pearn.
/pɛː/, U.S. /pɛ(ə)r/ I. The fruit, and related senses.
1. The fleshy edible fruit (a pome) of the tree Pyrus communis (see sense 2a), typically having a broad base and tapering or constricted towards the stalk. Also (usually with distinguishing word): the similar but round fruit of P. pyrifolia of eastern Asia (see nashi n.).Of the many varieties, the sweeter and juicier kinds are used as a dessert fruit or for cooking, while certain more astringent types are used to make perry (see perry n.3).Asian, Comice, Conference, Doyenne, Marie Louise, nashi, sand, warden pear, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pear > [noun]
pearOE
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear
pearOE
Madeira1664
OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 20 Hoc pirum seo peru.
OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 145 Grustumie [read Crustumie], healfreade peran.
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 1191 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 140 (MED) His wijf..bi-gan to serui..deinteþes..Applene & peoren and notes also.
1316 Close Rolls Edward II 357 (MED) Pears of Permayns.
c1395 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 2333 I moot dye so sore longeth me To eten of the smale perys [v.r. peeres] grene.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 241v Þe wilde peres beþ more soure and erþy, more cold and druye þan þe tame, more vnsauory and hard in taste.
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 325 (MED) Vse þinges þat ben delitable and soure..for constipacioun..as ben peres, coyns, and soche oþre.
a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 10426 (MED) A seke man somtime wole dere Forto ete a litel pere.
c1475 Advice to Lovers in J. O. Halliwell Select. Minor Poems J. Lydgate (1840) 43 (MED) Appeles and peres that semen very gode Ful ofte tyme are roten by the core.
1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) ii. vii. 22 Peares are muche of the nature of appulles, but they ar heuier.
1573 J. Partridge Treasurie Commodious Conceits xxix. sig. C.vj This wise you may make Marmylade of Wardens, Peares, apples, & Medlars, Seruits or Checkers, strawberys euery one by himselfe.
1634 Althorp MS in J. N. Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) App. p. xvi A jorney to Windsor for pares.
1699 in T. Heywood Norris Papers (1846) 17 James Bolton of Speake for getting Apples and Pares in the orchard of Wm. Gill of Speake.
1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 156 The juicy pear Lies, in a soft profusion, scatter'd round.
1785 T. Jefferson Let. 28 Oct. in Writings (1984) 842 Their plums I think are better; so also their gooseberries, and the pears infinitely beyond anything we possess.
1824 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening (ed. 2) iii. i. 703 Dessert pears are characterised by a sugary aromatic juice, with the pulp soft and sub-liquid, or melting, as in the beurrés, or butter-pears.
1881 H. James Portrait of Lady I. vii. 75 The quality of this small ripe country seemed as sweet to her as the taste of an October pear.
1917 E. Wharton Summer ix. 133 Trestles with banked-up oranges and apples, spotted pears and dusty raspberries.
1993 Homemaker's Mag. (Toronto) Apr. 68/1 A perfect dessert would be ripe pears served with a selection of Italian cheeses.
2.
a. The tree Pyrus communis (family Rosaceae), thought to be native to Europe and western Asia and widely cultivated for its fruit (see sense 1); = pear tree n. 1a.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > pear-tree
perryOE
pear tree1230
pearc1390
perer?a1425
warden-tree?1523
orchard pear tree1562
pyrus1567
willow-leaved pear1820
nashi1892
c1390 Pistel of Swete Susan (Vernon) 82 (MED) Þe popeiayes..On peren [v.r. piries] and pynappel þei ioyken in pees.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 210 Some [trees]..bereþ more fruyt in eelde þan in ȝouþe..as it fareþ in almoundes, in pyries, and in peres.
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 172 (MED) Leuez of wilde perez.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 394 Pere, tre, pirus.
a1500 (?a1450) Treat. Gardening 19 in Archaeologia (1894) 54 161 (MED) Of pere y mynde ȝorne To graffe hym a-pon a haw-thorne.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xliiii And after saynt Valentynes day it is tyme to graffe both peeres and wardens.
a1618 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Diuine Weekes & Wks. (1621) i. vi. 130 Heer the sweet Plum-tree, the sharp Mulbery there, Heer the lowe Vine, and there the lofty Pear.
1658 N. Billingsley Κοσμοβρεϕια: Infancy of World 74 The piramidal Pear The tow'ring Cedar and tall Pine did rear Their heads from me.
1681 T. Langford Plain Instr. Fruit-trees ii. 15 A Pear graffed on a Wicky-berry-tree grew very well.
1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Pyrus The Distance which the Branches of Pears should be train'd must be proportion'd to the Size of their Fruit.
1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. vii. 77 The pear and apple are..two..species of the same..genus.
1846 D. J. Browne Trees Amer. 287 The blossoms of the pear, which are scentless, and of a pure white, appear..in the southern counties of Ohio, by the middle of April.
1861 Amer. Agriculturist July 209/2 Deep cultivation, such as is required for the standard pear, will not do for the quince, because of the shallow depth at which the roots grow.
1927 S. Lewis Elmer Gantry xii. 181 She stopped, panting, by a walled garden with espalier pears.
1992 H. Mitchell One Man's Garden iv. 70 The flowers are often frozen, so fruit is not guaranteed, and pears often die of fire blight.
b. With distinguishing word: any of several trees and shrubs related to the cultivated pear.willow-leaved pear: see willow n. Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1856 ‘E. S. Delamer’ Flower Garden 127 Pyrus Japonica—Japan Pear,—which bears scarlet blossoms early in spring, is really a Quince, and is now removed to the genus Cydonia.
1900 W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden (ed. 8) 752/1 P[yrus] Salicifolia (the Willow-leaved Pear), which is well worthy of planting on account of its..beautiful foliage, has leaves of silvery whiteness.
1976 O. Polunin & B. Everard Trees & Bushes of Europe 76 Almond-Leaved Pear. Pyrus amygdaliformis... A shrub or small tree..found in dry rocky places in the Mediterranean region.
1998 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 200/2 Wild pear, Pyrus pyraster. The status and distribution of the wild pear in Britain is uncertain.
3. Chiefly with distinguishing word: any of various fruits thought to resemble the pear (sense 1) in some way; any of the plants producing such a fruit. Earliest in prickle pear n.avocado, garlic, vegetable, wooden pear, etc.: see the first element. See also prickly pear n.
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pear > [noun] > other types of pear
calewey1377
choke-pear1530
muscadel1555
lording1573
bon-chrétienc1575
Burgundian pear1578
king pear1585
amiot1600
bergamot1600
butter pear1600
dew-pear1600
greening1600
bottle pear1601
gourd-pear1601
critling1611
pearc1612
nutmeg1629
rosewater pear1629
amber pear1638
Christian1651
chesil1664
diego1664
frith-pear1664
primate1664
saffron pear1664
Windsor pear1664
nonsuch1674
muscat1675
burnt-cat1676
ambrette1686
sanguinole1693
satin1693
St. Germain pear1693
amadot1706
burree1719
Doyenne1731
beurré1736
colmar1736
chaumontel1755
Marie Louise1817
seckel1817
vergaloo1828
Passe Colmar1837
glou-morceau1859
London sugar1860
Kieffer pear1880
sand pear1880
sandy pear1884
nashi1892
c1612 W. Strachey Hist. Trav. Virginia (1953) i. x. 120 Here is a Cherry redd fruict both within and without..which we call the prickle-Peare... They beare a broad thick spungeous leafe full of karnells.
1696 L. Plukenet Opera Bot. II. 32 Anona Americana,..Anchovie Pear, & aliquando River Pear, Nostratibus nuncupatur.
1764 J. Grainger Sugar-cane i. 8 (note) The avocato, avocado, avigato, or, as the English corruptly call it, alligator-pear.
1804 Sydney Gaz. 7 Oct. 3 The timber consisted chiefly of cedar, pear and tea tree.
1845 Encycl. Metrop. XXV. 1362/2 Xylomelum... A genus so called by Smith..in allusion to the hard woody nature and form of the fruit, which is, on that account, also called wood-pear.
1880 Handbk. S. Afr. (S. W. Silver & Co.) (ed. 3) 127 In these kloofs grow..the Hard Pear..the White Pear.
1976 Hortus Third (L. H. Bailey Hortorium) 1055/2 Solanum muricatum Ait. Pepino, melon shrub,..melon pear.
4.
a. U.S. regional and Australian. = prickly pear n. See also pear apple n. (b) at Compounds 2.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > prickly pear plants
tuna1555
Opuntia1601
prickled pear1610
prickle pear1610
prickpear1622
Indian fig1631
prickly pear1696
pimploe1698
pear1805
1805 M. Lewis Jrnl. 13 Aug. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1988) V. 78 The leaves grow from the margins of each other as in the broad leaf pear of the Missouri.
1905 Bull. Bureau Plant Industry, U.S. Dept. Agric. No. 74. 20 It is universally recognized throughout the pear region of southwestern Texas that the plant has a decided tendency to increase the flow of milk.
1908 Bulletin (Sydney) 9 July 15/3 Runs have been given up as hopeless for stock owing to the prickly anathema. Right down the line from Roma to Dalby pear is seen all the way.
1973 H. Lewis Crow on Barbed Wire Fence 29 You seen pear? It's cactus. Put a piece on that barbed wire fence and it'll grow.
1996 Time (Nexis) 10 June 44 Ranchers..have been hiring day laborers to ‘burn pear’, Texas lingo for applying a butane torch to the cactus and searing off the spines so that cattle can munch on what remains.
b. Chiefly Caribbean and Hawaii. An avocado pear.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit
pear1895
1672 W. Hughes Amer. Physitian 41 I never heard it [i.e. the avocado] called by any other name than the Spanish Pear, or by some the Shell-Pear.]
1895 Hawaiian Gaz. 19 July 7/2 A good market could be obtained in California for all the surplus pears for many years to come.
1907 W. Jekyll Jamaican Song & Story i. xlvii. 144 Dog don't like nothing as his pear an' bone.
1945 E. P. Clark W. Indian Cooking (1946) xxi. 103 Avocado Pear Soup... Just before serving stir in the pear, previously peeled, and either pounded or sieved.
1954 Evening News (Port of Spain, Trinidad) 22 Sept. 1 Mrs. Affou's garden, poultry and cultivated plants, including grafted oranges, mango julie, cocoa and pears were swept away.
1972 E. B. Carr Da Kine Talk ix. 143 The word pear can be heard in Hawaii denoting only the avocado. (To distinguish them, Mainland pears are frequently referred to as Bartlett pears.)
1979 Advocate News 17 June 16 To most Barbadians a Pear is an Avocado Pear. The true pear is Pyrus communis.
2002 Caribbean Today (Nexis) 30 Nov. 9 Abacate smoothie ingredients... Half medium pear (peeled and cubed).
5. = pearwood n.
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society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > wood of fruit trees > pear
pear treec1350
pearwood1730
pear1831
1831 G. Greig S. Afr. Almanac 187 The other woods most in request, and found in Albany are..Red and White Pear, Saffran.
1879 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 1 326 Unlike the useless scrub of the Tugela Valley, there is valuable timber of yellow-wood, stink-wood, red and white pear, boken-wood, and some others.
1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 645/1 Some woods, such as pear, lime, and more especially box, are comparatively free from any distinct grain, and may be carved almost like marble.
1948 F. H. Titmuss Conc. Encycl. World Timbers 100 Pear is not a durable wood for use in unprotected positions, but is lasting for work under cover.
1968 J. Arnold Shell Bk. Country Crafts xiv. 192 Grinling Gibbons worked in several woods, lime, box and pear.
1990 Woodworker July 691/1 He will use fruitwoods, such as apple, plum and, particularly, pear with its tight knit quality.
II. Extended uses.
6. † a. In negative contexts: a thing of little value. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > smallness > [noun] > that which is small > a small thing > typical examples of
little fingerc1300
pear1340
hair1377
flea1388
a pin's head (also point)c1450
fitch1550
mouse1584
minnow1596
the pestle of a lark1598
nutshella1616
pinhead1662
pinpoint1670
rope yarn1751
bee's knee1797
peanut1864
postage stamp1881
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 208 (MED) God..nele þe yeue pere ne eppel ase me deþ ane childe, ac greate þinges he wile þet þou him acsi.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 5722 (MED) Of þyne ne schalt þow lese noȝt þe worthy of a pere.
a1425 (c1333–52) L. Minot Poems (1914) 1 (MED) Þai turned ogayn with sides sare, And al þaire pomp noght worth a pere.
c1475 (c1399) Mum & Sothsegger (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) Prol. 73 (MED) It shulde not apeire hem a peere, a prynce þouȝ he were.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 597 (MED) All the baytys that ye for hym haue leyde, Without myn helpe, be nat worth a peere.
?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. dd.ivv Nor fortune without me auayleth not hym a pere.
1631 W. Lisle Faire Æthiopian iii. 48 When he came forth, what ere Was seene before, is thought not worth a peare.
b. In various similative and proverbial uses.
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cxxiv. 1021 For as oon seith, ‘wiþoute wyn peres beþ venyme’.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 37 (MED) O gode pertre coms god peres [a1400 Gött. peris; a1400 Trin. Cambr. perus], Wers tre, vers fruit it beres.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 3080 The brede of hir brest..Was pleasaund..With two propur pappes, as a peire rounde, ffetis and faire, of fauour full swete.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iv. v. 94 As crest-falne as a dride-peare. View more context for this quotation
1666 G. Torriano Proverbial Phrases 201/2 in Piazza Universale A pear must have wine after it, and a fig water.
1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical ix. 93 His Body was as Rotten as a Pear.
1751 M. Mendez Shepherds Lottery i. v. 9 I like young Doris in her russet Gown, Ripe as the Pear, and as the Berry brown.
1762 J. Hall-Stevenson Crazy Tales 13 Others presum'd she was perfum'd, From being rotten as a pear.
1807 Port Folio 4 207 To use the homely proverb of Sancho, ‘looking for pears from an elm’.
1845 B. Disraeli Sybil II. iv. xi. 271 ‘But is the pear ripe?’ said the diplomatist. ‘The pear is ripe if we have courage to pluck it,’ said Lord Marney.
a1859 W. Watt Poems & Songs (1860) 253 Then, o' her mouth, as sweet's a pear, He tak's a luscious smack.
1951 Times 30 May 2/4 She [sc. a yacht] is likely to have passed the point where reconstruction would be possible, being reported to be ‘ripe as a pear’.
1999 Atlanta Jrnl. & Constit. (Nexis) 21 Dec. 2 e It's proverbial that pears don't grow on elms.
7.
a. Something shaped like a pear; esp. a pear-shaped pearl or gem (cf. pear pearl n. at Compounds 2).
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > thorn-tree or -bush > brier or wild rose-bush > [noun] > part of > hip
hipeOE
shoop1483
pear1576
hedge-peak1630
choop1820
rose berry1822
rose hip1833
hedge-speak1847
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > pearl > [noun] > varieties of
unioOE
pearl of orientc1400
seed pearl1551
powdering pearls1606
pear pearl1647
Welsh pearl1681
peara1685
union1694
akoya1727
river pearl1776
orient1833
bouton pearl1851
blister pearl1885
Bombay pearl1885
teardrop pearl1904
cultured pearl1911
culture pearl1921
1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health i. f. 4 The seedes within the peares of the Rose, are..astringent.
a1685 M. Evelyn Mundus Muliebris (1690) 4 Diamond Pendants for the Ears,..or two Pearl Pears.
1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. xlv. 150 Some beautiful Pearls..among them a Pair of Pears worth 50L. Sterl.
1857 P. H. Gosse Creation 223 From the side of this ‘pear’ [sc. the tunicate Botryllus] another was developed by gemmation.
1901 J. K. Mumford Oriental Rugs (new ed.) vi. 68 The ‘pear’ [sc. a motif] seems to have..original association with Persia.
1992 Rock & Gem Feb. 3/3 (advt.) Shapes available—mostly ovals, emerald cuts and pears.
b. An instrument of torture made of curved metal panels, roughly pear-shaped when closed but capable of being opened up gradually. Sometimes more fully pear of confession. Cf. choke-pear n. 2. Now historical.
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society > authority > punishment > torture > instrument or place of torture > [noun] > pear-shaped
pear of confession1630
1630 Pathomachia iii. iv. 29 Vnlesse thou confesse,..the Scottish Bootes, the Dutch Wheele, the Spanish Strappado, Linnen Ball, and Peare of Confession shall torment thee.
1990 J. A. Amato Victims & Values i. 9 This diverse array of instruments..were used by secular and religious authorities as well. They included a vaginal pear (an opening device), a chastity belt, [etc.].
1990 J. Ayto Glutton's Glossary 213 Medieval torturers devised a particularly gruesome tool known in English as the pear of confession.
1997 Richmond (Va.) Times Dispatch (Nexis) 16 Feb. f4 One guesses that some readers may learn more than they want to about the strappado, the ‘pear’, and the Judas chair.
Compounds
C1.
a. General attributive.† pear-hoard n. Obsolete† pear-kernel n. Obsolete
pear bin n.
ΚΠ
1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village I. 235 The apple-room, the pear-bin, the cheese-loft, the minced-meat closet were household words.
1993 Washington Times (Nexis) 8 Dec. e1 Supermarket pear bins are full of Bosc, Anjou and the Bartletts, red or yellow.
pear bud n.
ΚΠ
1838 M. Howitt Birds & Flowers 135 Did you say that the Titmouse was stealing, That he ate your pear-buds..And nipped off the apricot-bloom in his fun?
1997 New Scientist (Nexis) 30 Aug. 8181 The bottlers..place empty bottles over the pear buds. As they mature, they grow in the bottle.
pear eater n.
ΚΠ
1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 1034 Such [caterpillars] as have sayl-yards, such as are called Neustriæ, Pear-eaters.
1997 Mail Tribune (Medford, Oregon) (Electronic ed.) 9 Aug. They're at their best cored and peeled, two messy, time-consuming chores that can leave a less-than-dedicated pear eater reaching for the nearest apple.
ΚΠ
c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 603/10 Piracium, a Perehorde.
ΚΠ
1681 T. Langford Plain Instr. Fruit-trees i. 9 Crab-kernels and Pear-kernels.
a1706 J. Evelyn Direct. for Gardiner (1932) 54 Sow another Bed of peare kirnells.
a1706 J. Evelyn Direct. for Gardiner (1932) 63 Graffe on the peare-kirnell stock.
pear orchard n.
ΚΠ
1828 Edinb. Advertiser 17 Oct. 670/2 A prominent defect is the want of variety in the soil; nearly the whole, with the exception of the pear orchard, consisting of [etc.].
1927 V. R. Gardner et al. Orcharding xi. 133 A large portion of the pear orchards in the Rogue River Valley, in Oregon, grow on a very heavy adobe soil.
2002 Daily Tel. 21 Oct. 9/1 Almost two thirds of apple orchards and more than half of pear orchards have disappeared in the last 30 years.
pear shape n.
ΚΠ
1757 Philos. Trans. 1756 (Royal Soc.) 49 450 Every one of those stars is composed of many thin hollow radii, of a pear-shape form, from five to twelve or more in number, all united intimately at their smaller end.
1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. Gloss. 83 Detached masses of melted lava, which, as they fall, assume rounded forms (like bomb-shells), and are often elongated into a pear shape.
1993 Clothes Show Feb. 72/1 (caption) High-waisted or empire-line dresses are very flattering for pear shapes.
pear stock n.
ΚΠ
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xlv A peer or a warden wolde be graffed in a pyrre stocke.
1671 J. Sharp Midwives Bk. ii. vi. 124 Graft an Apricock on a Pear stock you shall have Apricocks.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) II. 251 Pear-stocks may also be raised of Suckers,..but those that are raised of Seeds or Stones are esteemed much better.
1887 G. Nicholson Illustr. Dict. Gardening III. 47/1 Pyramid training is largely practised with Pear-trees... Pyramids may be procured worked either on the Pear stock or on the Quince.
1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) III. 1506/2 Pears are propagated by grafting or budding, seed being used only for the raising of Pear stocks and for the production of new varieties.
1999 A. Davidson Oxf. Compan. Food 494/2 The medlar can be grafted onto quince or pear stock, but does best on hawthorn stock.
b.
pear-growing n. and adj.
ΚΠ
1856 Putnam's Monthly Mag. Apr. 392/1 No pursuit is perfectly safe from misfortunes, and pear-growing is not quite secure.
1902 Science 1 Aug. 193/1 It [sc. pear blight] has spread to a large percentage of the leading pear-growing districts of southern California.
1958 Times 17 Oct. 16/4 Fire blight..has been largely responsible for the decline in pear growing in the eastern United States.
2003 Better Homes & Gardens Sept. 34 Heather's family settled in Oregon's scenic Hood River Valley, one of the largest pear-growing regions in the world.
C2. † pear-bit n. Obsolete a kind of bit for a horse, perhaps one having a part shaped like a pear.† pear-louse n. Obsolete rare = pear sucker n.† pear warden n. Obsolete a variety of pear (see warden n.2).† pear-withe n. Obsolete a Brazilian climbing shrub, Tanaecium jaroba (family Bignoniaceae), naturalized in the West Indies.
pear apple n. (a) a fruit having features of both an apple and a pear; esp. a rough-skinned variety of apple (now historical); (b) the fruit of a prickly pear (a cactus of the genus Opuntia); (c) = nashi n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > eating-apple > types of
costardc1390
bitter-sweet1393
Queening?1435
richardine?1435
blaundrellc1440
pear apple1440
tuberc1440
quarrendenc1450
birtle1483
deusan1570
apple-john1572
Richard1572
lording1573
greening1577
queen apple1579
peeler1580
darling1584
doucin1584
golding1589
puffin1589
lady's longing1591
bitter-sweeting1597
pearmain1597
paradise apple1598
garden globe1600
gastlet1600
leather-coat1600
maligar1600
pome-paradise1601
French pippin1629
gillyflower1629
king apple1635
lady apple1651
golden pippin1654
goldling1655
puff1655
cardinal1658
green fillet1662
chestnut1664
cinnamon apple1664
fenouil1664
go-no-further1664
Westbury apple1664
seek-no-farther1670
nonsuch1676
calville1691
passe-pomme1691
fennel apple1699
queen1699
genet1706
fig-apple1707
oaken pin1707
nonpareil1726
costing1731
monstrous reinette1731
Newtown pippin1760
Ribston1782
Rhode Island greening1795
oslin1801
fall pippin1803
monstrous pippin1817
Newtown Spitzenburg1817
Gravenstein1821
Red Astrachan1822
Tolman sweet1822
grange apple1823
orange pippin1823
Baldwin1826
Sturmer Pippin1831
Newtowner1846
Northern Spy1847
Blenheim Orange1860
Cox1860
McIntosh Red1876
Worcester1877
raspberry apple1894
delicious1898
Laxton's Superb1920
Macoun1924
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > eating-apple > types of
costardc1390
bitter-sweet1393
pippin?1435
pomewater?1435
Queening?1435
richardine?1435
blaundrellc1440
pear apple1440
tuberc1440
quarrendenc1450
birtle1483
sweeting1530
pomeroyal1534
renneta1568
deusan1570
apple-john1572
Richard1572
lording1573
russeting1573
greening1577
queen apple1579
peeler1580
reinette1582
darling1584
doucin1584
golding1589
puffin1589
lady's longing1591
bitter-sweeting1597
pearmain1597
paradise apple1598
garden globe1600
gastlet1600
leather-coat1600
maligar1600
pomeroy1600
short-start1600
jenneting1601
pome-paradise1601
russet coat1602
John apple1604
honey apple1611
honeymeal1611
musk apple1611
short-shank1611
spice apple1611
French pippin1629
king apple1635
lady apple1651
golden pippin1654
goldling1655
puff1655
cardinal1658
renneting1658
green fillet1662
chestnut1664
cinnamon apple1664
fenouil1664
go-no-further1664
reinetting1664
Westbury apple1664
seek-no-farther1670
nonsuch1676
white-wining1676
russet1686
calville1691
fennel apple1699
queen1699
genet1706
fig-apple1707
oaken pin1707
musk1708
nonpareil1726
costing1731
monstrous reinette1731
Newtown pippin1760
Ribston1782
Rhode Island greening1795
oslin1801
wine apple1802
fall pippin1803
monstrous pippin1817
Newtown Spitzenburg1817
Gravenstein1821
Red Astrachan1822
Tolman sweet1822
grange apple1823
orange pippin1823
Baldwin1826
wine-sap1826
Jonathan1831
Sturmer Pippin1831
rusty-coat1843
Newtowner1846
Northern Spy1847
Cornish gilliflowerc1850
Blenheim Orange1860
Cox1860
nutmeg pippin1860
McIntosh Red1876
Worcester1877
raspberry apple1894
delicious1898
Laxton's Superb1920
Melba apple1928
Melba1933
Mutsu1951
Newtown1953
discovery1964
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > other fruits > [noun]
tamarind1539
zizypha1546
guava1555
tuna1555
turpentine1562
mango1582
mammee1587
durian1588
lychee1588
sapota1589
fritter1591
mangosteen1598
custard apple1648
longan1655
mammee sapota1657
mammee apple1683
breadfruit1697
coco-plum1699
rambutan1707
pawpaw1709
locust bean1731
sapodilla1750
cherimoya1758
wild lime1767
Otaheite apple1777
narra1779
langsat1783
rose apple1790
cinnamon apple1796
sapota plum1797
bhindi1809
salak1820
gingerbread plum1824
geebung1827
loquat1829
sapodilla plum1830
sage-apple1832
kangaroo-apple1834
karaka-fruit1834
quandong1836
mombin1837
terap1839
zapote1842
tamarind plum1846
prairie pea1848
Barbados-cherry1858
kei-apple1859
Natal plum1859
bullock's heart1866
guava-apple1866
Sierra Leone peach1866
Turkey fig1866
marula1877
scarlet banana1885
Suriname cherry1895
feijoa1898
pear apple1898
ume1918
pepino1922
Chinese gooseberry1925
num-num1926
acerola1954
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit > prickly pear
tuna1555
Opuntia1601
prickled pear1610
prickle pear1610
prickpear1622
prickly pear1696
pear apple1898
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 394 Peere apple, pirumpomum.
1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 76 in Sylva Apples..Pearmain, Pear-apple, Hony-meal.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) II. 293 The Pear Apple is a curious pleasant Apple of a rough Coat.
1898 H. S. Canfield Maid of Frontier 205 He knew..which of the ‘pear apples’ were good to eat.
1993 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Jrnl. 10 Nov. b8/1 It's an Asian pear, aka nashi, apple pear, sand pear, salad pear, Chinese pear, Oriental pear or even pear apple.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > bit
kevela1300
barnaclea1382
bitc1385
molanc1400
bridle bit1438
snafflea1533
titup1537
bastonet?1561
cannon?1561
scatch1565
cannon bit1574
snaffle-bit1576
port mouth1589
watering snaffle1593
bell-bit1607
campanel1607
olive1607
pear-bit1607
olive-bit1611
port bit1662
neck-snaffle1686
curb-bit1688
masticador1717
Pelham1742
bridoon1744
slabbering-bit1753
hard and sharp1787
Weymouth1792
bridoon-bit1795
mameluke bit1826
Chiffney-bit1834
training bit1840
ring snaffle1850
gag-snaffle1856
segundo1860
half-moon bit1875
stiff-bit1875
twisted mouth1875
thorn-bit1886
Scamperdale1934
bit-mouth-
1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. 57 That bytt which is called the peare bytt.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Pear-bit, a kind of Bit for Horses.]
pear blight n. (a) either of two destructive diseases of pear trees, one caused by a bacterium, Erwinia amylovora, which turns the leaves rapidly brown (also called fire-blight), and the other caused by any of several beetles which bore into the bark; (b) a beetle which causes the latter (see pear blight beetle n.).
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the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > bacterial diseases > associated with food or crop plants
fire blight1742
apple blight1835
pear blight1854
leaf scald1870
ring rot1875
angular leaf spot1896
blackarm1902
Moko1913
halo blight1920
1854 E. Emmons Agric. N.Y. V. 165 Atmospheric Blight..proves itself to be independent of the cause that sometimes produces the pear blight.
1881 E. A. Ormerod Man. Injurious Insects (1890) 330 In America this species of beetle,..known..under the name of Xyleborus pyri, popularly as the ‘Pear Blight’ is..injurious both to Pear and Apple.
1961 A. Schoenfeld tr. C. Stapp Bacterial Plant Pathogens ii. 134 This disease, variously called ‘fire blight’, ‘blossom blight’, ‘fruit blight’, ‘twig blight’, ‘apple blight’, or ‘pear blight’, according to the place affected, is one of the most dangerous and dreaded tree diseases of North America.
2003 Sacramento Bee (Nexis) 6 June g1 They lost half their pear crop when pear blight swept across the county in the early 1960s.
pear blight beetle n. any of several beetles causing pear blight, esp. the bark beetles Xyleborus dispar (also called shot-hole borer) and X. pyri (family Scolytidae).
ΚΠ
1854 E. Emmons Agric. N.Y. V. 113 Scolytus (Tomicus) pyri... Pear-blight Beetle... This insect has been highly injurious to the pear tree in New-England.
1885 Amer. Naturalist 19 1178 The limb..may be punctured and killed by the pear-blight beetle (Xyleborus pyri), a very small insect which often escapes detection.
1936 R. W. Doane et al. Forest Insects v. 132 The pear blight beetle, Anisandrus pyri (Peck), is the American representative of the European shot-hole borer, A. dispar (Fabr.).
2003 Newsday (Nexis) 13 Apr. n2 The culprits are two species of bark or ambrosia beetles—Xyleborus dispar or pear blight beetle, and Xylesandrus germanus or black-stem borer.
pear encrinite n. (also pear encrinus) Palaeontology (now rare). a pear-shaped fossil crinoid of the genus Apiocrinus.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > division Pelmatozoa > class Crinoidea > fossil or encrinite > member of genus Apiocrinus
pear encrinite1816
apiocrinite1851
1816 W. Smith Strata Identified 30 That extraordinary fossil zoophite the pear encrinus.
1843 W. Humble Dict. Geol. (at cited word) The pear encrinite is confined to the middle oolite.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 698/1 Above the freestones near Bradford comes the Bradford clay, with the well-known fossil Apiocrinus or pear-encrinite.
pear-gauge n. now historical and rare a gauge incorporating a pear-shaped glass vessel and a tube with one end dipped into a container of mercury, which measures the air pressure in a vessel from which air has been pumped out.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > pump > [noun] > other parts of pumps
pump box1422
pump-staff1422
pump-tree1617
branch1659
pump rod1731
pear-gauge1753
barometer-gauge1783
bucket-door1797
head1824
balance-bob1838
suction primer1875
cup-leather1889
airline1893
1753 J. Smeaton in Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 428 Fig. V. Represents the new gage; which I call the pear-gage.
1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 155 The pear-gage..shows the true quantity of atmospheric air left in the receiver.
1871 Zell's Pop. Encycl. 577/1 Pear-gage, an instrument for measuring the exhaustion of a receiver.
pear haw n. U.S. regional = pear thorn n.
ΚΠ
1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 79 Black Thorn Pear Haw.
1908 N. L. Britton & J. A. Shafer N. Amer. Trees 480 Pear Thorn—Cratægus Chapmani (Beadle) Ashe... This species occurs from central New York..to northern Georgia and westward..to Missouri. It is also called Pear haw.
2000 Deseret News (Salt Lake City) (Nexis) 12 Mar. c8 The blackthorn is a tree or shrub of the rose family... Some call it the pear haw.
pear leaf n. the leaf of a pear tree; also attributive, designating other plants with leaves resembling these.
ΚΠ
1822 A. Eaton Man. Bot. (ed. 3) 254 [Crataegus] pyrifolia..pear-leaf thorn.
1845–50 A. H. Lincoln Familiar Lect. Bot. (new ed.) App. 151 Pyrola..rotundifolia (shin-leaf, pear-leaf wintergreen).
1860 R. W. Emerson Fate in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 36 The slug sweats out its slimy house on the pear-leaf.
1915 V. L. Kellogg & R. W. Doane Elem. Textbk. Econ. Zool. & Entomol. 434 The Pear-leaf Blister-mite (Eriophyes pyri)..causes red blister-like blotches on the leaves of the pears and sometimes of the apples.
1993 New Phytologist 124 427/1 Norris & Bukovac (1968)..found no physical alteration of pear leaf cuticles during enzymatic isolation.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Psyllidae > member of genus Psylla
psylla1852
pear sucker1881
pear-louse1890
pear psylla1892
1890 Cent. Dict. Pear-louse.
pear midge n. a small gall midge, Contarinia pyrivora, whose larvae damage the fruit of pear trees.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Nematocera > family Cecidomyiidae > contarinia pyrivora (pear midge)
pear midge1854
1854 Amer. Farmer's New & Universal Handbk. 542 The small pear midge lays her eggs in the blossoms when they are still closed.
1956 R. H. Davidson & L. M. Peairs Insect Pests (ed. 5) xvii. 442 The pear midge is an introduced insect, present in the northeastern states for over 50 years.
1996 Pract. Gardening June 91/1 Pear midge..can be discouraged by..burning fallen fruitlets during the summer, and regularly hoeing the soil in winter to expose the overwintering cocoons.
pear oyster-scale n. = oyster shell scale n. at oyster shell n. Compounds.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Coccidae or genus Coccus > aspidiotus ostreaeformis (pear oyster scale)
pear oyster-scale1881
1881 E. A. Ormerod Man. Injurious Insects iii. 288 Pear Oyster Scale..of the same nature as the Mussel Scale of the Apple.
1903 E. Bartrum Bk. Pears & Plums 37 The pear oyster scale is very injurious, especially on walls, if not checked at an early stage.
pear pearl n. a pear-shaped pearl.
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society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > pearl > [noun] > varieties of
unioOE
pearl of orientc1400
seed pearl1551
powdering pearls1606
pear pearl1647
Welsh pearl1681
peara1685
union1694
akoya1727
river pearl1776
orient1833
bouton pearl1851
blister pearl1885
Bombay pearl1885
teardrop pearl1904
cultured pearl1911
culture pearl1921
1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs vi. 96 Those mighty peare-pearles that waigh-down her eares.
1843 F. E. I. Calderón de la Barca Life in Mexico 129 A necklace of pear pearls, valued at twenty thousand dollars.
2000 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant (Nexis) 16 Mar. 10 (caption) Festoon tiara. Circa 1830; gold, silver, button and pear pearls, diamonds.
pear plum n. now rare any of several varieties of plum tree bearing pear-shaped or oblong fruit, used chiefly as rootstock (more fully pear plum-tree); the fruit of any of these trees.
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > stone fruit > [noun] > plum > other types of plum
bullacea1375
myxe?1440
prunelloa1450
bullace-fruit1530
wheat-plum1538
wheaten plum1542
pear plum1573
finger plum1577
perdrigon1582
damson plum1584
apple-plum1601
bullace-plum1608
amber plum1629
Christian1629
queen mother1629
cinnamon-plum1664
date1664
Orleans1674
Chickasaw plum1760
blue gage1764
golden drop1772
beach-plum1785
quetsch1839
egg-plum1859
hog plum1863
bladder-plum1869
prune1872
Carlsbad plum1885
apricot plum1893
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > plum > other types of
white plumc1330
bullacea1375
myxe?1440
prunelloa1450
bullace-fruit1530
horse plum1530
plum1530
wheat-plum1538
wheaten plum1542
choke-plum1556
pear plum1573
finger plum1577
scad1577
skeg1601
merchant1602
bullace-plum1608
malacadonian1608
prune plum1613
date plum1626
mussel plum1626
amber plum1629
black plum1629
primordian1629
queen mother1629
winter crack1629
myrobalan1630
Christian1651
Monsieur's plum1658
cinnamon-plum1664
date1664
primordial1664
Orleans1674
mirabelle1706
myrobalan plum1708
Mogul1718
mussel1718
Chickasaw plum1760
blue gage1764
magnum bonum1764
golden drop1772
beach-plum1785
sweet plum1796
winesour1836
wild plum1838
quetsch1839
egg-plum1859
Victoria1860
cherry plum1866
bladder-plum1869
prune1872
sour plum1874
Carlsbad plum1885
horse-jug1886
French plum1939
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry f. 32/2 Peareploms, black & yelow.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. iii. 427 The stone of the peare-plum-tree must be set in a cold place.
1625 M. Pring in S. Purchas Pilgrimes IV. viii. xii. 1656 As for Trees the Country yeeldeth Sassafras..and a kinde of tree bearing a fruit like a small red Peare-plum.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) II. 265 Plumbs are..commonly cleft-grafted..one of the best sorts to graft them on is the Pear-Plumb.
1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Prunus Prunus fructu albo, oblongiusculo, acido. Journ. The white Pear Plum. This is a good Fruit for Preserving, but is very unpleasant if eaten raw: it is very late ripe, and seldom planted in Gardens.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 854/2 Plums are propagated chiefly by budding on stocks of the Mussel, Brussels, St Julien and Pear plums.
pear psylla n. chiefly North American = pear sucker n.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Psyllidae > member of genus Psylla
psylla1852
pear sucker1881
pear-louse1890
pear psylla1892
1892 Garden & Forest 5 285 The Pear psylla, which did so much damage during the past summer, is probably a new species.
1972 L. A. Swan & C. S. Papp Common Insects N. Amer. xiii. 141 Pear Psylla... A major pest of pears, first introduced into the East in 1832.
1994 Org. Gardening Feb. 20/2 The pear psylla can also transmit an organism that causes ‘pear decline’, or premature death of trees.
pear-quince n. a pear-shaped variety of quince.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > pear-tree > quince-tree
quince treea1325
quince?1435
pear-quince1601
Portugal quince1653
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 436 A smaller sort..called Struthea (i. Peare-quince) and these do cast a more odoriferous smell.
1665 J. Rea Flora iii. iii. 213 Cydonia... The Portugal Pear-Quince is fair, large, Pear fashioned, and yellow, excellent either to bake or preserve.
1766 Compl. Farmer at Quince-tree Several kinds, as the pear-quince, the apple-quince, and the Portugal quince.
2003 V. R. Phillips tr. C. Ferber Mes Tartes 175 Quince Tart with Slivered Citrus Zest... 11 oz...rich flaky pastry..4 attractive apple-quinces or pear-quinces.
pear shell n. now rare the pear-shaped shell of a tropical marine gastropod mollusc of the genus Ficus or family Ficidae; the mollusc itself; also called fig shell.
ΚΠ
1885 J. S. Kingsley Standard Nat. Hist. (1888) I. 352 The species of Ficula are known from their shape as fig or pear shells.
1936 L. Binyon et al. Romance Chinese Art 168 For this purpose various shells were used, mother-of-pearl for larger work and that of nautilus, pear-shell, sea-ear (Haliotis, Jap. Awabi) and Turbo Cornutus (Jap. Sazaye).
2002 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 4 May 38 There are barks, pear shells, pottery and paintings galore.
pear slug n. the slug-like larva of a sawfly, Caliroa cerasi, which infests the leaves of the pear and other fruit trees.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Symphta or Phytophaga Sessiliventres > family Tenthredinidae > caliroa cerasi larva or pear-slug
pear slug1867
1867 J. A. Warder Amer. Pomology Index 741/2 Pear slug.
1872 Illustr. Ann. Reg. Rural Affairs 285 The currant worm is moist and tender and soft, like the snail and pear slug, and the remedy for the latter..is lime well scattered over the trees.
1930 Times 18 June 11/2 A miniature wasp which eats the pear slug has gone to New Zealand.
1993 Fort Collins (Colorado) Triangle Rev. 12 Aug. 12/2 Pear slugs eat the upper leaf surface, ‘skeletonizing’ the leaf.
pear sucker n. a psyllid bug of European origin, Cacopsylla (or Psylla) pyricola, a major pest of pear trees which it damages in several ways, esp. by feeding on sap and producing excessive honeydew which encourages the growth of certain moulds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Psyllidae > member of genus Psylla
psylla1852
pear sucker1881
pear-louse1890
pear psylla1892
1881 E. A. Ormerod Man. Injurious Insects iii. 286 Jumping Plant-louse. Pear-sucker.
1882 Garden 28 Jan. 61/2 As soon as the buds begin to burst in the spring, the Pear suckers leave their winter quarters.
1903 E. Bartrum Bk. Pear & Plum 38 The Pear Sucker is a jumping plant-louse which early in the season sucks the juices of the tree about the axils of the leaves.
2000 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 30 Sept. 36 The pear sucker (Psylla pyricola), which can seriously reduce the yield of this fruiting tree, is a small blackish-green sap-feeding insect just 1/16″ (2mm) long.
pear thorn n. any of several North American kinds of hawthorn with somewhat pear-shaped fruits, esp. Crataegus calpodendron.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > thorny berry-bush > [noun] > hawthorn and allies
hawthorna700
hawthorn-treec1290
whitethorna1300
haw-treec1325
albespyne?a1425
thorn-tree1483
mespilus1548
may-branch1560
quickthorn1571
hedge-bush1576
busket1579
May-bush1579
Neapolitan medlar1597
azarole1658
pyracanth1664
white bush1676
Glastonbury thorna1697
quick1727
evergreen thorn1731
blackthorn1737
whitethorn1788
oriental medlar1797
haw1821
May-haw1840
Maythorn1844
May1848
pear thorn1848
pink thorn1852
aronia thorn1882
scarlet thorn1882
black haw1897
1822 A. Eaton Man. Bot. (ed. 3) 254 [Crataegus] pyrifolia..pear-leaf thorn.]
1848 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. 128 C[rataegus] tomentosa, L. (Black or Pear Thorn.)..fruit orange-color, or yellow marked with red, pear-shaped.
1907 R. B. Hough Handbk. Trees Northern States & Canada 257 The Pear Thorn is a very distinct species, but not of large stature.
1976 Hortus Third (L. H. Bailey Hortorium) 330/1 Crataegus..Calpodendron (J. F. Ehrh.) Medic. (C. tomentosa of auth., not L.). Blackthorn, pear t[horn].
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pear > [noun] > warden
warden-pear138.
wardena1400
pearmaina1425
pear wardena1450
palm-pear1655
French warden1664
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > warden
warden-pear138.
wardena1400
pearmaina1425
pear wardena1450
palm-pear1655
French warden1664
a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 88 (MED) Peris in compost..take pere Wardones, and pare hem, And seth hem.
1620 T. Venner Via Recta vii. 111 Peare-Wardons..are of all sorts of Peares the best and wholsomest.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > climbing, trailing, or creeping shrubs > [noun] > non-British
Paullinia1753
Pothos1754
corchorus1759
water vine1774
cobaea1805
bush-rope1814
combretum1819
kerria1823
pishamin1826
guarana1838
stephanotis1843
lapageria1849
pear-withe1864
waw-waw1864
Bougainvillaea1866
pyxie1882
pine-barren beauty1883
Madagascar jasmine1884
streptosolen1938
1864 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands 786 Pear-withe: Tanæcium Jaroba.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 855/1 Pear-withe, a West Indian name for Tanæcium Jaroba.
Derivatives
ˈpear-like adj.
ΚΠ
1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. iv. 113 A weak tree..whose fruit is of an oblong Pear-like figure.
1676 J. Cooke Mellificium Chirurg. (ed. 3) 394 The Gall-Bladder is Pear-like.
1786 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 76 291 In the middle of a glass body, of a pear-like form, about 8 inches long, and 2½ inches in its greatest diameter, I suspended a small mercurial thermometer.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Prose Wks. (1888) I. 408 Her pointed and pear-like person.
1998 N. Lawson How to Eat (1999) 245 4–6 firm pears, Williams or dessert variety which looks suitably pear-like.
ΚΠ
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Spring Fasten at the Top a very strong Loop, of about an hundred Horse-Hairs..and this Loop shall be of the just Quantity of the Hoop, made Pear-wise, as already mentioned.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
'pearv.
/pɪə/, U.S. /pɪ(ə)r/ Now regional (chiefly U.S.).† 1. intransitive. = appear v. 4. Obsolete.† 2. intransitive. = appear v. 1. Obsolete.† 3. intransitive. = appear v. 2. Obsolete.† 4. intransitive. = appear v. 9b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (intransitive)] > appear before court
appear1330
'peara1382
to go up1673
a1382 Prefatory Epist. St. Jerome in Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) i. 21 He..to a full crewel tyraunt peerid [a1425 Corpus Oxf. pered; a1425 L.V. apperyde; L. paruit].
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 123 Loke ȝe fayl for no dowte at the court to pere.
1661 in H. Paton Rothesay Parish Rec. (1931) 52 John Cernegem Elespet NcKaw both in thes peres for the first tym.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > be visible [verb (intransitive)] > appear or become visible
ariseOE
to come in (also to, on, etc.) placec1225
'peara1382
appear1382
kithea1400
to show out?a1425
muster?1435
to come forthc1449
to look outa1470
apparish1483
to show forth1487
come1531
to come out?1548
peer1568
to look through1573
glimpse1596
loom1605
rise1615
emicate1657
emike1657
present1664
opena1691
emerge1700
dawn1744
to come down the pike1812
to open out1813
to crop out1849
unmask1858
to come through1868
to show up1879
to come (etc.) out of thin air1932
surface1961
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings ix. 2 Fro þe schuldyr & abouyn he perede [a1425 Corpus Oxf. peeryde; a1425 L.V. apperide; L. eminebat] abouyn al þe puple.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 438 And Sternys wp peyr began in-to thair sycht.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lix. 204 There was not so hardy a paynym that durst pere before the castell.
1568 T. Howell Newe Sonets (1879) 153 When Primrose gan to peare, on Medows bancke so green.
1594 H. Plat Jewell House 91 One inch of the neck [of the viol] only to peer aboue ye ashes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. vii. 83 For yet a many of your horsemen peere, And gallop ore the field. View more context for this quotation
1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. B7 They 'pear and then are hid.
1756 J. Home Douglas (1757) ii. 28 Darkly a project peers upon my mind.
1850 J. S. Blackie tr. Æschylus Lyrical Dramas II. 124 I spy the ship; too gallantly it peers To cheat mine eye.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > be visible [verb (intransitive)] > appear or become visible > of spirits or angels
appearc1250
'pearc1400
manifest1858
c1400 ( Canticum Creatione l. 866 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 135 (MED) An angel perede to hem anon.
c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora 440 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 111 Þane god..gert til hyme ane angele pere.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > evident certainty > be self-evident [verb (intransitive)]
'pear1463
to answer for itself1570
speak1689
to speak for itself1779
show1901
1463 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 151 (MED) He owyth my mastyr ffor vij horssis mete..as itt peryth be Thomas Howys bokys tresorere.
1623 Althorp MS in J. N. Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) App. p. xlviii To the shepard at Elkington for moying, making, and ining all the hay..as peares by his bill 17 03 08.
5. intransitive. = appear v. 10a, 10b.Esp. in representations of African-American speech.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > have (specific) appearance [verb (intransitive)] > seem
thinkeOE
beseem?c1225
semblec1325
show1340
supposea1393
appeara1425
resemble?a1425
think1425
seem1570
'pear1851
1851 E. Bennett Rosalie Du Pont xix. 88 It 'pears to me, now I think on't, I could eat a cat's hide, with all the hair on.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xxvi. 105 Lor, it's so hard to be good! 'Pears like I an't used to it, no ways!
1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It lxi. 439 He never ketched a rat in his life—'peared to be above it.
1900 Pall Mall Mag. Apr. 439 An' you 'peared so onrestful an' wisht that I was gwaine to wake 'e.
1955 Z. Grey Black Mesa i. 11 Wal, boss, you don't 'pear powerful curious.
1997 M. Maron Up Jumps Devil (Electronic text) x. 100 'Pears to me you don't like her much, do you, honey?
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.OE
v.a1382