1687 rantum-scantum1695 derangement1737 disarrangement1790 misarray1810 havoc1812 unhingement1817 mingle-mangleness1827 bedevilment1843 higgledy-piggledyness1854 ramshackledom1897 inchoateness1976 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 110^v In þe xxiij gree arisiþ þe sterres þat hatte hedy vespertini, & þanne is more perturbacioun in þe aier. 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 10 Auaylable against diseases and consumption of the Splene, and other perturbations Melancholike. 1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) Democritus to Rdr. 11 J require a fauourable censure of all faults omitted..perturbations of Tenses, numbers,..&c. 1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature v. 85 The magnificence of the world admits of some perturbations; not to say, requires some variety. 1766 T. Amory Life John Buncle II. ix. 303 The effervescence or perturbation was very soon so violent as to shew, that it..would quickly subvert the animal fabrick. 1848 J. S. Mill Princ. Polit. Econ. iii. iii. §2 Perturbations of value during a period which cannot exceed the..time necessary for altering the supply. 1881 Nature 11 Aug. 344/1 Disease..is a perturbation of the normal activities of a living body. 1919 E. Pound Transl. of Aeschylus in Sel. Ess. (1968) 268 Inversions and perturbations of order in a language. 1986 Dædalus Summer 150 ‘Micro-social’ effects..can create major perturbations in the best-laid human plans and social trends. †3. A cause or factor of disturbance or agitation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > [noun] > cause of unquietnessc1530 disquieter1564 perturbation1600 upcast1823 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. iii. 154 Why doth the Crowne lie there vpon his pillow, Being so troublesome a bedfellow? O polisht perturbation! golden care! View more context for this quotation 1614 R. Tailor Hogge hath lost Pearle v. G ij Cressus royall selfe..is not tortured there as Poets feine With molton Gold and sulphrie flames of fire Or any such molesting perturbation. 4. a. Originally (Astronomy): the deflection of a celestial object from its theoretically regular orbit by the gravitational attraction of bodies other than its primary; an instance of this. Later more widely (Science): the deviation of a system, process, etc., from its normal or regular state, caused by an outside influence. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [noun] > deviation inequality1690 perturbation1798 1798 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 88 529 If Venus's perturbation of the motion of the earth were to be computed. 1812 R. Woodhouse Elem. Treat. Astron. xix. 216 The perturbation of the Earth caused by the attracting force of the Moon and planets. 1868 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 36 135 The motions [of molecules] are, however, not altogether free from perturbation. 1906 G. R. Sims Living London (rev. ed.) III. 278/1 The orbs which..enable mariners to calculate..the perturbations of the magnetic needle affecting compasses. 1946 H. Jeffreys & B. S. Jeffreys Methods Math. Physics xvi. 464 Without the disturbance due to other planets, the motion of any planet would be an ellipse, specified by six constants... To allow for perturbations these constants are taken as variables. 1979 Antiquaries Jrnl. 59 304 Topsoil-filled features cutting into these lower layers cause local perturbations (anomalies) in the earth's magnetic field. 1991 C. Mansall Discover Astrol. v. 93/2 Pluto is thought to be of a density powerful enough to exert sufficient gravitational pull to cause the inexplicable perturbations in the orbits of both Uranus and Neptune. b. Physics and Mathematics. A slight alteration of the mathematical description of a physical system, esp. of the conditions which a solution of Schrödinger's equation must satisfy, from a relatively simple or directly soluble form to one which may be studied by comparison with it; a slight alteration of an equation, etc., by a small amount. Frequently attributive, as perturbation equation, perturbation method, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > wave mechanics > [noun] > perturbation perturbation1835 1835 W. R. Hamilton in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 125 106 A remarkable result, which includes the whole theory of perturbation. 1899 Q. Jrnl. Math. 30 47 It is proposed to follow the theory of perturbations in the problems of mechanics in the order of its historical development from Lagrange to Lie. 1937 E. C. Kemble Fund. Princ. Quantum Mech. xi. 380 In quantum mechanics..perturbation methods are of fundamental importance due to the fact that so few problems can be rigorously solved by direct methods. 1956 R. H. Atkin Math. & Wave Mech. xi. 241 The method of perturbations is a practical technique for approximating to such solution. 1973 M. Alonso & H. Valk Quantum Mech. v. 202 Expressions (5.8–19) through (5.8–23) constitute the Rayleigh–Schroedinger perturbation series. 1993 Jrnl. Plasma Physics 49 6 To obtain the perturbed magnetic field in the gas cylinder..we use the relevant perturbation equations for the magnetic field. Compounds perturbation-theoretic adj. Physics and Mathematics relating to, based on, or employing perturbation theory. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [adjective] > characterized by theories of or approaches to physico-mathematical1660 analytical1694 Bernoulli1749 analytic1761 Boolean1851 Sturmian1853 Bernoullian1876 Fermatian1887 Grassmannian1894 number-theoretic1899 Cantor1902 Cantorian1912 Tauberian1913 Thiessen1923 intuitionist1926 metamathematical1926 finitist1931 number-theoretical1936 finitistic1937 proof-theoretic1940 formalistic1941 Gödelian1942 constructivist1943 constructivistic1944 game-theoretical1946 game-theoretic1950 finitary1952 perturbation-theoretic1964 perturbation-theoretical1968 constructive1979 1964 Physical Rev. A. 133 1070 (heading) Perturbation theoretic calculation of polaron mobility. 1997 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 355 1509 The magnitudes of the multipole moments are so large that all perturbation theoretic relationships..are invalidated. perturbation-theoretical adj. Physics and Mathematics = perturbation-theoretic adj. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [adjective] > characterized by theories of or approaches to physico-mathematical1660 analytical1694 Bernoulli1749 analytic1761 Boolean1851 Sturmian1853 Bernoullian1876 Fermatian1887 Grassmannian1894 number-theoretic1899 Cantor1902 Cantorian1912 Tauberian1913 Thiessen1923 intuitionist1926 metamathematical1926 finitist1931 number-theoretical1936 finitistic1937 proof-theoretic1940 formalistic1941 Gödelian1942 constructivist1943 constructivistic1944 game-theoretical1946 game-theoretic1950 finitary1952 perturbation-theoretic1964 perturbation-theoretical1968 constructive1979 1968 C. G. Kuper Introd. Theory Superconductivity i. 2 Early attempts to construct a perturbation-theoretical model based on Fröhlich's interaction encountered severe mathematical difficulties. 1992 Physical Rev. A. 45 5951/1 The important k=0 limit is..in complete agreement with the corresponding rigorous perturbation-theoretical calculation. perturbation theory n. Physics and Mathematics the method of investigating solutions of equations representing physical systems, esp. quantum systems, by relating them by means of perturbations to those of similar but simpler systems which can be solved directly. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > wave mechanics > [noun] > perturbation > theory of perturbation theory1926 1926 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 111 301 If the [magnetic] field is weak we may use perturbation theory, according to which the change of energy of the stationary states is given, to the first order, by the constant term in the Fourier expansion of the energy of the perturbation in terms of the uniformising variables for the undisturbed system. 1972 G. E. Brown Many-body Probl. ii. 25 The two types of perturbation theory most commonly used are the Brillouin–Wigner perturbation expansion and the Rayleigh–Schrödinger one. 2000 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 9379/1 We use ab initio multiconfigurational second-order perturbation theory to establish the intrinsic photoisomerization path model of retinal chromophores. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1382
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