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单词 peck
释义

peckn.1

Brit. /pɛk/, U.S. /pɛk/
Forms: Middle English pyk, Middle English–1500s pek, Middle English–1500s peke, Middle English–1500s pekke, Middle English–1600s pecke, Middle English– peck, 1500s pec, 1500s peike, 1600s pack (probably transmission error), 1600s peake; also Scottish pre-1700 pec, pre-1700 pecc, pre-1700 pece (transmission error), pre-1700 peclkis (plural), pre-1700 pect, pre-1700 peek, pre-1700 peicke, pre-1700 peik, pre-1700 pek, pre-1700 peke, pre-1700 pyik.
Origin: Probably either (i) a borrowing from French. Or perhaps (ii) formed within English, by conversion; perhaps modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: French pek , peck v.1
Etymology: Probably < Anglo-Norman pek, pec, pekke, pekk unit of capacity for dry goods (c1240), of uncertain origin; post-classical Latin pecca , peccum a dry measure (frequently from 1308 in British sources), vessel of this capacity (1338, 1393 in British sources) are probably from Anglo-Norman; perhaps related to Old French, Middle French picotin (French picotin ) a small measure of oats (the fourth part of a boisseau), allotted food (for horses) (13th cent.; compare Old Occitan picot , picotin (14th cent.), Franco-Provençal picote a measure of wine (1385; also: ‘a liquid measure’ more generally)), which is also of uncertain origin, perhaps < picoter to prick repeatedly, to peck (see picotee n.), although this is first attested later. Alternatively, the present word may be < peck v.1 (although this is first attested later than Anglo-Norman pek ), perhaps influenced by Old French, Middle French picotin (with the semantic development compare also peck n.3 1). Compare also post-classical Latin picotinus (in undated French texts in Du Cange), post-classical Latin picotus , picota a liquid measure (13th cent.), and perhaps also post-classical Latin pecia (see piece n.).It is uncertain whether examples such as the following are to be interpreted as showing the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word:1296–7 in L. M. Midgley Ministers' Accts. Earldom of Cornwall (1942) I. 89 De quibus [sc. oats] computat in semine..super acram 2 ½ buss. et 1 peck plus seminatur in toto.1352 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1882) I. 236 Et cuilibet leproso unum pek frumenti et unum denarium.1352 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 150 j peck [of straw].a1377 (a1307) in S. R. Scargill-Bird Custumals Battle Abbey (1887) 14 Et debet cariare j ambram, j bussellum, et pek salis. Also, in sense 1a:1296 Acct. Rolls Great Amwell in Middle Eng. Dict. at Pek(ke i peck de Lingno.1312–13 in W. Hudson Leet Jurisdict. Norwich (1892) 60 Emit avenam antequam venit ad forum et..similiter vendit per pekkes que non sunt mensure Domini Regis.1352 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 150 j pecke [bound with iron]. Earlier currency is perhaps implied by the surname Richard Pecke (1187).
1.
a. A vessel having a capacity of one peck. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measuring instrument > [noun] > for measuring volume > measuring vessels > vessel of standard capacity > for measuring specific standard quantity
peck1381
bushelc1384
firlot1573
1381 in L. Morsbach Mittelengl. Originalurkunden (1923) 4 (MED) Jtem ii..bossheles feble and ii peckes of stre.
?a1450 in W. G. Benham Oath Bk. Colchester (1907) 3 Ye schall enquere..if there be any withyn ihis [read this] Burgh..that occupie ij mesurs, that is to sey a gret mesur to bye with, and a lesser to sel with, whetir it be busshell, halffe busshell, or pekke.
1565 in M. A. Havinden Househ. & Farm Inventories Oxfordshire (1965) 54 One wodde pecke & malt Syves.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iii. v. 103 Next to be compass'd like a good Bilbo in the circumference of a Pecke [1602 pack], hilt to point, heele to head. View more context for this quotation
a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 115 Yow must take a spade and a pecke,..and goe twice a day to the Aunthills..take up moules and alltogeather and putte into the pecke.
?1705 E. Hickeringill Vindic. Char. Priest-craft 20 Can a Peck [c]ontain all the Water in the Sea?
1790 T. Jefferson Public Papers ix. 403 The measures to be made for use, being four sided, with rectangular sides and bottom... The peck 6.9. and 10 inches.
1878 J. Mackintosh Hist. Civilization Scotl. I. xi. 458 In 1492 three men were put in the pillory..for having pecks of too small measure.
b. In the Isle of Man: a receptacle for storing oatcakes. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > container for food > [noun] > basket > for oatcakes
peck1845
1845 J. Train Hist. & Statist. Acct. Isle of Man II. xvi. 134 It is yet customary to keep in the room where the woman is confined, a peck..heaped with oaten cakes and cheese, of which all visitors..partake.
1887 H. Caine Deemster I. iii. 35 The bread-basket known as the ‘peck’.
1894 H. Caine Manxman 32 The peck, the parchment oat-cake pan.
1903 S. Morison in Eng. Dial. Dict. IV. Peck [Isle of Man], a wooden hoop, about 3 or 4 inches deep, and about 20 inches in diameter, covered with a sheep's skin, and resembling the head of a drum, it is used to keep oaten cakes in.
2.
a. A unit of capacity for dry goods equal to a quarter of a bushel, now equivalent (in Britain) to two imperial gallons (approx. 9.09 litres) or (in the U.S.) to eight dry quarts (approx. 8.81 litres).Formerly also varying according to place and to the commodity measured.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > dry measure > specific dry measure units > peck
peckc1405
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 90 The Millere sholde noght stelen hem half a pekke Of corn by sleighte.
1425 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 187 In þe botrie and pantrie..miij pekkes of Flour fyn.
1464 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 545 (MED) Paid for a pekke of otemelle, iij d.
1534 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) II. 210 They [sc. Irish lords] toke a pecke of ootes of every plough in the sede tyme, called the greatte horse, or chefe horsis pecke.
1603 in A. M. Munro Rec. Old Aberdeen (1899) I. 33 That na darer draiff be sauld..nor four d. ilk pect.
1708 E. Arwaker Truth in Fiction iii. xx. 220 A Friend..Ask'd his old Neighbour how the Market went; What Rate a Peck of Wheat, or Rye, did bear?
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Gallon In Liquids two Pottles..make one Gallon..But in dry Measure, two Gallons, which is six Pottles, make one Peck.
1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 272 Nine imperial pecks to the statute acre, of good and clean Riga seed.
1861 H. A. Jacobs Incidents Life Slave Girl ix. 72 If a slave stole from him even a pound of meat or a peck of corn,..he was put in chains and imprisoned.
1967 R. Brautigan Trout Fishing in Amer. (1972) 14 Take a peck of flour and six pounds of butter boiled in a gallon of water.
2001 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. Sentinel (Nexis) 13 Feb. 5 b Often, when someone couldn't pay, they would drop off..some fresh eggs or a peck of potatoes as payment.
b. In various proverbial expressions, esp. one must eat a peck of dirt before one dies and variants: there are many hardships to be endured in one's lifetime.
ΚΠ
1603 T. Dekker et al. Patient Grissill sig. A3v I thinke I shall not eate a pecke of salt: I shall not liue long sure.
a1628 J. Carmichaell Coll. Prov. in Scots (1957) No. 587 God send na war nor a peck of meale for a plak.
1710 S. Palmer Moral Ess. Prov. lxxix. 221 (title) Every man must eat a peck of dirt in his life!
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 23 You must eat a Peck of Dirt before you dye.
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) (at cited word) ‘To measure to another a peck out of one's own bushel’, to think or treat others like himself.
1862 A. Hislop Prov. Scotl. 31 Before ye choose a friend eat a peck o' saut with him.
1901 Daily Chron. 23 Aug. 5/2 ‘A dry summer never made a dear peck’, says an old weather proverb.
1957 J. Braine Room at Top (1960) 184 The sunbeams [need] a suggestion of that dust which, whether we came from it or not, we all eat a peck of before we die.
2002 Washington Post (Nexis) 19 Nov. f2 My dad said quietly, ‘A child needs a peck of dirt a year to grow.’
c. = peck-swarm n. at Compounds. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > swarm of bees > such as would fill a peck
peck-swarm1623
peck1712
1712 J. Warder True Amazons 39 Put a Swarm of Bees of a Peck, in May, into a Hive of Glass.
1712 J. Warder True Amazons 81 One Peck of Bees in one Hive, will get much more Honey than two half Pecks will do in two Hives.
d. English regional. A liquid measure equal to two gallons. Obsolete (historical in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > liquid measure of capacity > specific units of liquid measure > gallon > two gallons
peck1805
barn-gallon1858
1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 70 Tom and Ned..drank a Peck o' Punch.
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. (at cited word) Peck is a measure of liquids = two gals. ‘I do hear how Farmer Burge is zillin' o' very good cider vor a shillin' a peck.’
1930 H. Williamson Village Bk. 244 A peck was two gallons, carried to the harvestfield in a hand keg, or firkin.
3. A measure of land; (Scottish) a measure of land equal to three acres (approx. 1.214 hectares). In later use more generally: a plot of land, a small allotment. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > other units of land measure
wandalec1150
wista1200
landc1400
ridge1439
peck1442
scrophec1450
buttc1460
rig1485
mark1488
stick1531
farthingdeal1543
plough-gang1548
quarterland1563
ploughgate1565
last1576
wand1596
ox-skin1610
garbred1621
plank1631
nooka1634
buttal1635
farthinga1640
rick1641
familia1676
rhandir1688
setiera1690
worthine1701
fierding1768
whip-land1811
rai1933
1442 Rolls of Parl. V. 59/1 Purveied also, that William Paston, Robert Clere, and Esmond Clere..have and hold to hem..xxxvi acris and an half, ix perchys, a quarter and an half of a perche, and a pek of Londe, Pasture, Hethe and Maresse, callid Copie holde..in recompense of xxxvi acris and a half, xxvi perchis and a half, half a quarter of a perche, half a pek and a nayle of Londe, Pasture and Hethe.
1553 in J. M. Bestall & D. V. Fowkes Chesterfield Wills & Inventories 1521–1603 (1977) 49 20 sheep of those now in the peike to his wife Margery.
1641 in W. Macgill Old Ross-shire & Scotl. (1909) I. 296 [Mackenzie of Redcastle pays £1000 for the] lands and grising [ed. guising] of Kasscha Kassachin extending to ane peck of land.
1655 Retour in T. Thomson Inquisitionum (1811) I. Ross & Cromarty §108 6 pekes of land within the Chanonry of Ross.
1681 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1820) VIII. 295/2 The disposition..off all and sundrie these four pecks of land of the lands lyand betuixt the Chanonrie of Ros and Burgh of Rosmarkie.
1810 A. Porteous Hist. Crieff (1912) 167 The pecks were small plots of land on the outskirts of the village which were rented by the villagers, and on which they grew various kinds of crops.
1845 Statist. Accts. Scotl. X. 507 The pecks are patches of lands, containing each a fourteenth part of an acre, which are regularly let to the inhabitants at a yearly rent.
1881 D. Macara Crieff I. 241 The people generally took to working in their gardens and ‘pecks’.
4. A considerable quantity or number; a great deal, a heap, a lot. Chiefly in a peck of trouble(s).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > (a) great quantity or amount
felec825
muchc1230
good wone1297
plentyc1300
bushelc1374
sight1390
mickle-whata1393
forcea1400
manynessa1400
multitudea1400
packc1400
a good dealc1430
greata1450
sackful1484
power1489
horseloadc1500
mile1508
lump1523
a deal?1532
peckc1535
heapa1547
mass1566
mass1569
gallon1575
armful1579
cart-load1587
mickle1599
bushelful1600–12
a load1609
wreck1612
parisha1616
herd1618
fair share1650
heapa1661
muchness1674
reams1681
hantle1693
mort1694
doll?1719
lift1755
acre1759
beaucoup1760
ton1770
boxload1795
boatload1807
lot1811
dollop1819
swag1819
faggald1824
screed1826
Niagara1828
wad1828
lashings1829
butt1831
slew1839
ocean1840
any amount (of)1848
rake1851
slather1857
horde1860
torrent1864
sheaf1865
oodlesa1867
dead load1869
scad1869
stack1870
jorum1872
a heap sight1874
firlot1883
oodlings1886
chunka1889
whips1888
God's quantity1895
streetful1901
bag1917
fid1920
fleetful1923
mob1927
bucketload1930
pisspot1944
shitload1954
megaton1957
mob-o-ton1975
gazillion1978
buttload1988
shit ton1991
c1535 in Archaeologia (1834) 25 97 The said George..told hym that Mr. More was in a pecke of troubles.
1592 Arden of Feversham l. 1040 Me thinks I see them..Insulting ore there with a peck of oathes.
a1625 J. Fletcher Womans Prize (1647) iii. v. 112 Run for a Physitian, And a whole peck of Pothecaries, Pedro.
1664 J. Scudamore Homer a la Mode 2 Did bring upon the Græcians, double Foure or five hundred pecks of trouble.
1729 J. Swift Let. to Bolingbroke 5 Apr. in Lett. Dr. Swift (1741) 102 There may be an equal quantity of virtues always in the world, but sometimes there may be a peck of it in Asia.
1780 J. Woodforde Diary 19 Sept. (1924) I. 291 Will was in a Peck of troubles about it.
1811 Ld. Byron Let. 9 Sept. (1973) II. 94 Poor Murray is ill again, & one of my Greek servants is ill too, & my valet has got a pestilent cough, so that we are in a peck of troubles.
1896 ‘Iota’ Quaker Grandmother 283 Either she's mad or in a peck of trouble, to come..in this rig-up.
1971 Language 47 525 They audited it and I got into a peck of trouble.
1988 K. Amis Difficulties with Girls ii. 16 Breasts had brought Jenny a peck of trouble over the years.

Compounds

peck bag n. a bag holding a peck of something.
ΚΠ
1452 in J. T. Gilbert Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 275 Ther was acordet..that all men and women that wold bryng peke bages behaluys to the market of whete, berr, otemalte....excepte otis; of every peke whete, a ferthing the costom; every peke berr, a farthing the costom, [etc.].
1994 Afr. Amer. Hist. Rev. 28 634/2 Two fat, thick-necked officers had tossed me, like a peck bag of potatoes, into the back of their patrol car and driven across the tracks.
2001 Providence (Rhode Island) Journal-Bulletin (Nexis) 21 Sept. c1 People can buy a half-bushel bag for $15 or a peck bag for $8.
peck-loaf n. now historical a loaf of bread made from a peck of flour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun] > loaves of specific weight
peck-loafa1627
quartern loaf?1711
assize loaf1762
prized loaf1762
quartern1843
four-pounder1855
sixer1877
a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) iv. 58 I never durst eat Oysters, nor cut peck loaves.
1773 F. Gentleman Pantheonites i. i. 3 I was the means of lifting up the peck loaf two-pence last week.
1806 T. S. Surr Winter in London I. viii. 196 The lord mayor ordered the price of bread to be raised one penny in the peck-loaf.
1959 Hist. Jrnl. 2 10 Unfortunately the price of the wheaten peck-loaf (17lb. 6oz.), quoted daily at the Assize of Bread in London, is not given for this period.
peck-swarm n. Obsolete a swarm of bees that fills a hive of the size of a peck; cf. sense 2c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > swarm of bees > such as would fill a peck
peck-swarm1623
peck1712
1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) v. sig. Liv All pecke-swarmes, and other single swarmes after Mid-Cancer [are fitted] with the least, or halfe-bushell-hiue.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

peckn.2

Brit. /pɛk/, U.S. /pɛk/
Forms: late Middle English peckke, late Middle English–1500s pekke, 1700s– peck, 1900s– pack (English regional (Surrey)); also Scottish pre-1700 pek.
Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: peak n.2, pick n.1
Etymology: Apparently originally a variant (with short vowel) of peak n.2 In some instances in later use (especially in sense 2) perhaps a variant of pick n.1 Compare Middle Dutch pecke pickaxe, pointed implement. Compare later pecked adj.2With sense 2 compare also γ forms s.v. pickaxe n. For rhyme evidence perhaps indicating that peak n.2 could be pronounced with a shortened vowel in the late 17th cent. see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. § 116 note 2.
Now regional.
1. A projecting point, a peak. Also: a wedge-shaped piece of land, esp. at the corner of a field. Now English regional (chiefly south-west midlands).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > fact or condition of tapering > condition of tapering to a point > [noun] > a point
pointc1300
neb?a1425
peakc1450
peck1481
cag1604
sharp1633
acuminate1640
cuspis1646
cusp1647
acumination1651
nib1713
spit-point1796
1481 in J. P. Collier Househ. Bks. John Duke of Norfolk & Thomas Earl of Surrey (1844) 139 For ij. coschyn clothis with peckkes xxiiij.s.
1884 Upton-on-Severn Gloss. Peck, a point (peak): ‘The peck of the shou'der’.
1890 J. D. Robertson Gloss. Words County of Gloucester 110 Peck, the point of a horse's shoulder.
1987 S. Stewart Lifting Latch iii. 30 About four yards from the peck there were a telegraph pole.
2. Any of various pointed implements, esp. an axe, scythe, or pickaxe. Now English regional (midlands and southern), U.S. regional, and Caribbean.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > digging or lifting tools > [noun] > pick
mattockeOE
pickaxe1256
billc1325
pikec1330
pickc1350
peak1454
picker1481
peck1485
beele1671
pix1708
tramp-pick1813
jackass pick1874
mad mick1919
the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > harvesting equipment > [noun] > reaping tools > scythe
scythec725
lea1483
sheathea1660
peck1784
scythe-hook1844
shear1887
1485 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 72 Gonne hamurs..iij, Gonne pekkes..viij.
1544 in F. Collins Wills & Admin. Knaresborough Court Rolls (1902) I. 47 One Carlille axe, one pekke.
1640 in D. Forbes & C. Innes Acct. Familie Innes (1864) 166 Pekis.
1784 Ann. Agric. 2 50 (Essex) They cut their beans with a tool they call a peck, being a short handled scythe for one hand, and a hook for the other.
1807 A. Young Gen. View Agric. Essex I. v. 163 The Flemish scythe is used in Foulness for cutting beans: it is called a bean peck.
1884 Upton-on-Severn Gloss. Pick, or Peck, (1) A pick-axe;..(2) A pointed hammer for breaking coal.
1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. 114 Peck, a heading knife, used by fishermen.
1974 House of Assembly (Barbados) Deb. (Official Rep.) 4153 I have seen people in St James with pecks and hoes digging away some of the earth and the water will go into the sea.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

peckn.3

Brit. /pɛk/, U.S. /pɛk/
Forms: 1500s pekke, 1500s–1600s pecke, 1600s– peck; also Scottish 1900s– paeck (Shetland), 1900s– paek (Shetland), 1900s– pekk (Shetland).
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: peck v.1
Etymology: < peck v.1With peck right compare peck order n. and earlier pecking order n.
1. slang (originally cant). Food, ‘grub’; provisions; (in later use also as a count noun) a bite of food, a snack. peck and perch n. board and lodging. peck and tipple n. (also peck and booze) meat and drink.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > [noun]
meateOE
eatOE
foodOE
fodderOE
dietc1230
gista1290
victual1303
victualsa1375
preya1382
feedinga1398
pasturea1398
viancea1400
viandsc1400
livingc1405
meatingc1425
vitalyc1440
vianda1450
cates1461
vivers1536
viandry1542
viander1543
gut-matter1549
peck1567
belly-cheer1579
appast1580
manchet1583
chat1584
belly-metal1590
repasture1598
cibaries1599
belly-timber1607
belly-cheat1608
peckage1610
victuallage1622
keeping1644
vivresa1650
crib1652
prog1655
grub1659
beef1661
fooding1663
teething1673
eatablea1687
sunket1686
yam1788
chow-chow1795
keep1801
feed1818
grubbing1819
patter1824
ninyam1826
nyam1828
grubbery1831
tack1834
kai1845
mungaree1846
scoff1846
foodstuff1847
chuck1850
muckamuck1852
tuck1857
tucker1858
hash1865
nosh1873
jock1879
cake flour1881
chow1886
nosebag1888
stodge1890
food aid1900
tackle1900
munga1907
scarf1932
grubber1959
1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) Peddelars Frenche sig. Giiii She hath a Cacling chete, a grunting chete, ruff pecke, cassan, and popplarr of yarum.
1610 S. Rid Martin Mark-all sig. F Wap and treine for me, A gere peck in thy gan.
1652 R. Brome Joviall Crew ii. sig. F3 Here, safe in our Skipper, let's cly off our Peck.
1706 S. Centlivre Basset-table Prol. Poor House-keeping, where Peck is under Locks.
1729 C. Coffey Beggar's Wedding iii. ii Grig. Well met, my Friends, I see ye're punctual to a Minute. Cant. Always, Brother Grigg, when there's a Peck and Bouze in the Case.
1771 D. Garrick Let. 9 May (1963) II. 739 I am tight in my Limbs..& my belly is as big as Ever—I cannot quit Peck & Booze... What's Life without Sack & Sugar!
1828 Lights & Shades Eng. Life II. 206 What's peck and perch, and a pound a-week?
1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iv. vii. 218 The serving of the ‘peck’ was the affair of a moment.
1893 Kennel Gaz. Aug. 221/2 He [sc. a dog] wants a little more peck.
1958 L. Hughes & A. Bontemps Negro Folklore 486 My girl lays some pecks!
1974 P. Wright Lang. Brit. Industry vi. 59 Food becomes..peck, snap..and contrasts oddly with officialese.
1992 J. Torrington Swing Hammer Swing! viii. 70 My, it's been a long while since I had a peck of salmon!
2. The impression or mark made by pecking; a prick, a hole; a dot; a slight surface injury.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > condition or fact of receding > [noun] > action of making indentation > an indentation on a surface > small indentation
peck1591
pit1758
1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Picado A pricke, a pecke, morsus, punctura.
1676 J. Beaumont in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 11 727 These [Trochites] have also a small peck in the middle making but very little impression in the stone, and seldom passing through it.
1735 W. Pardon Dyche's New Gen. Eng. Dict. (at cited word) A little Hole made in Fruit as it hangs upon the Trees, is called a Bird Peck.
1797 Encycl. Brit. VI. 671/1 In engraving the flesh, the effect may be produced in the lighter parts and middle tints by long pecks of the graver, rather than by light lines.
1852 J. Wiggins Pract. Embanking Lands 15 Raising a bank of great bulk, turfing or gravelling the sea face, and mending every little ‘peck’ or injury as it occurs.
1994 Wood & Wood Products (Nexis) July 244 The character markings may include tight knots, worm holes, bird pecks, swirls, burls and other grain irregularities.
2002 Leicester Mercury (Nexis) 19 Oct. 27 Apples with small scabs, healed bird pecks and those ever-so-tiny wasp punctures are generally safe from rotting.
3.
a. An act of pecking; a blow struck by a bird with the beak. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > actions or bird defined by > [noun] > pecking
billingc1440
peckinga1450
peck1611
beaking1706
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Becquade, a pecke, iob, or bob with a beake.
1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue at Mumble a sparrow A man..attempts to bite off a sparrow's head, but is generally obliged to desist, by the many pecks and pinches he receives from the enraged bird.
1824 M. R. Mitford Our Village I. 34 The robin red-breast and the wren..would stop for two pecks.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House lvi. 539 Hovering over her kinsman's letters and papers, like a bird; taking a short peck at this document.
1859 M. Napier Mem. Life Visct. Dundee I. ii. 314 Argyle's..audacious but feeble peck at the throne in Scotland.
1916 F. Morton Verses for Marjorie 12 I caught a Roc Bird once. Its peck Gave me a crick right in my neck.
1934 E. Pound Cantos (1972) 696 Rats' gnaws, and bird's pecks.
1990 H. Thurston Tidal Life 110/3 I began to notice small groups of birds..occasionally stabbing the water with precise pecks.
b. A light or perfunctory kiss. Frequently a peck on the cheek.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > kiss > [noun] > snappy kiss
peck1849
cheeper1871
1849 C. Dickens David Copperfield (1850) iv. 36 Miss Murdstone gave her a kind of peck on the cheek, which was her nearest approach to a kiss.
1893 E. Saltus Madam Sapphira 84 Bending toward his wife he received from that lady a rapid and noiseless peck.
1937 V. Woolf Years 87 She bent down and gave her mother the little perfunctory peck that was the only sign they ever gave each other outwardly of their affection.
1995 I. Rankin Let it Bleed (1996) xix. 148 They kissed the way friends did, a peck on the cheek, a hand on the shoulder.

Compounds

peck alley n. slang the throat.
ΚΠ
1864 J. C. Hotten Slang Dict. (new ed.) 198 Peck-alley, the throat.
1935 A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 86/2 Peck alley, the throat (eckpay alleyay).
peck-right n. Animal Behaviour the precedence which allows birds of a higher status to attack those of a lower status without retaliation (cf. pecking order n. 1).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > actions or bird defined by > [noun] > pecking order
peck-right1931
1931 W. C. Allee Animal Aggregations xix. 344 Hens with this power [of pecking inferiors] are said to have the ‘peck-right’ over those submitting to the pecking.
1954 J. M. M. Fisher & R. M. Lockley Sea-birds vii. 170 There is [among gulls], as in domestic hens, a definite order of precedence, or peck-right.
1975 Evolution 29 601/2 A peck-right hierarchy exists.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

peckn.4

Brit. /pɛk/, U.S. /pɛk/
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: peckerwood n.
Etymology: Shortened < peckerwood n., although this is first attested slightly later in the corresponding sense.
U.S. (originally and chiefly in African-American usage). depreciative.
= peckerwood n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > white person > [noun] > poor white person
cracker1766
poor white1781
dirt-eater1802
sand-hiller1848
piney-woods cracker1872
piney-wood tacky1888
tacky1888
peck1924
peckerwood1928
trailer trash1943
pecker1966
1924 W. F. White Fire in Flint xvi. 220 Stewart, a big, raw-boned, and lanky ‘Cracker’ or ‘Peck’ as they are called by Negroes in the South, was going to inspect the cotton crops of his tenant-farmers.
1946 M. Mezzrow & B. Wolfe Really Blues 178 In a scrape with the pecks down in Memphis or Little Rock.
1969 C. Brown in A. Chapman New Black Voices (1972) 183 A poor white peck will cuss. A poor white peck will cuss worse'n a nigger. I am talking about white men who ain't poor like them pecks.
1999 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 14 Nov. j5 The blacks agreed to quit calling us ‘white pecks’ and ‘peckerwoods’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

peckv.1

Brit. /pɛk/, U.S. /pɛk/
Forms: Middle English pech, Middle English pekke, Middle English–1600s pecke, Middle English–1600s pek, Middle English– peck; also Scottish 1800s paik, 1900s– paek (Shetland).
Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: pick v.1
Etymology: Apparently originally a variant of pick v.1 Compare Middle Dutch pecken (early modern Dutch pekken ; variant of picken : see pick v.1).In sense 2d probably after peck n.3 3b.
I. To take, gather, acquire.
1. transitive. to peck mood: to become angry, incensed, or enraged. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (intransitive)] > become angry
wrethec900
wrothc975
abelghec1300
to move one's blood (also mood)c1330
to peck moodc1330
gremec1460
to take firea1513
fumec1522
sourdc1540
spitec1560
to set up the heckle1601
fire1604
exasperate1659
to fire up1779
to flash up1822
to get one's dander up1831
to fly (occasionally jump, etc.) off (at) the handle1832
to have (also get) one's monkey up1833
to cut up rough, rusty, savage1837
rile1837
to go off the handle1839
to flare up1840
to set one's back up1845
to run hot1855
to wax up1859
to get one's rag out1862
blow1871
to get (also have) the pricker1871
to turn up rough1872
to get the needle1874
to blaze up1878
to get wet1898
spunk1898
to see red1901
to go crook1911
to get ignorant1913
to hit the ceiling1914
to hit the roof1921
to blow one's top1928
to lose one's rag1928
to lose one's haira1930
to go up in smoke1933
hackle1935
to have, get a cob on1937
to pop (also blow) one's cork1938
to go hostile1941
to go sparec1942
to do one's bun1944
to lose one's wool1944
to blow one's stack1947
to go (also do) one's (also a) dingerc1950
rear1953
to get on ignorant1956
to go through the roof1958
to keep (also blow, lose) one's cool1964
to lose ita1969
to blow a gasket1975
to throw a wobbler1985
c1330 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Auch.) 53 in Englische Studien (1885) 8 116 (MED) Richard was wroþ & peched mod & loked as he wer wode.
c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) 129 (MED) Som squier..Had itold þemperice..hire schildre scolde be bastards..Þan couþe sche boþe qued an god, And sone sche gan to pekke [v.r. thynke] mod.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 4347 (MED) Or þei twynned þens, þei pekkid moode.
a1500 (?a1400) Firumbras (1935) 1290 (MED) The by-gan golfagor for to pekke mod; he went an hax in hys hond, as a man that were wood.
a1500 (a1450) Partonope of Blois (BL Add.) (1912) 10563 (MED) Partonope herwith mode gan pekke; Fersely to þe saresyne ranne he þo.
II. To strike with the beak and related senses.
2.
a. transitive. Of a bird: to strike with the beak; to indent or pierce by striking in this way. Also in extended use. to peck out: to put or pluck out by pecking.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > typing > type [verb (transitive)]
to peck outa1382
pound1865
write1874
typewrite1887
type1888
tickle1926
to tap out1952
the world > animals > birds > actions or bird defined by > [verb (transitive)] > peck
beak?c1225
pecka1382
to pick at ——a1449
bill1496
stock1653
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) : Prov. (Bodl. 959) xxx. 17 Þe eȝe þat scorneþ þe fader, & þat dispiseþ þe birþe of his moder, pecken hym out [a1425 L.V. picke out; L. effodiant] crowis of the stremes.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 266 Þe rauen fleeþ aboue þe asse and fondeþ wiþ his bile to pekke out [L. tangere] his yhen.
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 71v She flieth and flacketh about his eies and face, and pecketh and scratcheth out his eien.
1584 W. Averell Dyall for Dainty Darlings sig. Ciii Pellicanes younglings, who after theyr mother hath brought them vppe to some bygnesse, beginne to strike and pecke her in the face.
1607 T. Dekker Whore of Babylon l. 1885 Birdes..He taught to pecke the tender blossomes off, To spoyle the leauy trees.
1690 J. Dryden Don Sebastian i. i. 14 These..Parrots peck the fairest Fruit.
1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia I. ii. 13 The birds peck the berries or the corn.
1792 W. Cowper Pairing Time in Speaker (new ed.) ii. xxiv. 69 Soon evry father bird and mother Grew quarrelsome, and peck'd each other.
1821 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 18 Aug. 4/2 Upon these eggs he continued to hatch.., pecking violently any thing that was thrust into his sty to disturb him.
1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies vii. 268 All the other scaul-crows set upon her, and pecked her to death.
1911 F. H. Burnett Secret Garden iv He hopped about and pecked the earth briskly, looking for seeds and insects.
1984 B. Breytenbach Mouroir 95 The birds only peck out the eyes of the people.
2002 U.S. News & World Rep. 6 May 8/3 The dog's nose shot into the flowers and was promptly pecked by an angry mallard hen.
b. intransitive. Of a bird: to strike at something or someone with the beak. Cf. sense 5a. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > actions or bird defined by > [verb (intransitive)] > peck
billc1220
beak?c1225
pecka1398
joba1500
neba1819
peggle1854
stock1893
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 265v If þe asse haue oþer a wounde oþer a scabbe..þe sparwes lepeþ on þe asse and pekkeþ [L. pungunt] wiþ here biles in þe woundes or in þe sores.
a1500 Ancrene Riwle (Royal) 11 Þe bakbiter chewiþ manes flesch on þe friday & pekkiþ [c1230 Corpus Cambr. beakeð; a1400 Pepys pykeþ] with his blake byll on quike men..as he þat is þe deuyles ra-vyne of hell.
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 71v They neuer leaue off pecking til they haue made it verie sore.
1588 R. Greene Pandosto sig. D4 He that striueth against Loue,..with the Cockeatrice pecketh against the steele.
1606 J. Hind Eliosto Libidinoso i. sig. D3 Wilt thou with the Woolfe barke at the Moone, or with the yong Griphons peck against the starres?
1683 R. Duke tr. Plutarch Life Theseus in J. Dryden et al. tr. Plutarch Lives I. 59 He..spy'd an Eagle upon a rising ground pecking..with her Beak, and tearing up the Earth with her Talons.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 15 They peck and combat with their claws.
1798 M. Wollstonecraft Wrongs of Woman II. x. 25 I could have kissed the chickens that pecked on the common.
a1876 T. Aird Poet. Wks. (1878) vi. 444 With helpless wings they beat The ground, and came and fiercely pecked, fluttering o'er Miriam's feet.
1906 J. London White Fang ii. iv. 94 She [sc. the ptarmigan] pecked on his nose, which by now..was sore.
1986 P. L. Fermor Between Woods & Water iii. 45 Poultry, loosed from their travelling coop, pecked about in the dust.
c. transitive. To make (a hole, etc.) by striking with the beak. Cf. pick v.1
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (transitive)] > make hole by pecking
peck1757
1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. IV. 20 A pelican, which almost every three or four months, pecks a hole in its breast, as it were to let itself blood.
1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. iii. xxix. 431 The beetle..lies sprawling upon his back; until the little tit-mouse comes, pecks a hole in his side.
1842 T. Zadock Hist. Vermont iii. 93 They do some injury by pecking holes in the bark.
1909 W. D. Howells Seven Eng. Cities 46 The gigantic windows suffered from the depredations of the mistaken birds which pecked holes in the joints of their panes.
1986 J. Cox Spirit of Gardening 34 Robins are the worst culprits, slashing the fruit with their beaks and pecking holes in every cherry.
d. transitive. To kiss in a perfunctory manner; to give a peck to (peck n.3 3b).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > kiss > [verb (transitive)] > kiss perfunctorily
peck1895
1895 Scribner's Mag. Nov. 631/1 His lips pecked the baby's cheek.
1908 E. M. Forster Room with View i. vii. 120 Miss Bartlett pecked her smartly on both cheeks, wished her good-night, and sent her to her own room.
1915 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Island iii. 23 Marilla, brusque and tearless, pecked Anne's cheek and said she supposed they'd hear from her when she got settled.
1969 New Yorker 11 Oct. 53/1 They pecked the hostess farewell.
1997 ‘Q’ Deadmeat 182 Bones pecked Melanie on the lips.
3. transitive. Of a bird: to pick up with the beak, esp. in small amounts at a time. Frequently with up. Also (occasionally) intransitive. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > actions or bird defined by > [verb (transitive)] > peck > take food in small pieces
peckc1390
picka1400
discuss1802
the world > animals > birds > actions or bird defined by > [verb (intransitive)] > peck > take food in small pieces
peck1798
c1390 G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale 4157 Of herbe yue growyng in oure yerd ther merye is, Pekke [v.rr. pek, peke, pikke, pike] hem vp right as they growe and ete hem in.
a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Spanish Gipsie (1653) ii. sig. C2v Graine peckd up after graine, makes Pullen fat.
1669 F. Vernon in A. Lang Valet's Trag. (1903) 51 I fear you can peck but little satisfaction out of it.
1751 F. Coventry Hist. Pompey the Little i. ix. 83 He had seen with his own Eyes..the Magpy's Head chopt off..for daring to peck a Piece of Plumb-cake that laid in the Window, without Permission.
1798 Sporting Mag. 11 220 The pigeon..is still alive, and pecks as well as usual.
1804 J. Grahame Sabbath 460 Where little birds..Light on the floor, and peck the table-crumbs.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xii. 101 Pecking up her food quite harmless and successful.
1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect Long Life II. 324 The fowls were left to peck up anything they might find.
1913 D. H. Lawrence Sons & Lovers vi. 128 Miriam let the bird peck from her hand... ‘It doesn't hurt, does it?’
1984 A. Brink Wall of Plague I. 166 Small clusters of pigeons were pecking crumbs from the paving stones.
4. transitive and intransitive. colloquial (originally cant). Of a person or (rarely) †an animal: to eat, to feed; (also) to eat sparingly or reluctantly (cf. sense 5c).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eat [verb (intransitive)]
eatc825
to break breadeOE
baitc1386
feeda1387
to take one's repast?1490
to take repast1517
repast1520
peck?1536
diet1566
meat1573
victual1577
graze1579
manger1609
to craw it1708
grub1725
scoff1798
browse1818
provender1819
muckamuck1853
to put on the nosebag1874
refect1882
restaurate1882
nosh1892
tucker1903
to muck in1919
scarf1960
snack1972
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (intransitive)] > nibble or gnaw
gnawa1382
bitec1386
knabble1580
nibble1582
nib1585
knapple1611
nab1630
moup1710
chumble1821
naggle1824
peck1824
?1536 R. Copeland Hye Way to Spyttell Hous sig. Eiiiv Thou shalt pek my iere In thy gan for my watch it is nace gere.
1610 S. Rid Martin Mark-all (1874) 39 Pecke is taken to eate or byte: as the Buffa peckes me by the stampes, the dogge bites me by the shinnes.
1667 R. Head & F. Kirkman Eng. Rogue (rev. ed.) I. i. iii. 36 Most part of the night we spent in boozing, pecking rumly.
1703 Levellers in Harleian Misc. (1745) V. 426/2 So they all fell heartily to Pecking till they had consumed the whole Provision.
1710 G. L. Amorous Gallant's Tongue (ed. 5) Gloss. 112 Do the Horses eat heartily? Do the Prads Peck Rum?
1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XV lxx. 40 The ladies with more moderation mingled In the feast, pecking less than I can tell.
1893 S. Baring-Gould Mrs. Curgenven III. xv. 181 Thanks, I'll peck a bit.
1957 H. Simmons Corner Boy 92 Let's go somewhere and peck.
1966 A. Baraka Home 102 Maws are things ofays seldom get to peck, nor are you likely ever to hear about Charlie eating a chitterling.
1973 A. Dundes Mother Wit 238 Got to go peck a little.
5. to peck at.
a. intransitive. To aim at with the beak, to try to peck. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > actions or bird defined by > [verb (transitive)] > peck > aim at or try to peck
to peck at1583
1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus Adrianus painted grapes so artificially, that birds pecked at them.
1588 R. Greene Pandosto F4v Better it is to pecke at the starres with the young Eagles, then to pray on dead carkasses with the Vulture.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. i. 65 Tis not long after, But I will weare my heart vpon my sleeue, For Doues to pecke at . View more context for this quotation
1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads xv. 229 Better in close Fight to die..Than..peck in vain at a weak Enemy.
1786 W. Robertson Hist. Anc. Greece (rev. ed.) iii. i. 245 It was he who painted some grapes so naturally, that..the birds came and pecked at them.
1790 J. Adams Curious Thoughts Hist. Man xxxviii. 93 The female, alarmed, left her nest, and pecked at him.
1831 T. Carlyle Let. 22 Aug. in Coll. Lett. T. & J. W. Carlyle (1976) V. 349 The more the Devil pecks at me the more vehemently do I wring his nose.
1874 L. Stephen Hours in Libr. 1st Ser. 13 It was..the greatest of triumphs when birds..pecked at the grapes in a picture.
1935 ‘A. Bridge’ Illyrian Spring xiv. 174 The pigeons..were pecking at some fragments of bread.
1993 New Scientist 7 Aug. 16/2 To stop their plumage becoming too greasy, the birds peck at the ground, then squat in the dirt to shimmy and shake.
b. intransitive. figurative. To carp, object to, nag at; (also) to bully, to pick on.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > criticize [verb (transitive)] > captiously
upbraidc1290
bite1330
to gnap at1533
carp1550
cavil1581
carp1587
to pick at ——1603
to pick a hole (also holes) in1614
yark1621
vellicate1633
to peck at1641
snob1654
ploat1757
to get at ——1803
crab1819
to pick up1846
knock1892
snark1904
kvetchc1950
to pick nits1978
1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. v. 70 The Scripture hee pecks at.
1692 R. L'Estrange Fables (1708) xi. 77 The Generality of Mankind lye Pecking at One Another, till One by One they are all Torn to Pieces.
1717 Entertainer No. 6. 32 Pamphlets pickering and pecking at one another from the Press.
1768–74 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1834) II. 475 Without pecking at the Bible, they can find matters to joke upon elsewhere.
1872 W. Besant & J. Rice Ready-money Mortiboy viii She had pecked at him so long, he could not have digested his dinner without his usual dessert.
1928 D. H. Lawrence Lady Chatterley's Lover x How she pecks at me! She hates me!
1990 Internat. Jrnl. Epidemiol. 19 1126/2 One or two other small defects for a Beckmesser-ish critic to peck at.
c. intransitive. To eat food without interest, to eat fussily. Cf. pick v.1 6.
ΚΠ
1908 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables iii. 37 But Anne could not eat. In vain she nibbled at the bread and butter and pecked at the crab-apple preserve.
1967 C. Potok Chosen vii. 131 His little brother pecked at the food on his plate, eating little.
1997 A. Sivanandan When Memory Dies iii. x. 323 Vijay sat down at the table and pecked at the iddlee Chitra had placed before him.
6. intransitive. figurative. With at, along, away, etc. To type on a typewriter or keyboard, esp. with a jabbing motion of the fingers. Also transitive: to type (something) out in this way.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > typing > type [verb (intransitive)] > in specific manner
peck1901
touch-type1940
1901 in Publ. Circular 7 Sept. 227/2 The modern printer merely pecks on a key-board.
1965 M. Bradbury Stepping Westward i. 40 He sat down at the typewriter which she had bought him as a wedding present and pecked out his note of acceptance.
1976 C. Weston Rouse Demon xxi. 96 Doggedly he kept pecking at the typewriter, scowling at the triplicate form rolled in the platen.
1993 Rolling Stone 28 Oct. 78/3 Someone was pecking away at a typewriter during the informal recording.
III. To strike with a pick; to dig up.
7.
a. intransitive. To strike something with a pick or other sharp implement, so as to dent, cut, or break it up. Also figurative. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (intransitive)] > driving or beating tools
strike1340
maulc1390
hammerc1400
peck1481
sledge1654
malleate1660
pane1839
1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) xcii. 142 And on that other syde they of the toun were on the walles and tourettes, whiche threwe grete stones and thycke on them that so pecked to breke the brygge.
1570 B. Googe tr. T. Kirchmeyer Popish Kingdome ii. 78 Whosoeuer of pure and perfite golde, hath founde the fruitfull vaine..Will hardly hence be had away to digge in emptie mines, And vainely pecke in euery rocke, whereas no golde doth lie.
1633 T. James Strange Voy. 78 A happy fellow,..pecking betwixt the Ice, strooke vpon it.
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 379 His Genie being more prone to easier and smoother studies, than in pecking and hewing at Logick.
1883 Folk-Lore Jrnl. 1 317 Away they pecked at it hard and fast.
b. transitive. To strike (stone, soil, etc.) with a pick or other sharp implement; (also) to mark with short strokes; to carve, mark, incise. Frequently with adverbs, as down, in, off, up. In later use chiefly Archaeology (cf. pecking n.2 1).In quot. 1533: to wear out (a tool) by repeated striking.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > driving or beating tools
strike1340
hammerc1430
maul?1440
riveta1450
calla1522
peena1522
peck1533
mallet1594
beetle1608
pickaxe1800
sledge1816
sledgehammer1834
tack-hammer1865
pin1875
pile-drive1894
staple gun1960
1533 J. Heywood Play of Wether sig. Ciiiv I haue peckt a good peckynge yron to nought.
1574 J. Baret Aluearie P 194 A stone pecked or dented in as a milstone.
1607 T. Heywood Woman Kilde with Kindnesse sig. B You shall see to morrow The hall floure peckt and dinted like a Milstone.
1666 J. Smith Γηροκομία Βασιλικὴ 79 Because they cannot make their mills grow, as they daily decay by grinding; they are fain to supply that want by often pecking their milstones.
1702 S. Sewall Diary 20 Jan. (1973) I. 461 The Father was pecking Ice off the Mill-wheel.
1784 J. Byng Diary 20 July in Torrington Diaries (1934) I. 184 The mosaic pavement of the church has never been explored, and now they only peck it up by fragments.
1848 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 9 ii. 537 [Soil] stony or gravelly, so as to require..to be pecked with a mathook or pick.
1854 J. R. Bartlett Personal Narr. Explor. & Incidents II. xxix. 195 Boulders covered with rude figures of men, animals &c. all pecked in with a sharp instrument.
1894 J. K. Fowler Recoll. Old Country Life xvii. 204 Part of a wall was pecked down and carted away.
1919 A. V. Kidder & S. J. Guernsey Archeol. Explor. Northeastern Arizona i. 21 The floor is partly made from the bedrock of the cave, pecked and chipped down, in a rather unsuccessful attempt at leveling.
1993 C. Tilley Interpretative Archaeol. i. 31 A range of designs incised and pecked into the surface of exposed bedrock.
2010 P. G. Bahn Prehist. Rock Art Concl. 199 The waiting children would pass the time by drawing and pecking pictures in the rock face.
8. transitive. To dig or root up with a sharp implement; to crop. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivate plants or crops [verb (transitive)]
tilla1325
raisec1384
uprearc1400
nourisha1500
cherish1519
dig1526
dress1526
govern1532
manure?c1550
rear1581
nurse1594
tame1601
crop1607
cultive1614
cultivate1622
ingentle1622
tend1631
make1714
peck1728
grow1774
farm1793
culture1809
side-dress1888
double-crop1956
produce2006
1728 Brudenell Estate Accts. 23 Feb. in J. Wake Lett. D. Eaton (1971) p. xl To the labourers for reaping the oats at 3s. per acre and pecking the stubble at 1s. per acre and earnest £8 14s.
1764 Museum Rusticum (1765) 3 lxxvi. 338 When harvest is done, the stubble may be got up at one shilling per acre,..this is called pecking the haulm, from the method of performing the work.
1898 G. W. E. Russell Coll. & Recoll. xxiii. 298 He..wandered about the lanes..pecking up primroses with a spud.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

peckv.2

Brit. /pɛk/, U.S. /pɛk/
Forms: 1500s–1600s pecke, 1600s– peck, 1900s– pek (Scottish (north-eastern)).
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: pick v.2
Etymology: Originally a variant of pick v.2 (see also discussion s.v. pitch v.1).With sense 1 compare earlier to pick over the perch at pick v.2 4a and later to peak over the perch at peak v.1 4. See perch n.1 Phrases 1 and perch n.1 Phrases 2 for various parallel phrases. In sense 2 in later use perhaps partly a variant of or associated with peg v. In sense 4 perhaps sometimes associated with peck v.1 7.
1. intransitive. Falconry. to peck over the perch: to fall off one's perch. Cf. peak v.1 4. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 219 If it continewe three or foure dayes, moste assuredlie the hawke wyll pecke ouer the pearch, and dye.
2. transitive. To pitch, cast, throw; (also) to jerk; to move suddenly. English regional and U.S. regional in later use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > throw [verb (transitive)]
warpc888
torvec1000
castc1230
slingc1290
forthcasta1300
throwc1300
lancec1330
hit1362
pitchc1380
slentc1380
glenta1400
launcha1400
routc1400
waltc1400
flingc1420
jeta1450
vire1487
ajet1490
hurl1563
toss1570
kest1590
picka1600
peck1611
jaculate1623
conject1625
elance1718
squail1876
tipple1887
bish1940
biff1941
slap1957
welly1986
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Vergette,..a boyes play with rods or wands pecked at a heape of points.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII v. iii. 94 You i'th' Chamblet, get vp o'th' raile, Ile pecke you o're the pales else.
1668 J. Dryden Secret-love v. i. 50 I can..walk with a courant slurr, and at every step peck down my Head.
1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty xvi. 217Pecking back’ her elbows (as they call it) from the waist upwards.
1821 R. Bowman Patent in London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 2 164 The operation of pecking, or throwing the shuttle.
1890 J. D. Robertson Gloss. Words County of Gloucester 111 Peck,..2 To pitch, fling.
1990 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 17 May They pecked the ball around for 10 hits.
1999 in Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (2002) IV. 75/1 In Toledo, Ohio in little league baseball we used the term peck to mean a throw. Peck it home; he really pecked that one in there.
3. intransitive. To have a bias; to incline. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline or be oblique [verb (intransitive)] > slope
pitch?1440
shore?1521
shed1530
batter1546
shoal1621
peck1639
slope1691
rake1722
underlay1728
underlie1778
1639 G. Digby in G. Digby & K. Digby Lett. conc. Relig. (1651) 118 He that would reduce the Church now to the form of Government in the most primitive times..would be found pecking toward the Presbytery of Scotland.
1696 W. Lorimer Remarks Goodwins Disc. vii. 50 Such a Man seems to be pecking towards the Socinians.
4. intransitive. To pitch forward; (spec. of a horse) to stumble as a result of striking the ground with the toe rather than the flat of the foot.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > falling > fall [verb (intransitive)] > forwards
aloutc1300
pecka1800
a1800 S. Pegge Suppl. Grose's Provinc. Gloss. (1814) Peck, to stumble; spoken of a horse. Hull.
1881 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Suppl. Peck, pick..to pitch forward, to go head first; to over-balance. ‘Mind the child dunna peck out on 'is cheer’.
1881 Mrs. P. O'Donoghue Ladies on Horseback i. iii. 42 Your horse..might be apt to peck, and so give you an ugly fall.
1896 G. F. Northall Warwickshire Word-bk. 169 Peck, to fall head first, forward. ‘I saw him peck on to his nose, “off” the curbstone.’
1928 S. Sassoon Mem. Fox-hunting Man iii. 139 One of them [sc. the horses] fell, another one pecked badly.
1985 J. Kelman Chancer (1987) 120 The favourite pecked on landing but within moments had regained its rhythm to go after the other two.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

peckv.3

Brit. /pɛk/, U.S. /pɛk/
Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymons: German pecken, picken.
Etymology: < German regional (chiefly Austria) pecken, variant of picken to peck (see pick v.1). Compare pick v.3
U.S. regional (now chiefly historical).
transitive. = pick v.3 Also occasionally intransitive.
ΚΠ
1835 A. B. Longstreet Georgia Scenes 77 It was a common custom of those days with boys, to dye and peck eggs on Easter Sunday.
1897 Evening Times (Cumberland, Maryland) 16 Apr. 2/1 Good Friday. All hail the day. This is the time to peck eggs.
1924 Washington Post 20 Apr. (Mag. section) 11/2 Before you began pecking, you had to show the whole egg, to show that you didn't have a china egg, or a wooden egg, or just half an egg, filled with lead, or anything like that.
1948 Bedford (Pa.) Gaz. 15 Apr. ii. 2/3 They were seated on the bridge railing Easter morning, pecking eggs, when one lost his balance.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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