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单词 peril
释义

periln.

Brit. /ˈpɛrᵻl/, /ˈpɛrl̩/, U.S. /ˈpɛrəl/
Forms:

α. Middle English peerle, Middle English peraille, Middle English perayle, Middle English pereil, Middle English pereill, Middle English pereille, Middle English perel, Middle English perele, Middle English perelle, Middle English pereyl, Middle English pereyll, Middle English periil, Middle English perile, Middle English perille, Middle English perle, Middle English perol, Middle English peryle, Middle English perylle, Middle English–1500s perayle, Middle English–1500s perell, Middle English–1500s peryl, Middle English–1600s perril, Middle English–1600s peryll, Middle English–1700s (1800s archaic) perill, Middle English– peril, 1500s pearel, 1500s pearil, 1500s pearrell, 1500s perrele, 1500s perryll, 1500s poryll, 1500s–1600s perrill; Scottish pre-1700 peirell, pre-1700 peiril, pre-1700 peraell, pre-1700 peraill, pre-1700 peral, pre-1700 perale, pre-1700 perall, pre-1700 pereill, pre-1700 perel, pre-1700 perele, pre-1700 perell, pre-1700 perile, pre-1700 perral, pre-1700 perrale, pre-1700 perrall, pre-1700 perrel, pre-1700 perrele, pre-1700 perrell, pre-1700 perrile, pre-1700 perrill, pre-1700 peruell (perhaps transmission error), pre-1700 peryl, pre-1700 peryle, pre-1700 perylle, pre-1700 porele (perhaps transmission error), pre-1700 1700s perill, pre-1700 1700s perril, pre-1700 1700s– peril; N.E.D. (1905) also records a form late Middle English pearl.

β. Middle English pareill, Middle English parelle, Middle English pareyle, Middle English paril, Middle English parilie, Middle English parill, Middle English paryle, Middle English paryll, Middle English–1500s parel, Middle English–1500s parell, 1500s parrell; Scottish pre-1700 parel, pre-1700 parele, pre-1700 parell, pre-1700 parrall, pre-1700 parrel, pre-1700 parrell, pre-1700 parrile.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French peril.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman peril, pereil, perel, perill, perille, perelle, perrelle, perril, etc., and Old French, Middle French peril danger, risk (c980 in Old French; French péril ) < classical Latin perīculum , perīclum test, trial, risk, danger, responsibility for damage or loss < an unattested verb only recorded in the compound experīrī to try, make trial of (see expert adj.1) + -culum -culum suffix. Compare Old Occitan perilh (early 12th cent.), Catalan perill (13th cent.), Spanish peligro (first half of the 13th cent.; also attested as †periglo), Italian †periglio (late 12th or early 13th cent.), pericolo (a1292).
1.
a. The position or condition of being imminently exposed to the chance of injury, loss, or destruction; risk, jeopardy, danger.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [noun]
plighteOE
hauhtc1200
peril?c1225
wothea1300
werea1325
jeopardyc1374
menacea1400
thronga1400
jeopardc1400
unplighta1425
dangering1488
danger1490
periclitation1527
trance1588
apperila1616
periclitancy1650
imperilment1843
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 146 Gastlich fondunge..mei beon for þe peril icleoped breost wunde.
c1300 St. James Great (Laud) 208 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 40 (MED) A foreward huy mauden newe Þat non ne scholde failli oþur in perile ne in neode.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2208 Of peril a se & eke a lond.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 24852 Þe mariners..war neuer in parel [v.r. perel] mar.
?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford Chron. (1940) 19830 (MED) Aiþer oste durand lang qwile ffightande was in fulgret perile.
a1500 (?a1410) J. Lydgate Churl & Bird (Lansd.) 183 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 476 (MED) Whoo dredith no perel, in perel he shal falle.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxxxiii. 257 He was neuer in his lyfe in suche perell.
1575 W. Baldwin et al. Last Pt. Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) Somerset xliv Constant I was in my Princes quarel, To dye or liue and spared for no parel.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. i. 221 The perill of our curses light on thee So heauy, as thou shalt not shake them off. View more context for this quotation
1637 J. Milton Comus 2 And here their tender age might suffer perill But that by qu[i]ck command from Soveraigne Iove I was dispatcht for their defence, and guard.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 549 We have, said he, perform'd your high Command; And pass'd with Peril a long Tract of Land.
1749 T. Smollett Regicide ii. viii. 28 Glory Is the fair Child of Peril.
1788 A. Hamilton Federalist Papers xv. 88 Do we owe debts to foreigners and to our own citizens contracted in a time of imminent peril, for the preservation of our political existence?
1832 W. Irving Alhambra II. 166 Having commanded at Malaga during a time of peril and confusion.
1870 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 VII. lxxii. 93 The friend who had ever been prompt in time of peril.
1920 E. Wharton Age of Innocence xi. 95 Mrs. Rushworth was..far more attracted by the secrecy and peril of the affair than by such charms and qualities as he possessed.
1952 A. Wilson Hemlock & After i. iii. 50 Peril, sudden and totally engulfing peril, always present a little beyond the perimeter.
2002 Mod. Maturity Feb. 10/2 Even in this moment of unexampled peril, history has some lessons..to offer.
b. With prepositional complement introduced by of.
(a) With a phrase expressing the evil outcome that is threatened (in quot. a1616: expressing a threatened penalty).
ΚΠ
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 9066 (MED) Þo stode Herui bi Bohort, Boþe in periil of mort.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 180 Þe men be free and nouȝt soget to lordeshepe of oþere naciouns and put hem to perill of deeþ by cause of freedome.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiv. 301 (MED) Þorw þe pas of altoun Pouerte myȝte passe with-oute peril of robbynge.
a1440 Bk. Palmistry (Digby Rolls 4) 26 (MED) Yf this lyne of the table entur be twen the shewer and the myddul fyngur, it tokenyth in a manne perile of deth of yron.
1553 J. Bale Vocacyon f. 5 I haue bene in parell of the sea, in parell of shipwrack, [etc.].
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. iii. 106 Wee..banish him our Citie In perill of precipitation From off the Rocke Tarpeian. View more context for this quotation
1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 59 in Sylva Such seeds..are in peril of being..over chill'd and frozen.
1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub Preface Wit has its Walks and Purlieus, out of which it may not stray the breadth of an Hair, upon peril of being lost.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. iv. xiii. 92 Her Horse..fell suddenly to prancing and capering, in such a Manner, that she was in the most eminent Peril of falling. View more context for this quotation
1841 I. D'Israeli Amenities Lit. III. 189 Philosophers were often in peril of being as imaginative as poets.
1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda III. vi. xlviii. 386 A vessel in peril of wreck.
1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love xxx. 515 She had a strange, tense, exhilarated sickness in her body, as one who is in peril of falling from a great height.
1994 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 24 Mar. 41/4 To sense that Castroism is in peril of dying is not to surmise that Fidel Castro does not remain a symbol vividly alive.
(b) With a phrase expressing that which is exposed to danger, esp. one's life.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) 1 Paralip. xi. 19 In perele of þer lijues þei broȝten to me watir, & for þis cause he wolde not drynke.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 161 (MED) In grete perille of saule es that man Þat has witt and mynde and na gude can.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 1740 (MED) In perill of þair lyues þai stode.
a1500 ( Vision E. Leversedge in Notes & Queries Somerset & Dorset (1905) 9 34 (MED) Thou prowd man that hast arayd the lyke the deuyll of hell, remember the perell of my saule and put a way thi aray.
1558 Inventory Munim. Earl of Crawford 12 Mar. II. 78 Quhairthrow that we may nocht trawell for the perrell of our life.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. ii. 158 To be in perrill of my life with the edge of a featherbed. View more context for this quotation
1682 Fortunatus xxii. 54 He went through many Desarts full of wild Beasts, which put him oft in peril of his life.
1769 W. Buchan Domest. Med. ii. 277 If she continues to suckle the child, it is at the peril of her own life.
1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ in Wks. (1825) III. 174 He acquitted himself of this commission at the peril of his life.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge ii. 245 You were never in such peril of your life as you have been within these few moments.
1872 ‘M. Twain’ Sketches New & Old 119 That awful five days' journey, through alkali, sagebrush, peril of body.
1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xxvi. 272 I will tell you more, that though I am indeed, by a dreadful error, in some peril of my life, King George has no truer friend in all Scotland than myself.
1905 Baroness Orczy Scarlet Pimpernel xii. 120 She had forgotten..everything save that Armand stood in peril of his life.
1907–17 Catholic Encyclopedia at Scapular The often miraculous protection which Mary..granted to various members of the Scapular Confraternity in great perils of soul and body.
1993 R. Goddard Hand in Glove (BNC) 400 Anybody linked with the Republican cause would be in peril of their life under the Fascists.
†(c) With a phrase expressing the cause of the danger. Obsolete. without the peril of: (in quot. 1600) beyond the reach or power of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > perfectly safe [phrase] > beyond danger of something
out of gunshot1556
lash1577
without the peril of1600
c1450 (?c1400) Three Kings Cologne (Cambr. Ee.4.32) (1886) 157 (MED) Saue hem..from all peryles of wormys and of oþir wylde beestys.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde ii. vi. 76 Kynge Alysaundre..eschewed the parell and daunger of thise olyfauntes.
1576 A. Fleming tr. C. Hegendorphinus in Panoplie Epist. 385 You are in peril of Pyrates and Rouers to spoyle you.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iv. i. 152 To be gon from Athens: where we might Without the perill of the Athenian lawe. View more context for this quotation
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 5 The..ship-boyes were in perill of those Sharkes.
†c. With infinitive. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xx. 66 He perceyuede by his pous he was in peril to deye.
c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 1277 There as he was in peril for to sterve [v.rr. in paril for to sterue; like to haue ben stervyd] For hunger.
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) lii. 201 He was in pereyll to lose hym selfe and all his ooste.
1586 R. Maitland in W. A. Craigie Maitland Quarto MS (1920) xliv. 94 Put not thy self in perrell for to peres.
1602 E. Hayes in J. Brereton Briefe Relation Discouerie Virginia 22 We shalbe in perill to haue our ships ouerwhelmed or crusht in pieces by hideous and fearefull mountains of yce.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) Induct. ii. 119 In perill to incurre your former malady. View more context for this quotation
1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 187v Ietsam is when a Ship is in perill to be drowned, and to disburden the Ship the Mariners cast the goods into the sea.
2.
a. As a count noun: a case or cause of danger; something dangerous or harmful. In plural: dangers, risks. †at all perils: at whatever risk, whatever the consequences may be (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [noun] > instance or cause of
stone-rochec1200
perilc1300
doubta1400
Charybdisc1400
rocka1475
hazard1524
dangera1538
shelve1582
reef1841
kettle-de-benders1872
ankle-breaker1899
danger-spot1905
banana skin1907
the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [phrase] > determination regardless of consequences
at all perilsc1300
sinka1393
sink or swimc1410
neck or nothing1673
coûte que coûte1715
at all costs1810
Sydney or the bush1924
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > there is danger in a course of action [phrase] > risk of consequences of action > at the risk of
at all perilsc1300
at (also in, to, with) the hazard ofa1547
c1300 St. Brendan (Harl.) 245 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 226 (MED) Þe wynd hem harlede vp & doun in peryls meni on.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Cor. xi. 26 In perelis of flodis, in perels of theues, in perelis of kyn, in perels of hethen men [etc.].
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 85 (MED) At alle peryles..I aproche hit no nerre.
c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan Epist. of Othea (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 44 Knyghtes, the which gooth often many viages on the see or in othire dyuerse perelles.
a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 95 (MED) The knyght..boldely Putte hym vp be-twen two Perelis: on oone halue, the wode rynnynge watyr so grymly; on the othyr syde, his enemys.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xvv To auenture themselfes on a newe chance and a doubtfull parell.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 181 And we in a Partheniade written of her Maiestie, declaring to what perils vertue is generally subiect, and applying that fortune to her selfe, closed it vp with this Epiphoneme.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Mm2v Any inuasion made by enemies, or such like perill.
a1634 A. Gardyne Theatre Scotish Worthies (1878) xii. 16 David..went..to the Sacred Warrs, where, after great renoun and worshipe, [he] woun innumerable perrills with great patience.
1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. xviii. 363 A thousand others who cast themselves upon incredible perils.
1691 in Further Evid. Nairne Peerage (1874) 141 in Sessional Papers House of Lords (H.L. D) XII. 199 And all others perills burdens dangers and inconveniences..which may anywayes stop trouble or prejudge them in the peaceable possession thereof.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 181 Scarce one in a thousand survives the numerous perils of its youth.
1841 T. B. Macaulay Warren Hastings in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 179 Their chiefs, when united by a common peril, could bring eighty thousand men into the field.
1884 Manch. Examiner 3 May 5/1 The certain perils of such an alliance.
1919 P. G. Wodehouse Their Mutual Child ii. ii. 157 He seemed to himself like a man gazing down an unknown path full of unknown perils.
1950 Foreign Affairs 28 356 Exposing them again to the perils of a life solitary, brutish, nasty, and short.
2002 Economist 6 July (Global Environment Survey section) 7/3 The colder parts of the world may benefit from warming, but they too face perils.
b. peril of the sea n. Insurance any one of a group of risks insured against in standard marine insurance policies (see quots. 1872, 1981).
ΚΠ
1808 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius II. xxiv. 848 It is the province of the jury to determine whether the cause of the loss be a peril of the sea or not.
1872 Wharton's Law Lexicon (ed. 5) (at cited word) Perils of the sea..are strictly the natural accidents peculiar to the water, but the law has extended this phrase to comprehend events not attributable to natural causes, as captures by pirates, and losses by collision, where no blame is attachable to either ship, or at all events to the injured ship.
1887 Appeal Case Rep. 12 509 It is beyond question that if a vessel strikes upon a sunken rock in fair weather and sinks, this is a loss by perils of the sea.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 304/2 Should loss or damage occur during the voyage, though the direct cause of such loss or damage be perils of the seas..still the shipowner cannot claim exemption.
1981 M. J. Mustill & J. C. B. Gilman Arnould's Law Marine Insurance & Average 652 Much difficulty has been felt in defining the expression ‘perils of the sea’. The words obviously embrace all kinds of marine casualties, such as shipwreck, foundering, stranding, etc.; as also every species of damage done to the ship or goods at sea by the immediate action of the winds and waves, as distinct from that included in the ordinary wear and tear of the voyage [etc.].
1994 A. L. Parks & E. V. Cattell Law of Tug, Tow & Pilotage 64 The court held that storms of such severity were not unusual for Lake Erie in November and that the loss was not occasioned by a peril of the sea.
c. Frequently derogatory. With modifying word: a threat perceived as emanating from a particular group, race, or country.yellow peril: see yellow adj. 4a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > threat or threatening > [noun]
threatc1000
threating1046
threateningc1290
menacec1300
menacingc1385
shore1487
interminationa1530
minacitya1538
shoring1573
menacement1606
minacy1645
peril1892
Mau Mau1970
mau-mauing1970
1892 Polit. Sci. Q. 7 728 The vigor, self-denial, ability and courage with which those colonists..fought for their deliverance from the French peril.
1904 Collier's 7 May 5/1 Japan is now applying to the white peril a similar line of argument.
1920 Edinb. Rev. July 33 The Government of Styria, which..is particularly sensitive to the ‘Bolshevist Peril’.
1946 P. Bottome Lifeline xxvii. 214 If there were not the Nazi system there would be the Red Peril! A thousand times rather Hitler..than..the Common Man's Universe.
1994 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 20 Oct. 34/1 Many ANC officials blamed the National Party's election campaign, which featured its traditional theme of the black peril (swartgevaar).
3. A matter of danger; a dangerous matter. Now only in it is peril: it is dangerous (to do something). Now archaic and rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > there is danger in a course of action [phrase]
it is perilc1325
wad1524
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 6786 (MED) Gret peril it was, Vor þer miȝte come to al þe lond gret wo uor such cas.
c1395 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 89 Peril is bothe fyr and tow tassemble.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 123 It es grete peril to pursue þe Tartarenes.
?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 60 Whedir it were perell to do her counsaile or not.
a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 2065 (MED) It is perile and not goode Moche or ofte to taste of that foode.
c1540 Pilgrim's Tale 164 in F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) App. i. 81 You know what perrele it is together, To ley hyrdis fast vnto the fyer.
1586 R. Maitland in W. A. Craigie Maitland Quarto MS (1920) xiii. 26 Greit perrell is for to pas our the ferrie Into ane lekand bot.
1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xxx I helped to hang my neighbours for that it were peril to my own life to show lack of zeal.
1960 J. Carswell South Sea Bubble i. 19 He produced the ‘fine print’ which it is peril to leave unread.
†4. Scots Law. Responsibility for loss of or damage to goods bought or borrowed. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1455 Regiam Majestatem c. 117 Of the perel of thing bocht & saulde [L. De periculo rei empte].
c1600 in Balfour's Practicks (1754) 210 Gif..ony thing that is bocht and sauld..be tint [etc.]..the peril and skaith thairof..redoundis to him that is possessour.
1681 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. i. x. §18 128 The whole peril of the thing lent, after delivery, is the borrowers et ejus est periculum cujus est dominum.
†5. Bad luck, inauspiciousness; an instance of this. days of perils: unlucky or inauspicious days. Cf. perilous adj. 3. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > fact of being inauspicious
perila1500
inauspiciousness1652
a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 78 (MED) Þer ben 7 hevens, 7 planetes..daies of perilles 7.
?a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 64 In þe monþ of Iune..at þe 7 day ys of grete perile blud for to lete.
?a1500 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Ld. Montagu of Beaulieu (1900) 1 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 283) XLV. 685 There buthe xxviij daies in the yere..in wiche zif eny mann bygynnethe eney jorney, hit ys happylich zif he evere cometh azen... The daies of these perilis buthe marked in the monthes aforwrite.

Phrases

†P1. by (also on, at, up) (the) peril of my soul = upon my peril at Phrases 2. Obsolete (archaic in later use.)
ΚΠ
c1390 G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale 4134 Vp peril of my soule and of my lif, I conseille yow the beste.
c1395 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 2371 Up peril of my soule, I shal nat lyen.
c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. vii. 156 (MED) ‘Now, be þe peril of my soule!’ quaþ peris, ‘I shal appeire ȝow alle.’
1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Cock & Fox in Fables 229 Two Soveraign Herbs..On peril of my Soul shall rid you wholly Of yellow Choler.
1813 R. Cumberland False Demetrius iii. 376 At peril of my soul, I do avouch, You are my son.
1832 E. Bulwer-Lytton Eugene Aram III. v. vi. 225 Before God, and at peril of my soul, I am innocent of this deed.
†P2. upon (also on) my peril: at the risk of losing my soul, life, etc. (Used in oaths, promises, etc.) Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > (originally) referring to one's soul or salvation
so God (also Christ) save mea1393
upon (also on) my perilc1395
by the way of my soul1397
c1395 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 561 Thise wormes ne thise moththes ne thise mytes, Vpon my peril [v.r. feith], frete hem neuere a del.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 2520 On my perell,..he passes all othire.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 126 Yee, hardely, lady, on my perell ye shall se hit.
1568 Newe Comedie Iacob & Esau i. iii. sig. B.jv Thou shalt do no wrong sonne Iacob, on my perill.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iv. i. 25 Ile beare thy blame, And take thy office from thee on my perill. View more context for this quotation
a1627 T. Middleton et al. Widdow (1652) ii. ii. 24 Give him his liberty Officers, Upon my perill, he shalbe forth comming.
1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) i. ii. 32 That I speak the truth, My peril be the proof.]
P3. at one's (own) peril: at one's own risk; taking the risk of or responsibility for the consequences of an action. Formerly also †on one's peril, †to one's peril.Used esp. in commands or warnings, indicating that injury or other adverse consequences may follow from disregard or disobedience.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > there is danger in a course of action [phrase] > risk of consequences of action
at one's (own) peril1433
1433 Rolls of Parl. IV. 477/1 Such as they woll answere fore atte here perille.
?1467 Writ in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 209 Ye wol aunsewer vnto vs at your parilie.
1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxiv. 200 He sente hastely that they shold not fyght, and yf they dyd that they shold stonde to hir owne perylle.
1568 (a1500) Freiris Berwik 517 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 276 Gif thow dois not on thy awin perrel beid [= be it].
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 176 Disparage not the faith, thou dost not know; Least to thy perill, thou aby it deare. View more context for this quotation
1664 in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 541 As they will answer the contrary at their perils.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 260 We..bid them keep off at their Peril.
c1790 in M. R. James Eton & King's (1926) 103 The junior or Nib of each chamber must keep the door shut all canon hours on his peril.
1832 H. Martineau Hill & Valley iii. 46 Shew yourselves at your peril.
1881 R. Buchanan God & Man I. 141 ‘I must do my master's bidding.’ ‘At your peril! I have but to give the word, and they would duck you in the horsepond.’
1918 N.Y. Times 12 Feb. 1/5 It is an imperative principle of action, which statesmen will henceforth ignore at their peril.
1957 W. R. Geddes Nine Dayak Nights (1961) 30 Everyone is welcome to use them at their peril.
1992 D. Morgan Rising in West i. i. 10 The outlaws controlled the back country and sheriffs entered at their peril.

Compounds

C1.
† peril-daring adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1807 J. Montgomery W. Indies ii. 141 The valiant seized in peril-daring fight.
† peril-proof adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1605 J. Sylvester tr. Fathers in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. 501 A broad thicke Brest-plate..High Perrill-proofe against affliction.
C2.
peril point n. U.S. Economics the lowest level of import duty which may be levied on a particular commodity without adversely affecting domestic production.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > [noun] > on imported goods > type of > maximum cut in
peril point1947
1947 N.Y. Times 20 Nov. 3/1 Senator Eugene D. Millikin..suggested that Congress might write into the extension bill a provision preventing the State Department from lowering any tariff below a ‘peril point’ to be set by the Tariff Commission.
1993 Foreign Affairs (Nexis) Sept.–Oct. 187 Congress wrote into law the peril point—which placed on the Tariff Commission the extraordinary task of determining to the percentage point the ‘safe’ level of tariff reductions, product by product.

Derivatives

† peril-less adj. Obsolete free from peril, safe.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > [adjective] > safe or not dangerous > safe or free from risk
sure?1473
safe?1545
dangerless?1555
canny1592
peril-lessa1618
secure1617
unperilous1621
unhazardous1683
riskless1822
no-risk1932
a1618 J. Sylvester tr. Little Bartas in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Diuine Weekes & Wks. (1621) 771 In their Chamber (pain-less, peril-less).
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

perilv.

Brit. /ˈpɛrᵻl/, /ˈpɛrl̩/, U.S. /ˈpɛrəl/
Inflections: Present participle perilling, (chiefly U.S.) periling; past tense and past participle perilled, (chiefly U.S.) periled;
Forms: see peril n.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: peril n.
Etymology: < peril n. With sense 1 compare later imperil v.
1. transitive. To expose to danger; to risk, hazard; = imperil v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > endanger [verb (transitive)]
plightOE
imperil?a1425
danger1488
endanger1509
enjeopard1523
peril1556
periclitate1623
jeopardize1646
1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie xxxiv. sig. Riiv The spiders palesse is depely perisshed, And the flies person deadly perilled.
1586 King James VI in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 19 It micht perrell my reputation amongst my subjectis.
c1600 in G. Stevenson Poems A. Montgomerie (1910) xxvi. 12 Quhilk..wald thow suld nocht perrell libertie.
1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (Rev. i. 5) Jonathan perilled his life..for love of David.
1832 H. Martineau For Each & All iii. 34 The world would be perilled by their coming together.
1891 O. Wilde Picture of Dorian Gray xiv. 251 Do you think I am going to peril my reputation for you?
1927 J. Buchan Witch Wood v. 90 Were they with Leven again under the Covenant's banner, or were they perilling their souls with the malignants?
1987 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 16 Apr. i. 5/1 (headline) Gandhi accuses foes of periling defense, assails U.S.
1997 Scotsman (Nexis) 27 Aug. 8 It is open to a pursuer..to aver that the accident was caused by one or more of a number of factors, but not perilling his case upon one factor in particular.
†2. intransitive. To be in danger. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > face danger [verb (intransitive)] > be in danger
to be in the wolf's mouth1338
perila1612
a1612 W. Fowler Tarantula of Love in Wks. (1914) I. 152 I tak for glore To perrish and to perrell by your hewe.
1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 53 To start back, and glob it self upward from..any soile wherewith it may peril to stain it self.
1647 J. Trapp Comm. Evangelists & Acts (Matt. xiv. 23) Whilst the disciples were perilling, and well-nigh perishing, Christ was praying for them.
†3. transitive. To attempt, dare (something). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)] > something risky
afondc1300
assailc1300
adventurea1387
to venture on (also upon1557
venture1559
venture1598
peril1849
1849 W. E. Aytoun Edinb. after Flodden x in Lays Sc. Cavaliers 18 Thou hast done a deed of daring Had been perilled but by few.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.?c1225v.1556
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