per fas et nefasadv.

Brit.

/pəː ˌfɑːs ɛt ˈneɪfɑːs/, U.S.

/pər ˌfɑs ɛt ˈneɪˌfɑs/

Forms: 1600s– per fas aut nefas, 1600s– per fas et nefas.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin per fas et nefas.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin per fas et nefas by right or wrong (late 3rd or 4th cent.) < classical Latin per per prep. + fās that which is right (see nefarious adj.) + et and + nefās offence against divine or moral law (see nefarious adj.). Compare classical Latin per..fās ac nefās, per..fāsque nefāsque.In form per fas aut nefas incorporating classical Latin aut or (see ossia conj.).

By right or wrong; by fair or unfair means; by any means (good or bad).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > by the instrumentality of [phrase] > by any means

by hook or (also and) by crookc1380

in any casea1398

by some manner of means1580

at any rate1601

per fas et nefas1602

somehow or another1664

somehow or other1664

at all rates1667

1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 96 (margin) To maintaine their reputation, per fas aut nefas they care not how.

1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr viii. 245 In Capitall matters, saies your great Syndicator, it is lawfull to redeeme the life, per fas & nefas.

1683 Dutch Rogue 45 He resolves..to accumulate moneys got per fas, aut nefas, by hook or crook.

1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xliv. 153 Likely enough to be resisted, per fas et nefas.

1796 R. Bage Hermsprong III. xv. 131 ‘But..your lordship shall be rid of him by some means.’ ‘By any means... Per fas et nefas.’

1844 J. W. Croker Ess. from Rev. (1857) vii. 433 With licence to pursue by every kind of means—per fas et nefas.

1874 A. Trollope Lady Anna I. i. 11 Had they have said of her that it had become her one religion to assert her daughter's right,—per fas aut nefas..then the truth would have been spoken.

1910 M. Ostrogorski Democracy & Party Syst. in U.S. iv. 57 The whites..had..succeeded per fas et nefas in dislodging the Republicans in the South.

1945 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 35 148 The bait of a comfortable land-allotment after discharge would satisfactorily explain their readiness to follow their generals per fas aut nefas.

2000 N.Y. Observer (Nexis) 11 Dec. (Politics & Opinions section) The Gore post-presidential grasping for the Presidency is the destructive work of a man who will have the office per fas et nefas, by fair means or foul.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	per fas et nefas
释义	per fas et nefasadv. Brit. /pəː ˌfɑːs ɛt ˈneɪfɑːs/, U.S. /pər ˌfɑs ɛt ˈneɪˌfɑs/ Forms: 1600s– per fas aut nefas, 1600s– per fas et nefas. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin per fas et nefas. Etymology: < post-classical Latin per fas et nefas by right or wrong (late 3rd or 4th cent.) < classical Latin per per prep. + fās that which is right (see nefarious adj.) + et and + nefās offence against divine or moral law (see nefarious adj.). Compare classical Latin per..fās ac nefās, per..fāsque nefāsque.In form per fas aut nefas incorporating classical Latin aut or (see ossia conj.). By right or wrong; by fair or unfair means; by any means (good or bad). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > by the instrumentality of [phrase] > by any means by hook or (also and) by crookc1380 in any casea1398 by some manner of means1580 at any rate1601 per fas et nefas1602 somehow or another1664 somehow or other1664 at all rates1667 1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 96 (margin) To maintaine their reputation, per fas aut nefas they care not how. 1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr viii. 245 In Capitall matters, saies your great Syndicator, it is lawfull to redeeme the life, per fas & nefas. 1683 Dutch Rogue 45 He resolves..to accumulate moneys got per fas, aut nefas, by hook or crook. 1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xliv. 153 Likely enough to be resisted, per fas et nefas. 1796 R. Bage Hermsprong III. xv. 131 ‘But..your lordship shall be rid of him by some means.’ ‘By any means... Per fas et nefas.’ 1844 J. W. Croker Ess. from Rev. (1857) vii. 433 With licence to pursue by every kind of means—per fas et nefas. 1874 A. Trollope Lady Anna I. i. 11 Had they have said of her that it had become her one religion to assert her daughter's right,—per fas aut nefas..then the truth would have been spoken. 1910 M. Ostrogorski Democracy & Party Syst. in U.S. iv. 57 The whites..had..succeeded per fas et nefas in dislodging the Republicans in the South. 1945 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 35 148 The bait of a comfortable land-allotment after discharge would satisfactorily explain their readiness to follow their generals per fas aut nefas. 2000 N.Y. Observer (Nexis) 11 Dec. (Politics & Opinions section) The Gore post-presidential grasping for the Presidency is the destructive work of a man who will have the office per fas et nefas, by fair means or foul. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.1602
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