pendulousadj.

Brit.

/ˈpɛndjᵿləs/,

/ˈpɛndʒᵿləs/, U.S.

/ˈpɛndʒələs/,

/ˈpɛndjələs/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin pendulus , -ous suffix.

Etymology: < classical Latin pendulus suspended, floating in the air, hanging down, sagging, wavering, dependent ( < pendēre to hang (see pend v.³) + -ulus -ulus suffix; compare Italian pendulo (second quarter of the 14th cent.)) + -ous suffix. Compare post-classical Latin pendulosus (c1150).

†a. Hanging or floating in the air or in space. Also figurative and in extended use. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > high position > overhanging > [adjective]

hangingc1330

pendentc1425

beetled1509

bending1567

prependent1592

propendent1593

overwhelming1599

pendulous1608

impendent1611

incumbent1719

imminent1727

impending1730

beetling1744

pensilec1750

pending1756

superincumbent1785

shelvy1811

overbrowing1814

propensive1819

oversailing1833

beetle-browed1842

overhung1845

overhanging1860

overleaning1865

overreaching1890

cantilevered1910

the world > space > relative position > support > absence of support > [adjective] > held up without support > in the air

poising?1473

pendentc1600

pensile1605

pendulous1608

hovering1630

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xi. 60 All the plagues that in the pendulous ayre Hang fated ore mens faults.

1638 D. Featley Transubstant. Exploded 9 And you..he hath placed in a pendulous Bishopricke adjoyning to Mausolus his sepulcher in the ayre.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. iii. 72 The like doth Beda report of Bellerophons horse which framed of iron and placed betweene two Loadstones with winges expansed, hung pendulous in the ayre.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 1000 Wherein all things created first he weighd, The pendulous round Earth with ballanc't Aire In counterpoise.

1696 W. Whiston Disc. conc. Mosaick Hist. Creation 19 in New Theory of Earth Globes of Fire and Light pendulous in our Air.

1831 E. A. Poe Doomed City in Poems (ed. 2) 51 So blend the turrets and shadows there That all seem pendulous in air.

b. Hanging down, pendent; esp. drooping, sagging. Frequently in Botany and Zoology, e.g. of the ovules, flowers, etc., of plants, and the nests of certain birds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > [adjective] > hanging down

pendent?a1300

dependentc1420

pendular1596

pensile1604

propending1642

pendulent1650

pendilatory1653

pendulous1656

depending1735

pendulant1804

hang-down1906

1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 218 Gorgareon is a pendulous kernel.

1695 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. III. v. 242 This..was no Ear-ring, but a Pendulous Jewel upon her Face.

1796 W. H. Marshall Planting II. 343 Pendulous-fruited Rose grows only to about five or six feet high, sending forth several hispid branches.

1834 T. Pringle Afr. Sketches vi. 204 On the few straggling trees..appeared the pendulous nests of the loxia and weaver-bird.

1859 W. S. Coleman Our Woodlands 28 Some varieties have the branches quite pendulous, like the weeping willow.

1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. vi. §8 277 Ovules are..pendulous, when more or less hanging or declining from the side of the cell.

1927 Science 2 Dec. (Suppl.) p. xiv/2 The female Baltimore orioles build the long pendulous nests quite unassisted.

1990 Garden (Royal Hort. Soc.) June 299/2 Pendulous, bell-shaped purple flowers are produced on 30 cm..stems.

c. Supported or poised so as to project or overhang; suspended overhead; overhanging.

ΚΠ

1662 Birth of Merlin v. i. G iij I will erect a Monument upon the verdant Plains of Salisbury..with pendulous stones that I will hang by art.

1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 266 The pendulous gardens of Alcinous.

c1705 G. Berkeley Descr. Cave of Dunmore in Wks. (1871) IV. 510 A third [cave]..stopped up by the fall of such pendulous rocks as are above mentioned.

1740 W. Stukeley Stonehenge ii. 8 Pendulous rocks are now called henges in Yorkshire.

1988 R. Rendell Master of Moor (BNC) 66 A cleft into the foot of the mountain under a pendulous lip of stone.

d. Of a part of the body: tending to droop heavily, lacking firmness; flabby, sagging, flaccid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily substance > flesh > [adjective] > flabby

flaggya1565

flappy1598

quaggy1611

flaccid1620

quagginga1627

pendulous1822

slummocky?1861

1782–3 W. F. Martyn Geogr. Mag. 1 232 Ears long, broad and pendulous.

1822 T. Taylor tr. Apuleius vii. 145 Though I vibrated my pendulous lips with excessive rotundity.

1911 R. Brooke Poems 72 And all the while, in perfect time, His pendulous stomach hangs a-shaking.

1980 F. Weldon Puffball 123 She thought..that afterwards her body would be spoiled; she would have pendulous breasts and a flabby belly.

2003 Buffalo (N.Y.) News (Nexis) 11 Dec. d1 Bauerle..goes on and on..about how he once had pendulous this and jiggly that. It ends happily, with his losing a ton of weight.

†2. figurative.

a. Hanging in suspense; wavering between two opinions, purposes, or tendencies; vacillating, undecided, doubtful, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > state of uncertainty, suspense > [adjective] > considering options

pendulous1624

twi-minded1883

1624 Bp. F. White Replie to Iesuit Fishers Answere 572 The third [opinion] is pendulous, with shew of Limitation, and Mitigation.

1677 R. Cary Palæologia Chronica ii. ii. iii. xi. 245 He farther shews how Various and Pendulous Eusebius is, in making forth his Reckonings.

1779 S. Johnson Let. 4 Oct. (1992) III. 184 In this doubtful pendulous state of the distemper, advice may do much.

1850 E. B. Browning Sonnets from Portuguese xxxvi, in Poems (new ed.) II. 473 A love set pendulous between Sorrow and sorrow.

b. Dependent, contingent, or conditional on or upon something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [adjective] > dependent or contingent > on something

contingent1613

pendulous1655

incidental upon1851

1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 60 They are not souldered by any magnetique of Love, but..pendulous upon the variety and mutation of affaires.

1692 Covt. Grace Conditional 2 Arminians maintain Conditions, so as if the Efficacy of Christ's Death were pendulous thereon.

3. Resembling or imitative of the movement of a pendulum; swinging from side to side; = pendular adj.²

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > [adjective] > swinging

swinginga1560

pendulous1706

1706 W. Jones Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos 288 The Velocities of a Pendulous Body..describing different Arcs.

1728 H. Pemberton View Sir I. Newton's Philos. 87 The greater the arch the pendulous body moves through, the greater time it takes up.

1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. iv. 265 In walking there is a pendulous swing of the leg.

1879 G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone (new ed.) 99 [If] the plate has a simple pendulous motion.

1979 Adv. Astronaut. Sci. 39 421 The relatively high frequencies exhibited by short tether pendulous motions and by tethered satellite rotations might make passive damping techniques practicable.

2000 Florida Today 10 Jan. 1 A horse processes food by grinding its jaw from side to side. The pendulous motion causes the back teeth, or molars, to reduce grain and oats to digestible mush.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pendulous
释义	pendulousadj. Brit. /ˈpɛndjᵿləs/, /ˈpɛndʒᵿləs/, U.S. /ˈpɛndʒələs/, /ˈpɛndjələs/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin pendulus , -ous suffix. Etymology: < classical Latin pendulus suspended, floating in the air, hanging down, sagging, wavering, dependent ( < pendēre to hang (see pend v.³) + -ulus -ulus suffix; compare Italian pendulo (second quarter of the 14th cent.)) + -ous suffix. Compare post-classical Latin pendulosus (c1150). 1. †a. Hanging or floating in the air or in space. Also figurative and in extended use. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > high position > overhanging > [adjective] hangingc1330 pendentc1425 beetled1509 bending1567 prependent1592 propendent1593 overwhelming1599 pendulous1608 impendent1611 incumbent1719 imminent1727 impending1730 beetling1744 pensilec1750 pending1756 superincumbent1785 shelvy1811 overbrowing1814 propensive1819 oversailing1833 beetle-browed1842 overhung1845 overhanging1860 overleaning1865 overreaching1890 cantilevered1910 the world > space > relative position > support > absence of support > [adjective] > held up without support > in the air poising?1473 pendentc1600 pensile1605 pendulous1608 hovering1630 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xi. 60 All the plagues that in the pendulous ayre Hang fated ore mens faults. View more context for this quotation 1638 D. Featley Transubstant. Exploded 9 And you..he hath placed in a pendulous Bishopricke adjoyning to Mausolus his sepulcher in the ayre. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. iii. 72 The like doth Beda report of Bellerophons horse which framed of iron and placed betweene two Loadstones with winges expansed, hung pendulous in the ayre. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 1000 Wherein all things created first he weighd, The pendulous round Earth with ballanc't Aire In counterpoise. View more context for this quotation 1696 W. Whiston Disc. conc. Mosaick Hist. Creation 19 in New Theory of Earth Globes of Fire and Light pendulous in our Air. 1831 E. A. Poe Doomed City in Poems (ed. 2) 51 So blend the turrets and shadows there That all seem pendulous in air. b. Hanging down, pendent; esp. drooping, sagging. Frequently in Botany and Zoology, e.g. of the ovules, flowers, etc., of plants, and the nests of certain birds. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > [adjective] > hanging down pendent?a1300 dependentc1420 pendular1596 pensile1604 propending1642 pendulent1650 pendilatory1653 pendulous1656 depending1735 pendulant1804 hang-down1906 1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 218 Gorgareon is a pendulous kernel. 1695 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. III. v. 242 This..was no Ear-ring, but a Pendulous Jewel upon her Face. 1796 W. H. Marshall Planting II. 343 Pendulous-fruited Rose grows only to about five or six feet high, sending forth several hispid branches. 1834 T. Pringle Afr. Sketches vi. 204 On the few straggling trees..appeared the pendulous nests of the loxia and weaver-bird. 1859 W. S. Coleman Our Woodlands 28 Some varieties have the branches quite pendulous, like the weeping willow. 1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. vi. §8 277 Ovules are..pendulous, when more or less hanging or declining from the side of the cell. 1927 Science 2 Dec. (Suppl.) p. xiv/2 The female Baltimore orioles build the long pendulous nests quite unassisted. 1990 Garden (Royal Hort. Soc.) June 299/2 Pendulous, bell-shaped purple flowers are produced on 30 cm..stems. c. Supported or poised so as to project or overhang; suspended overhead; overhanging. ΚΠ 1662 Birth of Merlin v. i. G iij I will erect a Monument upon the verdant Plains of Salisbury..with pendulous stones that I will hang by art. 1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 266 The pendulous gardens of Alcinous. c1705 G. Berkeley Descr. Cave of Dunmore in Wks. (1871) IV. 510 A third [cave]..stopped up by the fall of such pendulous rocks as are above mentioned. 1740 W. Stukeley Stonehenge ii. 8 Pendulous rocks are now called henges in Yorkshire. 1988 R. Rendell Master of Moor (BNC) 66 A cleft into the foot of the mountain under a pendulous lip of stone. d. Of a part of the body: tending to droop heavily, lacking firmness; flabby, sagging, flaccid. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily substance > flesh > [adjective] > flabby flaggya1565 flappy1598 quaggy1611 flaccid1620 quagginga1627 pendulous1822 slummocky?1861 1782–3 W. F. Martyn Geogr. Mag. 1 232 Ears long, broad and pendulous. 1822 T. Taylor tr. Apuleius vii. 145 Though I vibrated my pendulous lips with excessive rotundity. 1911 R. Brooke Poems 72 And all the while, in perfect time, His pendulous stomach hangs a-shaking. 1980 F. Weldon Puffball 123 She thought..that afterwards her body would be spoiled; she would have pendulous breasts and a flabby belly. 2003 Buffalo (N.Y.) News (Nexis) 11 Dec. d1 Bauerle..goes on and on..about how he once had pendulous this and jiggly that. It ends happily, with his losing a ton of weight. †2. figurative. a. Hanging in suspense; wavering between two opinions, purposes, or tendencies; vacillating, undecided, doubtful, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > state of uncertainty, suspense > [adjective] > considering options pendulous1624 twi-minded1883 1624 Bp. F. White Replie to Iesuit Fishers Answere 572 The third [opinion] is pendulous, with shew of Limitation, and Mitigation. 1677 R. Cary Palæologia Chronica ii. ii. iii. xi. 245 He farther shews how Various and Pendulous Eusebius is, in making forth his Reckonings. 1779 S. Johnson Let. 4 Oct. (1992) III. 184 In this doubtful pendulous state of the distemper, advice may do much. 1850 E. B. Browning Sonnets from Portuguese xxxvi, in Poems (new ed.) II. 473 A love set pendulous between Sorrow and sorrow. b. Dependent, contingent, or conditional on or upon something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [adjective] > dependent or contingent > on something contingent1613 pendulous1655 incidental upon1851 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 60 They are not souldered by any magnetique of Love, but..pendulous upon the variety and mutation of affaires. 1692 Covt. Grace Conditional 2 Arminians maintain Conditions, so as if the Efficacy of Christ's Death were pendulous thereon. 3. Resembling or imitative of the movement of a pendulum; swinging from side to side; = pendular adj.² ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > [adjective] > swinging swinginga1560 pendulous1706 1706 W. Jones Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos 288 The Velocities of a Pendulous Body..describing different Arcs. 1728 H. Pemberton View Sir I. Newton's Philos. 87 The greater the arch the pendulous body moves through, the greater time it takes up. 1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. iv. 265 In walking there is a pendulous swing of the leg. 1879 G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone (new ed.) 99 [If] the plate has a simple pendulous motion. 1979 Adv. Astronaut. Sci. 39 421 The relatively high frequencies exhibited by short tether pendulous motions and by tethered satellite rotations might make passive damping techniques practicable. 2000 Florida Today 10 Jan. 1 A horse processes food by grinding its jaw from side to side. The pendulous motion causes the back teeth, or molars, to reduce grain and oats to digestible mush. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1608
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