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单词 pending
释义

pendingn.

Forms: late Middle English pendyng (northern); Scottish pre-1700 pendin, pre-1700 pending.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pend v.4, -ing suffix1.
Etymology: < pend v.4 + -ing suffix1.
Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete.
The action of pend v.4; (concrete) the stonework forming an arch or vault, arch-work.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun]
arch1387
pend1454
pending1491
arcade1762
1491 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 181 Item, to the massonis of the Palis..for the pendin of thre voutis.
1497 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 342 Item,..giffin to Wat Merlioune, for his task of Dunbar, that is the pending of the hall, bigging of Hannis toure [etc.].
1530 in H. M. Paton Accts. Masters of Wks. (1957) I. 33 For dowelling of the pending of the greit windois abone the woltis.
1693 in A. W. C. Hallen Acct. Bk. Sir J. Foulis (1894) 155 For making a kitchin chimney..the pending, mason and wrightwork.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

pendingadj.2

Brit. /ˈpɛndɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpɛndɪŋ/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: pend v.3, -ing suffix2.
Etymology: < pend v.3 + -ing suffix2.
1. Hanging; overhanging. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > high position > overhanging > [adjective]
hangingc1330
pendentc1425
beetled1509
bending1567
prependent1592
propendent1593
overwhelming1599
pendulous1608
impendent1611
incumbent1719
imminent1727
impending1730
beetling1744
pensilec1750
pending1756
superincumbent1785
shelvy1811
overbrowing1814
propensive1819
oversailing1833
beetle-browed1842
overhung1845
overhanging1860
overleaning1865
overreaching1890
cantilevered1910
1756 T. Amory Life John Buncle I. 207 The pending rocks in view inclosed a space of four acres.
1860 Earl Dundonald Autobiogr. Seaman i. 267 Lieutenant Hore of the marines took possession of the castle, which, by means of powder, is now levelled with the ground, and the pending rocks are blown down into the road.
2. Impending, imminent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adjective] > imminent, near, or at hand
towardc890
comingOE
at handc1175
hendc1175
hendc1175
short?a1400
likec1425
near present?c1450
hangingc1503
instant?1520
neara1522
approachinga1525
imminent1528
provenient1554
threatened1567
near-threateninga1586
eminent1587
impendenta1592
sudden1597
ensuing1603
dependenta1616
pending1642
incumbent1646
early1655
fast-approaching1671
impendinga1686
incoming1753
pendent1805
proximatea1831
simmering1843
pending1850
invenient1854
looming1855
forthcoming1859
near-term1929
upcoming1959
1850 E. B. Browning tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 141 Innocent of all These pending ills.
1879 J. Timbs in Cassell's Techn. Educator IV. 119/1 To officiate as chloroformist at her then pending accouchement.
1964 Financial Times 31 Jan. 6/4 The pending abolition of R.P.M. has confused some M.P.s in deciding their attitudes.
1991 C. Tudge Global Ecol. (BNC) 88 Taken all in all..it [sc. the greenhouse effect] must be seen as the greatest of all the pending threats to present day life.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

pendingprep.adj.1

Brit. /ˈpɛndɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpɛndɪŋ/
Origin: A borrowing from French, combined with an English element; partly modelled on a French lexical item, and partly modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: French pendre , -ing suffix2.
Etymology: < French pendre (see pend v.3) + -ing suffix2, after French pendant pendant prep., classical Latin pendēns hanging, in suspense, suspended, not decided (see pendent adj.).Sense A. 1 is probably modelled on French pendant , which in this use originally occurred in a construction corresponding to a Latin ablative absolute; when the participle stood before a noun, having the same function as a preposition, it came gradually to be viewed as such. E.g. French pendant le procès (= le procès étant pendant ), ‘pendant, or pending, the suit’ (= ‘while the suit is pending’). With this sense compare pendant prep., of the same date.
A. prep.
1. During; throughout the continuance of. †pending suit: = pendente lite adv. (obsolete rare.). Cf. maintenance pending suit n. at maintenance n. Compounds. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [preposition] > during
throughOE
amongOE
thoroughOE
among thatlOE
amidwarda1225
ofc1275
lengingc1400
hanginga1420
amongsta1450
depending1503
pendant1642
pending1642
1642 J. March Argument Militia 18 The King may dissolve a Parliament when he pleaseth,..but,..pending Parliament, unadjourned, the King can neither retarde their proceedings nor take away their persons.
1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 100 Such Proceedings as are made in a Court of Judicature, (pending Suit) and after an Inhibition is decreed.
1779 J. Burgoyne Let. to Constituents (ed. 3) 7 The persons whose conduct was so put in question, should not appear at Court pending the enquiry.
1805 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. V. 146 The daughter..brought a formedon for the recovery of the estate-tail, pending which, all the proclamations were made.
1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic I. i. iii. 205 Pending the peace negotiations, Philip had been called upon to mourn for his wife and father.
1988 K. Amis Difficulties with Girls iv. 49 The old board-room across the landing from his own office was closed pending redecoration.
2. While awaiting; until the occurrence or appearance of; until.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > antecedence [preposition] > until
toc1000
fortc1200
tillc1330
hentc1426
pending1837
'til1939
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxiv. 373 The gentleman with the whiskers hummed a tune in the same manner as before, and pending the arrival of the toast, advanced to the front of the fire.
1894 C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet 149 Pending the completion of the new building.
1923 S. T. Felstead Underworld of London iii. 108 The proprietor of the ‘lumber’, where stolen property is stored pending a suitable buyer, also wants his whack.
1935 E. Klieneberger in Jrnl. Pathol. & Bacteriol. 40 93 These two pleuropneumonia-like organisms..will be referred to..simply as L1 and L2 pending the coining of appropriate generic names.
1977 Lancet 16 Apr. 863/2 Sulphamethizole and alkali were prescribed pending a culture report.
1993 U.S. News & World Rep. 18 Jan. 48/1 Haitian juveniles and pregnant women are paroled pending decisions on their cases.
B. adj.1
Remaining undecided; continuing; awaiting decision or settlement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adjective] > imminent, near, or at hand
towardc890
comingOE
at handc1175
hendc1175
hendc1175
short?a1400
likec1425
near present?c1450
hangingc1503
instant?1520
neara1522
approachinga1525
imminent1528
provenient1554
threatened1567
near-threateninga1586
eminent1587
impendenta1592
sudden1597
ensuing1603
dependenta1616
pending1642
incumbent1646
early1655
fast-approaching1671
impendinga1686
incoming1753
pendent1805
proximatea1831
simmering1843
pending1850
invenient1854
looming1855
forthcoming1859
near-term1929
upcoming1959
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > insecure knowledge, uncertainty > questionable state or quality > [adjective] > awaiting decision
pendent1629
pending1642
depending1679
1642 J. March Argument Militia 39 Neither can they, in any such case, give Judgement, or declare what the Law is, except they have something judicially pending before them, upon which to ground their judgement.
1678 M. Hale Pleas of Crown 206 If an Appeal was pending, Court would cease Arraignment of Prisoner upon an Indictment till it was determined.
1764 J. Otis Rights Brit. Colonies 41 Every subject has a right to give his sentiments to the public, of the utility or inutility of any act whatsoever, even after it is passed, as well as while it is pending.
1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. iii. 103 To abide the issue of the pending negotiations.
1877 J. F. Rusling Great West & Pacific Coast xviii. 290 The prosperity of the East during the war, and the pending sluggishness of trade on the Coast (still continuing) were much commented on.
1946 R. Graves Poems 1938–45 30 World patents pending; tested in the shops.
1993 Evening Sun (Baltimore) 8 Apr. b1/6 The committee did as Mr. Bereano asked because it has a policy against passing laws that affect pending cases.

Compounds

pending basket n. = pending tray n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > box > [noun] > tray > for papers or correspondence
in-basket1940
out-basket1940
in-tray1941
out-tray1943
pending tray1955
pending basket1957
in-box1958
1957 M. Summerton Sunset Hour i. 18 I threw the folder into my pending basket.
2000 Superintendent Winter 2 3/3 It is acknowledged that you are all very busy, but Please do not put the papers in your pending basket.
pending tray n. a tray for correspondence or other papers awaiting attention (also figurative).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > box > [noun] > tray > for papers or correspondence
in-basket1940
out-basket1940
in-tray1941
out-tray1943
pending tray1955
pending basket1957
in-box1958
1955 E. Waugh Officers & Gentlemen i. viii. 102 Guy turned over the papers in the ‘pending’ tray.
1973 J. Wainwright Pride of Pigs 50 The day clerks..booked it in—this avalanche of paper—and..tossed it into a series of ‘pending’ trays. The night clerks dealt with it.
1991 S. Smith & M. Hollis Explaining & understanding Internat. Relations (BNC) It can be seen..as an anomaly, in which case it is put in the pending tray or discarded.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.1491adj.21756prep.adj.11642
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