perniciousadj.¹

Brit.

/pəˈnɪʃəs/, U.S.

/pərˈnɪʃəs/

Forms: late Middle English perniciouse, late Middle English pernysious, late Middle English pervisious (transmission error), late Middle English– pernicious, 1500s parnicious, 1500s parnitious, 1500s pernicyous, 1500s pernicyouse, 1500s pernisious, 1500s pernitions (transmission error), 1500s pernycyous, 1500s pernycyouse, 1500s pernytyous, 1500s–1700s pernitious, 1600s perniceous, 1600s perniciows; Scottish pre-1700 perniciouse, pre-1700 pernicius, pre-1700 pernitious, pre-1700 pernitius, pre-1700 1700s– pernicious.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pernicious, pernicieux; Latin perniciōsus.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pernicious and Middle French pernicieux (of an illness) severe (1314 in Old French as pernicieus ; French pernicieux ), (of a person) causing harm (c1370), (of a thing) causing harm (1531) and its etymon classical Latin perniciōsus destructive, deadly, ruinous < perniciēs destruction, ruin, death ( < per- per- prefix + nec- , nex death, destruction (see necial adj.); compare post-classical Latin pernecare to kill outright (c400)) + -ōsus -ous suffix.

1. Of a disease: extremely severe or harmful, life-threatening, fatal. Also figurative.

ΚΠ

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 36 Cancre of al his kynde is a sikenez pernicious or perilous [?c1425 Paris venemouse; L. pernitiosa].

c1475 tr. Henri de Mondeville Surgery (Wellcome) f. 168^v (MED) And as touchinge þe cure of ony pernicious accidentis if þat it falle as tercoun or dwellynge akiþ intollerabile in þe guttis & in þe wombe..it schal be curid in þis maner.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. ix. 199 A Pestilence..that proved pernitious and deadly to those that Sneezed.

a1652 R. Brome Eng. Moor ii. i. 19 in Five New Playes (1659) Would you confound yourself in smothering your love..until it grow To a pernicious disease within you?

1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 73 The dreadful effects of this pernicious disease.

1917 J. London South Sea Tales in Sel. Stories (1982) 880 It [sc. the attack] quickly became pernicious, and developed into black-water fever.

2002 Washington Post 18 Mar. (Home ed.) a7/1 It remains the most pernicious and persistent plant disease on Earth.

a. Of a thing, action, intent, etc.: causing or likely to cause harm, esp. in a gradual or insidious manner; dangerous, destructive; evil. Also in weakened use: having a harmful influence; undesirable.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [adjective]

fellc1330

undone1340

ruinous?a1439

violablea1470

perniciousc1475

destructive1490

confusible1502

destroying1535

exitiable1548

ruinate1562

peremptory1567

wrackful1578

slaughterous1582

ruinating1595

ruining1605

corrumpent1607

wracksome1608

in suds1611

destructory1614

poisonousa1616

wrakefulc1625

predatory1626

predatorious1641

demolishing1648

untwined1649

undoing1654

destructionable1656

destructful1659

mortal1670

wreckinga1677

fatal1692

quadrumanous1704

interdestructive1805

annihilatory1825

demolitionary1834

ruinatious1845

consumptive1860

thunderous1874

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious > harmful or pernicious

baleOE

balefulc1175

venomousc1290

contagiousc1440

pestiferous1458

pestilent?a1475

perniciousc1475

pestilential1531

pestilentious1533

plaguey1574

deleterious1630

unedifying1641

perniciable1656

inedifying1659

unimproving1747

insalutary1836

unsalvatory1850

c1475 ( in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1911) 26 516 Of a pure malice and longtyme precogitat wykednes..hathe the thirde tyme attemted and put him in his utmoste devoire to accomplesshe his pernysious entent.

1521 J. Fisher (title) Sermon..made agayn ye pernicyous doctryn of Martin luuther.

1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes a ij b A thyng detestable before God,..and pernicious to the parties.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. iv. 150 Little honor, to be much beleeu'd, And most pernitious purpose: Seeming, seeming.

1651 T. Hobbes De Cive ii. xii. § 5 What can be more pernicious to any state?

a1704 T. Brown Dialogue Oxf. Schollars in Wks. (1707) I. i. 15 Men of pernicious Principles.

1745 Act 18 Geo. II c. 34 §1 A certain pernicious Game called Roulet, or Roly-poly is daily practised.

1785 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope (1786) I. 157 These wild dogs are some of the most pernicious beasts of prey.

a1832 J. Bentham Deontology (1834) II. i. 65 The meekness of a man whose meekness is pernicious to others, and useless to himself, is..the contrary of virtuous.

1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 208 All dryers..have in some degree a pernicious influence on colours.

1938 J. R. R. Tolkien Let. 25 July (1995) 37 I have many Jewish friends, and should regret giving any colour to the notion that I subscribed to the wholly pernicious and unscientific race-doctrine.

2002 Observer 26 May i. 29/4 The result is a pernicious cycle of ever-inflating abuse hurled at migrants.

b. Of a person: intending or causing harm, esp. insidiously; having a deleterious influence; villainous, wicked.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [adjective]

woughc888

litherc893

frakeda900

sinnyc950

unrighteouseOE

baleOE

manOE

unfeleOE

ungoodc1000

unwrasta1122

illc1175

nithec1175

wickc1175

hinderfulc1200

quedec1275

wickedc1275

wondlichc1275

unkindc1325

badc1330

divers1340

wrakefula1350

felonousc1374

flagitiousc1384

lewdc1386

noughta1387

ungoodly1390

unquertc1390

diverse1393

felona1400

imperfectc1400

unfairc1400

unfinec1400

unblesseda1425

meschant?c1450

naughtyc1460

feculent1471

sinister1474

noughty?1490

ill-deedya1500

pernicious?1533

scelerous1534

naught1536

goodlyc1560

nefarious1567

iron1574

felly1583

paganish1587

improbate1596

malefactious1607

villain1607

infand1608

scelestious1609

illful1613

scelestic1628

inimicitious1641

infandous1645

iniquous1655

improbous1657

malefactory1667

perta1704

iniquitous1726

unracy1782

unredeemed1799

demoralized1800

fetid1805

scarlet1820

gammy1832

nefast1849

disvaluable1942

badass1955

bad-assed1962

society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > [adjective]

litherc893

unledeeOE

evil971

missOE

murkOE

unrighteousOE

unseelyOE

un-i-seliOE

unselec1050

wickc1175

foul-itowenc1225

unwrast?c1225

un-i-felec1275

wickedc1275

wrakefula1350

felonousc1374

unquertc1390

unperfect1395

felona1400

wanc1440

meschant?c1450

sinnyc1475

unselc1480

poison?1527

pernicious?1533

scelerous1534

viperous?1548

improbate1596

scelestious1609

scelestic1628

spider-like1655

dark-hearted1656

demonic1796

nineteda1798

sinful1863

?1533 Image of Ypocresye iv, in Ballads from MSS (1868) I. 264 Pastour improvidus Be false and frivolus..In talkinge sedicious, In doctrine parnicious, haute and ambicious.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. v. f. 116 Consider howe pernitious a kynde of men this is [L. quam perniciosum sit hoc genus brutorum hominum].

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear ix. 22 Seruile Ministers, that haue with 2. pernitious daughters ioin'd Your high engendred battel.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 95 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors Resolv'd that they should..make away that pernicious Minister.

1752 D. Hume Polit. Disc. x. 187 He is a pernicious citizen, said M. Curius, who cannot be contented with seven acres.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. xi. 467 Victims of a pernicious woman's crime.

1850 R. W. Emerson Napoleon in Representative Men vi. 252 The pacific Fourier will be as inefficient as the pernicious Napoleon.

1924 Blackwood's Mag. Aug. 241/1 A more pernicious or chastisable guild of touts it has never been my lot to encounter.

1982 F. Raphael Byron 7 He has been no less often denounced as pernicious than celebrated for his humanity.

Compounds

pernicious contrary n. Papermaking a substance in or on waste paper and cardboard which is difficult to detect and which inhibits its pulping and recycling; cf. contrary n. 3d.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > [noun] > foreign body in

contrary1926

pernicious contrary1961

1814 C. Lamb Confessions of Drunkard (rev. ed.) in B. Montagu Some Enq. Effects Fermented Liquors 201 The tongue of a liar can with the same natural delight give forth useful truths, with which it has been accustomed to scatter their pernicious contraries.]

1961 B.S.I. News Jan. 17/1 Which materials are contraries? A few examples are: metal foils, waxes, vegetable parchment, plastics and cellulose fillers... Other contraries (known as ‘pernicious contraries’) make re-pulping impossible.

1977 L. Hunt Little Green Bk. 53 Ordinary waste paper contaminated by these pernicious contraries is only fit for burning.

pernicious fever n. Medicine (now historical) any of various severe, usually tropical fevers, esp. (falciparum) malaria or yellow fever.

ΚΠ

1802 W. C. Brown tr. G. Borsieri de Kanifeld Inst. Pract. Med. IV. 215 Pernicious fever of any kind.

1884 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 6 128 Our stock of febrifuges was exhausted, and above all we were sadly reduced by the pernicious fever which was difficult to combat without luxuries we could not command.

1893 Lancet 28 Oct. 1055/1 (note) Pernicious fever is a vague term used in these countries and may mean many things.

1991 T. Pakenham Scramble for Afr. x. 173 That very day, he had buried four white soldiers who had died of a pernicious fever.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pernicious
释义	perniciousadj.¹ Brit. /pəˈnɪʃəs/, U.S. /pərˈnɪʃəs/ Forms: late Middle English perniciouse, late Middle English pernysious, late Middle English pervisious (transmission error), late Middle English– pernicious, 1500s parnicious, 1500s parnitious, 1500s pernicyous, 1500s pernicyouse, 1500s pernisious, 1500s pernitions (transmission error), 1500s pernycyous, 1500s pernycyouse, 1500s pernytyous, 1500s–1700s pernitious, 1600s perniceous, 1600s perniciows; Scottish pre-1700 perniciouse, pre-1700 pernicius, pre-1700 pernitious, pre-1700 pernitius, pre-1700 1700s– pernicious. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French pernicious, pernicieux; Latin perniciōsus. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pernicious and Middle French pernicieux (of an illness) severe (1314 in Old French as pernicieus ; French pernicieux ), (of a person) causing harm (c1370), (of a thing) causing harm (1531) and its etymon classical Latin perniciōsus destructive, deadly, ruinous < perniciēs destruction, ruin, death ( < per- per- prefix + nec- , nex death, destruction (see necial adj.); compare post-classical Latin pernecare to kill outright (c400)) + -ōsus -ous suffix. 1. Of a disease: extremely severe or harmful, life-threatening, fatal. Also figurative. ΚΠ ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 36 Cancre of al his kynde is a sikenez pernicious or perilous [?c1425 Paris venemouse; L. pernitiosa]. c1475 tr. Henri de Mondeville Surgery (Wellcome) f. 168^v (MED) And as touchinge þe cure of ony pernicious accidentis if þat it falle as tercoun or dwellynge akiþ intollerabile in þe guttis & in þe wombe..it schal be curid in þis maner. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. ix. 199 A Pestilence..that proved pernitious and deadly to those that Sneezed. View more context for this quotation a1652 R. Brome Eng. Moor ii. i. 19 in Five New Playes (1659) Would you confound yourself in smothering your love..until it grow To a pernicious disease within you? 1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 73 The dreadful effects of this pernicious disease. 1917 J. London South Sea Tales in Sel. Stories (1982) 880 It [sc. the attack] quickly became pernicious, and developed into black-water fever. 2002 Washington Post 18 Mar. (Home ed.) a7/1 It remains the most pernicious and persistent plant disease on Earth. 2. a. Of a thing, action, intent, etc.: causing or likely to cause harm, esp. in a gradual or insidious manner; dangerous, destructive; evil. Also in weakened use: having a harmful influence; undesirable. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [adjective] fellc1330 undone1340 ruinous?a1439 violablea1470 perniciousc1475 destructive1490 confusible1502 destroying1535 exitiable1548 ruinate1562 peremptory1567 wrackful1578 slaughterous1582 ruinating1595 ruining1605 corrumpent1607 wracksome1608 in suds1611 destructory1614 poisonousa1616 wrakefulc1625 predatory1626 predatorious1641 demolishing1648 untwined1649 undoing1654 destructionable1656 destructful1659 mortal1670 wreckinga1677 fatal1692 quadrumanous1704 interdestructive1805 annihilatory1825 demolitionary1834 ruinatious1845 consumptive1860 thunderous1874 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious > harmful or pernicious baleOE balefulc1175 venomousc1290 contagiousc1440 pestiferous1458 pestilent?a1475 perniciousc1475 pestilential1531 pestilentious1533 plaguey1574 deleterious1630 unedifying1641 perniciable1656 inedifying1659 unimproving1747 insalutary1836 unsalvatory1850 c1475 ( in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1911) 26 516 Of a pure malice and longtyme precogitat wykednes..hathe the thirde tyme attemted and put him in his utmoste devoire to accomplesshe his pernysious entent. 1521 J. Fisher (title) Sermon..made agayn ye pernicyous doctryn of Martin luuther. 1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes a ij b A thyng detestable before God,..and pernicious to the parties. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. iv. 150 Little honor, to be much beleeu'd, And most pernitious purpose: Seeming, seeming. View more context for this quotation 1651 T. Hobbes De Cive ii. xii. § 5 What can be more pernicious to any state? a1704 T. Brown Dialogue Oxf. Schollars in Wks. (1707) I. i. 15 Men of pernicious Principles. 1745 Act 18 Geo. II c. 34 §1 A certain pernicious Game called Roulet, or Roly-poly is daily practised. 1785 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope (1786) I. 157 These wild dogs are some of the most pernicious beasts of prey. a1832 J. Bentham Deontology (1834) II. i. 65 The meekness of a man whose meekness is pernicious to others, and useless to himself, is..the contrary of virtuous. 1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 208 All dryers..have in some degree a pernicious influence on colours. 1938 J. R. R. Tolkien Let. 25 July (1995) 37 I have many Jewish friends, and should regret giving any colour to the notion that I subscribed to the wholly pernicious and unscientific race-doctrine. 2002 Observer 26 May i. 29/4 The result is a pernicious cycle of ever-inflating abuse hurled at migrants. b. Of a person: intending or causing harm, esp. insidiously; having a deleterious influence; villainous, wicked. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [adjective] woughc888 litherc893 frakeda900 sinnyc950 unrighteouseOE baleOE manOE unfeleOE ungoodc1000 unwrasta1122 illc1175 nithec1175 wickc1175 hinderfulc1200 quedec1275 wickedc1275 wondlichc1275 unkindc1325 badc1330 divers1340 wrakefula1350 felonousc1374 flagitiousc1384 lewdc1386 noughta1387 ungoodly1390 unquertc1390 diverse1393 felona1400 imperfectc1400 unfairc1400 unfinec1400 unblesseda1425 meschant?c1450 naughtyc1460 feculent1471 sinister1474 noughty?1490 ill-deedya1500 pernicious?1533 scelerous1534 naught1536 goodlyc1560 nefarious1567 iron1574 felly1583 paganish1587 improbate1596 malefactious1607 villain1607 infand1608 scelestious1609 illful1613 scelestic1628 inimicitious1641 infandous1645 iniquous1655 improbous1657 malefactory1667 perta1704 iniquitous1726 unracy1782 unredeemed1799 demoralized1800 fetid1805 scarlet1820 gammy1832 nefast1849 disvaluable1942 badass1955 bad-assed1962 society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > [adjective] litherc893 unledeeOE evil971 missOE murkOE unrighteousOE unseelyOE un-i-seliOE unselec1050 wickc1175 foul-itowenc1225 unwrast?c1225 un-i-felec1275 wickedc1275 wrakefula1350 felonousc1374 unquertc1390 unperfect1395 felona1400 wanc1440 meschant?c1450 sinnyc1475 unselc1480 poison?1527 pernicious?1533 scelerous1534 viperous?1548 improbate1596 scelestious1609 scelestic1628 spider-like1655 dark-hearted1656 demonic1796 nineteda1798 sinful1863 ?1533 Image of Ypocresye iv, in Ballads from MSS (1868) I. 264 Pastour improvidus Be false and frivolus..In talkinge sedicious, In doctrine parnicious, haute and ambicious. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. v. f. 116 Consider howe pernitious a kynde of men this is [L. quam perniciosum sit hoc genus brutorum hominum]. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear ix. 22 Seruile Ministers, that haue with 2. pernitious daughters ioin'd Your high engendred battel. View more context for this quotation 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 95 in Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors Resolv'd that they should..make away that pernicious Minister. 1752 D. Hume Polit. Disc. x. 187 He is a pernicious citizen, said M. Curius, who cannot be contented with seven acres. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. xi. 467 Victims of a pernicious woman's crime. 1850 R. W. Emerson Napoleon in Representative Men vi. 252 The pacific Fourier will be as inefficient as the pernicious Napoleon. 1924 Blackwood's Mag. Aug. 241/1 A more pernicious or chastisable guild of touts it has never been my lot to encounter. 1982 F. Raphael Byron 7 He has been no less often denounced as pernicious than celebrated for his humanity. Compounds pernicious contrary n. Papermaking a substance in or on waste paper and cardboard which is difficult to detect and which inhibits its pulping and recycling; cf. contrary n. 3d. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > [noun] > foreign body in contrary1926 pernicious contrary1961 1814 C. Lamb Confessions of Drunkard (rev. ed.) in B. Montagu Some Enq. Effects Fermented Liquors 201 The tongue of a liar can with the same natural delight give forth useful truths, with which it has been accustomed to scatter their pernicious contraries.] 1961 B.S.I. News Jan. 17/1 Which materials are contraries? A few examples are: metal foils, waxes, vegetable parchment, plastics and cellulose fillers... Other contraries (known as ‘pernicious contraries’) make re-pulping impossible. 1977 L. Hunt Little Green Bk. 53 Ordinary waste paper contaminated by these pernicious contraries is only fit for burning. pernicious fever n. Medicine (now historical) any of various severe, usually tropical fevers, esp. (falciparum) malaria or yellow fever. ΚΠ 1802 W. C. Brown tr. G. Borsieri de Kanifeld Inst. Pract. Med. IV. 215 Pernicious fever of any kind. 1884 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 6 128 Our stock of febrifuges was exhausted, and above all we were sadly reduced by the pernicious fever which was difficult to combat without luxuries we could not command. 1893 Lancet 28 Oct. 1055/1 (note) Pernicious fever is a vague term used in these countries and may mean many things. 1991 T. Pakenham Scramble for Afr. x. 173 That very day, he had buried four white soldiers who had died of a pernicious fever. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † perniciousadj.² Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin pernīci- , pernix , -ous suffix. Etymology: < classical Latin pernīci-, pernix nimble, quick (probably < perna leg, thigh: see pernio n.) + -ous suffix. Compare earlier pernicity n. N.E.D. (1905) gives the pronunciation as (pəɹni·ʃəs) /pəˈnɪʃəs/. Obsolete. rare. Rapid, swift, nimble. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > [adjective] swiftc888 swifta1050 currentc1300 quickc1300 hastivea1325 hastyc1330 ingnel1340 swiftyc1380 speedfula1387 fasta1400 swippingc1420 speedy1487 fleet1528 tite?a1540 scudding1545 flighty1552 suddenly1556 flight1581 feathered1587 Pegasean1590 wing-footed1591 swift-winged?1592 thought-swift-flying1595 wind-winged?1596 swallow-winged1597 Pegasarian1607 skelping1607 rapid1608 night-swifta1616 celerious1632 clipping1635 perniciousa1656 volatile1655 quick-foot1658 meteorous1667 windy1697 high-flying1710 fleet-footed1726 aliped1727 wickc1760 velocious1775 flight-performing1785 fast-going1800 fast-moving1802 meteor1803 wight-wapping1830 fleety1841 speeding1847 swiftening1848 two-forty1855 fire-swift1865 pennate1870 spinning1882 percursory1884 zippy1889 meteoric1895 pacy1906 presto1952 a1656 J. Ussher Ann. World (1658) vi. 580 Young men, pernicious in respect of their agility [Quoting Caius Velleius Paterculus Rom. Hist. ii. xxxiv, Velocitate pernicibus.]. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 520 Part incentive reed Provide, pernicious with one touch to fire. View more context for this quotation 1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals II. xvii. 155 Though some birds are of such pernicious wing, there are others..that have only rudiments of wings. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2020). < adj.¹?a1425adj.²a1656
随便看	toeboot toecalk toecap toecapped toecaps toeclip toeclips toecover toecrack toecurling toecurlingly toed toedancer toedancing toedresser toedrop toeend toefl toegleek toehardy toehold toeholds toehole toein toeing

perniciousadj.1

Compounds

† perniciousadj.2

perniciousadj.¹

† perniciousadj.²