pathologyn.

Brit.

/pəˈθɒlədʒi/, U.S.

/pəˈθɑlədʒi/

Forms: see patho- comb. form and -logy comb. form.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pathologia.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin pathologia branch of knowledge that deals with the emotions (in an undated glossary), study of disease (1555 in a work title) < Hellenistic Greek παθο- patho- comb. form + -λογία -logy comb. form. Compare French pathologie (1550 in Middle French in sense 3).

†I. Senses to do with feelings.

1. In plural. Sorrows, sufferings. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [noun]

rueeOE

teeneOE

sorrowOE

gramec1000

sytec1175

ruthc1225

dolea1240

balec1275

sighinga1300

dolour13..

ermingc1300

heartbreakc1330

discomfortc1350

griefa1375

tristourc1380

desolation1382

sichinga1387

tristesse1390

compassiona1400

rueinga1400

smarta1400

displeasure14..

gremec1400

heavity14..

dillc1420

notea1425

discomforturec1450

dolefulnessc1450

wandremec1450

regratec1485

doleance1490

trista1510

mispleasance1532

pathologiesa1586

balefulness1590

drearing1591

distressedness1592

woenessa1600

desertion1694

ruesomeness1881

schmerz1887

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. v. (heading) Her strange refusall, their pathologies, her flight.

2. The branch of knowledge that deals with the emotions. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > study of emotions > [noun]

pathology1681

pathognomy1789

pathematologya1832

pathetics1896

1681 Table of Hard Words in S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Remaining Med. Wks. Pathologie, the doctrine of the passions.

1815 J. Bentham Princ. Civil Code i. vi, in Wks. (1843) I. 304/2 Moral pathology would consist in the knowledge of the feelings, affections, and passions.

1833 T. Chalmers On Power, Wisdom, & Goodness of God II. ii. ii. 180 Bentham applies the pathology..[to] states of susceptibility, under which the mind is in any way affected, whether painfully or pleasurably.

II. Senses to do with disease or abnormality.

a. The study of disease; the branch of science that deals with the causes and nature of diseases and abnormal anatomical and physiological conditions; (in later use) esp. the branch of medicine that deals with the laboratory examination of body tissues, cells, and fluids for diagnostic purposes. Frequently with distinguishing word.As a branch of medicine, pathology originally consisted of morbid anatomy and histopathology, and later came to include other types of laboratory medicine (microbiology, haematology, biochemistry, etc.), often called clinical pathology. The increasing specialization of medicine has been reflected in pathology, with the development of branches such as neuropathology, dermatopathology, haematopathology, immunopathology, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > study of disease > [noun]

pathology1611

path1937

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 1 b/1 Pathologia treatethe of the cause and occasione of the sicknesses.]

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Pathologique, of, or belonging to, Pathologie.

1653 tr. J. de Back Discovrse sig. H8^v, in W. Harvey Anat. Exercises That which does comprehend the doctrine of Diseases, whether they be natural or preternatural, is to be called Pathology.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1684) 76 This, in the Pathology of Plants, may be the Disease of ϕυλλομανία.

1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iv. Concl. 511 I..bring some Arguments from Physiology and Pathology.

1784 W. Cullen First Lines Pract. Physic (ed. 4) I. Pref. p. xlviii The many hypothetical doctrines of the Humoral Pathology.

1825 Lancet 5 Nov. 210/2 Physiology, or the knowledge of the functions in health, is an indispensable preliminary to pathology, or the explanation of diseases.

1874 J. P. Mahaffy Social Life Greece ix. 274 Greek medicine rather started from hygiene than from pathology.

1927 Amer. Mercury Nov. p. lxxxiv/2 This treatise on human anatomy and physiology, with side-glances at pathology, is addressed to the educated layman.

1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price Higher School Certificate Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) xxxix. 335 The term saturnine lead poisoning still persists in pathology.

1990 Guardian 28 May 3/1 This country's veterinary pathology has made some tremendous advances over the years.

b. A set of pathological features or processes considered collectively; the typical manifestation or behaviour of a disease; an individual pathological condition.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun] > collection of

complication1647

pathology1679

nosology1851

1679 tr. T. Willis Pharmaceutice Rationalis ii. i. ix. 67 According to the Pathologie of this disease before delivered.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Let. to Friend (1690) 6 If Asia, Africa, and America should bring in their List [of diseases], Pandoras Box would swell, and there must be a strange Pathology.

1781 London Med. Jrnl. Feb. 98 The third part..relates to the pathology and treatment of disorders of the nerves.

1793 M. Baillie Morbid Anat. Pref. p. iii We shall add to our knowledge of the pathology of the body.

1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxvii. 342 An elaborate and critical history of the pathology, prophylaxis, and treatment of syphilis.

1881 Med. Temp. Jrnl. Oct. 17 The pathology as indicated in the changes which took place in the body.

1932 W. Boyd Text-bk. Path. xxx. 840 The muscular dystrophies have several clinical divisions, but the basic pathology is the same.

1976 Nature 11 Mar. 154/1 Retinal pathologies such as senile macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa.

1991 Lancet 3 Aug. 281/1 No cardiac pathology was noted in the cats.

c. The study of abnormal mental conditions; mental disease or disorder; an instance of this. Cf. psychopathology n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > [noun] > study of

pathology1789

psychopathology1847

1789 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. Pref. 3 He means certain axioms of what may be termed mental pathology, expressive of the connexion betwixt the feelings of the parties concerned.

a1849 T. L. Beddoes Let. 4 Dec. in Poems (1851) p. li It still remains for some one to exhibit the sum of his experience in mental pathology and therapeutics.

1867 H. Maudsley (title) The physiology and pathology of the mind.

a1878 G. H. Lewes Study Psychol. (1879) i. 35 Mental Pathology..has run a course parallel to that of Mental Physiology.

1924 A. A. Brill tr. E. Bleuler Textbk. Psychiatry ii. 126 It is chiefly ambivalent complexes that influence pathology.

1976 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 133 16/2 Depression..remitted over time along with the rest of the psychotic pathology.

2001 N.Y. Times Mag. 14 Oct. 74/2 I was afraid Lara would crash too, because we were afraid of our potential closeness or enablingness or some other psychological pathology.

d. In extended use: the study or investigation of abnormality or malfunction in the moral, social, linguistic, or other sphere; a moral, social, etc., abnormality or malfunction.

ΚΠ

1828 N. P. Willis Legendary II. 80 Mrs Lloyd was too skilled in the pathology of the gentle passions, not to perceive that the disease [sc. love] was making progress.

1842 C. Kingsley Lett. (1878) I. 114 Understand the pathology of the human soul, and be able to cure its diseases.

1874 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch ii. xvii. 129 A model clergyman..ought to..take all knowledge as mere nourishment for his moral pathology and therapeutics.

a1902 S. Butler Way of All Flesh (1903) lii. 241 Those who have fallen in the pursuit of spiritual pathology.

1972 W. Labov Lang. in Inner City iv. 134 There is evidence from linguistic pathology that a deep-seated knowledge of this fact may be present in native speakers.

1990 N.Y. Mag. Nov. 44/1 The city's increasingly apparent social problems—particularly its inability to..cope with the pathology of a burgeoning underclass—make this fiscal crisis worse.

4. Mathematics. A pathological feature or element of a mathematical system. Cf. pathological adj. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > abnormal feature of

pathology1961

1961 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 83 339 (heading) Pathologies of modular algebraic surfaces.

1978 Nature 16 Mar. 213/2 The pathologies associated with velocity fields found by Collins and Shikin are probably artefacts of non-generic homogeneous universes.

1997 SIAM Jrnl. Numerical Anal. 34 986 There is a potential for nonuniqueness of the solution... Unfortunately, this is not the only sort of pathology that can arise.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pathology
释义	pathologyn. Brit. /pəˈθɒlədʒi/, U.S. /pəˈθɑlədʒi/ Forms: see patho- comb. form and -logy comb. form. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pathologia. Etymology: < post-classical Latin pathologia branch of knowledge that deals with the emotions (in an undated glossary), study of disease (1555 in a work title) < Hellenistic Greek παθο- patho- comb. form + -λογία -logy comb. form. Compare French pathologie (1550 in Middle French in sense 3). †I. Senses to do with feelings. 1. In plural. Sorrows, sufferings. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [noun] rueeOE teeneOE sorrowOE gramec1000 sytec1175 ruthc1225 dolea1240 balec1275 sighinga1300 dolour13.. ermingc1300 heartbreakc1330 discomfortc1350 griefa1375 tristourc1380 desolation1382 sichinga1387 tristesse1390 compassiona1400 rueinga1400 smarta1400 displeasure14.. gremec1400 heavity14.. dillc1420 notea1425 discomforturec1450 dolefulnessc1450 wandremec1450 regratec1485 doleance1490 trista1510 mispleasance1532 pathologiesa1586 balefulness1590 drearing1591 distressedness1592 woenessa1600 desertion1694 ruesomeness1881 schmerz1887 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. v. (heading) Her strange refusall, their pathologies, her flight. 2. The branch of knowledge that deals with the emotions. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > study of emotions > [noun] pathology1681 pathognomy1789 pathematologya1832 pathetics1896 1681 Table of Hard Words in S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Remaining Med. Wks. Pathologie, the doctrine of the passions. 1815 J. Bentham Princ. Civil Code i. vi, in Wks. (1843) I. 304/2 Moral pathology would consist in the knowledge of the feelings, affections, and passions. 1833 T. Chalmers On Power, Wisdom, & Goodness of God II. ii. ii. 180 Bentham applies the pathology..[to] states of susceptibility, under which the mind is in any way affected, whether painfully or pleasurably. II. Senses to do with disease or abnormality. 3. a. The study of disease; the branch of science that deals with the causes and nature of diseases and abnormal anatomical and physiological conditions; (in later use) esp. the branch of medicine that deals with the laboratory examination of body tissues, cells, and fluids for diagnostic purposes. Frequently with distinguishing word.As a branch of medicine, pathology originally consisted of morbid anatomy and histopathology, and later came to include other types of laboratory medicine (microbiology, haematology, biochemistry, etc.), often called clinical pathology. The increasing specialization of medicine has been reflected in pathology, with the development of branches such as neuropathology, dermatopathology, haematopathology, immunopathology, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > study of disease > [noun] pathology1611 path1937 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 1 b/1 Pathologia treatethe of the cause and occasione of the sicknesses.] 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Pathologique, of, or belonging to, Pathologie. 1653 tr. J. de Back Discovrse sig. H8^v, in W. Harvey Anat. Exercises That which does comprehend the doctrine of Diseases, whether they be natural or preternatural, is to be called Pathology. a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1684) 76 This, in the Pathology of Plants, may be the Disease of ϕυλλομανία. 1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. iv. Concl. 511 I..bring some Arguments from Physiology and Pathology. 1784 W. Cullen First Lines Pract. Physic (ed. 4) I. Pref. p. xlviii The many hypothetical doctrines of the Humoral Pathology. 1825 Lancet 5 Nov. 210/2 Physiology, or the knowledge of the functions in health, is an indispensable preliminary to pathology, or the explanation of diseases. 1874 J. P. Mahaffy Social Life Greece ix. 274 Greek medicine rather started from hygiene than from pathology. 1927 Amer. Mercury Nov. p. lxxxiv/2 This treatise on human anatomy and physiology, with side-glances at pathology, is addressed to the educated layman. 1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price Higher School Certificate Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) xxxix. 335 The term saturnine lead poisoning still persists in pathology. 1990 Guardian 28 May 3/1 This country's veterinary pathology has made some tremendous advances over the years. b. A set of pathological features or processes considered collectively; the typical manifestation or behaviour of a disease; an individual pathological condition. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun] > collection of complication1647 pathology1679 nosology1851 1679 tr. T. Willis Pharmaceutice Rationalis ii. i. ix. 67 According to the Pathologie of this disease before delivered. a1682 Sir T. Browne Let. to Friend (1690) 6 If Asia, Africa, and America should bring in their List [of diseases], Pandoras Box would swell, and there must be a strange Pathology. 1781 London Med. Jrnl. Feb. 98 The third part..relates to the pathology and treatment of disorders of the nerves. 1793 M. Baillie Morbid Anat. Pref. p. iii We shall add to our knowledge of the pathology of the body. 1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxvii. 342 An elaborate and critical history of the pathology, prophylaxis, and treatment of syphilis. 1881 Med. Temp. Jrnl. Oct. 17 The pathology as indicated in the changes which took place in the body. 1932 W. Boyd Text-bk. Path. xxx. 840 The muscular dystrophies have several clinical divisions, but the basic pathology is the same. 1976 Nature 11 Mar. 154/1 Retinal pathologies such as senile macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. 1991 Lancet 3 Aug. 281/1 No cardiac pathology was noted in the cats. c. The study of abnormal mental conditions; mental disease or disorder; an instance of this. Cf. psychopathology n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > [noun] > study of pathology1789 psychopathology1847 1789 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. Pref. 3 He means certain axioms of what may be termed mental pathology, expressive of the connexion betwixt the feelings of the parties concerned. a1849 T. L. Beddoes Let. 4 Dec. in Poems (1851) p. li It still remains for some one to exhibit the sum of his experience in mental pathology and therapeutics. 1867 H. Maudsley (title) The physiology and pathology of the mind. a1878 G. H. Lewes Study Psychol. (1879) i. 35 Mental Pathology..has run a course parallel to that of Mental Physiology. 1924 A. A. Brill tr. E. Bleuler Textbk. Psychiatry ii. 126 It is chiefly ambivalent complexes that influence pathology. 1976 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 133 16/2 Depression..remitted over time along with the rest of the psychotic pathology. 2001 N.Y. Times Mag. 14 Oct. 74/2 I was afraid Lara would crash too, because we were afraid of our potential closeness or enablingness or some other psychological pathology. d. In extended use: the study or investigation of abnormality or malfunction in the moral, social, linguistic, or other sphere; a moral, social, etc., abnormality or malfunction. ΚΠ 1828 N. P. Willis Legendary II. 80 Mrs Lloyd was too skilled in the pathology of the gentle passions, not to perceive that the disease [sc. love] was making progress. 1842 C. Kingsley Lett. (1878) I. 114 Understand the pathology of the human soul, and be able to cure its diseases. 1874 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch ii. xvii. 129 A model clergyman..ought to..take all knowledge as mere nourishment for his moral pathology and therapeutics. a1902 S. Butler Way of All Flesh (1903) lii. 241 Those who have fallen in the pursuit of spiritual pathology. 1972 W. Labov Lang. in Inner City iv. 134 There is evidence from linguistic pathology that a deep-seated knowledge of this fact may be present in native speakers. 1990 N.Y. Mag. Nov. 44/1 The city's increasingly apparent social problems—particularly its inability to..cope with the pathology of a burgeoning underclass—make this fiscal crisis worse. 4. Mathematics. A pathological feature or element of a mathematical system. Cf. pathological adj. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > abnormal feature of pathology1961 1961 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 83 339 (heading) Pathologies of modular algebraic surfaces. 1978 Nature 16 Mar. 213/2 The pathologies associated with velocity fields found by Collins and Shikin are probably artefacts of non-generic homogeneous universes. 1997 SIAM Jrnl. Numerical Anal. 34 986 There is a potential for nonuniqueness of the solution... Unfortunately, this is not the only sort of pathology that can arise. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1586
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