curn.

Brit.

/kəː/, U.S.

/kər/

Forms: (Middle English kur-dogge), Middle English–1500s kurre, Middle English–1600s curre, 1600s–1700s curr, Middle English– cur.

Etymology: Middle English curre corresponds to Middle Dutch corre ‘canis villaticus, domesticus’ (Kilian), Swedish and Norwegian (widely-spread) dialect kurre, korre ‘dog’, etc. The latter is generally associated with the onomatopoeic verb Old Norse kurra to murmur, grumble, Swedish kurra to grumble, rumble, snarl, Danish kurre to coo, German obsolete and dialect kurren to growl, grumble, murmur, coo, compare gurren to coo, Middle High German gürren to bray as an ass. The primary sense appears thus to have been ‘growling or snarling beast’. But no corresponding verb appears in English, so that Middle English kurre was probably introduced from some continental source. The combination kur-dogge is met with considerably earlier than the simple kurre, cur. Senses 2, 3 are possibly independent echoic formations.

a. A dog: now always depreciative or contemptuous; a worthless, low-bred, or snappish dog. Formerly (and still sometimes dialectally) applied without depreciation, esp. to a watchdog or shepherd's dog.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun]

houndc897

dogOE

cur?c1225

cur-dog?c1225

barker1393

tykec1400

bawtiec1536

bufe1567

cute1622

bow-wow1785

buffer1819

growler1822

purp1861

canine1863

ki-yi1884

dawg1898

wonk1900

mong1903

pooch1908

poochie1934

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] > inferior

cur?c1225

cur-dog?c1225

trundle-tail1486

sholt1587

cute1622

penny doga1682

mutt1900

tripe-hound1923

fleabag1932

?c1225 [see Compounds 1].

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Prol. 396 The lyoun..Hym deynyth nat to wreke hym on a flye, As doth a curre or ellis a-nothir beste.

1486 Bk. St. Albans F vj b A Cowardnes of curris.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1972 Brittonet þi body into bare qwarters, And caste vnto curres as caren to ete.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. f. 37 Neuer had shepheard so kene a kurre.

1598 J. Manwood Treat. Lawes Forrest xvi. f. 93^v The Mastiues, and such like curres, that are of the Mastiue kinde.

1602 2nd Pt. Returne from Pernassus (Arb.) ii. v. 30 Dunghill dogges, trindle tailes, prick-eard curres.

1684 R. Howlett School Recreat. 13 The most Staunch and best Hunting Hounds; (all babling and flying Curs being left at home).

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 112 The Shepherd last appears, And with him..his trusty Cur .

1710 A. Philips Pastorals iv. 119 Then send our Curs to gather up the Sheep.

1712 J. Arbuthnot App. to John Bull Still in Senses i. 6 I am hunted away..by every barking Curr about the House.

1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville II. 208 These dogs..were of more use than the beggarly curs of cities.

1884 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) Cur, a good, sharp watchdog. The word does not refer, in the least, to low breeding.

b. figurative. As a term of contempt: a surly, ill-bred, low, or cowardly fellow.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > held in contempt > male

houndOE

churlc1300

pagec1385

jockeya1529

sincanterc1540

cullion1575

cur1600

swabber1612

codworm1615

bob-taila1625

pompilliona1625

duck's meata1627

swab1687

person1704

hallion1789

jackeen1810

peat1818

the mind > emotion > fear > cowardice or pusillanimity > [noun] > coward(s) > base or acknowledged coward

nithingOE

crathona1400

cradden1513

dastarda1529

poltroona1529

sneaksby1580

craven1581

niddering1596

fazart1597

cur1600

niding1605

white-liver1614

nidderling1664

snool1718

dastardling1800

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 65 Out dog, out curre: thou driu'st me past the bounds Of maidens patience.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. i. 166 What would you haue, you Curres, That like nor Peace, nor Warre?

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 57. ¶3 I have heard her, in her Wrath, call a Substantial Trades-man a Lousy-Cur.

1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. viii. 263 That I may drive away These curs, brought hither by an evil fate.

†2. A fish: the Elleck or Red Gurnard, Trigla cuculus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Triglidae (gurnards) > genus Trigla > trigla cuculus (red gurnard)

rochet1345

cur1589

red fish1611

rocketa1655

red gurnarda1672

sea-cock1704

soldier1846

elleck1862

peeper1880

latchett1882

1589 J. Rider Bibliotheca Scholastica 1720 Fishes. A curre fish, Cuculus.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Capo..a fish called a cur, a gull, a bulhead, or a millers thumbe.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 194 Curre is a sweet fish, but not the best, it hath much flesh, white, hard and dry.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl.

3. A species of duck: the Golden-eye, Clangula glaucion. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > genus Bucephala > bucephala clangula (golden-eye)

cur1621

goldeneye1622

shelden1674

whistling duck1699

four-eyes1755

garrot1829

jingler1829

great-head1843

musselcracker1845

whistle-wing1872

ironhead1888

whiffler1888

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. ii. i. 89 Teales, Curres, Sheldrakes..which come hether in winter.

1841 J. T. J. Hewlett Parish Clerk III. 8 Harry drew his attention to a solitary cur—a species of duck more easily approachable than the others.

1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 161 Golden-eye..Curre. From the bird's croaking cry.

Compounds

C1. cur-dog n. in preceding senses. So cur-bitch, cur-fox, cur-tyke.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun]

houndc897

dogOE

cur?c1225

cur-dog?c1225

barker1393

tykec1400

bawtiec1536

bufe1567

cute1622

bow-wow1785

buffer1819

growler1822

purp1861

canine1863

ki-yi1884

dawg1898

wonk1900

mong1903

pooch1908

poochie1934

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] > inferior

cur?c1225

cur-dog?c1225

trundle-tail1486

sholt1587

cute1622

penny doga1682

mutt1900

tripe-hound1923

fleabag1932

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 214 Þe dogge of helle..þefule cur dogge.

c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 562/23 Agerarius, a curdogge.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxxi. f. cliii A mastife or great curre Dogge.

1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 294 This Curdog..will serue, my sheepe to gather.

a1625 J. Fletcher Mad Lover iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. C^v/2 Coward goe with thy catine soule, thou cur dog.

1728 Capt. Hall in Philos. Trans. 1727–8 (Royal Soc.) 35 309 We got three Curr-Dogs.

1859 W. Collins Queen of Hearts I. 72 One of the largest and ugliest cur-dogs in England..barking at her heels.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Mastine, a Mastiue, or Curre bitch.1663 Earl of Lauderdale in O. Airy Lauderdale Papers (1884) I. 175 I care not three skips of a Curre tyke what can be said or done against me.1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 332 The grey-hound fox..The mastiff fox..The cur fox is the least and most common.

C2.

† cur-fish n. Obsolete the dogfish.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	cur
释义	curn. Brit. /kəː/, U.S. /kər/ Forms: (Middle English kur-dogge), Middle English–1500s kurre, Middle English–1600s curre, 1600s–1700s curr, Middle English– cur. Etymology: Middle English curre corresponds to Middle Dutch corre ‘canis villaticus, domesticus’ (Kilian), Swedish and Norwegian (widely-spread) dialect kurre, korre ‘dog’, etc. The latter is generally associated with the onomatopoeic verb Old Norse kurra to murmur, grumble, Swedish kurra to grumble, rumble, snarl, Danish kurre to coo, German obsolete and dialect kurren to growl, grumble, murmur, coo, compare gurren to coo, Middle High German gürren to bray as an ass. The primary sense appears thus to have been ‘growling or snarling beast’. But no corresponding verb appears in English, so that Middle English kurre was probably introduced from some continental source. The combination kur-dogge is met with considerably earlier than the simple kurre, cur. Senses 2, 3 are possibly independent echoic formations. 1. a. A dog: now always depreciative or contemptuous; a worthless, low-bred, or snappish dog. Formerly (and still sometimes dialectally) applied without depreciation, esp. to a watchdog or shepherd's dog. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] houndc897 dogOE cur?c1225 cur-dog?c1225 barker1393 tykec1400 bawtiec1536 bufe1567 cute1622 bow-wow1785 buffer1819 growler1822 purp1861 canine1863 ki-yi1884 dawg1898 wonk1900 mong1903 pooch1908 poochie1934 the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] > inferior cur?c1225 cur-dog?c1225 trundle-tail1486 sholt1587 cute1622 penny doga1682 mutt1900 tripe-hound1923 fleabag1932 ?c1225 [see Compounds 1]. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Prol. 396 The lyoun..Hym deynyth nat to wreke hym on a flye, As doth a curre or ellis a-nothir beste. 1486 Bk. St. Albans F vj b A Cowardnes of curris. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1972 Brittonet þi body into bare qwarters, And caste vnto curres as caren to ete. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. f. 37 Neuer had shepheard so kene a kurre. 1598 J. Manwood Treat. Lawes Forrest xvi. f. 93^v The Mastiues, and such like curres, that are of the Mastiue kinde. 1602 2nd Pt. Returne from Pernassus (Arb.) ii. v. 30 Dunghill dogges, trindle tailes, prick-eard curres. 1684 R. Howlett School Recreat. 13 The most Staunch and best Hunting Hounds; (all babling and flying Curs being left at home). 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 112 The Shepherd last appears, And with him..his trusty Cur . View more context for this quotation 1710 A. Philips Pastorals iv. 119 Then send our Curs to gather up the Sheep. 1712 J. Arbuthnot App. to John Bull Still in Senses i. 6 I am hunted away..by every barking Curr about the House. 1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville II. 208 These dogs..were of more use than the beggarly curs of cities. 1884 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) Cur, a good, sharp watchdog. The word does not refer, in the least, to low breeding. b. figurative. As a term of contempt: a surly, ill-bred, low, or cowardly fellow. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > held in contempt > male houndOE churlc1300 pagec1385 jockeya1529 sincanterc1540 cullion1575 cur1600 swabber1612 codworm1615 bob-taila1625 pompilliona1625 duck's meata1627 swab1687 person1704 hallion1789 jackeen1810 peat1818 the mind > emotion > fear > cowardice or pusillanimity > [noun] > coward(s) > base or acknowledged coward nithingOE crathona1400 cradden1513 dastarda1529 poltroona1529 sneaksby1580 craven1581 niddering1596 fazart1597 cur1600 niding1605 white-liver1614 nidderling1664 snool1718 dastardling1800 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 65 Out dog, out curre: thou driu'st me past the bounds Of maidens patience. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. i. 166 What would you haue, you Curres, That like nor Peace, nor Warre? View more context for this quotation 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 57. ¶3 I have heard her, in her Wrath, call a Substantial Trades-man a Lousy-Cur. 1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. viii. 263 That I may drive away These curs, brought hither by an evil fate. †2. A fish: the Elleck or Red Gurnard, Trigla cuculus. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Scorpaeniformes (scorpion-fish) > [noun] > family Triglidae (gurnards) > genus Trigla > trigla cuculus (red gurnard) rochet1345 cur1589 red fish1611 rocketa1655 red gurnarda1672 sea-cock1704 soldier1846 elleck1862 peeper1880 latchett1882 1589 J. Rider Bibliotheca Scholastica 1720 Fishes. A curre fish, Cuculus. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Capo..a fish called a cur, a gull, a bulhead, or a millers thumbe. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 194 Curre is a sweet fish, but not the best, it hath much flesh, white, hard and dry. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. 3. A species of duck: the Golden-eye, Clangula glaucion. dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > genus Bucephala > bucephala clangula (golden-eye) cur1621 goldeneye1622 shelden1674 whistling duck1699 four-eyes1755 garrot1829 jingler1829 great-head1843 musselcracker1845 whistle-wing1872 ironhead1888 whiffler1888 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. ii. i. 89 Teales, Curres, Sheldrakes..which come hether in winter. 1841 J. T. J. Hewlett Parish Clerk III. 8 Harry drew his attention to a solitary cur—a species of duck more easily approachable than the others. 1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 161 Golden-eye..Curre. From the bird's croaking cry. Compounds C1. cur-dog n. in preceding senses. So cur-bitch, cur-fox, cur-tyke. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] houndc897 dogOE cur?c1225 cur-dog?c1225 barker1393 tykec1400 bawtiec1536 bufe1567 cute1622 bow-wow1785 buffer1819 growler1822 purp1861 canine1863 ki-yi1884 dawg1898 wonk1900 mong1903 pooch1908 poochie1934 the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] > inferior cur?c1225 cur-dog?c1225 trundle-tail1486 sholt1587 cute1622 penny doga1682 mutt1900 tripe-hound1923 fleabag1932 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 214 Þe dogge of helle..þefule cur dogge. c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 562/23 Agerarius, a curdogge. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxxi. f. cliii A mastife or great curre Dogge. 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 294 This Curdog..will serue, my sheepe to gather. a1625 J. Fletcher Mad Lover iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. C^v/2 Coward goe with thy catine soule, thou cur dog. 1728 Capt. Hall in Philos. Trans. 1727–8 (Royal Soc.) 35 309 We got three Curr-Dogs. 1859 W. Collins Queen of Hearts I. 72 One of the largest and ugliest cur-dogs in England..barking at her heels. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Mastine, a Mastiue, or Curre bitch.1663 Earl of Lauderdale in O. Airy Lauderdale Papers (1884) I. 175 I care not three skips of a Curre tyke what can be said or done against me.1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 332 The grey-hound fox..The mastiff fox..The cur fox is the least and most common. C2. † cur-fish n. Obsolete the dogfish. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?c1225
随便看	flexiblest flexiblier flexibliest flexibly flexicostate flexile flexiler flexilest flexility flexiloquent flexing flexion flexional flexionless flexions flexitarian flexitarianism flexitime flexitimes flexity flexive flexively flexographic flexographically flexographies