penta-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Forms: before a vowel pent-.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek πεντα-.

Etymology: < ancient Greek πεντα-, combining form (in e.g. πεντάγωνος pentagon adj.) of πέντε five ( < the same Indo-European base as five adj.); occurring in many words in Greek as a variant of the earlier πεντε- (in e.g. πεντέγραμμος : see pentagram n.) on the model of e.g. δεκα- deca- comb. form, ἑπτα- hepta- comb. form, τετρα- tetra- comb. form.Attested earliest in Old English in the Latin loan pentapolis n., and subsequently in the 15th cent. in the isolated English formation pentangle n. and the French and Latin loan Pentateuch n. Apart from pentangle n., formations within English (chiefly scientific terms) are found from the mid 17th cent.; compare e.g. pentagamist n. Compare post-classical and scientific Latin penta- (formations in which are found from at least the 16th cent.), French penta- (formations in which are found from at least the late 18th cent.), German penta- (formations in which are found from at least the early 19th cent.). Combining chiefly with second elements ultimately of Greek and Latin origin.

1. Having five, fivefold.

† pentacanthous adj. [ < penta- comb. form + ancient Greek ἄκανθα thorn (see acanthus n.) + -ous suffix, after scientific Latin pentacanthus (1790 or earlier as a specific epithet)] Zoology Obsolete rare having five spines.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Pentacanthus, applied to a fish with five spinous rays to one of its fins..:pentacanthous.

† pentacapsular adj. Botany Obsolete rare having five seed capsules or cavities; cf. earlier quinquecapsular adj. at quinque- comb. form .Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1764 Bailey's Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (new ed.) Pentacapsular, having five seed-pods or cavities.

pentacarpellary adj.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈkɑːpəl(ə)ri/

/ˌpɛntəˈkɑːpl̩(ə)ri/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈkɑrpəˌlɛri/

Botany consisting of five carpels.

ΚΠ

1880 C. E. Bessey Botany xx. 433 It [sc. the gynoecium] is said to be mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, etc., and poly-carpellary, according as it has one, two, three, four, five, to many carpels.

1942 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 29 156 The pistil is pentacarpellary.

1989 Rev. Palaeobot. & Palynol. 59 57 The fruits are mostly pentacarpellary, syncarpous, deeply segmented and have a peltate pedicel.

pentachromic adj.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈkrəʊmɪk/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈkroʊmɪk/

now rare relating to or involving five colours; (of vision) capable of distinguishing (only) five colours in the spectrum.

ΚΠ

1892 Proc. Royal Soc. 51 348 Therefore, the vision of the normal-sighted being hexachromic, the vision of the colour-blind is pentachromic, tetrachromic, or dichromic.

1902 19th Cent. Apr. 607 Those who see five colours may be termed pentachromic.

1987 Boletin de Estudios Medicos y Biologicos Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico 35 233/2 The pentachromic staining technique will allow the identification of five different cellular populations.

† pentacoccous adj. [after post-classical Latin pentacoccus (1688 or earlier)] Botany Obsolete having five compartments containing seed.

ΚΠ

1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. 209 It [sc. the fruit] is pentacoccous, or divided into five Cellulæ, containing each a blackish Seed.

1793 T. Martyn Lang. Bot. sig. O3^v Pentacocca capsula, a pentacoccous or five-grained capsule. Swelling out in five protuberances; or, having five united cells, with one seed in each.

pentacyclic adj.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈsɪklɪk/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈsɪklɪk/

[ < penta- comb. form + ancient Greek κύκλος cycle n.¹ + -ic suffix, after German pentacyclisch (1873 in the passage translated in quot. 1875)] (a) Botany (of a flower) having the parts arranged in five whorls (rare); (b) Chemistry having five rings of atoms in the molecule.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic compounds > [adjective] > cyclic compounds

pentacyclic1875

cyclic1898

1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 548 The flowers of Gramineæ and Orchideæ can be traced back to the trimerous pentacyclic type.

1899 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 76 i. 742 It is one of the first cases observed of the conversion of a pentacyclic into a hexacyclic carbon compound.

1945 W. O. Howarth & L. G. G. Warne Lowson's Textbk. Bot. (ed. 9) xiii. 321 Family Saxifragaceae.—Flowers..usually pentacyclic.

1951 H. J. Deuel Lipids I. iv. 391 The β- and α-amyrin groups..are pentacyclic, while the elemi acids contain a tetracyclic group.

1989 Nature 7 Dec. 670/2 Hopanes and other pentacyclic triterpanes are relatively resistant to microbial degradation.

pentadelphous adj.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈdɛlfəs/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈdɛlfəs/

[ < penta- comb. form + ancient Greek ἀδελϕός brother (see adelphous adj.) + -ous suffix] Botany (of stamens) arranged in five groups; (of a plant) having the stamens so arranged.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having or relating to parts > of or having stamens or pistils > of or having stamens or male > in specific quantity, form, or arrangement

castrate1704

syngenesious1753

pentandrious1754

pentandrous1757

polyandrous1757

polyadelphous1778

triandrious1786

polyandrian1787

gynandrian1791

monadelphous1806

monandrous1806

tetrandrous1806

perigynous1807

octandrousa1815

pleurogynous1819

hypogynous1821

icosandrian1828

octandrian1828

pentandrian1828

polyadelphian1828

tetradynamian1828

hexandrous1830

pentadelphous1830

tetradynamous1830

triadelphous1830

triandrous1830

icosandrous1836

corollifloral1839

indefinite1839

oligandrous1851

isadelphous1855

thalamifloral1857

thalamiflorous1857

phalangiform1858

polyandrious1858

allagostemonous1879

corolliflorous1880

obdiplostemonous1882

hypogynic1886

octandrious1890

Monadelphic1959

polyandric1976

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 36 They [sc. the Cotton Tree tribe] are also known by their pentadelphous stamens.

1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 118 In Hypericaceæ we have triadelphous, and pentadelphous states; but these..are generally denominated polyadelphous.

1896 G. Henslow How to study Wild Flowers 18 In the St. John's worts, they [sc. filaments] are grouped into clusters..of three or five. These are therefore triadelphous and pentadelphous.

1998 Jrnl. Torrey Bot. Soc. 125 268 The stamens are pentadelphous and grouped at the base into five bundles that are positioned in the petal planes.

pentadodecahedron n.

Brit.

/pɛntəˌdəʊdɛkəˈhiːdrən/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˌdoʊˌdɛkəˈhidrən/

Geometry rare a regular dodecahedron; a dodecahedron having twelve pentagonal faces.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > three-dimensional > contained by pentagons

pentadodecahedron1869

pentagon-dodecahedron1895

pentagonohedron1895

1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius x. 273 These five types of form, all regular,..and all parts of one equi-axed system, may be named and employed to designate crystals,..the cube, octahedron,..penta-dodecahedron.

1975 R. B. Fuller & E. J. Applewhite Synergetics 318 Necklace cubes, rhombic dodecahedra, pentadodecahedra, vector equilibria, and tetrakaidecahedra are all unstable.

pentafid adj.

Brit.

/ˈpɛntəfɪd/

U.S.

/ˈpɛn(t)əˌfɪd/

[ < penta- comb. form + classical Latin -fidus -fid comb. form] Botany rare cleft into five; cf. earlier quinquefid adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > [adjective] > divided, segmented, slashed, or lobed

lobated1703

quinquefid1703

lobousa1722

biparted1725

tripartite1753

lobate1760

octofid1760

septemfid1777

parted1785

triquadrifid1833

rimiform1837

slashed1839

lobulate1862

bipartite1864

palmilobed1876

pentafid1882

segmented1883

lobose1885

torn1888

triquinate1891

sectile1899

1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) Pentafid, in bot. cleft or divided into five.

1895 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22 357 Leaves three-divided appearing pentafid from division of the lateral leaflets.

1989 Brittonia 41 63 Staminal column..minutely puberulous on distal third and glabrous proximally, at apex pentafid.

† pentahexahedral adj. [compare later pentahexahedron n.] Crystallography Obsolete rare designating a crystal having thirty facets arranged in five groups, each of six facets, running round the crystal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > specific crystal forms > [adjective] > miscellaneous others

secondary1816

trapezian1816

triacontahedral1816

tri-dodecahedral1816

tri-hexahedral1816

tri-octahedral1816

tri-rhomboidal1816

octodecimal1817

octoduodecimal1817

octosexdecimal1817

pentahexahedral1817

octahedrala1824

trigonal1878

pinacoidal1879

tetartopyramid1891

trisoctahedral1891

tetartohexagonal1895

tetartosystematic1895

1817 R. Jameson Treat. External Characters Minerals (ed. 3) 204 Penta-hexahedral..when the crystal's surface consists of..five..ranges of planes, disposed six and six above each other.

† pentahexahedron n. Crystallography Obsolete rare a pentahexahedral crystal.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > three-dimensional > with fourteen or more faces

icosahedron1570

icosidodecahedron1570

icosaeder1656

chiliahedron1690

tetrahexahedron1816

icositetrahedron1831

trisoctahedron1837

pentahexahedron1857

hexakisoctahedron1878

tetrakaidekahedron1894

triacontahedron1939

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Pentahexahedron.

pentalophodont adj.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈləʊfədɒnt/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈlɑfəˌdɑnt/

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈloʊfəˌdɑnt/

[ < penta- comb. form + lopho- comb. form + -odont comb. form; compare scientific Latin Pentalophodon, former subgenus of mastodons characterized by teeth of this kind (H. Falconer 1857, in Quart. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 13 314)] Zoology and Palaeontology having molar teeth with five ridges.

ΚΠ

1883 Encycl. Brit. XV. 623/1 Transitional conditions have..been shown..between the latter and what has been called ‘pentalophodont’ type.

1979 Paleobiology 5 127/1 The ancestral stock is believed to have been composed of pentalophodont—low crowned (brachydont) sylvan forms comparable to the living Thomasomys.

1987 R. Hoffstetter in R. L. Ciochon & J. G. Fleagle Primate Evol. & Human Origins xiv. 104 The Old World Hystricomorpha are fundamentally pentalophodont.

† pentapetalose adj. Botany Obsolete rare = pentapetalous adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having or relating to parts > of or having petals

foliaceous1658

monopetalous1687

pentapetalous1687

polypetalous1687

hose-in-hose1688

monopetalose1693

pentapetalose1693

tetrapetalose1694

tetrapetalous1697

tripetalose1698

tripetalous1704

hexapetalous1707

petalous1719

petaloid1720

planipetalous1730

petaline1783

petaliform1788

petalled1793

polypetal1803

hexapetaloid1813

hexapetaloideous1830

tripetaloid1830

tripetaloideous1830

unipetalous1831

petaliferous1847

macropetalous1857

sympetalous1870

apopetalous1875

anisopetalous1880

petally1888

thread-petalled1899

thousand-petalled1951

decapetalous-

synpetalous-

1693 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 684 The Flowers grow in Clusters like those of the Vine, are pentapetalose.

1714 Philos. Trans. 1713 (Royal Soc.) 28 202 Bell-flowered and Pentapetalose Plants.

pentapetalous adj.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈpɛtələs/

/ˌpɛntəˈpɛtl̩əs/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈpɛdl̩əs/

[after post-classical Latin pentapetalus (1686 or earlier)] Botany (now rare) having five petals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having or relating to parts > of or having petals

foliaceous1658

monopetalous1687

pentapetalous1687

polypetalous1687

hose-in-hose1688

monopetalose1693

pentapetalose1693

tetrapetalose1694

tetrapetalous1697

tripetalose1698

tripetalous1704

hexapetalous1707

petalous1719

petaloid1720

planipetalous1730

petaline1783

petaliform1788

petalled1793

polypetal1803

hexapetaloid1813

hexapetaloideous1830

tripetaloid1830

tripetaloideous1830

unipetalous1831

petaliferous1847

macropetalous1857

sympetalous1870

apopetalous1875

anisopetalous1880

petally1888

thread-petalled1899

thousand-petalled1951

decapetalous-

synpetalous-

1687 Philos. Trans. 1686–7 (Royal Soc.) 16 286 The genuine Umbelli have Pentapetalous Flowers, to each of which, succeed two naked Seeds joined together.

1845 J. Lindley School Bot. (1858) vi. 104 c Corolla monopetalous, or pentapetalous.

1910 Encycl. Brit. X. 564/1 A corolla is dipetalous, tripetalous, tetrapetalous or pentapetalous according as it has two, three, four or five separate petals.

† pentaphylloideous adj. [after post-classical Latin pentaphylloideus (1686 or earlier)] Botany Obsolete rare having five leaflike parts or leaves; pentaphyllous.

ΚΠ

1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. xxxii. 153 Laurus, with a pentaphylloideous Calyx.

† pentaphyllous adj. [probably after post-classical and scientific Latin pentaphyllus (C. Clusius Rariorvm Plantarvm Historia (1601) V. cxxj); compare Hellenistic Greek πεντάϕυλλος five-petalled (also ancient Greek πεντάϕυλλον cinquefoil)] Botany Obsolete having five leaves or leaflike parts (leaflets, sepals, etc.).

ΚΠ

1687 Philos. Trans. 1686–7 (Royal Soc.) 16 289 The Loti which are almost Pentaphyllous or five leaved Legumes.

1853 A. Gray Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 4) ix. 285 The calyx is said to be diphyllous, triphyllous, tetraphyllous, pentaphyllous, hexaphyllous, &c., according as it is composed of 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 leaves or sepals respectively.

1988 Plant Foods Human Nutrition 38 115 The pentaphyllous mutant had a greater number of pods and leaves per plant and larger and more root nodules.

† pentapterous adj. [after scientific Latin pentapterus (1800 or earlier)] Botany Obsolete rare (of a plant part) having five wings.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Pentapterus, having five expansions in form of wings, as the capsule of the Evonymus latifolius..:pentapterous.

pentasepalous adj.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈsɛp(ə)ləs/

/ˌpɛntəˈsiːp(ə)ləs/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈsip(ə)ləs/

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈsɛp(ə)ləs/

Botany having five sepals.

ΚΠ

1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. i. ii. 173 A trisepalous calyx has three sepals, pentasepalous or pentaphyllous, five, as in Stellaria Holostea.

1910 Encycl. Brit. X. 563/1 A calyx which has three sepals is trisepalous; one with five sepals is pentasepalous.

1974 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 61 571 Both the Manilkara group and the pentasepalous group are common to Africa and South America.

† pentaspermous adj. [ < penta- comb. form + -spermous comb. form] Botany Obsolete rare having five seeds.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1812 J. Stokes Bot. Materia Medica III. 57 Mespius. Berry pentaspermous.

1816 Encycl. Perthensis (ed. 2) XI. 156/2 The berry is pentaspermous.

2. Chemistry and Biochemistry. Forming terms in which penta- signifies the presence in a compound or molecule of five atoms, groups, etc.

pentachloride n.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈklɔːrʌɪd/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈklɔˌraɪd/

ΚΠ

1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 290 Pentachloride of antimony, SbCl₅.

1880 E. Cleminshaw tr. C. A. Wurtz Atomic Theory 227 Phosphorus and antimony can unite with five atoms of chlorine to form the pentachlorides.

1991 Chron. Higher Educ. 20 Feb. a8/1 The chemists produced molybdenum disulfide..by mixing two solids, molybdenum pentachloride and sodium sulfide, in an inert atmosphere.

penta-fluoride n.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈflʊərʌɪd/

/ˌpɛntəˈflɔːrʌɪd/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈflʊˌraɪd/

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈflɔˌraɪd/

ΚΠ

1872 Philos. Trans. 1871 (Royal Soc.) 161 327 Bromine gradually expels a portion of the fluorine (probably in the form of pentafluoride of bromine) from argentic fluoride in platinum vessels at a red heat.

1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxxvi. 703 Arsenic pentafluoride, AsF₅,..is a colourless gas which condenses at −53° to a yellow liquid.

1994 Sci. News 22 Oct. 261/1 Olah obtained his first results by mixing hydrogen fluoride with antimony pentafluoride to produce a superacid.

penta-sulphide n.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈsʌlfʌɪd/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈsəlˌfaɪd/

ΚΠ

1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 311 Yellow precipitate, which is the pentasulphide of arsenic (sulpharsenic acid).

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 147/2 Thiamides of the type R·CSNH₂ are known, and result..by the action of phosphorus pentasulphide on the acid-amides.

1996 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 354 1600 The sulphur electrode consists of elemental sulphur impregnated in a carbon felt matrix. When discharge begins sodium pentasulphide is formed.

† penta-sulphuret n. Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. 473 Pentasulphuret of antimony, otherwise called sulpho-antimonic acid.

pentabasic adj.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈbeɪsɪk/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈbeɪsɪk/

[compare French pentabasique (1847 or earlier)] Chemistry and Biochemistry (of an acid or acidic group) having five replaceable hydrogen atoms; (also) containing five atoms of base, or consisting of five bases.

ΚΠ

1854 J. W. Draper Kane's Elements Chem. (Amer. ed.) xix. 524 The basis of the red prussiate of potash should be, then, another polymeric cyanogen, Cy₆, which would form, with hydrogen, a pentabasic acid.

1910 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 32 192 Compare..the strongly acid character of the monoxanthyl derivatives which form pentabasic salts.

1954 T. Vickerstaff Physical Chem. Dyeing (ed. 2) xii. 398 Tetrabasic and even pentabasic acid dyes appear to occupy the equivalent number of sites in wool.

1990 Growth Factors 2 128/1 There is a pentabasic Arg-Arg-Lys-Lys-Arg site preceding the N-terminus..at positions 296–300.

pentacarbon adj.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈkɑːbən/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈkɑrbən/

rare having five atoms of carbon.

ΚΠ

1866 W. Odling Lect. Animal Chem. v. 108 Pentacarbon molecules such as amido-valeric acid or phocine.

1993 Revivaline in misc.health.alternative (Usenet newsgroup) 20 Nov. Has anyone heard or know [sic] of this discovery... Apparently made from ATP, GTP, and Pentacarbon sugars reduced to monocrystals.

pentachloroethane n.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəklɔːrəʊˈiːθeɪn/

/ˌpɛntəklɒrəʊˈiːθeɪn/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˌklɔroʊˈɛˌθeɪn/

(also pentachlorethane) Chemistry a toxic, volatile, colourless liquid, C₂HCl₅, produced synthetically and formerly used as a solvent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > halogenated hydrocarbons > specific

tetrachlorethane1871

pentachloroethane1872

trichloroethylene1889

Freon1932

tetrafluoroethylene1933

fluorocarbon1937

perfluorocarbon1947

heptachlor1949

tetrachlorodibenzodioxin1959

TCDD1971

CFC1976

1872 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 25 232 (heading) Action of bromine on pentachlorethane.

1917 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 39 1722 Pentachloroethane.—An immediate precipitate, melting at 237°, was obtained [with piperidine].

1975 Internat. Jrnl. Chem. Kinetics 7 331 The rate of the inhibited pyrolysis of pentachloroethane was studied over the temperature range of 820 to 865°K using the toluene-carrier technique in a stirred-flow reactor.

pentachlorophenate n.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəklɔːrə(ʊ)ˈfiːneɪt/

/ˌpɛntəklɒrə(ʊ)ˈfiːneɪt/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˌklɔroʊˈfiˌneɪt/

(also pentachlorphenate) Chemistry a salt of pentachlorophenol.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > miscellaneous others

alum zucarinea1425

white precipitate1588

volatile salt or salts1639

malate1788

oxalate1788

sebate1788

succinate1789

camphorate1800

suberate1800

tannate1802

formate1807

zymate1817

uranate1819

ambreate1820

fungate1821

hydriodide1823

sorbate1823

fulminate1824

uraniate1824

pinate1829

oleate1831

pectate1831

resinate1831

xanthate1831

formobenzoate1834

racemate1835

indigotate1838

japonate1838

oxalhydrate1838

oxalovinate1838

palmate1838

pyruvate1838

roccellate1838

rubinate1838

verdite1838

oxalurate1839

sesquisalt1839

palmitate1840

rhabarbarate1840

hippurate1841

palmitin1841

sericate1841

stearate1841

oenanthylate1843

humate1844

parabanate1844

urethylane1844

angelate1846

fungiate1847

nitroprusside1849

sodium nitroprusside1849

fulminurate1855

igasurate1855

inosinate1855

phenate1857

sinapate1857

styphnate1857

anchoate1858

parellate1858

toluate1860

piperate1862

fumarate1864

glycollate1864

hydurilate1865

hyoglycocholate1865

isamates1865

itaconates1865–72

paralactate1866

porphyrate1866

usnate1866

thebolactate1867

oxalonitrate1868

rhodanate1868

stearerate1868

terebate1868

terephthalate1868

thymotate1868

turpetholate1868

violurate1868

viridate1868

xanthide1868

glycocholate1872

xylate1872

xylidate1872

tiglate1875

peptonate1876

hydracrylate1877

thymolate1880

formamidine1882

carboxylate1884

nucleate1896

phytin1905

cacodylate1908

cupferron1910

protamine sulphate1915

metallic soap1918

pentaerythritol tetranitrate1923

phosphagen1927

phosphocreatine1927

viologen1933

pentachlorophenate1938

hyaluronate1946

tetraethylpyrophosphate1947

pteroylglutamate1948

inosate-

1938 Jrnl. Rubber Res. Inst. Malaya 8 325 The material used in the trials..consists of sodium pentachlorphenate and is known by the trade names of ‘Santophen 20 S’ or ‘Santobrite’.

1959 Times 24 Sept. 7/2 (advt.) The most effective chemical for preventing sapstain is Santobrite, Monsanto's sodium pentachlorophenate.

2000 Chem. Week (Nexis) 27 Dec. 22 KMG acquired a sodium pentachlorophenate business from Rhone-Poulenc in 1991.

pentachlorophenol n.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəklɔːrə(ʊ)ˈfiːnɒl/

/ˌpɛntəklɒrə(ʊ)ˈfiːnɒl/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˌklɔroʊˈfiˌnɔl/

/ˌpɛn(t)əˌklɔroʊˈfiˌnɑl/

(also pentachlorphenol) Chemistry a colourless, crystalline solid with acidic properties, C₆Cl₅OH, used (often in the form of its sodium salt) in insecticides, fungicides, weedkillers, wood preservatives, etc. (abbreviated PCP).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > benzene derivatives > phenols > others

phenetidine1851

nitrophenol1852

carvacrol1854

guaiacol1864

hydroquinone1865

iodophenol1868

pentachlorophenol1869

trichlorophenol1871

purpurogallin1872

xylenol1872

kosin1875

phloroglucinol1879

cerulignol1883

cannabinol1896

gossypol1899

thiophenol1899

phenol resin1911

oxine1927

nordihydroguaiaretic acid1944

1869 G. Fownes Man. Elem. Chem. 552 When treated in alcoholic solution with excess of chlorine, it is converted into pentachlorophenol, or chlorophenusic acid, C₆HCl₅O, which is also crystalline.

1960 E. L. Delmar-Morgan Cruising Yacht Equipm. & Navigation xxiv. 231 Rotproofing..Lauryl pentachlor phenol..is colourless, odourless, and very effective, and is available in an emulsion or solution form.

1977 Time 4 Apr. 56/3 They discovered that cattle in his herd..have been ingesting a wood preservative called pentachlorophenol (PCP)—probably when the animals licked the sides of their feed bins.

1992 B. Coote Trade Trap xi. 151 As a result of these wastes, chemicals such as mercury and a fungicide—pentachlorophenol—have been absorbed by the shellfish and fish at levels that are dangerous for human consumption.

penta-compound n.

Brit.

/ˈpɛntəˌkɒmpaʊnd/

U.S.

/ˈpɛn(t)əˌkɑmpaʊnd/

Chemistry rare an organic compound whose molecule contains five carbon atoms, or five groups of a particular kind.

ΚΠ

1866 W. Odling Lect. Animal Chem. iv. 66 Of tri-, tetra-, and penta-compounds, including glycerine, the lactic, butyric..and valeric acids.

1935 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 57 2325/2 The identity of the penta compound was confirmed by a mixed melting point with the ester prepared by the action of ethereal diazomethane on a sample of Eastman benzenepentacarboxylic acid.

pentagastrin n.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈɡastrɪn/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈɡæstrən/

Medicine and Pharmacology a synthetic pentapeptide consisting of the four amino acids of the carboxy-terminal end of the hormone gastrin with an additional, modified alanine residue, used chiefly in tests of gastric acid secretion.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > hormones and substances with same effect > [noun]

epinephrine1899

pituitrin1909

oxytocin1927

Pitocin1929

Pitressin1929

progestin1930

progesterone1935

methyltestosterone1936

pregnenolone1936

hexœstrol1939

stilboestrol1939

hydroxyprogesterone1941

progestogen1941

Premarin1942

hydroxycorticosterone1943

gestagen1948

hydrocortisone1951

cortisol1953

fluorohydrocortisone1954

isophane1954

prednisolone1955

prednisone1955

norethisterone1956

norethynodrel1957

dexamethasone1958

fludrocortisone1958

norethindrone1960

antidiuretic hormone1961

medroxyprogesterone1962

Pergonal1963

mesterolone1965

norgestrel1966

quinestrol1966

pancuronium1967

pentagastrin1967

levonorgestrel1977

1967 Lancet 11 Feb. 291/1 (heading) Pentagastrin as a stimulant of maximal gastric acid response in man.

1970 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. II. x. 3/1 For gastric function studies, pentagastrin has the important advantage over histamine in having no circulatory effects.

2004 Jrnl. Physiol. & Pharmacol. 55 223 Treatment with pentagastrin increased gastric mucosa weight, mucosal DNA synthesis and gastric blood flow.

pentahaloid adj. (and n.)

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈhalɔɪd/

/ˌpɛntəˈhaləʊɪd/

/ˌpɛntəˈheɪlɔɪd/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈheɪˌlɔɪd/

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈhæˌlɔɪd/

Chemistry rare (of a compound) having five halogen atoms per molecule (also as n.).

ΚΠ

1876 Encycl. Brit. V. 516/2 The compounds containing more than five atoms of halogen behave as mixtures of the pentahaloid compounds with halogens.., they furnish the products of the decomposition by water of the pentahaloid compound, and also the free halogen.

1939 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 61 839/1 They reduced the pentahaloids with aluminum powder at about 300° and extracted the residue with dilute acid.

pentahydrate n.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈhʌɪdreɪt/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈhaɪˌdreɪt/

Chemistry a hydrated compound containing five moles of water per mole of the compound; a hydrated species containing five water molecules.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > named compounds > [noun] > water > compounds of hydrates > by number of water molecules

pentahydrate1842

trihydrate1854

tetrahydrate1886

1842 T. Graham Elements Chem. ii. v. 446 Its solution [sc. that of hydrate of potassa] in water affords..crystals in the forms of four-sided tables and octahedrons, which are a pentahydrate.

1910 Amer. Naturalist 44 324 Conversely, should the vapor pressure fall below 47 mm., the pentahydrate loses water and is transformed into the trihydrate, and so on.

1975 Nature 28 Aug. 718/2 Hydrated offretite..contains a K ion in each cancrinite cage, a pentahydrate of Mg in each gmelinite cage, and hydrated Ca ions in the main channels.

2002 Mining Ann. Rev. (Nexis) Oct. 1 Expansion of its borax pentahydrate plant at Kirka was completed in the fourth quarter.

pentahydrated adj.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəhʌɪˈdreɪtᵻd/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈhaɪˌdreɪdᵻd/

Chemistry hydrated with five molecules of water, or with five moles of water per mole of the compound.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to named chemical reactions or processes > having undergone hydration > containing specific number of molecules of water

monohydrated1850

pentahydrated1851

trihydrated1868

hexahydrated1880

1851 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. V. 430 Penta-hydrated.—The ordinary form of cupric sulphate.

1951 C. Palache et al. Dana's Syst. Mineral. (ed. 7) II. 487 The pentahydrated sulfates and selenates of Mn, Co, Cu, Zn.

2003 Chem. & Biol. 10 551 Two distinct binding modes for pentahydrated Mg²⁺ ions..are described.

pentahydric adj.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈhʌɪdrɪk/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈhaɪdrɪk/

Chemistry (of an alcohol, phenol, etc.) containing five hydroxyl groups.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic groups > [adjective] > hydroxyl groups > containing 5 hydroxyl groups

pentahydric1876

1876 H. E. Armstrong Introd. Study Org. Chem. vi. 186 The glucoses partake of the nature both of aldehydes and of alcohols; they may be regarded, in fact, as pentahydric alcohols.

1952 J. K. N. Jones in E. H. Rodd Chem. Carbon Compounds I b. xix. 1197 Two pentahydric alcohols, adonitol (ribitol) and d-arabitol occur in nature.

1997 Manuf. Chemist (Nexis) Nov. 30 Pentahydric triglycerol..has been prepared for example by heating glycerol with monochlorohydrin.

pentamethylene n.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈmɛθᵻliːn/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈmɛθəˌlin/

[with sense pentacyclic adj. (a) at sense 1 compare German Pentamethylen (1888 or earlier), French pentaméthylène (1886 or earlier in pentaméthylènediamine)] Chemistry (a) the cyclic hydrocarbon cyclopentane, C₅H₁₀ (now rare); (b) the divalent straight-chain radical —(CH₂)₅—, present in pentamethylenediamine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > cyclic hydrocarbons > others

heveëne1838

menthene1838

carotene1861

stilbene1868

mesityl1879

naphthene1884

tetramethylene1885

hexamethylene1887

pentamethylene1887

irene1894

pregnane1932

adamantane1933

aldrin1949

sterane1951

norbornane1952

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > hydrocarbon radicals > bivalent radicals

ethylene1853

ethylidene1859

propylidene1876

pentamethylene1887

vinylidene1898

isopropylidene1900

1887 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 51 241 This acid is the orthodicarboxylic acid of pentamethylene, corresponding with phthalic acid of the benzene series.

1909 C. A. Keane Mod. Org. Chem. v. 63 The simplest cyclic compounds containing four and five carbon atoms are the hydrocarbons tetramethylene, C₄C₈, and pentamethylene, C₅H₁₀.

1926 Industr. & Engin. Chem. 18 1176/1 The instability of this rubber was overcome..by addition of basic substances such as..piperidine pentamethylene dithiocarbamate.

1946 E. G. Rochow Introd. Chem. Silicones iii. 48 Those pentamethylene groups which are joined to two different silicon atoms from organosilicon polymers resembling those obtained with phenylene groups.

1951 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. I. xi. 203 Pentamethylene glycol (pentane-1:5-diol), CH₂OH·(CH₂)₃·CH₂OH,..can be obtained from pentamethylene bromide.

1992 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 768/2 Oligonucleotides linked at their 5′ end to 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-aminoacridine through a pentamethylene linker were prepared as described.

pentamethylenediamine n.

Brit.

/pɛntəˌmɛθᵻliːnˈdʌɪəmiːn/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈˌmɛθəˌlinˈdaɪəˌmin/

Chemistry the alkaloid cadaverine, H₂N(CH₂)₅NH₂.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > amines > [noun] > diamines

acediamine1858

paraphenylenediamine1873

pentamethylenediamine1883

1883 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 44 910 Pentamethylenediamine, C₅H₁₀(NH₂)₂ is produced by the action of zinc and hydrochloric acid on an ethereal solution of trimethylene dicyanide.

1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xii. 247 Some [aliphatic diamines] occur in nature as a result of bacterial decomposition of proteins; for example,..cadaverine (pentamethylenediamine).

1998 Macromolecules 31 415/1 A slight deviation from 180°..produces a good hydrogen bond system for the pentamethylenediamine derivative.

pentanucleotide n.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈnjuːklɪətʌɪd/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈn(j)ukliəˌtaɪd/

Biochemistry an oligonucleotide containing five nucleotides.

ΚΠ

1931 P. A. Levene & L. W. Bass Nucleic Acids x. 303 On warming a solution of the supposed pentanucleotide in 2 per cent solution of sodium hydroxide.., Feulgen split the substance into the two component parts.

1975 Nature 6 Mar. 83/2 Statistical considerations indicate that coincidence among oligonucleotides of length six or more (pentanucleotides are marginal) provides strong evidence for primary structural homology in a sequence of 1,600 nucleotides.

1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 4173/1 The exogenous leader RNA was joined to the endogenous mRNA at the same site, which corresponds to a UCUAA pentanucleotide repeat region.

pentapeptide n.

Brit.

/ˌpɛntəˈpɛptʌɪd/

U.S.

/ˌpɛn(t)əˈpɛpˌtaɪd/

Biochemistry an oligopeptide containing five amino-acid residues.

ΚΠ

1905 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 27 1449 The author [sc. Fischer] reports the synthesis of the following substances:..(4) Pentapeptides: Tetraglycylglycine.

1960 Biochem. Jrnl. 76 16 p/2 Appreciable hydrolysis..took place yielding, as one of the products, a pentapeptide containing arginine, proline, glycine, and phenylalanine.

1989 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 16 Sept. 334/2 The fact that the active agent was a pentapeptide and that a synthetic nonapeptide inhibitor was discovered caused Welch to believe..that here was the potential for drug discovery.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	penta-
释义	penta-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Forms: before a vowel pent-. Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek πεντα-. Etymology: < ancient Greek πεντα-, combining form (in e.g. πεντάγωνος pentagon adj.) of πέντε five ( < the same Indo-European base as five adj.); occurring in many words in Greek as a variant of the earlier πεντε- (in e.g. πεντέγραμμος : see pentagram n.) on the model of e.g. δεκα- deca- comb. form, ἑπτα- hepta- comb. form, τετρα- tetra- comb. form.Attested earliest in Old English in the Latin loan pentapolis n., and subsequently in the 15th cent. in the isolated English formation pentangle n. and the French and Latin loan Pentateuch n. Apart from pentangle n., formations within English (chiefly scientific terms) are found from the mid 17th cent.; compare e.g. pentagamist n. Compare post-classical and scientific Latin penta- (formations in which are found from at least the 16th cent.), French penta- (formations in which are found from at least the late 18th cent.), German penta- (formations in which are found from at least the early 19th cent.). Combining chiefly with second elements ultimately of Greek and Latin origin. 1. Having five, fivefold. † pentacanthous adj. [ < penta- comb. form + ancient Greek ἄκανθα thorn (see acanthus n.) + -ous suffix, after scientific Latin pentacanthus (1790 or earlier as a specific epithet)] Zoology Obsolete rare having five spines.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Pentacanthus, applied to a fish with five spinous rays to one of its fins..:pentacanthous. † pentacapsular adj. Botany Obsolete rare having five seed capsules or cavities; cf. earlier quinquecapsular adj. at quinque- comb. form .Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1764 Bailey's Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (new ed.) Pentacapsular, having five seed-pods or cavities. pentacarpellary adj. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈkɑːpəl(ə)ri/ , /ˌpɛntəˈkɑːpl̩(ə)ri/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈkɑrpəˌlɛri/ Botany consisting of five carpels. ΚΠ 1880 C. E. Bessey Botany xx. 433 It [sc. the gynoecium] is said to be mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, etc., and poly-carpellary, according as it has one, two, three, four, five, to many carpels. 1942 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 29 156 The pistil is pentacarpellary. 1989 Rev. Palaeobot. & Palynol. 59 57 The fruits are mostly pentacarpellary, syncarpous, deeply segmented and have a peltate pedicel. pentachromic adj. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈkrəʊmɪk/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈkroʊmɪk/ now rare relating to or involving five colours; (of vision) capable of distinguishing (only) five colours in the spectrum. ΚΠ 1892 Proc. Royal Soc. 51 348 Therefore, the vision of the normal-sighted being hexachromic, the vision of the colour-blind is pentachromic, tetrachromic, or dichromic. 1902 19th Cent. Apr. 607 Those who see five colours may be termed pentachromic. 1987 Boletin de Estudios Medicos y Biologicos Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico 35 233/2 The pentachromic staining technique will allow the identification of five different cellular populations. † pentacoccous adj. [after post-classical Latin pentacoccus (1688 or earlier)] Botany Obsolete having five compartments containing seed. ΚΠ 1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. 209 It [sc. the fruit] is pentacoccous, or divided into five Cellulæ, containing each a blackish Seed. 1793 T. Martyn Lang. Bot. sig. O3^v Pentacocca capsula, a pentacoccous or five-grained capsule. Swelling out in five protuberances; or, having five united cells, with one seed in each. pentacyclic adj. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈsɪklɪk/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈsɪklɪk/ [ < penta- comb. form + ancient Greek κύκλος cycle n.¹ + -ic suffix, after German pentacyclisch (1873 in the passage translated in quot. 1875)] (a) Botany (of a flower) having the parts arranged in five whorls (rare); (b) Chemistry having five rings of atoms in the molecule. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic compounds > [adjective] > cyclic compounds pentacyclic1875 cyclic1898 1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 548 The flowers of Gramineæ and Orchideæ can be traced back to the trimerous pentacyclic type. 1899 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 76 i. 742 It is one of the first cases observed of the conversion of a pentacyclic into a hexacyclic carbon compound. 1945 W. O. Howarth & L. G. G. Warne Lowson's Textbk. Bot. (ed. 9) xiii. 321 Family Saxifragaceae.—Flowers..usually pentacyclic. 1951 H. J. Deuel Lipids I. iv. 391 The β- and α-amyrin groups..are pentacyclic, while the elemi acids contain a tetracyclic group. 1989 Nature 7 Dec. 670/2 Hopanes and other pentacyclic triterpanes are relatively resistant to microbial degradation. pentadelphous adj. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈdɛlfəs/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈdɛlfəs/ [ < penta- comb. form + ancient Greek ἀδελϕός brother (see adelphous adj.) + -ous suffix] Botany (of stamens) arranged in five groups; (of a plant) having the stamens so arranged. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having or relating to parts > of or having stamens or pistils > of or having stamens or male > in specific quantity, form, or arrangement castrate1704 syngenesious1753 pentandrious1754 pentandrous1757 polyandrous1757 polyadelphous1778 triandrious1786 polyandrian1787 gynandrian1791 monadelphous1806 monandrous1806 tetrandrous1806 perigynous1807 octandrousa1815 pleurogynous1819 hypogynous1821 icosandrian1828 octandrian1828 pentandrian1828 polyadelphian1828 tetradynamian1828 hexandrous1830 pentadelphous1830 tetradynamous1830 triadelphous1830 triandrous1830 icosandrous1836 corollifloral1839 indefinite1839 oligandrous1851 isadelphous1855 thalamifloral1857 thalamiflorous1857 phalangiform1858 polyandrious1858 allagostemonous1879 corolliflorous1880 obdiplostemonous1882 hypogynic1886 octandrious1890 Monadelphic1959 polyandric1976 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 36 They [sc. the Cotton Tree tribe] are also known by their pentadelphous stamens. 1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. 118 In Hypericaceæ we have triadelphous, and pentadelphous states; but these..are generally denominated polyadelphous. 1896 G. Henslow How to study Wild Flowers 18 In the St. John's worts, they [sc. filaments] are grouped into clusters..of three or five. These are therefore triadelphous and pentadelphous. 1998 Jrnl. Torrey Bot. Soc. 125 268 The stamens are pentadelphous and grouped at the base into five bundles that are positioned in the petal planes. pentadodecahedron n. Brit. /pɛntəˌdəʊdɛkəˈhiːdrən/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˌdoʊˌdɛkəˈhidrən/ Geometry rare a regular dodecahedron; a dodecahedron having twelve pentagonal faces. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > three-dimensional > contained by pentagons pentadodecahedron1869 pentagon-dodecahedron1895 pentagonohedron1895 1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius x. 273 These five types of form, all regular,..and all parts of one equi-axed system, may be named and employed to designate crystals,..the cube, octahedron,..penta-dodecahedron. 1975 R. B. Fuller & E. J. Applewhite Synergetics 318 Necklace cubes, rhombic dodecahedra, pentadodecahedra, vector equilibria, and tetrakaidecahedra are all unstable. pentafid adj. Brit. /ˈpɛntəfɪd/ , U.S. /ˈpɛn(t)əˌfɪd/ [ < penta- comb. form + classical Latin -fidus -fid comb. form] Botany rare cleft into five; cf. earlier quinquefid adj. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > part defined by form or function > [adjective] > divided, segmented, slashed, or lobed lobated1703 quinquefid1703 lobousa1722 biparted1725 tripartite1753 lobate1760 octofid1760 septemfid1777 parted1785 triquadrifid1833 rimiform1837 slashed1839 lobulate1862 bipartite1864 palmilobed1876 pentafid1882 segmented1883 lobose1885 torn1888 triquinate1891 sectile1899 1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) Pentafid, in bot. cleft or divided into five. 1895 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22 357 Leaves three-divided appearing pentafid from division of the lateral leaflets. 1989 Brittonia 41 63 Staminal column..minutely puberulous on distal third and glabrous proximally, at apex pentafid. † pentahexahedral adj. [compare later pentahexahedron n.] Crystallography Obsolete rare designating a crystal having thirty facets arranged in five groups, each of six facets, running round the crystal. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > specific crystal forms > [adjective] > miscellaneous others secondary1816 trapezian1816 triacontahedral1816 tri-dodecahedral1816 tri-hexahedral1816 tri-octahedral1816 tri-rhomboidal1816 octodecimal1817 octoduodecimal1817 octosexdecimal1817 pentahexahedral1817 octahedrala1824 trigonal1878 pinacoidal1879 tetartopyramid1891 trisoctahedral1891 tetartohexagonal1895 tetartosystematic1895 1817 R. Jameson Treat. External Characters Minerals (ed. 3) 204 Penta-hexahedral..when the crystal's surface consists of..five..ranges of planes, disposed six and six above each other. † pentahexahedron n. Crystallography Obsolete rare a pentahexahedral crystal.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > three-dimensional > with fourteen or more faces icosahedron1570 icosidodecahedron1570 icosaeder1656 chiliahedron1690 tetrahexahedron1816 icositetrahedron1831 trisoctahedron1837 pentahexahedron1857 hexakisoctahedron1878 tetrakaidekahedron1894 triacontahedron1939 1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Pentahexahedron. pentalophodont adj. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈləʊfədɒnt/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈlɑfəˌdɑnt/ , /ˌpɛn(t)əˈloʊfəˌdɑnt/ [ < penta- comb. form + lopho- comb. form + -odont comb. form; compare scientific Latin Pentalophodon, former subgenus of mastodons characterized by teeth of this kind (H. Falconer 1857, in Quart. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 13 314)] Zoology and Palaeontology having molar teeth with five ridges. ΚΠ 1883 Encycl. Brit. XV. 623/1 Transitional conditions have..been shown..between the latter and what has been called ‘pentalophodont’ type. 1979 Paleobiology 5 127/1 The ancestral stock is believed to have been composed of pentalophodont—low crowned (brachydont) sylvan forms comparable to the living Thomasomys. 1987 R. Hoffstetter in R. L. Ciochon & J. G. Fleagle Primate Evol. & Human Origins xiv. 104 The Old World Hystricomorpha are fundamentally pentalophodont. † pentapetalose adj. Botany Obsolete rare = pentapetalous adj. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having or relating to parts > of or having petals foliaceous1658 monopetalous1687 pentapetalous1687 polypetalous1687 hose-in-hose1688 monopetalose1693 pentapetalose1693 tetrapetalose1694 tetrapetalous1697 tripetalose1698 tripetalous1704 hexapetalous1707 petalous1719 petaloid1720 planipetalous1730 petaline1783 petaliform1788 petalled1793 polypetal1803 hexapetaloid1813 hexapetaloideous1830 tripetaloid1830 tripetaloideous1830 unipetalous1831 petaliferous1847 macropetalous1857 sympetalous1870 apopetalous1875 anisopetalous1880 petally1888 thread-petalled1899 thousand-petalled1951 decapetalous- synpetalous- 1693 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 684 The Flowers grow in Clusters like those of the Vine, are pentapetalose. 1714 Philos. Trans. 1713 (Royal Soc.) 28 202 Bell-flowered and Pentapetalose Plants. pentapetalous adj. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈpɛtələs/ , /ˌpɛntəˈpɛtl̩əs/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈpɛdl̩əs/ [after post-classical Latin pentapetalus (1686 or earlier)] Botany (now rare) having five petals. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [adjective] > having or relating to parts > of or having petals foliaceous1658 monopetalous1687 pentapetalous1687 polypetalous1687 hose-in-hose1688 monopetalose1693 pentapetalose1693 tetrapetalose1694 tetrapetalous1697 tripetalose1698 tripetalous1704 hexapetalous1707 petalous1719 petaloid1720 planipetalous1730 petaline1783 petaliform1788 petalled1793 polypetal1803 hexapetaloid1813 hexapetaloideous1830 tripetaloid1830 tripetaloideous1830 unipetalous1831 petaliferous1847 macropetalous1857 sympetalous1870 apopetalous1875 anisopetalous1880 petally1888 thread-petalled1899 thousand-petalled1951 decapetalous- synpetalous- 1687 Philos. Trans. 1686–7 (Royal Soc.) 16 286 The genuine Umbelli have Pentapetalous Flowers, to each of which, succeed two naked Seeds joined together. 1845 J. Lindley School Bot. (1858) vi. 104 c Corolla monopetalous, or pentapetalous. 1910 Encycl. Brit. X. 564/1 A corolla is dipetalous, tripetalous, tetrapetalous or pentapetalous according as it has two, three, four or five separate petals. † pentaphylloideous adj. [after post-classical Latin pentaphylloideus (1686 or earlier)] Botany Obsolete rare having five leaflike parts or leaves; pentaphyllous. ΚΠ 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. xxxii. 153 Laurus, with a pentaphylloideous Calyx. † pentaphyllous adj. [probably after post-classical and scientific Latin pentaphyllus (C. Clusius Rariorvm Plantarvm Historia (1601) V. cxxj); compare Hellenistic Greek πεντάϕυλλος five-petalled (also ancient Greek πεντάϕυλλον cinquefoil)] Botany Obsolete having five leaves or leaflike parts (leaflets, sepals, etc.). ΚΠ 1687 Philos. Trans. 1686–7 (Royal Soc.) 16 289 The Loti which are almost Pentaphyllous or five leaved Legumes. 1853 A. Gray Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 4) ix. 285 The calyx is said to be diphyllous, triphyllous, tetraphyllous, pentaphyllous, hexaphyllous, &c., according as it is composed of 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 leaves or sepals respectively. 1988 Plant Foods Human Nutrition 38 115 The pentaphyllous mutant had a greater number of pods and leaves per plant and larger and more root nodules. † pentapterous adj. [after scientific Latin pentapterus (1800 or earlier)] Botany Obsolete rare (of a plant part) having five wings.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Pentapterus, having five expansions in form of wings, as the capsule of the Evonymus latifolius..:pentapterous. pentasepalous adj. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈsɛp(ə)ləs/ , /ˌpɛntəˈsiːp(ə)ləs/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈsip(ə)ləs/ , /ˌpɛn(t)əˈsɛp(ə)ləs/ Botany having five sepals. ΚΠ 1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. i. ii. 173 A trisepalous calyx has three sepals, pentasepalous or pentaphyllous, five, as in Stellaria Holostea. 1910 Encycl. Brit. X. 563/1 A calyx which has three sepals is trisepalous; one with five sepals is pentasepalous. 1974 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 61 571 Both the Manilkara group and the pentasepalous group are common to Africa and South America. † pentaspermous adj. [ < penta- comb. form + -spermous comb. form] Botany Obsolete rare having five seeds.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1812 J. Stokes Bot. Materia Medica III. 57 Mespius. Berry pentaspermous. 1816 Encycl. Perthensis (ed. 2) XI. 156/2 The berry is pentaspermous. 2. Chemistry and Biochemistry. Forming terms in which penta- signifies the presence in a compound or molecule of five atoms, groups, etc. a. pentachloride n. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈklɔːrʌɪd/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈklɔˌraɪd/ ΚΠ 1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 290 Pentachloride of antimony, SbCl₅. 1880 E. Cleminshaw tr. C. A. Wurtz Atomic Theory 227 Phosphorus and antimony can unite with five atoms of chlorine to form the pentachlorides. 1991 Chron. Higher Educ. 20 Feb. a8/1 The chemists produced molybdenum disulfide..by mixing two solids, molybdenum pentachloride and sodium sulfide, in an inert atmosphere. penta-fluoride n. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈflʊərʌɪd/ , /ˌpɛntəˈflɔːrʌɪd/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈflʊˌraɪd/ , /ˌpɛn(t)əˈflɔˌraɪd/ ΚΠ 1872 Philos. Trans. 1871 (Royal Soc.) 161 327 Bromine gradually expels a portion of the fluorine (probably in the form of pentafluoride of bromine) from argentic fluoride in platinum vessels at a red heat. 1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxxvi. 703 Arsenic pentafluoride, AsF₅,..is a colourless gas which condenses at −53° to a yellow liquid. 1994 Sci. News 22 Oct. 261/1 Olah obtained his first results by mixing hydrogen fluoride with antimony pentafluoride to produce a superacid. penta-sulphide n. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈsʌlfʌɪd/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈsəlˌfaɪd/ ΚΠ 1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 311 Yellow precipitate, which is the pentasulphide of arsenic (sulpharsenic acid). 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 147/2 Thiamides of the type R·CSNH₂ are known, and result..by the action of phosphorus pentasulphide on the acid-amides. 1996 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 354 1600 The sulphur electrode consists of elemental sulphur impregnated in a carbon felt matrix. When discharge begins sodium pentasulphide is formed. † penta-sulphuret n. Obsolete rare ΚΠ 1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. 473 Pentasulphuret of antimony, otherwise called sulpho-antimonic acid. b. pentabasic adj. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈbeɪsɪk/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈbeɪsɪk/ [compare French pentabasique (1847 or earlier)] Chemistry and Biochemistry (of an acid or acidic group) having five replaceable hydrogen atoms; (also) containing five atoms of base, or consisting of five bases. ΚΠ 1854 J. W. Draper Kane's Elements Chem. (Amer. ed.) xix. 524 The basis of the red prussiate of potash should be, then, another polymeric cyanogen, Cy₆, which would form, with hydrogen, a pentabasic acid. 1910 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 32 192 Compare..the strongly acid character of the monoxanthyl derivatives which form pentabasic salts. 1954 T. Vickerstaff Physical Chem. Dyeing (ed. 2) xii. 398 Tetrabasic and even pentabasic acid dyes appear to occupy the equivalent number of sites in wool. 1990 Growth Factors 2 128/1 There is a pentabasic Arg-Arg-Lys-Lys-Arg site preceding the N-terminus..at positions 296–300. pentacarbon adj. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈkɑːbən/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈkɑrbən/ rare having five atoms of carbon. ΚΠ 1866 W. Odling Lect. Animal Chem. v. 108 Pentacarbon molecules such as amido-valeric acid or phocine. 1993 Revivaline in misc.health.alternative (Usenet newsgroup) 20 Nov. Has anyone heard or know [sic] of this discovery... Apparently made from ATP, GTP, and Pentacarbon sugars reduced to monocrystals. pentachloroethane n. Brit. /ˌpɛntəklɔːrəʊˈiːθeɪn/ , /ˌpɛntəklɒrəʊˈiːθeɪn/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˌklɔroʊˈɛˌθeɪn/ (also pentachlorethane) Chemistry a toxic, volatile, colourless liquid, C₂HCl₅, produced synthetically and formerly used as a solvent. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > halogenated hydrocarbons > specific tetrachlorethane1871 pentachloroethane1872 trichloroethylene1889 Freon1932 tetrafluoroethylene1933 fluorocarbon1937 perfluorocarbon1947 heptachlor1949 tetrachlorodibenzodioxin1959 TCDD1971 CFC1976 1872 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 25 232 (heading) Action of bromine on pentachlorethane. 1917 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 39 1722 Pentachloroethane.—An immediate precipitate, melting at 237°, was obtained [with piperidine]. 1975 Internat. Jrnl. Chem. Kinetics 7 331 The rate of the inhibited pyrolysis of pentachloroethane was studied over the temperature range of 820 to 865°K using the toluene-carrier technique in a stirred-flow reactor. pentachlorophenate n. Brit. /ˌpɛntəklɔːrə(ʊ)ˈfiːneɪt/ , /ˌpɛntəklɒrə(ʊ)ˈfiːneɪt/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˌklɔroʊˈfiˌneɪt/ (also pentachlorphenate) Chemistry a salt of pentachlorophenol. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic salts > [noun] > miscellaneous others alum zucarinea1425 white precipitate1588 volatile salt or salts1639 malate1788 oxalate1788 sebate1788 succinate1789 camphorate1800 suberate1800 tannate1802 formate1807 zymate1817 uranate1819 ambreate1820 fungate1821 hydriodide1823 sorbate1823 fulminate1824 uraniate1824 pinate1829 oleate1831 pectate1831 resinate1831 xanthate1831 formobenzoate1834 racemate1835 indigotate1838 japonate1838 oxalhydrate1838 oxalovinate1838 palmate1838 pyruvate1838 roccellate1838 rubinate1838 verdite1838 oxalurate1839 sesquisalt1839 palmitate1840 rhabarbarate1840 hippurate1841 palmitin1841 sericate1841 stearate1841 oenanthylate1843 humate1844 parabanate1844 urethylane1844 angelate1846 fungiate1847 nitroprusside1849 sodium nitroprusside1849 fulminurate1855 igasurate1855 inosinate1855 phenate1857 sinapate1857 styphnate1857 anchoate1858 parellate1858 toluate1860 piperate1862 fumarate1864 glycollate1864 hydurilate1865 hyoglycocholate1865 isamates1865 itaconates1865–72 paralactate1866 porphyrate1866 usnate1866 thebolactate1867 oxalonitrate1868 rhodanate1868 stearerate1868 terebate1868 terephthalate1868 thymotate1868 turpetholate1868 violurate1868 viridate1868 xanthide1868 glycocholate1872 xylate1872 xylidate1872 tiglate1875 peptonate1876 hydracrylate1877 thymolate1880 formamidine1882 carboxylate1884 nucleate1896 phytin1905 cacodylate1908 cupferron1910 protamine sulphate1915 metallic soap1918 pentaerythritol tetranitrate1923 phosphagen1927 phosphocreatine1927 viologen1933 pentachlorophenate1938 hyaluronate1946 tetraethylpyrophosphate1947 pteroylglutamate1948 inosate- 1938 Jrnl. Rubber Res. Inst. Malaya 8 325 The material used in the trials..consists of sodium pentachlorphenate and is known by the trade names of ‘Santophen 20 S’ or ‘Santobrite’. 1959 Times 24 Sept. 7/2 (advt.) The most effective chemical for preventing sapstain is Santobrite, Monsanto's sodium pentachlorophenate. 2000 Chem. Week (Nexis) 27 Dec. 22 KMG acquired a sodium pentachlorophenate business from Rhone-Poulenc in 1991. pentachlorophenol n. Brit. /ˌpɛntəklɔːrə(ʊ)ˈfiːnɒl/ , /ˌpɛntəklɒrə(ʊ)ˈfiːnɒl/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˌklɔroʊˈfiˌnɔl/ , /ˌpɛn(t)əˌklɔroʊˈfiˌnɑl/ (also pentachlorphenol) Chemistry a colourless, crystalline solid with acidic properties, C₆Cl₅OH, used (often in the form of its sodium salt) in insecticides, fungicides, weedkillers, wood preservatives, etc. (abbreviated PCP). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > benzene derivatives > phenols > others phenetidine1851 nitrophenol1852 carvacrol1854 guaiacol1864 hydroquinone1865 iodophenol1868 pentachlorophenol1869 trichlorophenol1871 purpurogallin1872 xylenol1872 kosin1875 phloroglucinol1879 cerulignol1883 cannabinol1896 gossypol1899 thiophenol1899 phenol resin1911 oxine1927 nordihydroguaiaretic acid1944 1869 G. Fownes Man. Elem. Chem. 552 When treated in alcoholic solution with excess of chlorine, it is converted into pentachlorophenol, or chlorophenusic acid, C₆HCl₅O, which is also crystalline. 1960 E. L. Delmar-Morgan Cruising Yacht Equipm. & Navigation xxiv. 231 Rotproofing..Lauryl pentachlor phenol..is colourless, odourless, and very effective, and is available in an emulsion or solution form. 1977 Time 4 Apr. 56/3 They discovered that cattle in his herd..have been ingesting a wood preservative called pentachlorophenol (PCP)—probably when the animals licked the sides of their feed bins. 1992 B. Coote Trade Trap xi. 151 As a result of these wastes, chemicals such as mercury and a fungicide—pentachlorophenol—have been absorbed by the shellfish and fish at levels that are dangerous for human consumption. penta-compound n. Brit. /ˈpɛntəˌkɒmpaʊnd/ , U.S. /ˈpɛn(t)əˌkɑmpaʊnd/ Chemistry rare an organic compound whose molecule contains five carbon atoms, or five groups of a particular kind. ΚΠ 1866 W. Odling Lect. Animal Chem. iv. 66 Of tri-, tetra-, and penta-compounds, including glycerine, the lactic, butyric..and valeric acids. 1935 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 57 2325/2 The identity of the penta compound was confirmed by a mixed melting point with the ester prepared by the action of ethereal diazomethane on a sample of Eastman benzenepentacarboxylic acid. pentagastrin n. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈɡastrɪn/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈɡæstrən/ Medicine and Pharmacology a synthetic pentapeptide consisting of the four amino acids of the carboxy-terminal end of the hormone gastrin with an additional, modified alanine residue, used chiefly in tests of gastric acid secretion. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > hormones and substances with same effect > [noun] epinephrine1899 pituitrin1909 oxytocin1927 Pitocin1929 Pitressin1929 progestin1930 progesterone1935 methyltestosterone1936 pregnenolone1936 hexœstrol1939 stilboestrol1939 hydroxyprogesterone1941 progestogen1941 Premarin1942 hydroxycorticosterone1943 gestagen1948 hydrocortisone1951 cortisol1953 fluorohydrocortisone1954 isophane1954 prednisolone1955 prednisone1955 norethisterone1956 norethynodrel1957 dexamethasone1958 fludrocortisone1958 norethindrone1960 antidiuretic hormone1961 medroxyprogesterone1962 Pergonal1963 mesterolone1965 norgestrel1966 quinestrol1966 pancuronium1967 pentagastrin1967 levonorgestrel1977 1967 Lancet 11 Feb. 291/1 (heading) Pentagastrin as a stimulant of maximal gastric acid response in man. 1970 R. Passmore & J. S. Robson Compan. Med. Stud. II. x. 3/1 For gastric function studies, pentagastrin has the important advantage over histamine in having no circulatory effects. 2004 Jrnl. Physiol. & Pharmacol. 55 223 Treatment with pentagastrin increased gastric mucosa weight, mucosal DNA synthesis and gastric blood flow. pentahaloid adj. (and n.) Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈhalɔɪd/ , /ˌpɛntəˈhaləʊɪd/ , /ˌpɛntəˈheɪlɔɪd/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈheɪˌlɔɪd/ , /ˌpɛn(t)əˈhæˌlɔɪd/ Chemistry rare (of a compound) having five halogen atoms per molecule (also as n.). ΚΠ 1876 Encycl. Brit. V. 516/2 The compounds containing more than five atoms of halogen behave as mixtures of the pentahaloid compounds with halogens.., they furnish the products of the decomposition by water of the pentahaloid compound, and also the free halogen. 1939 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 61 839/1 They reduced the pentahaloids with aluminum powder at about 300° and extracted the residue with dilute acid. pentahydrate n. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈhʌɪdreɪt/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈhaɪˌdreɪt/ Chemistry a hydrated compound containing five moles of water per mole of the compound; a hydrated species containing five water molecules. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > named compounds > [noun] > water > compounds of hydrates > by number of water molecules pentahydrate1842 trihydrate1854 tetrahydrate1886 1842 T. Graham Elements Chem. ii. v. 446 Its solution [sc. that of hydrate of potassa] in water affords..crystals in the forms of four-sided tables and octahedrons, which are a pentahydrate. 1910 Amer. Naturalist 44 324 Conversely, should the vapor pressure fall below 47 mm., the pentahydrate loses water and is transformed into the trihydrate, and so on. 1975 Nature 28 Aug. 718/2 Hydrated offretite..contains a K ion in each cancrinite cage, a pentahydrate of Mg in each gmelinite cage, and hydrated Ca ions in the main channels. 2002 Mining Ann. Rev. (Nexis) Oct. 1 Expansion of its borax pentahydrate plant at Kirka was completed in the fourth quarter. pentahydrated adj. Brit. /ˌpɛntəhʌɪˈdreɪtᵻd/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈhaɪˌdreɪdᵻd/ Chemistry hydrated with five molecules of water, or with five moles of water per mole of the compound. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to named chemical reactions or processes > having undergone hydration > containing specific number of molecules of water monohydrated1850 pentahydrated1851 trihydrated1868 hexahydrated1880 1851 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. V. 430 Penta-hydrated.—The ordinary form of cupric sulphate. 1951 C. Palache et al. Dana's Syst. Mineral. (ed. 7) II. 487 The pentahydrated sulfates and selenates of Mn, Co, Cu, Zn. 2003 Chem. & Biol. 10 551 Two distinct binding modes for pentahydrated Mg²⁺ ions..are described. pentahydric adj. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈhʌɪdrɪk/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈhaɪdrɪk/ Chemistry (of an alcohol, phenol, etc.) containing five hydroxyl groups. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic groups > [adjective] > hydroxyl groups > containing 5 hydroxyl groups pentahydric1876 1876 H. E. Armstrong Introd. Study Org. Chem. vi. 186 The glucoses partake of the nature both of aldehydes and of alcohols; they may be regarded, in fact, as pentahydric alcohols. 1952 J. K. N. Jones in E. H. Rodd Chem. Carbon Compounds I b. xix. 1197 Two pentahydric alcohols, adonitol (ribitol) and d-arabitol occur in nature. 1997 Manuf. Chemist (Nexis) Nov. 30 Pentahydric triglycerol..has been prepared for example by heating glycerol with monochlorohydrin. pentamethylene n. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈmɛθᵻliːn/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈmɛθəˌlin/ [with sense pentacyclic adj. (a) at sense 1 compare German Pentamethylen (1888 or earlier), French pentaméthylène (1886 or earlier in pentaméthylènediamine)] Chemistry (a) the cyclic hydrocarbon cyclopentane, C₅H₁₀ (now rare); (b) the divalent straight-chain radical —(CH₂)₅—, present in pentamethylenediamine. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > cyclic hydrocarbons > others heveëne1838 menthene1838 carotene1861 stilbene1868 mesityl1879 naphthene1884 tetramethylene1885 hexamethylene1887 pentamethylene1887 irene1894 pregnane1932 adamantane1933 aldrin1949 sterane1951 norbornane1952 the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > hydrocarbons > [noun] > hydrocarbon radicals > bivalent radicals ethylene1853 ethylidene1859 propylidene1876 pentamethylene1887 vinylidene1898 isopropylidene1900 1887 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 51 241 This acid is the orthodicarboxylic acid of pentamethylene, corresponding with phthalic acid of the benzene series. 1909 C. A. Keane Mod. Org. Chem. v. 63 The simplest cyclic compounds containing four and five carbon atoms are the hydrocarbons tetramethylene, C₄C₈, and pentamethylene, C₅H₁₀. 1926 Industr. & Engin. Chem. 18 1176/1 The instability of this rubber was overcome..by addition of basic substances such as..piperidine pentamethylene dithiocarbamate. 1946 E. G. Rochow Introd. Chem. Silicones iii. 48 Those pentamethylene groups which are joined to two different silicon atoms from organosilicon polymers resembling those obtained with phenylene groups. 1951 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. I. xi. 203 Pentamethylene glycol (pentane-1:5-diol), CH₂OH·(CH₂)₃·CH₂OH,..can be obtained from pentamethylene bromide. 1992 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 768/2 Oligonucleotides linked at their 5′ end to 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-aminoacridine through a pentamethylene linker were prepared as described. pentamethylenediamine n. Brit. /pɛntəˌmɛθᵻliːnˈdʌɪəmiːn/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈˌmɛθəˌlinˈdaɪəˌmin/ Chemistry the alkaloid cadaverine, H₂N(CH₂)₅NH₂. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > amines > [noun] > diamines acediamine1858 paraphenylenediamine1873 pentamethylenediamine1883 1883 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 44 910 Pentamethylenediamine, C₅H₁₀(NH₂)₂ is produced by the action of zinc and hydrochloric acid on an ethereal solution of trimethylene dicyanide. 1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xii. 247 Some [aliphatic diamines] occur in nature as a result of bacterial decomposition of proteins; for example,..cadaverine (pentamethylenediamine). 1998 Macromolecules 31 415/1 A slight deviation from 180°..produces a good hydrogen bond system for the pentamethylenediamine derivative. pentanucleotide n. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈnjuːklɪətʌɪd/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈn(j)ukliəˌtaɪd/ Biochemistry an oligonucleotide containing five nucleotides. ΚΠ 1931 P. A. Levene & L. W. Bass Nucleic Acids x. 303 On warming a solution of the supposed pentanucleotide in 2 per cent solution of sodium hydroxide.., Feulgen split the substance into the two component parts. 1975 Nature 6 Mar. 83/2 Statistical considerations indicate that coincidence among oligonucleotides of length six or more (pentanucleotides are marginal) provides strong evidence for primary structural homology in a sequence of 1,600 nucleotides. 1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 4173/1 The exogenous leader RNA was joined to the endogenous mRNA at the same site, which corresponds to a UCUAA pentanucleotide repeat region. pentapeptide n. Brit. /ˌpɛntəˈpɛptʌɪd/ , U.S. /ˌpɛn(t)əˈpɛpˌtaɪd/ Biochemistry an oligopeptide containing five amino-acid residues. ΚΠ 1905 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 27 1449 The author [sc. Fischer] reports the synthesis of the following substances:..(4) Pentapeptides: Tetraglycylglycine. 1960 Biochem. Jrnl. 76 16 p/2 Appreciable hydrolysis..took place yielding, as one of the products, a pentapeptide containing arginine, proline, glycine, and phenylalanine. 1989 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 16 Sept. 334/2 The fact that the active agent was a pentapeptide and that a synthetic nonapeptide inhibitor was discovered caused Welch to believe..that here was the potential for drug discovery. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < comb. form1687
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