α. Middle English pale, Middle English–1500s pele, Middle English–1600s peele, Middle English– peel, 1500s piele, 1500s–1600s peale, 1700s–1800s peal.
β. Middle English pile, Middle English (1800s– English regional) pyle.
peeln.1
/piːl/, U.S. /pil/ 1.
a. A pole with a broad flat disc at one end, used to place loaves, etc., in an oven, and to withdraw them when baked; a baker's shovel.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > baker's equipment > baker's shovel
peel1396
forkin?a1500
baking peel?1562
beal1598
oven peel1603
spittle1838
pale1857
1396 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/263/13) Pastrine..vn pele de feer.
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 155 (MED) Þe spawde-boon..is lich to a pele [L. pale] wiþ þe whiche men setten breed into þe ouene.
1519 W. Horman Vulgaria 154 b Sette in the bredde with a pele.
?1562 Thersytes sig. D.iiv The backster of Bal[d]ockburye with her bakinge pele.
1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre iii. ii. 33 in Wks. II A notable hot Baker 'twas, when hee ply'd the peele.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 85/2 A Baker, with a Peel in his both hands.
1750 W. Ellis Country Housewife's Family Compan. 75 Set them on a peal, and lay them to bake at the oven's mouth.
1760 C. Lennox Lady's Museum No. 2. 158 The oars are broad and short, almost in the form of a baker's peel.
1845 G. Dodd Brit. Manuf. 5th Ser. 24 The man with the peel then arranged the biscuits side by side over the whole floor of the oven.
1895 ‘G. Setoun’ Sunshine & Haar 184 Placing a couple of loaves on the palm of the peel.
1968 J. Arnold Shell Bk. Country Crafts 95 The shovel used by a maltster and the baker's peel were both made of beech.
2004 Buffalo News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 7 Jan. c3 To transfer a pizza to and from a baking stone, use a baker's peel (a flat wooden paddle) or a rimless baking sheet.
b. gen. A shovel or shovel-shaped implement, esp. a fire shovel. Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun]
pooleOE
seathc950
lakea1000
flosha1300
stanga1300
weira1300
water poolc1325
carrc1330
stamp1338
stank1338
ponda1387
flashc1440
stagnec1470
peel?a1500
sole15..
danka1522
linn1577
sound1581
flake1598
still1681
slew1708
splash1760
watering hole1776
vlei1793
jheel1805
slougha1817
sipe1825
society > occupation and work > equipment > digging or lifting tools > [noun] > shovel > other shovels
shod-shovel1465
scoop1487
peel?a1500
paring-shovel1531
cole-rake1575
rabble1664
van1664
steam shovel1801
ballast wagon1838
wirra1896
power shovel1902
?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 599/38 Pala..Item dicitur latum instrumentum ferreum ad opus ignis, a pele.
1556 in J. M. Bestall & D. V. Fowkes Chesterfield Wills & Inventories 1521–1603 (1977) 65 A knedyng troughe a kymnell and a bulyng Tubbe..a peale a cole Rake and a Iren scrapar.
1572 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 349 The Kitching. One Raking croke, one Iron por, one pele, one iron coulrake ijs viijd.
1626 in G. Ornsby Select. from Househ. Bks. Naworth Castle (1878) 237 Mending a shovell and a peale, vd.
1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 81 This Past is very white... They serve it upon little Woodden Peels made on purpose.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 9 Two men set a stirring of it with wooden peels.
1743 W. Ellis Suppl. to London & Country Brewer (ed. 2) 257 [They] burn it 12 Hours into a Coak..which they break and divide into pretty large Pieces with an Iron-Peal.
1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon viii. 214 The cream..may be removed..with a stick about a foot long, at the end of which is fixed a sort of peal.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 360 At the top of the table is a large triangular iron peel or shovel, with its fore part bearing upon the edge of the table.
1985 Christie's (N.Y.) Sale Catal.: Contents of Thorntree Mendham 11 June 61/1 A pair of iron and irons, an iron peel, iron tongs, and an iron poker.
2002 Mag. Antiques (Nexis) 1 Jan. 184 He removed..a wrought-iron peel, and a cast- and wrought iron waffle iron from a parlor fireplace at Chestertown House.
2. Printing. A pole with a T-shaped crosspiece at one end used to hang up damp freshly printed sheets to dry. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > miscellaneous printers' equipment > [noun] > T-shaped instrument for drying printed sheets
peel1683
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 346 He Loads and unloads his Peel again successively, till he have Hung up the whole Heap.
1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 487 He takes the Handle of the Peel in his left hand, and lays the top part flat down upon the Heap.
1808 C. Stower Printer's Gram. xvi. 405 Having thus doubled the first lift on the peel, he [sc. the warehouse-man] raises it, holding it aslant, that the shorter fold of the sheets may open from the peel, in order to convey it over the pole.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Peel,..a printer's tool for hanging up damp printed sheets on a line to dry.
1946 E. Diehl Bookbinding ii. xx. 302 The sheets..when..hanging..up..are more easily handled if they are held over a long folding stick or a papermaker's peel.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > rowing apparatus > [noun] > oar > blade of oar
bladec1000
oar-bladeOE
palma1522
wash1769
bowl1805
peel1875
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1647/2 Peel,..3. (Nautical.) The wash of an oar.
1890 Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Peel..Also, the blade of an oar.
Compounds
ΚΠ
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 665/1 Peel, the portion of a cracker or biscuit machine beyond the cutter is known as the peel-end, and its capacity gives name to the machine, as two-peel machine.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
peeln.2
/piːl/, U.S. /pil/ Now historical.† 1. A stake. Obsolete. rare.In quot. a1400 perhaps: a gallows, or the cross-beam of a gallows.† 3. A castle; esp. a small castle or tower; = pile n.2 Obsolete.Used chiefly by English (not Scottish) writers. The term was applied to the ancient fortification on St Patrick's Isle, just off the west coast of the Isle of Man, and subsequently transferred to the adjacent town (called Holmetown until the 17th cent., then Peeltown until the mid 19th cent.): see quot. 1765.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > [noun] > in form of bar, pole, rod, etc.
stingc725
stakec893
sowelc900
tree971
rungOE
shaftc1000
staffc1000
stockc1000
poleOE
spritOE
luga1250
lever1297
stanga1300
perchc1300
raftc1330
sheltbeam1336
stower1371
palea1382
spar1388
spire1392
perk1396
ragged staff1397
peela1400
slot1399
plantc1400
heck-stower1401
sparkin1408
cammockc1425
sallow stakec1440
spoke1467
perk treec1480
yard1480
bode1483
spit1485
bolm1513
gada1535
ruttock1542
stob1550
blade1558
wattle1570
bamboo1598
loggat1600
barling1611
sparret1632
picket1687
tringle1706
sprund1736
lug-pole1773
polting lug1789
baton1801
stuckin1809
rack-pin1821
picket-pin1844
I-iron1874
pricker1875
stag1881
podger1888
window pole1888
verge1897
sallow pole1898
lat1899
swizzle-stick1962
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 2120 (MED) He ȝede and clambe vpp on a pele [v.rr. pel, peyl; rhyme eche dele; Fr. encuntre vn pel se addrescé] And hyng þeron by þe hond.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 4593 Iren schod was ilk a pele [rhyme ilk a dele].
2. Chiefly Scottish. A palisade or fence formed of stakes; a stockade; a stockaded or palisaded (and often moated) enclosure, frequently as the outer court of a castle or fortified tower; (hence) a fort, tower, or other position defended in this manner.Used historically as the name of the enclosed park surrounding the royal palace of Linlithgow, in Scotland (see quot. 1893). Cf. pale n.1 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > palisade or stockade > [noun]
shide-wallc1000
barrierc1380
peel?a1400
bails1523
palisade1588
stockado1608
stockade1614
fraise1775
picket1779
estacade1827
zariba1849
boma1860
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 15192 Fulle boldly & stille, he did vitaile þe toun wele, defensable with bretask & pele.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 157 Þe Romancer it sais, R[ichard] did mak a pele, On kastelle wise alle wais, wrouht of tre fulle welle..His pele..he cald it mate Griffoun.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 137 And at lythkow ves than a peill, Mekill and stark, and stuffit weill Vith ynglis men.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 999 The peyll thai tuk and slew that was tharin.
1528 in State Papers Henry VIII (1836) IV. 492 One strong pele of ill Will Armistraunges, buylded aftur siche maner that it couth not be brynt ne distroyed, unto it was cut downe with axes.
1579 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 236 For pulling doun of a peill of the said George Chaleris..and sta and awaytuke xl ky and oxin.
1589 in G. P. McNeill Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1903) XXII. 25 The fewmailis of the park and peil of Linlithquew.
1662 in C. S. Romanes Sel. Rec. Regality of Melrose (1917) III. 64 Ane hous..bounded as followes..the house lyand on the east syde of John Frater, elder, his peill [etc.].
c1800 Jamie Telfer in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1890) IV. vii. No. 190. A. iv When they came to the Fair Dodhead, Right hastily they clam the peel.
1893 Trans. Archit. Soc. Glasgow 2 127 It is remarkable that to this day the good people of Linlithgow apply the term ‘the peel’ not to the castle..but to the meadow ground outside the walls of the palace, and lying virtually all round it.
1927 W. M. Mackenzie Mediaeval Castle 197 A timbered enclosure would be known as a peel or pele, the barmkin being a similar enclosure of stone and lime.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > small castle
castelletc1320
pilec1400
peelc1450
chateleta1513
castleta1552
c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame 1310 God saue the lady of thys pel [v.r. pele], Our oune gentil lady Fame!
1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 273 A Peille, A castelle.
1575 T. Churchyard 1st Pt. Chippes f. 103 A littell Bastillion, builded on a hil..to the which piel the souldiours of the main fort did repayre.
1679 T. Blount Fragmenta Antiquitatis 20 Pele or Pile, is a Fort built for defence of any place.
a1718 in J. Keble Life T. Wilson: Pt. I (1863) vi. 199 The Ordinary hath used to send for aid unto the Constable of the Castle, or of the Peel.
1765 Act 5 Geo. III c. 26 Preamble All the islands, castle, pele, and lordship aforesaid.
4. A small fortified (or sometimes moated) tower or dwelling of a type built chiefly in the 16th cent. in the border counties of England and Scotland as a private defence against raiders, in which the ground floor is vaulted and used as a shelter for livestock, while the upper part forms the living quarters, access to which is by a door on the first floor reached by means of a ladder or a movable stair.In this sense probably originally short for peel house (see Compounds), i.e. a house built within a peel (sense 2), but later frequently applied to dwellings lacking such a defence.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > tower or fortified house > peel
pilelOE
pilea1513
peel house1586
pale1596
peel1726
border-house1792
peel tower1851
watch-peel1882
1726 A. Gordon Itinerarium Septentrionale 54 At this Town [sc. Kirkintilloch] there is another Fort upon the Wall, called the Peel.
1792 Archaeologia 10 102 This kind of building was called in Scotland a peel, and in England, a keep or dungeon.
1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel iv. iii. 95 The frightened flocks and herds were pent Beneath the peel's rude battlement.
1846 W. E. Brockett J. T. Brockett's Gloss. North Country Words (ed. 3) II. 69 The ‘peel’ was a square tower strongly fortified, where cattle were secured in the bottom story at night, and the family occupied the upper part.
1882 J. Hardy in Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 9 No. 3. 425 The mansion..is an adaptation..of an old fortified peel to modern requirements.
1894 R. S. Ferguson Hist. Westmorland xviii. 280 These peels..are small and massively built towers of stone, with high-pitched roofs of slate.
1964 Dumfries & Galloway Standard 8 July 7 The lost Dalswinton, Conggleton and Wigtown, the pele at Lochmaben are a story in themselves.
1993 A. A. M. Duncan in A. Grant & K. J. Stringer Medieval Scotl. xiii. 276 Easter and Wester Mains, which cannot now be identified, were probably contiguous to the castle or ‘peel’ of Kirkintilloch.
Compounds
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > small castle > wall of
peel dike1505
1505 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1901) III. 84 To bigging of the peil dikis of Linlithqw.
peel house n. (a) a fortified dwelling built within a palisade; (b) = sense 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > tower or fortified house > peel
pilelOE
pilea1513
peel house1586
pale1596
peel1726
border-house1792
peel tower1851
watch-peel1882
1586 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 106 Ane peill house, with byre, hall and berne.
1795 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XVI. 83 The only peel house that remains entire is Hudhouse; the vault is immensely strong, and has had double doors, bolted on the inside.
1814 W. Scott Waverley II. xviii. 278 Had you put this gentleman into the pit of the peel-house at Balmawhapple. View more context for this quotation
1856 J. C. Bruce Bayeux Tapestry Elucidated ii. 36 The ancient ‘peel houses’ of the North of England.
1872 Trans. Highlands Soc. 227 Drumelzier is the last of the chain of fortresses, commonly called peel houses, placed on the Tweed, all of which are now in ruins.
1994 Guardian (Nexis) 20 Jan. 16 Sean's childhood was lived..to the rhythm of Border songs and ballads; and in dreams inspired by peel-houses and broken walls.
2002 Northern Echo (Nexis) 21 May 9 Architecturally it's a Georgian ‘peel house’—semi-fortified, originally—and since last summer it's been coffee shop.
peel tower n. = sense 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > tower or fortified house > peel
pilelOE
pilea1513
peel house1586
pale1596
peel1726
border-house1792
peel tower1851
watch-peel1882
1851 T. H. Turner Some Acct. Domest. Archit. I. i. 11 In the border countries these towers, commonly called Pele towers, are very usual.
1874 A. J. C. Hare Jrnl. 1 Nov. in Story of my Life (1900) IV. xvii. 258 An occasional peel-tower stands like a milestone of history.
1935 Hist. Northumberland XIV. 79 This [sc. Henry VIII to Charles I] forms a continuously evolving period, at first characterised by the erection of pele towers and bastle houses.
1991 K. Jones Learning not to be First xi. 139 She was fascinated by the castle—a converted fifteenth century peel tower with many later additions in the medieval style.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
peeln.3
/piːl/, U.S. /pil/ 1.
a. The rind, skin, or outer covering of a fruit, a vegetable, or (occasionally) a plant; esp. the skin of a citrus fruit, often used as a flavouring (cf. zest n.1 1). Frequently with modifying word.orange, lemon, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [noun] > parts of > skin or roughening of skin
rindeOE
skina1398
peel?a1450
pill1530
shell1561
peeling1598
sloughc1660
russet1817
epicarp1819
exocarp1845
russeting1851
shuck1869
?a1450 tr. Macer Herbal (Stockh.) 67 Þe same wole garlyk pelys do, if ye..ley hem in maner of a plastre to þe share. Seth garlek in his pilys and þere bath..a woman.
?a1450 tr. Macer Herbal (Stockh.) (1949) 74 (MED) Chafe þe iuus of rue in a pele [v.r. pille] of a pomegarnet and hilde it in þe ere.
1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors f. 5 As the pieles of an onion, ar one w'in another.
1589 J. Eldred in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 232 For churned milke we gaue them bread and pomgranat peeles, wherewith they vse to tanne their goats skinnes which they churne withall.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Follicule,..a huske, hull, peele, or skin inclosing seed.
1615 G. Markham Eng. House-wife (1668) 114 Four or five Orange-peels dry and beaten to powder.
1672 W. Wycherley Love in Wood iii. ii. 43 Warrant her breath with some Lemmon Peil.
1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 143 A Nut, having a green Bark or Peel.
1738 E. Chambers Cycl. (ed. 2) at Pomegranate The peel or rind, which is called Malicorium, held very astringent, is an ingredient in several remedies.
1790 Ann. Reg. 1788 Useful Projects 96/2 Nothing was used but the mere bark or peel of the twigs.
1818 H. J. Todd Johnson's Dict. Eng. Lang. Cool-cup, a beverage, so called, usually composed of wine, water, lemon-peel, sugar, and borage; and introduced at tables in warm weather.
1875 R. W. Emerson Lett. & Social Aims viii. 192 The rich feed on fruits and game,—the poor, on a watermelon's peel.
1929 F. M. McNeill Scots Kitchen 188 Black bun, a festive cake at Hogmanay. Big blue raisins, currants, sweet almonds; orange, lemon, and citron peel.
2004 S. Wales Evening Post (Nexis) 26 Mar. 13 Breaktimes at Cwmrhydyceirw Primary School can result in quite a few banana peels and apple cores, as hungry pupils tuck into fruity snacks.
b. Cookery. Short for candied peel n. at candied adj. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > preserve > [noun] > candied peel
orangeado1596
candied peel1694
peel1869
1869 Mrs. Beeton's Bk. Househ. Managem. (rev. ed.) xxxvii. 893 Add the sugar, peel, ginger, spice, and treacle.
1927 Daily Express 20 Dec. 5/3 The [Stollen] dough should be made in the same way with quarter pound each chopped mixed peel, melon, [etc.].
1940 Brit. Red Cross Soc. Cookery & Catering Man. (ed. 4) xxii. 210 (heading) Dalmatian Pudding. 16 lb. flour, 4 lb. suet, 2 lb. sugar, 4 lb. currants, 1 lb. peel, 2 lb. cocoanut, 8 oz. baking powder.
2001 Which? Dec. 30/1 Panettone is a light alternative to traditional Christmas cake. It's a bread-like cake made with dried fruit and peel, originating from Milan.
2. A cosmetic treatment used esp. on the face, in which mild acid (usually an alpha-hydroxy acid) is applied to remove superficial skin layers, resulting in a smoother complexion. Frequently with modifying word.
ΚΠ
1960 Brit. Jrnl. Plastic Surg. 13 164 In a successful peel most of the sheet of epithelium forming the epidermis peels off.
1982 R. B. Noone & L. P. Kerr in T. G. Duncan Over 55 xxvi. 429 People who benefit most from a chemical peel are women with fair skin, fine wrinkling, and minimally sagging facial tissue... The peel may change skin pigmentation.
2002 Delaware Beach Life Aug. 70/1 Glycolic acid peels are intense exfoliants. The higher the strength, the deeper the penetration.
3. Rugby. The action of peeling from a set formation (see peel v.1 8c).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > rugby football > [noun] > actions or manoeuvres
scrimmaging1776
throw on1845
rush1857
catch1858
maul1860
touch1863
mauling1864
touch-in-goal1869
goal-kicking1871
throw-forward1871
sidestepping1877
handing1882
punting1882
heel1886
touch kicking1889
forward pass1890
scrumming1892
touch-finding1895
heeling1896
wheel1897
scrag1903
reverse pass1907
jinka1914
hand-off1916
play-the-ball1918
gather1921
pivot pass1922
sidestep1927
smother-tackle1927
stiff-arm1927
heel-back1929
scissors1948
rucking1949
loose scrummaging1952
cut-through1960
pivot break1960
put-in1962
chip kicking1963
box kicking1971
peel1973
chip and chase1976
tap penalty1976
1973 Scotsman 21 Feb. 18/6 Thus, when it comes to deflecting the ball for a peel, Strachan prefers to operate from No. 8 where there is a little more scope for manoeuvre.
1987 Rugby World & Post Mar. 18/2 The result..saw Phil Matthews plunge over for a try from 5 yards out after a smoothly worked front peel.
1991 Guardian 1 Nov. 23/3 They will use their scrum-half on the line-out back-peel.
4. Curling. A shot in which a player knocks an opponent's guard stone out of play with his own stone, which also rolls out of play.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > curling > [noun] > types of shot or delivery
inring1789
outwick1805
inwick1820
wick1823
witter shot1823
outring1824
inturn1890
out-turn1890
stug1897
draw1902
draw shot1902
in-curl1903
out-curl1903
long slide1936
slide1950
peel1984
1984 United Press Internat. Newswire (Nexis) 6 Apr. Canada then played the extra end very poorly, missing several peels to allow Sweden the steal.
1996 Province (Vancouver) 18 Mar. a44 Rocket-launching second Ken (Downtown) Brown could flash a peel right through an end wall of the Coliseum.
2002 News of World (Nexis) 17 Feb. Dougie's suffering a living death at the curling rink, muttering things like ‘good guard’ and ‘nice peel’.
Compounds
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparing confectionery > [noun] > confectioner
confectioner1591
comfit-maker1594
candier1598
confectionary1605
confectioness1640
dulciary1657
peel-maker1844
1844 Rep. Census 1841 Occup. Abstr. 38 in Parl. Papers XXVII. 1 Peel-maker.
1870 N.Y. State Business Directory 340/2 Grasser Frederick, peel maker, r.100 Wooster.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† peeln.4
Scottish. Obsolete.
A match, an equal. Cf. peel v.3, peels adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > [noun] > equal, counterpart, or equivalent
ylikeeOE
likea1200
make?c1225
fellow?a1425
proportion?a1425
countervailc1430
matcha1450
meetc1450
pareil?c1450
resemblant1484
equivalent1502
countermatch1587
second1599
parallel1600
equipollent1611
balancea1616
tantamount1637
analogy1646
analogate1652
form-fellow1659
equivalency1698
par1711
homologizer1716
peel1722
analogon1797
quits1806
correlate1821
analogue1837
representant1847
homologue1848
countertype1855
homologon1871
correlative1875
vis-à-vis1900
counterpart1903
1722 W. Hamilton Life of Sir William Wallace vii. ii In time of peace, he never had a peel, So courteous he was, and so genteel.
1813 E. Picken Misc. Poems II. 131 (Jam.) She fuish him John Gilpin, nae sang is its peil, For a pattern to work by.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
peeln.5
/piːl/, U.S. /pil/ Croquet.
The hitting of a ball other than one's own through a hoop. Cf. peeling n.3
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > croquet > [noun] > types of play
roquet1859
roqueting1863
rushing1868
croquet1874
peeling1899
peel1907
wiring1966
1907 C. D. Locock Mod. Croquet Tactics xi. 146 Sometimes, and especially in Doubles, it is worth while to go for a peel on the captain of the other side.
1914 Ld. Tollemache Croquet xviii. 111 In Handicap games it is frequently impossible to win without a Peel of some sort.
1974 Observer 23 June 40/3 Triple peels (three in a row) were commonplace at Cheltenham.
2002 Dominion Post (Wellington, N.Z.) (Nexis) 6 Dec. (Sport section) 15 Hogan..beat third-ranked Fleming 26-10, 26-0 with a straight peel in the first game.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
peelv.1
/piːl/, U.S. /pil/ 1.
a. transitive. To rob or strip (a person) of possessions; to pillage or plunder (a place); (also) to oppress (a person or institution) with excessive taxation or exactions; = pill v.1 7a. Obsolete (in later use chiefly Scottish).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > despoil or prey upon [verb (transitive)]
reaveOE
stripa1225
pill?c1225
robc1225
peela1250
despoil1297
raimc1300
spoilc1330
spoila1340
to pull a finch (also pigeon, plover, etc.)c1387
despoil1393
preya1400
spoila1400
spulyiea1400
unspoila1400
riflec1400
poll1490
to pill and poll1528
to poll and pill1528
exspoila1530
pilyie1539
devour?1542
plume1571
rive1572
bepill1574
fleece1575
to prey over1576
pread1577
disvaledge1598
despoliate1607
to make spoil of1613
expilate1624
to peel and poll1641
depredate1651
violatea1657
disvalise1672
to pick feathers off (a person)1677
to make stroy of1682
spoliate1699
pilfer1714
snabble1725
rump1815
vampire1832
sweat1847
ploat1855
vampirize1888
a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 37 Uor euere me schal þene cheorl pilken & peolien.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 74 For an yuel lord ouersettiþ & peleþ [L. spoliat] his subiectis.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 2357 (MED) Þefte ryȝt wykked ys..Namly, pore men for to pele Or robbe or bete with-out skyle.
1450 Rolls of Parl. V. 204/2 Wheras the said Ile hath be herafore at the nombre of gret pepul sensabul, hit hath be so pelyd and oppressid now late, bi on John Newport, Steward of the said Ile.
a1525 G. Myll Spectakle of Luf in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 277 Quhen thow art our riche and wald be pelit of thi gudis.
a1600 Jok Up-a-lands Compl. in Evergreen (1761) I. 231 Pure Commons presentlie ar peild.
1612 in W. Foster Lett. received by E. India Co. (1896) I. 191 Since none could be had from him by his willing mind..we peeled the Indian ships of all that possibly we could.
1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. i. 26 Archigallo..by peeling the wealthier sort, stuff'd his Treasury.
1723 P. Aubin Life Charlotta Du Pont xxii. 254 She had robb'd my Father of near two thousand Pounds; but Furley pealed her of a good deal of it.
1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. iii. xi. 186 Wou'd it not be a disagreeable Sight to see an honest Man peeled by Sharpers?
1872 W. Philip It'll a' come Richt p. xxi I've nicket a bawd or twa an' gotten peeled for't.
1877 T. Cooper Poet. Wks. iii. 365 They slew us, thinking then to rob and peel Our tents of gold and silver.
1891 D. Stephen Gleanings 96 The idea of being robbed and peeled by the man who he considered had no right to a single farthing.
b. transitive. spec. To exhaust or impoverish (soil); = pill v.1 7b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > soil qualities > [verb (transitive)] > render infertile
barren1581
pill1594
disfertile1606
peel1610
embarren1628
unfructify1628
barrenize1652
mine1937
1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia i. ix. 35 Oates doe well in a leane dry Clay, though they peele a better and prepare a moist.
1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Feb. xiii. 74 Nor does the Black-oat peel the Ground, so much as the White-oat does.
1765 A. Menzies in Rep. Annexed Estates Scotl. 1755–1769 (1973) 80 The only industry they show is in peeling and destroying their grounds with the flaughter spade.
2. transitive. To take or seize (goods) by violence or extortion; to steal; = pill v.1 3. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > despoil or prey upon [verb (transitive)] > make a spoil of (something)
stripc1200
spoilc1380
riflec1391
pilla1393
spoila1400
bezzlec1430
peelc1450
despoil1483
spulyie1488
strip1594
prey1596
pillage1600
plunder1643
scoff1893
c1450 W. Lichefeld Complaint of God (Lamb. 853) l. 284 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 209 What shal þanne profite þi gowne y-pleite, Poundis or markis þat ȝe of þe peple peele?
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 85 A man gais to the were for couatis to pele and rub gudis.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 280v His soudiours..pieled all that euer thei could fyngre.
a1586 W. Kennedy in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 31 Quhone pen and purs and all is peild [rhyme scheild, eild, heild].
II. To strip, decorticate.
3. † c. transitive. To make or form by peeling; = pill v.1 2c. Obsolete.
a. transitive. To pare off or strip away (the skin of a fruit or vegetable, or the bark of a tree); to remove (the natural outer layer of something); = pill v.1 2b. Frequently with off.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > strip or make bare > strip of outer layer > strip (outer layer)
peel1424
unpeel1660
1424 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) II. 7/2 Thaim that be nycht stelis grene wode or pelis the barkis of [J. Skene pealis the bark off] treys distroyande woddis.
1497 in G. Neilson & H. Paton Acts Lords of Council Civil Causes (1918) II. 91 The tennandis..war apprehendit..peland and distroyand his woddis.
1580 Baret's Aluearie (rev. ed.) P 358 To Pill off, or rather peele, as it were to pull off the skin, rinde, or the barke of a tree.
1664 Duchess of Newcastle Poems & Phancies ii. 82 First you do peel my Bark, and flay my Skin, Chop off my Limbs, and leave me nak'd and thin.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 124 They peal off the Rind of them, then cut them into quarters.
1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 70 The People of Provence and Italy, after they have peel'd off the Bark, sell the Fustick Wood.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 169 They peel'd it off thicker or finer as they had Occasion.
1790 Trans. Soc. Arts 8 27 Earth that has been peeled and burnt.
1835 J. F. Cooper Monikins I. xiii. 212 The Captain took the pumpkin between his legs, and carefully peeled off the whole of its greenish-yellow coat, leaving it a globe of a whitish colour.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 116 The thickened capsule cannot readily be peeled from the surface of the liver.
1905 Terms Forestry & Logging (Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Forestry, No. 61) 37 Fitter..one who cuts limbs from felled trees and rings and slits the bark preparatory to peeling tanbark.
1996 Chef's Catal. (Mail Order Catal.) Spring 21/1 This well-designed swivel peeler peels just the skin..not half your vegetable.
b. transitive. To remove or separate (a thin covering, adhering layer, or part) from the outside or surface of something. Also: to separate (a single item) from the top of a stack. Frequently with off. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > remove or displace by scratching, scraping, stripping, or cutting
bestrip1065
file?c1225
to cut awayc1320
raze1419
screeve?1440
rakec1475
to scrape out, forth1530
scrata1560
scrabble1657
scamble1707
peel1787
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > detach in other specific manner
unnaila1400
to pull offa1425
nipc1450
unlink1569
unhook1611
unhinge1616
unsling1630
to pinch off1654
untack1693
unstring1697
peel1787
unbolt1793
unthong1829
unswing1835
unshackle1840
unsnap1862
unbraze1898
delink1899
1787 G. Colman Inkle & Yarico iii. ii. 59 A bad head it must be, to forget that Madam Yarico prevented her countrymen from peeling off the upper part of it.
1862 M. E. Braddon Lady Audley's Secret II. viii. 171 After two or three careful attempts, the moistened surface [of the label] peeled off without injury to the underneath address.
1868 R. Browning Ring & Bk. I. i. 17 Also he peeled off that last scandal-rag Of Nepotism.
1906 G. W. Peck Peck's Bad Boy with Circus ii. 33 He..took out his roll and peeled off a $20 bill.
1971 M. McCarthy Birds of Amer. 181 With his thumbnail, unobtrusively, he peeled off the price-tag.
1982 P. Mann Eye of Queen 84 Worst of all were the moments after he'd peeled back the sheets and climbed into bed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > in other specific ways
sprengec1300
weavec1420
unwomb1594
coagulate1633
texture1694
to strike out1720
to strike out1735
transcreatea1834
peel1885
1885 Bible (R.V.) Gen. xxx. 37 And Jacob took him rods of fresh poplar..and peeled [1611 and earlier vv. pilled] white strakes in them.
4. † b. transitive. To strip (land) of its vegetation or cover; to cut or graze down (grass, crops, etc.) to the ground; = pill v.1 8. Obsolete. rare.
a. transitive. To strip (a thing) of its natural outer layer; to remove the skin, rind, or bark of; = pill v.1 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > strip or make bare > strip of outer layer
peela1450
a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 8 (MED) Take oynonys and schrede hem an pele hem (an pyle hem nowt to smale).
1464 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 280 (MED) For a webbe and a pynne in the yhe, roste an egge hard and pele it.
1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 116/1 Take a good apple..peele him, and cut out the clockes therof.
a1628 J. Carmichaell Coll. Prov. in Scots (1957) No. 777 Quhen sche peild ane egge and cuist it in her gob.
1638 R. Farley Kalender Mans Life Winter l. 24 So mans malignant age, with dreary fate, Doth rob him of his lockes, and peele his pate.
1660 Plymouth (Mass.) Rec. I. 43 Either English or Indians peele the Rinds of cedare trees.
1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery i. 11 To dress Potatoes..boil them..then peel them.
1763 J. Woolman Jrnl. 10 June (1971) viii. 126 Near our tent, on the sides of large trees peeled for that purpose were various representations of men.
1824 M. Randolph Virginia House-wife 65 Take the neck chine..put it in a pint of water, and fill it up with sweet potatoes nicely washed, but not peeled.
1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. Introd. 6 The basket-maker peeling his willow wands in the sunshine.
1935 L. MacNeice Poems 44 I peel and portion A tangerine and spit the pips.
1984 K. Hom Chinese Cookery 8 I remember peeling hundreds of pounds of prawns.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > provide pasture [verb (transitive)] > bare land
peel1789
1670 Processes Kirkcudbright Sheriff Court 20 June in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Pele [Michael Anderson has]..kest divatts and peilled [the ground].
1691 Rec. Cramond Kirk Session 3 Dec. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Pele They discharge the beddell hereafter to breake or peill the ground in another place then where the grave is made.
1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 2 107 His pastures and clover crops were peeled to the earth.
5.
a. intransitive. To lose all or part of an outer layer or covering (skin, bark, etc.), esp. in small strips or pieces. Also figurative. Cf. pill v.1 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > become uncovered [verb (intransitive)] > be lost as an outer layer > be lost as skin, husk, or bark > lose skin, husk, or bark
pill?a1200
peel1592
1592–3 in S. Ree Rec. Elgin (1908) II. 28 Part of the watter fell on hir feit and thairefter hir feit peillit.
1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love iv. i. sig. Gv They [sc. lips] do not peele sweete charge? do they? View more context for this quotation
1854 C. D. Badham Prose Halieutics 232 The..onion-fish, whose body peels into flakes like that bulb.
1880 A. Geikie Elem. Lessons Physical Geogr. (new ed.) iv. 305 In countries where the winters are severe, ordinary building-stones and mortar are found to peel off in successive crusts.
1892 A. Conan Doyle Adventures Sherlock Holmes vi. 148 The man's face peeled off under the sponge like the bark from a tree. Gone was the coarse brown tint!
1962 M. Trevor Newman Pillar of Cloud 135 His lips peeled, his hands were yellow and the nails discoloured.
1990 Sunday Tel. 1 Apr. (Review section) p. ii/4 The signboard was peeling, the windows..were broken.
b. intransitive. To admit of being peeled.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > become uncovered [verb (intransitive)] > be lost as an outer layer > be lost as skin, husk, or bark
pill?a1200
peel1634
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > become uncovered [verb (intransitive)] > be lost as an outer layer > be lost as skin, husk, or bark > admit being peeled
peel1634
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 183 The rinde or skin peeles off most easily.
a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 17 A meanes to make them peele better.
1845 R. Browning Eng. in Italy in Bells & Pomegranates No. VII: Dramatic Romances & Lyrics 6/2 This half of a curd-white smooth cheese-ball, That peels, flake by flake, Like an onion's.
1869 S. Parsons Parsons on Rose (rev. ed.) vii. 127 Rind-grafting..must be practiced when the bark peels easily, or separates with ease from the wood.
1900 H. L. Keeler Our Native Trees 282 Shagbark refers to the loose shaggy appearance of the bark, and as this peels off easily the tree is also known as Shellbark.
1934 Times 10 Feb. 15/1 It [sc. a tomato] peels like a peach.
1987 M. Kochanski Northern Bushcraft (1988) viii. 223 From mid-May until about mid-August the bark peels easily. Sometimes peeling can be accomplished with the fingers alone.
c. intransitive. Of an outer layer or covering: to become detached, come off, come away, esp. in small strips or pieces. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > become uncovered [verb (intransitive)] > be lost as an outer layer > lose outer layer
scale1529
to be scaleda1552
peel1640
exfoliate1676
exsquamate1684
1640 H. Mill Nights Search i. 229 His skin from's flesh did peele: I can but think what torments he did feele!
1656 S. Vernon Trepan 6 Nor could they with all their art keep on the paint which daily peeled off from their bold deluding faces.
1712 J. Swift Midas 36 Against whose torrent while he swims, The golden scurf peels off his limbs.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker III. 224 That harsh reserve, which formed a disagreeable husk about his character, begins to peel off in the course of our communication.
1805 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 14 496 The scabs will decorticate and peel off from the scalp.
1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) xix. 194 ‘This is delightful..!’ said Mr. Pickwick, the skin of whose expressive countenance, was rapidly peeling off, with exposure to the sun.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xx. 143 Its outer surface appeared to be peeling off like a crust.
1905 H. Garland Tyranny of Dark 59 The paint was blistering and peeling from the clap-boarding on the sunny side of the main building.
1985 ‘A. T. Ellis’ Unexplained Laughter 131 The skin was peeling off Finn's nose.
6.
a. intransitive. colloquial. To take off one's outer garments; to undress, strip (originally in preparation for a fight). Also with off.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > undressing or removing clothing > undress or remove clothing [verb (intransitive)]
stripa1225
unbusk1596
uncase1598
disapparela1605
undressa1625
disarray1678
unrig1693
disrobe1716
peel1785
tirr1787
unattire1791
shuck1848
1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Peel, to strip: allusion to the taking off the coat or rind of an orange or apple.
1800 J. Hurdis Favorite Village ii. 51 The swain Who, to his fair shirt peeled, from dusky dawn To latest twilight gathers the full ear.
1818 Sporting Mag. 2 231 He peeled in Tothill-fields with the utmost sang froid.
1879 Boy's Own Paper 18 Jan. 2/1 ‘Look sharp and peel!’ cried our captain. So we hurried to the tent and promptly divested ourselves of our outer garments.
1950 Variety 13 Dec. 1/5 The gals are peelin' in 23 clubs through Los Angeles County.
1992 City Limits 2 July 55/2 This glitzy extravaganza mixes solid dance sounds with risque visuals and live PAs, inciting all the boyz and girlz to peel off.
b. transitive. colloquial. To strip (the body) wholly or partly of clothing; to take off (clothes).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > undressing or removing clothing > undress or remove clothing [verb (transitive)] > strip or undress a person
to dight nakedc1200
stripa1225
unclothec1300
nakea1350
despoilc1386
spoilc1386
spoila1400
uncleada1400
undighta1400
unarray14..
disarrayc1425
disattire?1473
unray1485
uncover1530
tirr1553
disclothe1570
disvesture1570
uncoat1571
uncase1576
unapparel1577
disrobe1590
unrig1591
unbusk1596
unstrip1596
untire1597
devest1598
unparel1603
unshale1604
unvest1609
disapparel1610
flaya1616
undress1615
disinvest1619
disvest1627
despoil1632
blanch1675
unpack1765
ungarment1805
peel1820
divest1848
divesture1854
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > undressing or removing clothing > undress or remove clothing [verb (transitive)] > take off clothing
to do offeOE
to lay downc1275
to weve offc1290
stripc1320
doffa1375
loose1382
ofdrawa1393
casta1400
to take offa1400
warpa1400
to cast offc1400
to catch offc1400
waivec1400
voidc1407
to put off?a1425
to wap offc1440
to lay from, offc1480
despoil1483
to pull offc1500
slip1535
devest1566
to shift off1567
daff1609
discuss1640
to lay off1699
strip1762
douse1780
shuffle1837
derobe1841
shed1858
skin1861
peel1888
pull1888
1820 ‘P. Corcoran’ Fancy Note 89 [Randull's] figure is remarkable, when peeled, for its statue-like beauty.
1852 R. S. Surtees Mr. Sponge's Sporting Tour v. xxv. 144 Jack was in the act of ‘peeling’ himself, as he called it.
1888 Detroit Free Press 20 Oct. 7/4 She peeled off her wedding dress and boots.
1935 N.Y. Evening Jrnl. 7 May Lassies who daily peel off enveloping garments..to disclose their curvesome charms.
1967 A. S. Byatt Game xvii. 234 Simon came past her, peeling off raincoat and jacket.
1990 News of World 11 Feb. 6 A brunette..wearing a policewoman's uniform..peeled this off, followed by black panties.
7. intransitive. North American slang. To move or drive quickly; to hurry, race. Also (occasionally) transitive with it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > going swiftly on foot > go swiftly on foot [verb (intransitive)] > run > run fast or at full speed
to pull it1792
to run (also be off) like a redshank1809
sky1824
tattera1825
peel1860
pelter1906
hare1908
1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) (at cited word) To run at full speed. ‘Come, boys; peel it now, or you'll be late.’
1953 H. G. Felsen Street Rod 103 You got off easy... The way you peeled up that street.
1963 in B. L. Chipman Hardening Rock 50 Just tuned my car now, she really peels.
1992 R. Anaya Albuquerque xx. 239 He smiled and peeled out of the pueblo, leaving a thick trail of dust in his wake.
8.
a. intransitive. Aeronautics. Of an aircraft: to veer off from a straight course, esp. alongside other aircraft; to move or break away from an airborne formation. Of a pilot: to execute such a manoeuvre.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > specific flying operations or procedures > [verb (intransitive)] > break away from formation
peel1941
1941 Christian Sci. Monitor 6 Mar. 4/8 Other fanciful R.A.F. Terms include..‘peeling off’, for veering away from another aircraft.
1943 J. L. Hunt & A. G. Pringle Service Slang 51 Peel off,..to break away from a formation in order to meet an attack, or to leave a squadron to initiate an attack.
1953 ‘N. Shute’ In Wet vii. 212 He dismissed the escort [of fighter aircraft].., and they peeled away up into the clear blue sky.
1992 Pilot July 14/2 Haigh is the last to take off... He peels away from the formation.
b. intransitive. gen. To move off in another direction; to leave, depart; to break away.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)]
wendeOE
i-wite971
ashakec975
shakeOE
to go awayOE
witea1000
afareOE
agoOE
atwendOE
awayOE
to wend awayOE
awendOE
gangOE
rimeOE
flitc1175
to fare forthc1200
depart?c1225
part?c1225
partc1230
to-partc1275
biwitec1300
atwitea1325
withdrawa1325
to draw awayc1330
passc1330
to turn one's (also the) backc1330
lenda1350
begonec1370
remuea1375
voidc1374
removec1380
to long awaya1382
twinc1386
to pass one's wayc1390
trussc1390
waive1390
to pass out ofa1398
avoida1400
to pass awaya1400
to turn awaya1400
slakec1400
wagc1400
returnc1405
to be gonea1425
muck1429
packc1450
recede1450
roomc1450
to show (a person) the feetc1450
to come offc1475
to take one's licence1475
issue1484
devoidc1485
rebatea1500
walka1500
to go adieua1522
pikea1529
to go one's ways1530
retire?1543
avaunt1549
to make out1558
trudge1562
vade?1570
fly1581
leave1593
wag1594
to get off1595
to go off1600
to put off1600
shog1600
troop1600
to forsake patch1602
exit1607
hence1614
to give offa1616
to take off1657
to move off1692
to cut (also slip) the painter1699
sheera1704
to go about one's business1749
mizzle1772
to move out1792
transit1797–1803
stump it1803
to run away1809
quit1811
to clear off1816
to clear out1816
nash1819
fuff1822
to make (take) tracks (for)1824
mosey1829
slope1830
to tail out1830
to walk one's chalks1835
to take away1838
shove1844
trot1847
fade1848
evacuate1849
shag1851
to get up and get1854
to pull out1855
to cut (the) cable(s)1859
to light out1859
to pick up1872
to sling one's Daniel or hook1873
to sling (also take) one's hook1874
smoke1893
screw1896
shoot1897
voetsak1897
to tootle off1902
to ship out1908
to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909
to push off1918
to bugger off1922
biff1923
to fuck off1929
to hit, split or take the breeze1931
to jack off1931
to piss offa1935
to do a mick1937
to take a walk1937
to head off1941
to take a hike1944
moulder1945
to chuff off1947
to get lost1947
to shoot through1947
skidoo1949
to sod off1950
peel1951
bug1952
split1954
poop1961
mugger1962
frig1965
1951 H. Wouk Caine Mutiny (1952) v. xx. 235 The battle wagons peeled off and went ahead a couple of hours ago.
1960 Tamarack Rev. xiv. 25 The way he have it figure out, if he stay in the work he have now, he going to be able to peel off and spend the summer on the Continent.
1970 N. Armstrong et al. First on Moon ii. 38 Just short of the point where a main highway peels off westward..,motels and cocktail lounges..nest alongside gleaming new buildings.
1974 D. Gray Dead Give Away v. 54 ‘What do we do between tea and dinner?’ asked Tony. ‘I peel off to my room and read,’ said Bob.
1991 Amer. Square Dance July 94/2 Both [dancers] will peel to the right or left.
c. intransitive. Rugby. To break away from a line-out, maul, or scrum, usually with the ball. Chiefly with off.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > rugby football > play rugby football [verb (intransitive)] > actions or manoeuvres
pack1874
heel1884
scrum1890
goal1900
drop1905
to give (or sell) the (or a) dummy1907
ruck1910
jinka1914
to drop out1917
fly-kick1930
scissor1935
quick-heel1936
short-punt1937
touch-kick1954
grubber-kick1958
peel1960
corner-flag1962
to chip and chase1970
box kick1977
1960 Times 24 Oct. 14/1 It was a joy to watch the smooth way in which they peeled off from a tight scrummage.
1977 Western Mail (Cardiff) 5 Mar. 18/1 They were trailing only 6–7 at the interval after No. 8 Roger Lane had peeled from a close range scrum to put Adrian Jones diving at full stretch for a try.
1982 B. Beaumont Thanks to Rugby xi. 134 We drove them in the scrums, peeled and rolled from the line-out, drove again in the loose where we outmauled them.
2004 Kent & Sussex Courier (Nexis) 16 Jan. (Sport section) 84 Chris Veall peeled from a tight scrum on the Sheppey 22 to touch down wide on the left.
d. intransitive. Surfing. Of a wave: to form and break. Also with off.
ΚΠ
1968 Surfer Jan. 47/3 Ten-foot waves that peel off in good right and left slides.
1977 Surfing World (Austral.) 24 16 The wind was not quite off shore and the outside banks were peeling so fast they were unrideable.
1987 Windsurf Jan.–Feb. 26/1 The wind picked up to twenty knots and the waves started peeling cleanly.
2001 Kitesurf Mag. Sept. 73 It was incredible. Waves at about 3 feet, peeling perfectly around a point.
e. transitive. Curling. To remove (an opponent's guard stone) from play with one's own stone, which also rolls out of play. Also intransitive.
ΚΠ
1979 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 18 Apr. 38/5 With the score tied and possessing last rock, the Swiss had peeled off Norwegian front stones throughout the end.
1996 Province (Vancouver) 4 Mar. a36 Walchuk is throwing the big weight, picking and peeling to his heart's desire.
2002 Independent (Nexis) 23 Feb. 25 Britain peel away the Swiss guard stones until it is up to Martin to produce a tricky take-out on her final stone.
Phrases
Categories »
P1. Scottish. to pack and (also or) peel: see pack v.1 Phrases 1.
P2. [Translating post-classical Latin convulsam et dilaceratam (Vulgate, Isaiah 18:2; compare quot. 1611).] to be scattered and peeled and variants: (of a people) to be dispersed, to become estranged from one another.
ΚΠ
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xviii. 2 Goe yee swift messengers to a nation scattered and peeled [L. convulsam et dilaceratam; a1382 Wycliffite, E.V. al to-pullid and torn; a1425 Wycliffite, L.V. drawun up and to-rent; 1535 Coverdale a desperate and pylled folke] . View more context for this quotation
1732 G. Berkeley Serm. to Soc. Propagation Gospel in Wks. (1871) III. 247 They lay under the curse of God,..peeled and scattered in a foreign land.
1744 Wesley Addr. to King in J. H. Overton Evangel. Revival (1886) ix. 162 A people scattered and peeled and trodden under foot.
1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 246 If Heaven spared not us, Peeled, scattered, and exterminated thus.
1883 J. Mackenzie Day-dawn in Dark Places 63 The harmless vassalls..are then scattered and peeled, driven hither and thither, and mercilessly killed.
1887 C. D. Bell Gleaning from Tour 90 A nation peeled and scattered, cast out, oppressed, forlorn.
1995 E. A. Henderson Afrocentrism & World Politics iii. 108 Due to successive invasions of Aryans, Greeks, Persians, Romans, Huns, Mongols, and Turks, they became a nation ‘scattered and peeled’ throughout the Asian continent.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > poverty > make poor or impoverish [verb (transitive)] > by depredations or extortions
to poll and pill1528
to peel and poll1641
to pick feathers off (a person)1677
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > despoil or prey upon [verb (transitive)]
reaveOE
stripa1225
pill?c1225
robc1225
peela1250
despoil1297
raimc1300
spoilc1330
spoila1340
to pull a finch (also pigeon, plover, etc.)c1387
despoil1393
preya1400
spoila1400
spulyiea1400
unspoila1400
riflec1400
poll1490
to pill and poll1528
to poll and pill1528
exspoila1530
pilyie1539
devour?1542
plume1571
rive1572
bepill1574
fleece1575
to prey over1576
pread1577
disvaledge1598
despoliate1607
to make spoil of1613
expilate1624
to peel and poll1641
depredate1651
violatea1657
disvalise1672
to pick feathers off (a person)1677
to make stroy of1682
spoliate1699
pilfer1714
snabble1725
rump1815
vampire1832
sweat1847
ploat1855
vampirize1888
1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia (new ed.) 13 His Father dying in ignominy, and at the Gallows, his estate confiscate, and that for peeling [ed. 1 1641 pilling] and polling.
1650 O. Cromwell in T. Carlyle Oliver Cromwell's Lett. & Speeches (1868) II. Suppl. 487 How dare you call these men your ‘Flocks’'..whom you have fleeced, and polled, and peeled hitherto.
1687 Life C. Salustius Crispus in tr. Sallust Wks. sig. a6 By Peeling and Polling the Country, he so well lin'd his Coffers.
1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake II. xi. 184 Us..whom he hath polled and peeled till we are——.
P4.
a. to peel one's eyes: to be watchful and alert, to keep one's eyes peeled (peeled adj. 1b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (intransitive)] > observe or watch
spya1400
wait1399
espyc1405
watch1487
gate?1590
to look sharp1680
stag1796
to keep one's eyes peeled1844
to skin one's eyes1851
to peel one's eyes1875
to take sights1934
1875 J. G. Holland Sevenoaks xii. 161 An' peel yer eyes, Mike, for I'm goin' to show ye some thin' that'll s'prise ye.
1947 A. Miller All my Sons i. 12 Now go out, and keep both eyes peeled... A policeman don't ask questions. Now peel them eyes!
1976 T. Heald Let Sleeping Dogs Die v. 99 I've been peeling my eyes... There are some funny goings-on going on.
2001 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 6 Feb. Take a two-hour boat cruise..and peel your eyes for more than 950 species of flora and fauna.
b. to peel one's ivories: to reveal one's teeth; (of a person) to smile. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (intransitive)] > show teeth
to peel one's ivories1876
1876 T. W. Knox Underground lxi. 875 Spot was getting ready for a growl, and began to peel his ivories like the ripping up of an old shoe.
1890 P. H. Emerson Wild Life xxvi. 109 Lor, that peeled and showed his ivories at us.
1939 Collier's 23 Sept. 65/1 Come on, Betty Boop..peel the old ivories. You're not giving that smile any stuff.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† peelv.2
Scottish. Obsolete. rare.
transitive. To fix or stretch by means of stakes.
ΚΠ
1584 in J. M. Thomson Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1888) V. 225/2 To haill, schutt, peill and draw nettis.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
peelv.3
/piːl/, U.S. /pil/, Scottish English /pil/ Originally Scottish.† 1. transitive. To equal, match. Cf. peel n.4 Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] > equal, match, or rival
matchc1400
to hold, rarely have, tack with (to)1412
equalize15..
mate1509
touch1530
to hold (a person, etc.) tack (to tack)1555
equal1590
egall1591
countermatch1600
to weigh with (also even with)1600
emulate1602
side1605
compeer1608
pair1619
mount1628
amate1642
to hold weight witha1643
to be (also prove oneself) a match for1712
peel1726
to hold the sticks toa1817
to bear or stand comparison with1845
see1861
tie1888
1726 Poems Royal Company Archers 62 When Ardrose was a Man, He cou'd not be peal'd.
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. To Peel, Peal, to equal, to match.
2. Curling and Bowls.
a. intransitive. To draw, tie.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > curling > curl [verb (intransitive)] > be equal in shots
peel1888
1888 Sporting Life (Philadelphia) 18 July 6/6 At the twelfth end they ‘peeled’ for nine.
1921 Glasgow Herald 25 Aug. 4/7 The Scottish Tourists..played a two-rink game [of bowls] at Balham yesterday, ‘peeling’ at 19 on one and losing the other by 12.
1950 Scotsman 9 Aug. 7/3 The players peeled at several stages in the game and were 17–17 at the seventeenth end.
1971 Rand Daily Mail (Johannesburg) 27 Mar. 23/3 Thomson..came back into the game and peeled 15–15 on the 20th end.
1993 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 25 Jan. e5/2 Women's curling is more exciting because there are usually more rocks in play... Very few top teams can peel as consistently as the men do.
b. transitive. To draw (a game, match, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > winter sports > curling > curl [verb (transitive)] > square (a game)
peel1962
1962 Evening News (Edinb.) 29 Jan. 7 The last named fought back in the closing stages to peel the game [sc. in curling] at 11 at the 13th.
1989 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 5 July (Sport section) He not only followed it up, but picked up a wonderful six which peeled the match at 20-all with two heads to go.
2003 Aberdeen Evening Express (Nexis) 24 July 46 New Deer farmer Davie Anderson fought back after being down 12-5 to peel the game at 12-12.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
peelv.4
/piːl/, U.S. /pil/ Croquet.
transitive and intransitive. To hit (a ball other than one's own) through a hoop. Cf. peel n.5
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > croquet > play croquet [verb (transitive)] > types of play or stroke
croquet1858
roquet1859
run1863
spoon1865
wire1866
to get the rush (on a ball)1868
rush1868
to peg out1869
cut1874
split1877
peel1914
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > croquet > play croquet [verb (intransitive)] > types of play or stroke
to knock the balls about1864
to take off1872
cut1874
finesse1874
shoot1874
peel1960
1914 Ld. Tollemache Croquet xviii. 110 The attempt is sometimes made in the second break to ‘Peel’ your first ball through its remaining Hoops during the course of your second break.
1960 E. P. C. Cotter Tackle Croquet this Way xi. 78 You can peel firmly and confidently, and there is less chance of Black sticking in the hoop.
1976 Denbighshire Free Press 8 Dec. 12/5 (advt.) Do you find Croquet, the Croquet of Breaks and Bisques, baffling? Or do you Peel with consummate ease?
1990 Country Life 24 May 142/3 He had attempted to peel black and peg it out but it had not worked, and that was life—and croquet.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
n.11396n.2a1400n.3?a1450
n.41722
n.51907
v.1a1250v.21584v.31726v.41914- sieger
- siegers
- sieges
- siegetrain
- siegewagon
- siegeward
- siegewheel
- siegework
- siegfried line
- siegheiling
- sieging
- siemens
- siemens dynamometer
- siemens - dynamometer
- siemens -electro-dynamometer
- siemens direction finder
- siemens dynamo
- siemens electrodynamometer
- siemens furnace
- siemens process
- siemens producer
- siemens pyrometer
- siemens regenerator
- siemens relay
- siemens wattmeter