peroxiden.adj.

Brit.

/pəˈrɒksʌɪd/, U.S.

/pəˈrɑkˌsaɪd/

Forms: 1800s peroxyd, 1800s peroxyde, 1800s– peroxide.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: per- prefix, oxide n.

Etymology: < per- prefix + oxide n. (see quot. 1804¹ at sense A. 1).For this use of per- in chemical nomenclature see per- prefix 2a.

A. n.

1. Chemistry. Originally: the compound of oxygen with a specified element which contains the greatest possible proportion of oxygen. Now usually: a compound that has at least one pair of oxygen atoms bonded to each other in its molecule or contains the anion O₂²⁻.hydrogen, nitrogen peroxide: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > oxygen > [noun] > compounds > oxides > peroxides

foam of copperas1538

colcothar1605

peroxide1804

oxynitric gas1805

superoxide1807

oxynitric acid1810

hyperoxide1855

oxylithe1902

hydrogen peroxide1907

1804 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 2) I. 103 When a metal has combined with as much oxygen as possible, I shall denote the compound formed by the term peroxide; indicating by it, that the metal is thoroughly oxidized. Thus we have..the terms protoxide and peroxide to denote the minimum and maximum of oxidizement.

1804 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 94 324 The air,..after the wax is burned, combines with the superficial part of the oxide, and converts a portion of it into the red or peroxide.

1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 380 There are two definite combinations of tin and oxygene: the first, which may be called the protoxide, is gray; the second, which may be called the peroxide, is white.

1857 J. D. Dana Min. (1862) 249 Iron sinter is a yellowish or brownish hydrous arsenate of the peroxyd of iron.

1858 B. C. Brodie in Proc. Royal Soc. 9 362 I have to add a new term to this series, of which hitherto no analogue has existed. This term is the peroxide of the organic radical,—the body which in the series of acetyl corresponds to the peroxide of hydrogen or barium in the series of the metal.

1881 Chem. News 20 May 233/1 The peroxide of ethyl remains as a dense syrupy liquid.

1922 H. G. Denham Inorg. Chem. xiii. 198 True peroxides are held to possess the linking present in hydrogen peroxide, OO.

1950 N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements II. 871 The binary inorganic compounds are commonly known as peroxides: this name should be confined to OO compounds, but is often extended to include any metallic oxides with an unusually large amount of oxygen, such as PbO₂ and MnO₂.

1993 Dog World Oct. 41/1 Glutathione's purpose is to keep free radicals and peroxides from damaging DNA, cell membranes and other cellular elements.

2. Originally U.S.

a. Hydrogen peroxide, used as a bleach, disinfectant, etc. Also (colloquial): hair treated with or as with peroxide; a treatment of peroxide.

ΚΠ

1889 Cambridge (Ohio) Jeffersonian 5 Dec. 4/3 Fill a tumbler with the peroxide, to which ten or twelve drops of ammonia..has been added. Divide the hair in small locks, and, dipping a closetoothed comb in the tumbler, comb the hair from the roots to the end.

1903 R. L. McCardell Conversat. Chorus Girl 13 She was a pronounced blonde, but you could have spelled it peroxide.

a1910 ‘O. Henry’ Best of O. Henry (1929) xli. 364 No sign of the three p's about her—no peroxide, patchouli, nor peau de soie.

1977 Early Music 5 347/2 If the reed is old there are four levels of treatment of increasing severity: internal cleaning, rescraping, softening in peroxide, and throwing away.

2001 K. Lette Nip 'n' Tuck 214 The peroxide grew out and my crown of unruly curls sprang back.

b. colloquial. A person who has bleached blonde hair; a peroxide blonde.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [noun] > person having light

blonde1822

tow-head1829

blondie1882

strawberry blond1884

bottle blonde1898

ash-blond1903

peroxide1903

peroxide blonde1909

platinum blonde1931

1896 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Sentinel 20 June ii, Seated at a long table were six typical ‘hayseeds’, each holding out a sun burned, horny and corrugated fist to a pretty peroxide of golden haired girl who bent over it earnestly.]

1903 N.Y. Times 17 May (Mag. Suppl.) 6/4 I hate girls who make up,..and most of these blondes are peroxides.

1935 D. L. Sayers Gaudy Night iii. 55 Or the tightly-corseted peroxide of sixty, whose hat would better have suited an eighteen-year-old débutante at Ascot?

1998 Total Football Nov. 80/1 The potty peroxide lay on his back, willing Alan Shearer..to squirt water into his ready cakehole.

B. adj.

colloquial. Of hair: treated with or as with (hydrogen) peroxide; bleached blonde; (of a person) having bleached blonde hair. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [adjective] > light hair > having

white-headed1571

whitehead1577

fair-haired1598

silver-haired1678

light-haired?1746

blonde-locked1837

tow-headed1850

tow-haired1887

peroxide1899

blondie1905

straw-blond1928

platinum blonde1932

1899 G. Ade Fables in Slang 94 The Plaintiff, who belonged to the Peroxide tribe.

1905 H. Rowland Digressions of Polly xiv. 147 How actresses with peroxide hair can possibly have an attraction for you.

1960 Guardian 22 July 7/2 Three East Berlin peroxide girls whose beehives tower over provocative curves.

1996 C. Brookmyre Quite Ugly One Morning xv. 93 It had been his ex-wife's fault, Tina, curse the peroxide slut.

1997 J. Hawes Rancid Aluminium (1998) xv. 171 If you are a woman, on the other hand, it means you are probably wearing short, dyed hair (black or peroxide) with a designer-simple sleeveless minidress.

Compounds

peroxide blonde n. and adj. (also peroxide blond) (a) n. colloquial a person who has peroxided or bleached hair; (b) adj. (of hair) bleached blonde with hydrogen peroxide; (of a person) having such hair.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [noun] > person having light

blonde1822

tow-head1829

blondie1882

strawberry blond1884

bottle blonde1898

ash-blond1903

peroxide1903

peroxide blonde1909

platinum blonde1931

1909 H. Rowland Refl. Bachelor Girl 17 Men say they hate anything loud about a woman; it must be disgust that makes them always turn around to stare after a peroxide blonde.

1941 L. Fischer Men & Politics xxi. 362 He leaned his shoulder against a hatless peroxide-blonde young woman; she was wearing a silk dress.

1974 Times 26 Oct. 8/8 The corny peroxide blondes with their plucked eyebrows.

1997 Empire Sept. 56/2 Her peroxide blonde hair and death-defying curves were hung on walls the country over.

peroxide bond n. Chemistry a single bond between two oxygen atoms in a molecule.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > oxygen > [noun] > compounds > oxides > peroxides > bonds

peroxide bond1949

1949 Chem. Rev. 45 399 Whether the decomposition of a given hydroperoxide involves radical or cationic intermediates probably depends on the amount of polarization of the peroxide bond.

2002 Photochem. & Photobiol. 76 35 Their rate of decay is enhanced..and gives rise to reactive radicals, via cleavage of the peroxide bond.

peroxide group n. Chemistry the divalent group —O—O—.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > oxygen > [noun] > compounds > oxides > peroxides > groups

peroxide group1899

1899 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 76 ii. 659 The authors have obtained two new series of compounds which contain the peroxide group.

1939 F. A. Philbrick Inorg. Chem. xvii. 274 In structure the true peroxides are distinguished by containing in the molecule one or more peroxide groups, —O—O—, such as are present in hydrogen peroxide.

1997 Fund. & Clin. Pharmacol. 11 537 The replacement of the bridging oxygen between beta and gamma phosphorus by a peroxide group did not significantly change the activity, whereas substitution by a methylene group completely abolished stimulation of insulin secretion.

peroxide hair n. hair bleached with or as with hydrogen peroxide.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [noun] > coloured

peroxide hair1913

1913 Times 31 Jan. 4/1 ‘Peroxide hair?’—‘Yes.’ ‘Painted face’—‘Yes.’

1990 W. Wasserstein Bachelor Girls 189 I wanted Donna, whose peroxide hair was teased to Olympus.

peroxide shampoo n. a shampoo containing hydrogen peroxide; a treatment using such a shampoo.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing agents > [noun] > shampoo

shampoo1838

dry shampoo1890

peroxide shampoo1966

1966 J. Stevens Cox Illustr. Dict. Hairdressing & Wigmaking 111/1 Peroxide shampoo, a soft soap shampoo incorporating a small quantity of 20 vol. peroxide of hydrogen and two or three drops of ·880 ammonium hydroxide.

2003 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 4 Apr. 21 It takes real brains to turn minimal talent, a peroxide shampoo and a cheesy smile into super successful TV stardom.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	peroxide
释义	peroxiden.adj. Brit. /pəˈrɒksʌɪd/, U.S. /pəˈrɑkˌsaɪd/ Forms: 1800s peroxyd, 1800s peroxyde, 1800s– peroxide. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: per- prefix, oxide n. Etymology: < per- prefix + oxide n. (see quot. 1804¹ at sense A. 1).For this use of per- in chemical nomenclature see per- prefix 2a. A. n. 1. Chemistry. Originally: the compound of oxygen with a specified element which contains the greatest possible proportion of oxygen. Now usually: a compound that has at least one pair of oxygen atoms bonded to each other in its molecule or contains the anion O₂²⁻.hydrogen, nitrogen peroxide: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > oxygen > [noun] > compounds > oxides > peroxides foam of copperas1538 colcothar1605 peroxide1804 oxynitric gas1805 superoxide1807 oxynitric acid1810 hyperoxide1855 oxylithe1902 hydrogen peroxide1907 1804 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 2) I. 103 When a metal has combined with as much oxygen as possible, I shall denote the compound formed by the term peroxide; indicating by it, that the metal is thoroughly oxidized. Thus we have..the terms protoxide and peroxide to denote the minimum and maximum of oxidizement. 1804 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 94 324 The air,..after the wax is burned, combines with the superficial part of the oxide, and converts a portion of it into the red or peroxide. 1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 380 There are two definite combinations of tin and oxygene: the first, which may be called the protoxide, is gray; the second, which may be called the peroxide, is white. 1857 J. D. Dana Min. (1862) 249 Iron sinter is a yellowish or brownish hydrous arsenate of the peroxyd of iron. 1858 B. C. Brodie in Proc. Royal Soc. 9 362 I have to add a new term to this series, of which hitherto no analogue has existed. This term is the peroxide of the organic radical,—the body which in the series of acetyl corresponds to the peroxide of hydrogen or barium in the series of the metal. 1881 Chem. News 20 May 233/1 The peroxide of ethyl remains as a dense syrupy liquid. 1922 H. G. Denham Inorg. Chem. xiii. 198 True peroxides are held to possess the linking present in hydrogen peroxide, OO. 1950 N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements II. 871 The binary inorganic compounds are commonly known as peroxides: this name should be confined to OO compounds, but is often extended to include any metallic oxides with an unusually large amount of oxygen, such as PbO₂ and MnO₂. 1993 Dog World Oct. 41/1 Glutathione's purpose is to keep free radicals and peroxides from damaging DNA, cell membranes and other cellular elements. 2. Originally U.S. a. Hydrogen peroxide, used as a bleach, disinfectant, etc. Also (colloquial): hair treated with or as with peroxide; a treatment of peroxide. ΚΠ 1889 Cambridge (Ohio) Jeffersonian 5 Dec. 4/3 Fill a tumbler with the peroxide, to which ten or twelve drops of ammonia..has been added. Divide the hair in small locks, and, dipping a closetoothed comb in the tumbler, comb the hair from the roots to the end. 1903 R. L. McCardell Conversat. Chorus Girl 13 She was a pronounced blonde, but you could have spelled it peroxide. a1910 ‘O. Henry’ Best of O. Henry (1929) xli. 364 No sign of the three p's about her—no peroxide, patchouli, nor peau de soie. 1977 Early Music 5 347/2 If the reed is old there are four levels of treatment of increasing severity: internal cleaning, rescraping, softening in peroxide, and throwing away. 2001 K. Lette Nip 'n' Tuck 214 The peroxide grew out and my crown of unruly curls sprang back. b. colloquial. A person who has bleached blonde hair; a peroxide blonde. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [noun] > person having light blonde1822 tow-head1829 blondie1882 strawberry blond1884 bottle blonde1898 ash-blond1903 peroxide1903 peroxide blonde1909 platinum blonde1931 1896 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Sentinel 20 June ii, Seated at a long table were six typical ‘hayseeds’, each holding out a sun burned, horny and corrugated fist to a pretty peroxide of golden haired girl who bent over it earnestly.] 1903 N.Y. Times 17 May (Mag. Suppl.) 6/4 I hate girls who make up,..and most of these blondes are peroxides. 1935 D. L. Sayers Gaudy Night iii. 55 Or the tightly-corseted peroxide of sixty, whose hat would better have suited an eighteen-year-old débutante at Ascot? 1998 Total Football Nov. 80/1 The potty peroxide lay on his back, willing Alan Shearer..to squirt water into his ready cakehole. B. adj. colloquial. Of hair: treated with or as with (hydrogen) peroxide; bleached blonde; (of a person) having bleached blonde hair. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [adjective] > light hair > having white-headed1571 whitehead1577 fair-haired1598 silver-haired1678 light-haired?1746 blonde-locked1837 tow-headed1850 tow-haired1887 peroxide1899 blondie1905 straw-blond1928 platinum blonde1932 1899 G. Ade Fables in Slang 94 The Plaintiff, who belonged to the Peroxide tribe. 1905 H. Rowland Digressions of Polly xiv. 147 How actresses with peroxide hair can possibly have an attraction for you. 1960 Guardian 22 July 7/2 Three East Berlin peroxide girls whose beehives tower over provocative curves. 1996 C. Brookmyre Quite Ugly One Morning xv. 93 It had been his ex-wife's fault, Tina, curse the peroxide slut. 1997 J. Hawes Rancid Aluminium (1998) xv. 171 If you are a woman, on the other hand, it means you are probably wearing short, dyed hair (black or peroxide) with a designer-simple sleeveless minidress. Compounds peroxide blonde n. and adj. (also peroxide blond) (a) n. colloquial a person who has peroxided or bleached hair; (b) adj. (of hair) bleached blonde with hydrogen peroxide; (of a person) having such hair. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [noun] > person having light blonde1822 tow-head1829 blondie1882 strawberry blond1884 bottle blonde1898 ash-blond1903 peroxide1903 peroxide blonde1909 platinum blonde1931 1909 H. Rowland Refl. Bachelor Girl 17 Men say they hate anything loud about a woman; it must be disgust that makes them always turn around to stare after a peroxide blonde. 1941 L. Fischer Men & Politics xxi. 362 He leaned his shoulder against a hatless peroxide-blonde young woman; she was wearing a silk dress. 1974 Times 26 Oct. 8/8 The corny peroxide blondes with their plucked eyebrows. 1997 Empire Sept. 56/2 Her peroxide blonde hair and death-defying curves were hung on walls the country over. peroxide bond n. Chemistry a single bond between two oxygen atoms in a molecule. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > oxygen > [noun] > compounds > oxides > peroxides > bonds peroxide bond1949 1949 Chem. Rev. 45 399 Whether the decomposition of a given hydroperoxide involves radical or cationic intermediates probably depends on the amount of polarization of the peroxide bond. 2002 Photochem. & Photobiol. 76 35 Their rate of decay is enhanced..and gives rise to reactive radicals, via cleavage of the peroxide bond. peroxide group n. Chemistry the divalent group —O—O—. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > oxygen > [noun] > compounds > oxides > peroxides > groups peroxide group1899 1899 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 76 ii. 659 The authors have obtained two new series of compounds which contain the peroxide group. 1939 F. A. Philbrick Inorg. Chem. xvii. 274 In structure the true peroxides are distinguished by containing in the molecule one or more peroxide groups, —O—O—, such as are present in hydrogen peroxide. 1997 Fund. & Clin. Pharmacol. 11 537 The replacement of the bridging oxygen between beta and gamma phosphorus by a peroxide group did not significantly change the activity, whereas substitution by a methylene group completely abolished stimulation of insulin secretion. peroxide hair n. hair bleached with or as with hydrogen peroxide. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [noun] > coloured peroxide hair1913 1913 Times 31 Jan. 4/1 ‘Peroxide hair?’—‘Yes.’ ‘Painted face’—‘Yes.’ 1990 W. Wasserstein Bachelor Girls 189 I wanted Donna, whose peroxide hair was teased to Olympus. peroxide shampoo n. a shampoo containing hydrogen peroxide; a treatment using such a shampoo. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing agents > [noun] > shampoo shampoo1838 dry shampoo1890 peroxide shampoo1966 1966 J. Stevens Cox Illustr. Dict. Hairdressing & Wigmaking 111/1 Peroxide shampoo, a soft soap shampoo incorporating a small quantity of 20 vol. peroxide of hydrogen and two or three drops of ·880 ammonium hydroxide. 2003 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 4 Apr. 21 It takes real brains to turn minimal talent, a peroxide shampoo and a cheesy smile into super successful TV stardom. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). peroxidev. Brit. /pəˈrɒksʌɪd/, U.S. /pəˈrɑkˌsaɪd/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: peroxide n. Etymology: < peroxide n. Originally U.S. transitive. To bleach the hair of (a person) with peroxide; to bleach (hair) with peroxide. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > colour dyec1386 colour1600 henna1851 blondine1894 peroxide1899 tint1921 highlight1935 rinse1959 blue-rinse1962 streak1965 1899 Daily Northwestern (Oshkosh, Wisconsin) 6 Feb. 7/1 Jim,..I'm going to peroxide my hair. 1914 S. Gulick Amer. Japanese Probl. xvi. 275 If he could peroxide himself white it would not make any difference. 1924 K. Wilson Successful Hairdresser vii. 87 After being peroxided nothing can remedy a head of hair. 1963 D. Athill Instead of Let. iv. 59 Hair which in summer would bleach into golden streaks as though he had peroxided it. 2002 Guardian (Nexis) 26 Mar. 28 Another peroxides his locks and within seconds..other pros rush to turn their hair the colour of a pub ceiling. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1804v.1899
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peroxiden.adj.

Compounds

peroxidev.