permanent revolutionn.

Brit.

/ˌpəːmənənt ˌrɛvəˈl(j)uːʃn/,

/ˌpəːmn̩ənt ˌrɛvəˈl(j)uːʃn/, U.S.

/ˌpərm(ə)nənt ˌrɛvəˈluʃ(ə)n/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: permanent adj., revolution n.

Etymology: < permanent adj. + revolution n. With sense 2 compare German die Revolution in Permanenz (1849 F. Engels Der magyarische Kampf, in Marx-Engels-Werke (1959) III. 166; used earlier by Marx and Engels in a different sense: die permanente Revolution (1845 F. Engels & K. Marx Heilige Familie, in Marx-Engels-Werke (1957) vi. 130), die Revolution für permanent erklären (1843 in K. Marx Bruno Bauer: Die Judenfrage, in Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe (1982) I. ii. 151)), French la révolution en permanence (P. J. Proudhon Idées révolutionnaires (1849) 255), Russian nepreryvnaja revoljucija, literally ‘uninterrupted revolution’ (the term apparently originally used by Trotsky c1906), permanentnaja revoljucija (1908 or earlier).See further B. Knei-Paz Social & Political Thought of Leon Trotsky (1978), especially pp. 152 et seq.

Politics.

1. In general sense: a state or process of perpetual insurrection within a society. In extended use: any state or process of continual change.

ΚΠ

1793 Authentic Rep. Debate House of Commons 6 & 7 May 109 France, the detestable policy of which has added new words to the dictionary, such as the phrase of municipalities declaring themselves in a state of permanent revolution.

1835 Times 20 Oct. 2/4 Wide extended popular agitation and a kind of permanent revolution in the midst of a peaceable and powerful people.

1894 Sandusky (Ohio) Reg. 10 Nov. 1/3 It is a mere temporary upheaval and not a permanent revolution.

1932 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 26 175 During this period there were in Mexico ‘revolutions and disturbed conditions’ and not a single and permanent revolution.

1948 R. Niebuhr in Jrnl. Relig. 28 89 This conversion and permanent revolution of our human religion through Jesus Christ is what we mean by revelation.

1967 Times 24 June 10/6 The trouble at the Royal Court [theatre] is that its stake is tied up with that of permanent revolution in the art.

1984 Times The NUS is a kind of government quango, through which taxpayers support ‘permanent revolution’ on the campus.

2. In Marxist theory: the state or condition of a country's continuing revolution being dependent on a continuing process of revolution in other (esp. neighbouring) countries; (also) a continuing process of change brought about within a country by dictatorship of the proletariat. The concept of permanent revolution was developed c1906 by Leon Trotsky (1879–40), who argued that, since Russia was not at that time ready for a proletarian revolution without passing first through a capitalist or ‘bourgeois’ one, a revolution in Russia could only be sustained and consolidated through the support of revolutions in Europe. This doctrine influenced Lenin's strategy for the Bolshevik revolution of 1917, particularly his theory of dictatorship of the proletariat, but was later rejected.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [noun] > revolutionary concept

permanent revolution1918

1918 S. Harper in A. Petrunkevitch et al. Russ. Rev. 32 The extremists wished a social revolution, ‘permanent revolution’, class struggle, and they agitated openly and with energy.

1925 L. Trotsky in Times 30 Jan. 11/4 I repudiate emphatically the assumption that the formula of ‘permanent revolution’ was used by me as denoting lack of care in handling the peasant question.

1972 D. Bloodworth Any Number can Play xx. 206 My fidelity to the Maoist theory of permanent revolution is absolute.

1993 Independent on Sunday 24 Oct. 17/1 The public services..are in the grip of what one union leader calls a ‘Maoist permanent revolution’ in which staff jobs are being replaced with short-term posts and services..are being contracted out.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	permanent revolution
释义	permanent revolutionn. Brit. /ˌpəːmənənt ˌrɛvəˈl(j)uːʃn/, /ˌpəːmn̩ənt ˌrɛvəˈl(j)uːʃn/, U.S. /ˌpərm(ə)nənt ˌrɛvəˈluʃ(ə)n/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: permanent adj., revolution n. Etymology: < permanent adj. + revolution n. With sense 2 compare German die Revolution in Permanenz (1849 F. Engels Der magyarische Kampf, in Marx-Engels-Werke (1959) III. 166; used earlier by Marx and Engels in a different sense: die permanente Revolution (1845 F. Engels & K. Marx Heilige Familie, in Marx-Engels-Werke (1957) vi. 130), die Revolution für permanent erklären (1843 in K. Marx Bruno Bauer: Die Judenfrage, in Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe (1982) I. ii. 151)), French la révolution en permanence (P. J. Proudhon Idées révolutionnaires (1849) 255), Russian nepreryvnaja revoljucija, literally ‘uninterrupted revolution’ (the term apparently originally used by Trotsky c1906), permanentnaja revoljucija (1908 or earlier).See further B. Knei-Paz Social & Political Thought of Leon Trotsky (1978), especially pp. 152 et seq. Politics. 1. In general sense: a state or process of perpetual insurrection within a society. In extended use: any state or process of continual change. ΚΠ 1793 Authentic Rep. Debate House of Commons 6 & 7 May 109 France, the detestable policy of which has added new words to the dictionary, such as the phrase of municipalities declaring themselves in a state of permanent revolution. 1835 Times 20 Oct. 2/4 Wide extended popular agitation and a kind of permanent revolution in the midst of a peaceable and powerful people. 1894 Sandusky (Ohio) Reg. 10 Nov. 1/3 It is a mere temporary upheaval and not a permanent revolution. 1932 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 26 175 During this period there were in Mexico ‘revolutions and disturbed conditions’ and not a single and permanent revolution. 1948 R. Niebuhr in Jrnl. Relig. 28 89 This conversion and permanent revolution of our human religion through Jesus Christ is what we mean by revelation. 1967 Times 24 June 10/6 The trouble at the Royal Court [theatre] is that its stake is tied up with that of permanent revolution in the art. 1984 Times The NUS is a kind of government quango, through which taxpayers support ‘permanent revolution’ on the campus. 2. In Marxist theory: the state or condition of a country's continuing revolution being dependent on a continuing process of revolution in other (esp. neighbouring) countries; (also) a continuing process of change brought about within a country by dictatorship of the proletariat. The concept of permanent revolution was developed c1906 by Leon Trotsky (1879–40), who argued that, since Russia was not at that time ready for a proletarian revolution without passing first through a capitalist or ‘bourgeois’ one, a revolution in Russia could only be sustained and consolidated through the support of revolutions in Europe. This doctrine influenced Lenin's strategy for the Bolshevik revolution of 1917, particularly his theory of dictatorship of the proletariat, but was later rejected. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [noun] > revolutionary concept permanent revolution1918 1918 S. Harper in A. Petrunkevitch et al. Russ. Rev. 32 The extremists wished a social revolution, ‘permanent revolution’, class struggle, and they agitated openly and with energy. 1925 L. Trotsky in Times 30 Jan. 11/4 I repudiate emphatically the assumption that the formula of ‘permanent revolution’ was used by me as denoting lack of care in handling the peasant question. 1972 D. Bloodworth Any Number can Play xx. 206 My fidelity to the Maoist theory of permanent revolution is absolute. 1993 Independent on Sunday 24 Oct. 17/1 The public services..are in the grip of what one union leader calls a ‘Maoist permanent revolution’ in which staff jobs are being replaced with short-term posts and services..are being contracted out. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1793
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